Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough SouthwestMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,994
Population, 2016¹	110,278
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.6
Total private dwellings²	44,118
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,938
Population density per square kilometre	3,982.0
Land area in square kilometres	28.12
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,995
0 to 14 years	18,115
0 to 4 years	5,540
5 to 9 years	6,215
10 to 14 years	6,360
15 to 64 years	75,300
15 to 19 years	6,365
20 to 24 years	7,120
25 to 29 years	7,350
30 to 34 years	7,470
35 to 39 years	7,665
40 to 44 years	7,415
45 to 49 years	7,460
50 to 54 years	8,015
55 to 59 years	8,795
60 to 64 years	7,640
65 years and over	18,580
65 to 69 years	6,035
70 to 74 years	4,685
75 to 79 years	2,905
80 to 84 years	2,130
85 years and over	2,825
85 to 89 years	1,560
90 to 94 years	900
95 to 99 years	315
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2
15 to 64 years	67.2
65 years and over	16.6
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	41.2
Median age of the population	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,935
Single-detached house	14,880
Semi-detached house	2,410
Row house	2,210
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,250
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,600
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	14,245
Other single-attached house	335
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,940
1 person	11,720
2 persons	11,505
3 persons	7,265
4 persons	6,800
5 or more persons	4,645
Number of persons in private households	110,035
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,880
Married or living common-law	47,305
Married	41,285
Living common-law	6,020
Living common law - Never married	4,420
Living common law - Separated	270
Living common law - Divorced	1,215
Living common law - Widowed	110
Not married and not living common-law	46,575
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,445
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,925
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,025
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,180
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,505
2 persons	12,710
3 persons	7,365
4 persons	6,650
5 or more persons	2,775
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,500
Total couple families	22,515
Married couples	19,510
With children⁶	12,875
Without children	6,635
Common-law couples	3,010
With children⁶	1,225
Without children	1,780
Total one-parent families	6,985
in which the parent is a woman+	5,870
in which the parent is a man+	1,120
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,035
Total - Persons in census families	88,915
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,035
Parents in one-parent families	6,985
Children⁶	36,890
In a two-parent family	26,065
In a one-parent family	10,825
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,120
Living alone	11,720
Living with other relatives⁷	3,795
Living with non-relatives only	5,605
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,935
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,960
Couple-family households	18,615
With children⁶	11,810
Without children	6,800
One-parent-family households	5,345
Multigenerational households⁸	1,785
Multiple-census-family households⁹	485
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,815
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,170
One-person households	11,720
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,105
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,115
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,625
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,290
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,670
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,460
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,655
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,970
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,120
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,135
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,560
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,340
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,840
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,470
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,700
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,970
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,395
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,605
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,955
Without total income	4,850
With total income	87,100
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,205
$10,000 to $19,999	11,985
$20,000 to $29,999	16,280
$30,000 to $39,999	11,930
$40,000 to $49,999	9,030
$50,000 to $59,999	7,220
$60,000 to $69,999	5,395
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455
$100,000 and over	7,475
$100,000 to $149,999	5,115
$150,000 and over	2,365
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,955
Without after-tax income	4,835
With after-tax income	87,120
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,390
$10,000 to $19,999	12,455
$20,000 to $29,999	18,185
$30,000 to $39,999	13,355
$40,000 to $49,999	10,370
$50,000 to $59,999	7,555
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560
$80,000 to $89,999	2,825
$90,000 to $99,999	1,515
$100,000 and over	3,675
$100,000 to $124,999	1,900
$125,000 and over	1,780
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,955
Without employment income	31,665
With employment income	60,290
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,920
$5,000 to $9,999	6,200
$10,000 to $19,999	7,280
$20,000 to $29,999	5,260
$30,000 to $39,999	4,995
$40,000 to $49,999	5,090
$50,000 to $59,999	4,560
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865
$80,000 to $89,999	2,415
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100
$100,000 and over	5,975
$100,000 to $124,999	2,860
$125,000 and over	3,120
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,800
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,815
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,565
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,365
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,925
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,970
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,995
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,010
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,540
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,460
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,015
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,120
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,970
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,270
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,995
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0
Employment income (%)	73.4
Government transfers (%)	14.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,940
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,720
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,220
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,905
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,650
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,880
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,560
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,250
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,500
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,940
Under $5,000	495
$5,000 to $9,999	365
$10,000 to $14,999	980
$15,000 to $19,999	905
$20,000 to $24,999	2,005
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505
$35,000 to $39,999	1,555
$40,000 to $44,999	1,585
$45,000 to $49,999	1,450
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085
$60,000 to $69,999	2,935
$70,000 to $79,999	2,770
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245
$100,000 and over	15,950
$100,000 to $124,999	4,620
$125,000 to $149,999	3,375
$150,000 to $199,999	4,155
$200,000 and over	3,800
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,940
Under $5,000	530
$5,000 to $9,999	380
$10,000 to $14,999	985
$15,000 to $19,999	950
$20,000 to $24,999	2,115
$25,000 to $29,999	1,775
$30,000 to $34,999	1,690
$35,000 to $39,999	1,785
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765
$45,000 to $49,999	1,785
$50,000 to $59,999	3,590
$60,000 to $69,999	3,315
$70,000 to $79,999	3,010
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840
$90,000 to $99,999	2,330
$100,000 and over	13,095
$100,000 to $124,999	4,795
$125,000 to $149,999	3,105
$150,000 and over	5,195
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,930
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,205
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,115
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,415
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,325
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,920
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,225
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,160
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,320
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,205
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,030
0 to 17 years	21,910
0 to 5 years	6,760
18 to 64 years	71,010
65 years and over	17,110
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,325
0 to 17 years	3,700
0 to 5 years	1,165
18 to 64 years	8,610
65 years and over	3,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1
65 years and over (%)	17.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,035
0 to 17 years	21,915
0 to 5 years	6,765
18 to 64 years	71,010
65 years and over	17,110
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,440
0 to 17 years	1,795
0 to 5 years	565
18 to 64 years	6,715
65 years and over	930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5
65 years and over (%)	5.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,035
In bottom half of the distribution	61,345
In bottom decile	14,290
In second decile	13,255
In third decile	12,625
In fourth decile	10,990
In fifth decile	10,185
In top half of the distribution	48,690
In sixth decile	9,980
In seventh decile	10,035
In eighth decile	9,755
In ninth decile	9,650
In top decile	9,270
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,035
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.353
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.506
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,515
English only	100,225
French only	115
English and French	7,150
Neither English nor French	3,020
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,515
English	105,485
French	1,300
English and French	765
Neither English nor French	2,965
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,515
Single responses	102,915
Official languages	61,020
English	59,875
French	1,145
Non-official languages	41,890
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,505
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	425
Bilen	10
Oromo	105
Somali	305
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	3,070
Amharic	1,185
Arabic	960
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	125
Hebrew	15
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	750
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	425
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	400
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5
Austronesian languages	5,460
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75
Cebuano	175
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	100
Ilocano	410
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,495
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	100
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20
Dravidian languages	3,630
Kannada	55
Malayalam	405
Tamil	2,670
Telugu	490
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	22,460
Albanian	285
Armenian	65
Balto-Slavic languages	2,005
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,975
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	160
Czech	65
Macedonian	495
Polish	400
Russian	350
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	275
Bosnian	30
Croatian	70
Serbian	170
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	140
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	510
Frisian	0
High German languages	390
German	375
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,185
Indo-Iranian languages	15,080
Indo-Aryan languages	13,635
Assamese	5
Bengali	8,795
Gujarati	370
Hindi	745
Kacchi	60
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	25
Marathi	80
Nepali	550
Oriya languages	25
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	675
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160
Urdu	2,055
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50
Iranian languages	1,450
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	100
Parsi	5
Pashto	210
Persian languages	1,120
Dari	705
Iranian Persian	310
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,320
Catalan	0
Italian	1,040
Portuguese	535
Romanian	285
Spanish	1,450
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	170
Korean	280
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	565
Akan (Twi)	80
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	5
Ganda	50
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	110
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	20
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,425
Chinese languages	4,280
Hakka	75
Mandarin	1,520
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	45
Yue (Cantonese)	2,510
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	140
Burmese	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	105
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	10
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	250
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	210
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	510
Estonian	70
Finnish	35
Hungarian	400
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	7,600
English and French	425
English and non-official language(s)	6,335
French and non-official language(s)	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	130
Multiple non-official languages	565
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,515
English	62,010
French	365
Non-official language	12,150
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	12,150
English and French	1,120
English and non-official language(s)	32,740
French and non-official language(s)	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	995
Multiple non-official languages	1,050
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,515
Single responses	101,270
Official languages	75,285
English	74,700
French	590
Non-official languages	25,985
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,985
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,060
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	205
Bilen	0
Oromo	50
Somali	155
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,850
Amharic	690
Arabic	580
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	80
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	490
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,285
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	120
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	215
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45
Pangasinan	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,765
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	2,705
Kannada	30
Malayalam	295
Tamil	2,075
Telugu	305
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	13,555
Albanian	150
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,000
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	990
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	100
Czech	20
Macedonian	265
Polish	205
Russian	215
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	125
Bosnian	15
Croatian	20
Serbian	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	45
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	575
Indo-Iranian languages	10,180
Indo-Aryan languages	9,225
Assamese	5
Bengali	6,145
Gujarati	215
Hindi	410
Kacchi	25
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	35
Nepali	380
Oriya languages	15
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85
Urdu	1,425
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40
Iranian languages	955
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	65
Parsi	0
Pashto	165
Persian languages	710
Dari	465
Iranian Persian	170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565
Catalan	0
Italian	435
Portuguese	225
Romanian	145
Spanish	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	80
Korean	180
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	185
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	20
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	60
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,155
Chinese languages	3,065
Hakka	30
Mandarin	1,125
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	1,810
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	5
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	155
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	130
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	240
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	215
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	9,245
English and French	265
English and non-official language(s)	8,670
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	100
Multiple non-official languages	165
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,515
None	82,175
English	11,425
French	960
Non-official language	12,460
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	12,450
English and French	160
English and non-official language(s)	1,520
French and non-official language(s)	420
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	1,365
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,095
Official languages	107,090
English	106,970
French	7,205
Non-official languages	56,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,475
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,025
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	20
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	670
Bilen	0
Oromo	255
Somali	410
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,510
Amharic	1,890
Arabic	1,885
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	235
Hebrew	60
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	1,225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	680
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	660
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	7,500
Bikol	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80
Cebuano	280
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	205
Ilocano	800
Indonesian	80
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70
Pangasinan	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,150
Waray-Waray	75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170
Creole languages	350
Haitian Creole	40
Jamaican English Creole	70
Krio	0
Morisyen	55
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45
Dravidian languages	5,615
Kannada	110
Malayalam	580
Tamil	4,220
Telugu	1,015
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	31,390
Albanian	330
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	2,600
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	2,560
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	250
Czech	35
Macedonian	635
Polish	625
Russian	650
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	420
Bosnian	100
Croatian	170
Serbian	310
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	40
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	975
Frisian	0
High German languages	745
German	735
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170
Afrikaans	25
Dutch	140
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	85
Danish	20
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	15
Swedish	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,775
Indo-Iranian languages	20,980
Indo-Aryan languages	19,215
Assamese	45
Bengali	11,090
Gujarati	505
Hindi	4,570
Kacchi	80
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	65
Marathi	250
Nepali	860
Oriya languages	30
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,545
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	95
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	285
Urdu	4,155
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100
Iranian languages	1,985
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	210
Parsi	0
Pashto	380
Persian languages	1,670
Dari	1,015
Iranian Persian	490
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	215
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45
Italic (Romance) languages	5,485
Catalan	0
Italian	1,875
Portuguese	820
Romanian	300
Spanish	2,750
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	445
Korean	385
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,330
Akan (Twi)	170
Bamanankan	0
Edo	40
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	30
Ganda	120
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	55
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30
Lingala	145
Luba-Kasai	20
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	370
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	25
Yoruba	230
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	155
Nilo-Saharan languages	25
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	100
American Sign Language	80
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,240
Chinese languages	4,965
Hakka	85
Mandarin	2,275
Min Dong	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	3,135
Chinese, n.o.s.	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	255
Burmese	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	210
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55
Tai-Kadai languages	85
Lao	25
Thai	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	345
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	0
Turkish	300
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20
Uralic languages	600
Estonian	60
Finnish	70
Hungarian	480
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,095
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,470
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,375
First Nations (North American Indian)	805
Métis	520
Inuk (Inuit)	55
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60
Non-Indigenous identity	108,625
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,095
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	395
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,700
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,905
Owner	22,735
Renter	19,165
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,905
Condominium	4,970
Not condominium	36,935
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,905
No bedrooms	965
1 bedroom	8,735
2 bedrooms	12,105
3 bedrooms	11,775
4 or more bedrooms	8,325
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,905
1 to 4 rooms	18,985
5 rooms	5,920
6 rooms	5,285
7 rooms	4,185
8 or more rooms	7,540
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,905
One person or fewer per room	38,690
More than one person per room	3,210
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,905
Suitable	35,355
Not suitable	6,545
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,905
1960 or before	16,845
1961 to 1980	12,380
1981 to 1990	3,470
1991 to 2000	3,240
2001 to 2005	985
2006 to 2010	2,055
2011 to 2015	1,415
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,520
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,905
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,695
Major repairs needed	3,210
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,905
One-maintainer household	22,440
Two-maintainer household	16,040
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,420
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,905
15 to 24 years	495
25 to 34 years	4,280
35 to 44 years	7,365
45 to 54 years	8,820
55 to 64 years	9,925
65 to 74 years	6,675
75 to 84 years	2,975
85 years and over	1,365
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,680
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,385
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,290
30% to less than 100%	10,405
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,900
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,090
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,045
Not suitable only	4,535
Major repairs needed only	1,720
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,300
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	775
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	540
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175
Acceptable housing	23,820
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,790
In core need	8,530
Not in core need	32,260
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,735
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.7
% in core housing need⁶³	9.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,872
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	944,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,170
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.3
% in core housing need⁶³	34.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,196
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,100
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	425
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	390
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	345
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,290
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,225
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	955
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	250
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,380
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,095
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,470
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,890
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,585
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,630
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,095
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,395
Immigrants⁸¹	50,370
Before 1980	7,380
1980 to 1990	5,550
1991 to 2000	11,435
2001 to 2010	12,885
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,120
2011 to 2015	6,130
2016 to 2021	6,985
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,330
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	50,370
Under 5 years	3,970
5 to 14 years	8,195
15 to 24 years	9,285
25 to 44 years	24,165
45 years and over	4,755
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	50,370
Americas	7,240
Brazil	155
Colombia	145
El Salvador	175
Guyana	1,635
Haiti	60
Jamaica	1,625
Mexico	155
Peru	55
Trinidad and Tobago	1,130
United States of America	640
Other places of birth in Americas	1,465
Europe	6,930
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85
Croatia	60
France	100
Germany	325
Greece	795
Hungary	230
Italy	880
Netherlands	95
Poland	420
Portugal	330
Romania	275
Russian Federation	210
Serbia⁸⁶	100
Ukraine	70
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,615
Other places of birth in Europe	1,330
Africa	4,655
Algeria	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	190
Egypt	160
Eritrea	785
Ethiopia	1,525
Morocco	90
Nigeria	295
Somalia	310
South Africa, Republic of	110
Other places of birth in Africa	1,170
Asia	31,445
Afghanistan	800
Iran⁸⁸	430
Iraq	145
Lebanon	75
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	155
China⁹⁰	2,550
Hong Kong⁹¹	560
Korea, South⁹²	255
Taiwan	115
Philippines	7,370
Viet Nam	685
Bangladesh	8,095
India	3,165
Pakistan	2,295
Sri Lanka	2,535
Other places of birth in Asia	2,120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,990
Americas	480
Brazil	70
Colombia	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	115
Mexico	35
United States of America	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	25
Other places of birth in Americas	150
Europe	355
France	15
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	25
Italy	15
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	205
Africa	1,210
Algeria	0
Burundi	25
Cameroon	55
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30
Côte d'Ivoire	25
Egypt	10
Eritrea	375
Ethiopia	395
Morocco	0
Nigeria	120
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Sudan⁹⁷	15
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	130
Asia	4,940
Afghanistan	185
Bangladesh	1,410
China⁹⁰	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	1,490
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	10
Israel	0
Japan	30
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	55
Lebanon	0
Nepal	185
Pakistan	315
Philippines	675
Saudi Arabia	130
Sri Lanka	85
Syria⁸⁹	70
Turkey	55
United Arab Emirates	30
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	75
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,095
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,430
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,210
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,460
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,995
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20,560
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,035
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	11,530
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	13,200
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,490
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	740
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,995
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,865
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,785
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	430
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,865
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	190
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	31,870
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,095
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	67,560
South Asian	27,250
Chinese	5,640
Black	13,565
Filipino	9,480
Arab	1,115
Latin American	1,710
Southeast Asian	1,110
West Asian	1,855
Korean	405
Japanese	505
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,925
Multiple visible minorities	2,990
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	42,540
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,095
Canadian	8,615
English	11,540
Irish	11,100
Scottish	10,005
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,430
German	3,730
Chinese	6,475
Italian	4,170
Indian (India)	6,670
Ukrainian	1,515
Dutch	1,305
Polish	1,995
Québécois	130
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,500
Filipino	9,085
French Canadian	635
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,630
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	565
Métis	380
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	925
Russian	825
Norwegian	270
Welsh	965
Portuguese	1,355
American	625
Spanish	1,440
Swedish	475
Hungarian	830
Acadian	110
Pakistani	2,900
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,400
Jewish	500
Punjabi	430
Vietnamese	775
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	495
Greek	2,430
Jamaican	2,775
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,900
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75
Korean	500
Romanian	490
Lebanese	250
Iranian	490
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	445
Danish	345
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265
Sikh	25
Austrian	250
Belgian	160
Haitian	80
Hindu	1,170
Mexican	305
Mennonite	30
Swiss	195
Finnish	325
Sri Lankan	2,505
Croatian	190
Japanese	655
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,150
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	90
Muslim	720
Egyptian	210
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	385
Tamil	1,550
Icelandic	90
Colombian	165
Moroccan	120
Czech	125
Syrian	190
Guyanese	1,335
Afghan	1,130
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,120
Serbian	255
Ojibway	135
Newfoundlander	290
Hong Konger	270
Ontarian	210
Persian	270
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,000
Turkish	320
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30
Bangladeshi	7,980
Algerian	35
Brazilian	205
Nigerian	410
Armenian	120
Slovak	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115
Somali	495
Taiwanese	150
Iraqi	165
Salvadorean	175
African Caribbean	615
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	635
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	205
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	720
Algonquin	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	795
Lithuanian	110
South African	175
Australian	50
Palestinian	75
Chilean	120
Congolese	170
Nova Scotian	10
Ethiopian	1,545
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125
Peruvian	105
Yoruba	155
Cambodian (Khmer)	30
Berber	10
Albanian	325
Maltese	200
Macedonian	860
Slovenian	80
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	70
Eritrean	945
African Canadian	250
Israeli	25
Mohawk	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25
Bulgarian	230
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	190
Barbadian	285
African American	225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70
Cuban	110
Bosnian	100
Venezuelan	125
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	115
Bengali	2,180
Cameroonian	30
Guatemalan	105
Indonesian	110
Laotian	50
Ilocano	230
Northern Irish	225
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	75
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	75
Estonian	150
Kurdish	215
Fijian	15
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85
Coptic	25
Thai	60
Dominican	75
Nepali	635
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	25
Byelorussian	40
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15
New Zealander	40
Sudanese	165
Breton	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	50
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	15
Buddhist	60
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	160
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30
Burundian	80
Tigrinya	330
Nicaraguan	115
Mauritian	30
Kenyan	155
Oji-Cree	30
Vincentian	125
Jordanian	35
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	30
Grenadian	220
Malayali	85
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	95
Mayan	35
Honduran	30
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	180
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	20
Azerbaijani	45
Sicilian	70
Pashtun	65
Malay	185
Goan	75
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	100
Tibetan	205
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	20
Mongolian	30
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	50
Indo-Guyanese	85
Ugandan	155
Oromo	265
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	75
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	15
Fulani	25
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	70
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	20
Telugu	170
Roma	110
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	15
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	35
Karen	0
Edo	35
Tajik	55
Amhara	215
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,095
Buddhist	1,530
Christian	51,185
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,085
Anabaptist	70
Anglican	3,280
Baptist	945
Catholic	25,320
Christian Orthodox	4,705
Jehovah's Witness	390
Latter Day Saints	80
Lutheran	515
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	295
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,275
Presbyterian	915
Reformed	10
United Church	2,335
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,960
Hindu	9,255
Jewish	305
Muslim	19,960
Sikh	420
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	570
No religion and secular perspectives	26,860
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,135
Non-movers	98,975
Movers	10,160
Non-migrants	7,775
Migrants	2,385
Internal migrants	1,155
Intraprovincial migrants	760
Interprovincial migrants	395
External migrants	1,230
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,485
Non-movers	71,595
Movers	32,890
Non-migrants	20,780
Migrants	12,110
Internal migrants	3,795
Intraprovincial migrants	2,720
Interprovincial migrants	1,075
External migrants	8,310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,970
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,655
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,315
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,430
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,215
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,970
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,030
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,670
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,005
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,665
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,735
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,980
Bachelor's degree	18,615
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,690
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	680
Master's degree	7,295
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	695
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,430
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,455
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,520
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,500
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,365
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,070
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,995
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,945
Bachelor's degree	14,990
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	610
Master's degree	6,515
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	565
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,970
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,935
Education	2,415
13. Education	2,415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,265
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280
50. Visual and performing arts	1,990
Humanities	3,205
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325
23. English language and literature/letters	980
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185
39. Theology and religious vocations	165
54. History	385
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	965
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,255
22. Legal professions and studies	975
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220
42. Psychology	840
45. Social sciences	2,980
Business, management and public administration	12,310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,300
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60
40. Physical sciences	510
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,430
25. Library science	135
27. Mathematics and statistics	495
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,345
04. Architecture and related services	465
14. Engineering	3,440
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,080
48. Precision production	495
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	685
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435
03. Natural resources and conservation	255
Health and related fields	6,860
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,200
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,125
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,210
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	590
49. Transportation and materials moving	295
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,910
Education	1,760
13. Education	1,760
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,790
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200
50. Visual and performing arts	1,590
Humanities	2,515
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260
23. English language and literature/letters	770
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	840
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160
39. Theology and religious vocations	75
54. History	315
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,925
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	790
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,010
22. Legal professions and studies	805
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175
42. Psychology	705
45. Social sciences	2,370
Business, management and public administration	10,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	820
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,260
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,745
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	885
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	380
41. Science technologies/technicians	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,615
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,075
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	380
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,445
04. Architecture and related services	370
14. Engineering	2,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	880
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	780
48. Precision production	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325
03. Natural resources and conservation	205
Health and related fields	5,460
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,945
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,635
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	975
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	435
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,515
Location of study inside Canada	25,510
Same as province or territory of residence	23,985
Different than province or territory of residence	1,525
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15,010
Americas	1,515
United States of America	815
Mexico	90
Cuba	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	50
Brazil	115
Colombia	65
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	65
Other locations of study in Americas	280
Europe	1,620
Belgium	20
France	105
Germany	50
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	15
Hungary	55
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	115
Romania	65
Russian Federation	105
Ukraine	40
Ireland⁹⁶	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	585
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Italy	50
Serbia⁸⁶	30
Other locations of study in Europe	265
Africa	870
Nigeria	140
Algeria	10
Morocco	30
Tunisia	0
Egypt	35
South Africa, Republic of	30
Other locations of study in Africa	625
Asia	10,900
Iran⁸⁸	135
Iraq	20
Israel	10
Lebanon	15
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	60
China⁹⁰	570
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
Japan	155
Korea, South⁹²	90
Philippines	2,775
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	3,175
Sri Lanka	225
India	2,225
Pakistan	720
Other locations of study in Asia	635
Oceania	115
Australia	105
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,970
In the labour force	55,025
Employed	46,020
Unemployed	9,005
Not in the labour force	36,945
Participation rate	59.8
Employment rate	50.0
Unemployment rate	16.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,970
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,510
Worked	52,455
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,195
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,025
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,650
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,380
Employee	45,170
Permanent position	37,480
Temporary position	7,690
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,715
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,980
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,210
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,025
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,650
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,380
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,400
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,705
3 Health occupations	3,960
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,025
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,065
6 Sales and service occupations	14,295
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,825
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,155
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,025
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,650
All industries¹⁹¹	52,380
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50
22 Utilities	230
23 Construction	2,995
31-33 Manufacturing	3,320
41 Wholesale trade	1,345
44-45 Retail trade	5,435
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,220
51 Information and cultural industries	1,815
52 Finance and insurance	3,820
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,425
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,185
55 Management of companies and enterprises	275
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,195
61 Educational services	3,680
62 Health care and social assistance	6,920
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,040
72 Accommodation and food services	3,860
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,230
91 Public administration	2,225
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,925
English	54,465
French	165
Non-official language	405
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	405
English and French	810
English and non-official language(s)	1,970
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,925
Single responses	57,345
Official languages	56,550
English	56,240
French	310
Non-official languages	795
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	55
Amharic	10
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	95
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	90
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	225
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	145
Indo-Aryan languages	120
Bengali	85
Gujarati	0
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275
Chinese languages	275
Hakka	0
Mandarin	125
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	585
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	400
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,925
None	55,530
English	460
French	510
Non-official language	1,145
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,135
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	40
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	190
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,020
Worked at home	13,180
Worked outside Canada	155
No fixed workplace address	6,420
Usual place of work	26,260
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,265
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,840
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,370
Commute to a different province or territory	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,685
Car, truck or van	20,225
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,980
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,245
Public transit	10,045
Walked	1,245
Bicycle	185
Other method	985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,685
Less than 15 minutes	5,015
15 to 29 minutes	8,230
30 to 44 minutes	9,420
45 to 59 minutes	5,240
60 minutes and over	4,780
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,685
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,305
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,080
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,315
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,685
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,335
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,985
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,355
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,005
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	545
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,815

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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