Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Simcoe--GreyMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	151,784	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	129,944	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	69,152	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	59,542	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	81.7	...	...	81.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,856.92	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	151,785	74,700	77,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,210	12,345	11,865	16.0	16.5	15.4
0 to 4 years	7,760	3,915	3,845	5.1	5.2	5.0
5 to 9 years	8,220	4,170	4,050	5.4	5.6	5.3
10 to 14 years	8,235	4,260	3,975	5.4	5.7	5.2
15 to 64 years	92,850	46,120	46,725	61.2	61.7	60.6
15 to 19 years	7,565	3,870	3,700	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,205	3,835	3,370	4.7	5.1	4.4
25 to 29 years	7,905	4,055	3,850	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	9,495	4,730	4,765	6.3	6.3	6.2
35 to 39 years	9,790	4,885	4,910	6.4	6.5	6.4
40 to 44 years	8,630	4,280	4,345	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	8,880	4,385	4,495	5.9	5.9	5.8
50 to 54 years	9,595	4,670	4,925	6.3	6.3	6.4
55 to 59 years	11,925	5,765	6,160	7.9	7.7	8.0
60 to 64 years	11,860	5,655	6,210	7.8	7.6	8.1
65 years and over	34,725	16,235	18,490	22.9	21.7	24.0
65 to 69 years	10,535	4,985	5,550	6.9	6.7	7.2
70 to 74 years	9,575	4,510	5,065	6.3	6.0	6.6
75 to 79 years	6,625	3,185	3,440	4.4	4.3	4.5
80 to 84 years	4,185	1,985	2,200	2.8	2.7	2.9
85 years and over	3,805	1,570	2,235	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,435	1,045	1,390	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,115	465	650	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	225	55	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.5	15.4	16.0	16.5	15.4
15 to 64 years	61.2	61.7	60.6	61.2	61.7	60.6
65 years and over	22.9	21.7	24.0	22.9	21.7	24.0
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	44.1	43.2	44.9	44.1	43.2	44.9
Median age of the population	45.6	44.4	46.8	45.6	44.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	59,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	44,775	...	...	75.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,035	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	4,870	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,200	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,685	...	...	7.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	620	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	240	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,085	...	...	23.7	...	...
2 persons	22,415	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 persons	9,105	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	8,745	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	5,190	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	127,575	62,355	65,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	79,555	39,740	39,820	62.4	63.7	61.1
Married	65,180	32,580	32,595	51.1	52.2	50.0
Living common-law	14,380	7,160	7,225	11.3	11.5	11.1
Living common law - Never married	9,190	4,595	4,590	7.2	7.4	7.0
Living common law - Separated	980	515	470	0.8	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	3,655	1,820	1,835	2.9	2.9	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	560	230	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	48,015	22,615	25,400	37.6	36.3	38.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,880	16,055	12,820	22.6	25.7	19.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,915	1,720	2,200	3.1	2.8	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,540	3,055	4,480	5.9	4.9	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,680	1,780	5,895	6.0	2.9	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	45,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,410	...	...	53.7	...	...
3 persons	9,265	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	8,440	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,310	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	45,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	39,155	...	...	86.2	...	...
Married couples	31,970	...	...	70.4	...	...
With children⁶	15,445	...	...	34.0	...	...
Without children	16,525	...	...	36.4	...	...
Common-law couples	7,185	...	...	15.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,010	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	4,175	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,265	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,745	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,525	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	128,035	63,765	64,270	85.4	86.3	84.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	78,310	39,090	39,220	52.2	52.9	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,270	1,520	4,745	4.2	2.1	6.2
Children⁶	43,455	23,150	20,305	29.0	31.3	26.7
In a two-parent family	33,685	17,735	15,950	22.5	24.0	21.0
In a one-parent family	9,770	5,420	4,350	6.5	7.3	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,945	10,150	11,795	14.6	13.7	15.5
Living alone	14,085	6,245	7,840	9.4	8.4	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	3,465	1,435	2,025	2.3	1.9	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,470	1,930	2.9	3.3	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	59,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,005	...	...	65.5	...	...
Couple-family households	34,580	...	...	58.1	...	...
With children⁶	16,155	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	18,420	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,425	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,245	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,970	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,770	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	14,085	...	...	23.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	125,795	61,585	64,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,400	59,870	62,535	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	37,200	43,200	50,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,485	59,915	62,575	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,110	55,485	55,630	88.3	90.1	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,000	27,800	36,400	46,000	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,610	45,195	41,415	68.9	73.4	64.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,400	29,800	37,200	46,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,615	53,305	57,310	87.9	86.6	89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,200	12,000	10,200	8,200	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,100	4,850	6,250	8.8	7.9	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,720	5,600	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,990	16,195	17,800	27.0	26.3	27.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	125,810	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,470	59,835	62,635	97.3	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	65,000	47,320	55,950	65,000	47,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,540	59,880	62,665	97.4	97.2	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	52,350	40,200	46,160	52,350	40,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,230	55,475	55,755	88.4	90.1	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	60,450	40,360	50,360	60,450	40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,610	44,980	41,630	68.8	73.0	64.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	57,200	40,160	49,000	57,200	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,435	53,170	57,265	87.8	86.3	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	10,120	12,430	11,320	10,120	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,915	4,835	6,075	8.7	7.9	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,140	7,060	6,650	6,140	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,905	16,320	17,580	26.9	26.5	27.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	8,510	9,120	8,820	8,510	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	125,815	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,040	23,405	17,635	32.6	38.0	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	71,000	56,800	64,500	71,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,400	83,100	65,200	75,400	83,100	65,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,430	15,430	17,995	26.6	25.1	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,200	16,400	18,400	21,200	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,480	33,800	23,920	28,480	33,800	23,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	86.2	76.0	81.8	86.2	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.9	66.2	56.4	61.9	66.2	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	13.8	24.0	18.2	13.8	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.4	5.0	3.9	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	125,800	61,585	64,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,400	1,720	1,675	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	122,405	59,865	62,535	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,725	3,490	5,235	7.1	5.8	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	14,295	5,615	8,685	11.7	9.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	18,395	7,565	10,825	15.0	12.6	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,210	6,435	8,775	12.4	10.7	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	13,755	6,280	7,475	11.2	10.5	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,480	5,580	5,900	9.4	9.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	9,470	5,085	4,380	7.7	8.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	7,600	4,540	3,055	6.2	7.6	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,635	3,515	2,120	4.6	5.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,375	2,750	1,625	3.6	4.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	13,465	9,010	4,455	11.0	15.1	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	9,190	5,940	3,250	7.5	9.9	5.2
$150,000 and over	4,275	3,070	1,205	3.5	5.1	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	125,800	61,585	64,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,315	1,670	1,640	2.6	2.7	2.6
With after-tax income	122,485	59,910	62,570	97.4	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,465	3,730	5,735	7.7	6.2	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	15,080	5,930	9,150	12.3	9.9	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	20,730	8,565	12,160	16.9	14.3	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	18,020	7,960	10,060	14.7	13.3	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	16,110	7,720	8,395	13.2	12.9	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	12,650	6,770	5,880	10.3	11.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	9,675	5,775	3,895	7.9	9.6	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,620	4,180	2,445	5.4	7.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,865	2,915	1,950	4.0	4.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,795	1,820	975	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,480	4,540	1,935	5.3	7.6	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,190	2,205	985	2.6	3.7	1.6
$125,000 and over	3,290	2,340	945	2.7	3.9	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	125,800	61,585	64,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	39,185	16,390	22,800	31.1	26.6	35.5
With employment income	86,615	45,200	41,415	68.9	73.4	64.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,305	6,375	6,930	15.4	14.1	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	6,885	2,935	3,955	7.9	6.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,095	4,355	5,740	11.7	9.6	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,625	3,405	4,220	8.8	7.5	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,410	3,380	4,025	8.6	7.5	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,395	3,470	3,925	8.5	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,500	3,375	3,125	7.5	7.5	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,790	3,380	2,405	6.7	7.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	3,130	1,735	5.6	6.9	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,885	2,560	1,325	4.5	5.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,310	2,040	1,270	3.8	4.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	9,545	6,785	2,755	11.0	15.0	6.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,820	3,265	1,560	5.6	7.2	3.8
$125,000 and over	4,720	3,520	1,200	5.4	7.8	2.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	125,795	61,585	64,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,650	58,985	61,665	95.9	95.8	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,400	35,200	41,600	50,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,725	58,995	61,730	96.0	95.8	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	32,000	37,200	44,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,370	55,040	55,330	87.7	89.4	86.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	47,600	30,200	38,000	47,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,310	45,415	41,895	69.4	73.7	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	32,000	39,200	48,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,470	50,230	54,245	83.0	81.6	84.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	1,500	7,300	4,640	1,500	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,745	3,745	5,000	7.0	6.1	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,880	5,640	5,480	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	125,810	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,720	58,905	61,815	96.0	95.7	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	63,600	44,880	54,000	63,600	44,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,785	58,910	61,880	96.0	95.7	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	50,440	38,000	44,080	50,440	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,385	54,990	55,395	87.7	89.3	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	61,650	41,120	51,350	61,650	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,465	45,280	42,190	69.5	73.5	65.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,520	59,200	41,160	50,520	59,200	41,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,290	49,940	54,360	82.9	81.1	84.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,150	9,110	8,170	7,150	9,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,680	3,775	4,905	6.9	6.1	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	6,490	8,220	7,470	6,490	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	125,815	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,665	23,165	17,500	32.3	37.6	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	69,500	52,800	62,000	69,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,100	81,800	61,500	73,100	81,800	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,895	14,725	17,170	25.4	23.9	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,000	21,400	24,200	29,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	41,360	29,120	34,760	41,360	29,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.4	82.2	87.0	90.4	82.2
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.6	62.6	67.8	71.6	62.6
Government transfers (%)	13.1	9.5	17.9	13.1	9.5	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	59,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	59,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,250	...	...	58,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,320	...	...	48,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	59,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	825	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,495	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,680	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,770	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,955	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,975	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,975	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,990	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,875	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,655	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,925	...	...	46.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,135	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,250	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,235	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,305	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	59,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	880	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,595	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,905	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,710	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,045	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,375	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,215	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,890	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,935	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,575	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,220	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,170	...	...	37.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,475	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,560	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,135	...	...	13.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	44,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,480	8,715	9,765	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	46,000	40,400	42,800	46,000	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,400	36,800	38,400	40,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	44,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,470	8,590	9,880	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300	55,950	52,850	54,300	55,950	52,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,360	45,960	44,880	45,360	45,960	44,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,790	14,670	14,120	19.2	19.8	18.6
0 to 5 years	9,385	4,755	4,630	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	87,645	43,390	44,260	58.4	58.7	58.2
65 years and over	33,540	15,855	17,690	22.4	21.5	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,845	5,060	5,785	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,260	1,135	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	725	390	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,815	2,830	2,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,775	1,100	1,675	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	6.9	7.6	7.2	6.9	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.7	7.9	7.8	7.7	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	8.2	7.3	7.7	8.2	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.5	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.8
65 years and over (%)	8.3	6.9	9.5	8.3	6.9	9.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,785	14,670	14,115	19.2	19.8	18.6
0 to 5 years	9,380	4,750	4,630	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	87,650	43,390	44,255	58.4	58.7	58.2
65 years and over	33,545	15,855	17,690	22.4	21.5	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,195	1,700	1,500	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	495	255	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	85	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,340	1,265	1,070	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	175	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.7	2.9	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	66,345	31,905	34,445	44.2	43.2	45.3
In bottom decile	9,435	4,630	4,810	6.3	6.3	6.3
In second decile	12,240	5,565	6,675	8.2	7.5	8.8
In third decile	14,120	6,665	7,460	9.4	9.0	9.8
In fourth decile	14,880	7,255	7,620	9.9	9.8	10.0
In fifth decile	15,675	7,795	7,880	10.5	10.5	10.4
In top half of the distribution	83,630	42,010	41,625	55.8	56.8	54.7
In sixth decile	16,640	8,195	8,450	11.1	11.1	11.1
In seventh decile	17,075	8,525	8,550	11.4	11.5	11.2
In eighth decile	17,500	8,735	8,765	11.7	11.8	11.5
In ninth decile	16,960	8,680	8,280	11.3	11.7	10.9
In top decile	15,455	7,870	7,580	10.3	10.6	10.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	149,980	...	...	149,980	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	150,760	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	140,605	69,960	70,645	93.3	94.1	92.4
French only	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	9,275	4,005	5,270	6.2	5.4	6.9
Neither English nor French	770	300	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	150,760	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	147,310	72,725	74,580	97.7	97.9	97.6
French	2,440	1,190	1,245	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	270	110	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	745	285	460	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	150,760	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	147,615	72,800	74,810	97.9	98.0	97.9
Official languages	131,175	64,835	66,335	87.0	87.2	86.8
English	128,615	63,600	65,015	85.3	85.6	85.0
French	2,560	1,235	1,325	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official languages	16,440	7,965	8,480	10.9	10.7	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,430	7,960	8,470	10.9	10.7	11.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	385	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	380	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	390	185	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	330	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	155	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	530	170	355	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	150	300	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	530	275	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	430	220	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,755	6,280	6,470	8.5	8.5	8.5
Albanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,140	1,490	1,650	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	2,940	1,395	1,545	2.0	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,240	580	660	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	725	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,180	975	1,210	1.4	1.3	1.6
Frisian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,370	590	780	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	1,320	575	745	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	655	320	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	610	305	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,785	950	840	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,435	760	670	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	220	115	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	165	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	730	390	340	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	355	185	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	3.6	3.7	3.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,325	1,265	1,060	1.5	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	1,300	650	650	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,550	735	815	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	205	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	480	205	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	80	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	475	210	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	290	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,150	1,515	1,635	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	625	260	360	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,250	1,130	1,120	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	150,760	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	134,180	66,360	67,820	89.0	89.3	88.7
French	650	305	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	2,905	1,395	1,515	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,905	1,395	1,515	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	1,610	735	880	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	10,780	5,235	5,545	7.2	7.0	7.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	280	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	150,760	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	148,515	73,250	75,260	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	142,510	70,300	72,210	94.5	94.6	94.5
English	141,600	69,860	71,740	93.9	94.0	93.8
French	915	440	475	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	6,000	2,950	3,050	4.0	4.0	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,995	2,950	3,050	4.0	4.0	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	235	110	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	360	185	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	305	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,175	2,045	2,130	2.8	2.8	2.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,220	585	635	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,185	570	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	480	235	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	470	235	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	585	555	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	910	475	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	495	255	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,575	770	810	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	445	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	380	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	710	345	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,250	1,065	1,185	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	295	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,870	915	960	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	150,765	74,315	76,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,675	68,970	70,700	92.6	92.8	92.5
English	2,740	1,385	1,355	1.8	1.9	1.8
French	1,115	505	610	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	6,145	2,945	3,200	4.1	4.0	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,130	2,930	3,195	4.1	3.9	4.2
English and French	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	215	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	490	240	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	149,195	73,590	75,605	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	149,100	73,535	75,565	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	9,245	3,905	5,340	6.2	5.3	7.0
Non-official languages	22,800	11,115	11,690	15.2	15.0	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,770	11,100	11,670	15.2	15.0	15.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,255	680	575	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,240	670	575	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	705	390	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	555	305	245	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	420	240	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	200	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	400	175	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	755	275	480	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	710	250	460	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	605	320	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	520	280	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,875	8,810	9,070	11.9	11.9	11.9
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,715	1,790	1,925	2.5	2.4	2.5
Baltic languages	240	110	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	3,500	1,680	1,820	2.3	2.3	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,535	740	795	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	970	460	515	0.6	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	410	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	180	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	410	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,020	1,265	1,760	2.0	1.7	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,055	890	1,165	1.4	1.2	1.5
German	2,025	885	1,140	1.4	1.2	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	905	365	540	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	800	335	465	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	370	200	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,480	1,325	1,155	1.7	1.8	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,040	1,085	950	1.4	1.5	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	410	235	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	820	435	380	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	995	540	460	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	490	280	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	490	270	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	360	195	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,630	4,390	4,240	5.8	5.9	5.6
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,770	1,995	1,780	2.5	2.7	2.3
Portuguese	1,935	1,000	940	1.3	1.4	1.2
Romanian	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,100	1,460	1,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	295	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	175	60	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	305	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	665	305	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	435	185	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	495	235	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	290	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,680	1,830	1,850	2.5	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,455	1,725	1,730	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	955	985	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	1,460	755	705	1.0	1.0	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	146,295	72,085	74,210	97.5	97.5	97.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	940	465	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	149,045	73,450	75,595	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	49,175	...	...	82.6	...	...
Renter	10,365	...	...	17.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,110	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	52,430	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,230	...	...	5.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,310	...	...	19.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,175	...	...	42.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,725	...	...	33.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,305	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,535	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	10,380	...	...	17.4	...	...
7 rooms	9,435	...	...	15.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,890	...	...	36.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,030	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	57,725	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,815	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,125	...	...	15.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,305	...	...	20.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,380	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,110	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,475	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,355	...	...	9.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,290	...	...	8.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,510	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,565	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,980	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,380	...	...	44.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,705	...	...	51.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,465	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	535	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,275	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,090	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,910	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,250	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,615	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,540	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,330	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,370	...	...	78.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,510	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,340	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	59,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,030	...	...	26.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,375	...	...	19.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,390	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,020	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	820	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,510	...	...	73.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,800	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	52,910	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	48,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7	...	...	58.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	801,000	...	...	801,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6	...	...	38.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.9	...	...	21.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,442	...	...	1,442	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,135	525	610	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,095	520	575	0.7	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	765	355	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	310	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,230	2,085	2,150	2.8	2.8	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,120	2,045	2,070	2.7	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,010	1,460	1,550	2.0	2.0	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,050	560	490	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	144,610	71,310	73,305	96.4	96.5	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	145,560	71,710	73,850	97.1	97.0	97.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,285	14,480	13,800	18.9	19.6	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	117,280	57,230	60,045	78.2	77.4	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,415	2,205	2,215	2.9	3.0	2.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	126,935	62,745	64,190	84.6	84.9	84.4
Immigrants⁸¹	22,405	10,750	11,660	14.9	14.5	15.3
Before 1980	9,715	4,735	4,980	6.5	6.4	6.5
1980 to 1990	3,215	1,520	1,695	2.1	2.1	2.2
1991 to 2000	3,315	1,615	1,700	2.2	2.2	2.2
2001 to 2010	3,425	1,600	1,825	2.3	2.2	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,740	1,285	1,460	1.8	1.7	1.9
2011 to 2015	1,360	620	740	0.9	0.8	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,385	660	720	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	635	425	215	0.4	0.6	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,405	10,750	11,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,880	1,400	1,475	12.9	13.0	12.7
5 to 14 years	5,190	2,605	2,590	23.2	24.2	22.2
15 to 24 years	5,480	2,680	2,795	24.5	24.9	24.0
25 to 44 years	7,645	3,520	4,130	34.1	32.7	35.4
45 years and over	1,210	540	670	5.4	5.0	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,405	10,750	11,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,820	1,730	2,090	17.0	16.1	17.9
Brazil	145	55	95	0.6	0.5	0.8
Colombia	160	65	95	0.7	0.6	0.8
El Salvador	100	65	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
Guyana	350	165	185	1.6	1.5	1.6
Haiti	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	660	280	380	2.9	2.6	3.3
Mexico	105	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	115	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	265	125	140	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	900	355	545	4.0	3.3	4.7
Other places of birth in Americas	1,000	515	485	4.5	4.8	4.2
Europe	12,735	6,185	6,555	56.8	57.5	56.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatia	130	50	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
France	155	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	945	420	520	4.2	3.9	4.5
Greece	135	80	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hungary	165	90	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italy	1,495	845	650	6.7	7.9	5.6
Netherlands	595	280	320	2.7	2.6	2.7
Poland	1,070	485	580	4.8	4.5	5.0
Portugal	900	510	385	4.0	4.7	3.3
Romania	275	130	150	1.2	1.2	1.3
Russian Federation	325	160	165	1.5	1.5	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	70	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	270	125	145	1.2	1.2	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,685	2,185	2,495	20.9	20.3	21.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,430	655	780	6.4	6.1	6.7
Africa	670	315	355	3.0	2.9	3.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	150	70	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	300	150	145	1.3	1.4	1.2
Asia	5,015	2,430	2,590	22.4	22.6	22.2
Afghanistan	200	110	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	135	85	50	0.6	0.8	0.4
Iraq	565	320	245	2.5	3.0	2.1
Lebanon	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	125	70	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Turkey	75	55	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
China⁹⁰	300	125	170	1.3	1.2	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	200	95	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Taiwan	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	735	265	470	3.3	2.5	4.0
Viet Nam	285	125	155	1.3	1.2	1.3
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	970	480	490	4.3	4.5	4.2
Pakistan	290	155	135	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sri Lanka	345	155	185	1.5	1.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	550	270	280	2.5	2.5	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	160	85	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,385	665	720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	265	130	140	19.1	19.5	19.4
Brazil	35	0	25	2.5	0.0	3.5
Colombia	30	15	15	2.2	2.3	2.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	15	2.2	2.3	2.1
Mexico	30	10	20	2.2	1.5	2.8
United States of America	65	35	30	4.7	5.3	4.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	45	25	5.1	6.8	3.5
Europe	290	155	135	20.9	23.3	18.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	1.8	1.5	2.1
Ukraine	30	10	15	2.2	1.5	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	75	25	6.9	11.3	3.5
Other places of birth in Europe	110	45	70	7.9	6.8	9.7
Africa	60	25	35	4.3	3.8	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	1.1	1.5	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	1.4	1.5	1.4
Asia	740	335	405	53.4	50.4	56.3
Afghanistan	30	10	15	2.2	1.5	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.8	0.0	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	90	105	14.4	13.5	14.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	85	45	45	6.1	6.8	6.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	2.2	1.5	2.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	10	20	2.5	1.5	2.8
Philippines	130	45	80	9.4	6.8	11.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	100	60	40	7.2	9.0	5.6
Turkey	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	20	2.2	2.3	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	30	20	10	2.2	3.0	1.4
Australia	30	20	10	2.2	3.0	1.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,350	11,810	12,540	16.2	16.0	16.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	31,345	15,550	15,790	20.9	21.0	20.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	94,280	46,550	47,735	62.9	63.0	62.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,690	6,015	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,220	2,505	2,715	41.1	41.6	40.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,095	1,215	875	16.5	20.2	13.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,130	1,290	1,840	24.7	21.4	27.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,720	2,000	2,720	37.2	33.3	40.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,550	1,395	1,150	20.1	23.2	17.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	200	110	90	1.6	1.8	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,690	6,015	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	895	505	390	7.1	8.4	5.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,615	815	800	12.7	13.5	12.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	270	135	135	2.1	2.2	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	485	180	305	3.8	3.0	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	45	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,320	4,330	4,990	73.4	72.0	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,615	7,190	7,420	9.7	9.7	9.8
South Asian	3,435	1,760	1,680	2.3	2.4	2.2
Chinese	895	385	510	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	3,195	1,625	1,570	2.1	2.2	2.1
Filipino	1,130	460	670	0.8	0.6	0.9
Arab	710	395	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	1,790	910	880	1.2	1.2	1.2
Southeast Asian	755	350	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	740	375	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	410	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	165	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	680	295	390	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	720	395	325	0.5	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	135,370	66,725	68,645	90.3	90.3	90.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	26,100	12,925	13,165	17.4	17.5	17.3
English	41,455	19,940	21,515	27.6	27.0	28.3
Irish	33,085	15,895	17,190	22.1	21.5	22.6
Scottish	32,645	15,695	16,950	21.8	21.2	22.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,530	5,010	5,520	7.0	6.8	7.3
German	13,885	6,775	7,110	9.3	9.2	9.3
Chinese	1,205	530	675	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italian	13,600	6,960	6,635	9.1	9.4	8.7
Indian (India)	1,960	1,020	940	1.3	1.4	1.2
Ukrainian	4,190	2,095	2,095	2.8	2.8	2.8
Dutch	7,150	3,425	3,715	4.8	4.6	4.9
Polish	5,565	2,800	2,765	3.7	3.8	3.6
Québécois	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	8,125	4,030	4,095	5.4	5.5	5.4
Filipino	1,105	455	645	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	1,770	770	1,005	1.2	1.0	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,925	1,465	1,460	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,535	715	815	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	1,515	765	755	1.0	1.0	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,320	1,160	1,160	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	1,595	760	835	1.1	1.0	1.1
Norwegian	740	355	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	3,050	1,465	1,585	2.0	2.0	2.1
Portuguese	3,690	1,830	1,865	2.5	2.5	2.5
American	1,630	805	825	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	1,355	655	705	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	880	425	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungarian	1,400	690	710	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	500	220	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	380	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	580	290	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	900	450	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	355	190	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	470	230	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	1,255	635	620	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	1,215	570	635	0.8	0.8	0.8
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	315	125	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	425	210	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	585	280	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	670	235	435	0.4	0.3	0.6
Danish	840	385	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	695	340	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,060	470	590	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	525	250	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	205	120	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	290	175	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	555	260	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	735	375	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	640	295	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	275	100	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	375	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	535	265	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	330	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	295	165	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	170	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	235	105	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	620	340	280	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	565	275	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afghan	290	170	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	240	105	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	470	220	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	550	260	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,205	610	595	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	510	240	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Turkish	215	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	310	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	170	110	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	365	185	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	445	265	180	0.3	0.4	0.2
Salvadorean	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	330	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	425	175	250	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	205	125	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	615	305	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	445	250	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	425	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	195	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	360	125	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	275	165	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	205	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	185	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	149,980	73,915	76,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	645	275	370	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	86,605	40,635	45,970	57.7	55.0	60.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,120	5,360	5,765	7.4	7.3	7.6
Anabaptist	225	110	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	9,325	4,070	5,255	6.2	5.5	6.9
Baptist	1,775	875	900	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catholic	38,590	18,660	19,935	25.7	25.2	26.2
Christian Orthodox	1,545	805	740	1.0	1.1	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	735	335	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,300	550	750	0.9	0.7	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	450	190	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,740	785	965	1.2	1.1	1.3
Presbyterian	4,965	2,230	2,730	3.3	3.0	3.6
Reformed	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	10,360	4,590	5,770	6.9	6.2	7.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,005	1,840	2,160	2.7	2.5	2.8
Hindu	1,335	700	635	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jewish	715	365	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	1,575	810	765	1.1	1.1	1.0
Sikh	755	395	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	760	290	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	57,525	30,400	27,125	38.4	41.1	35.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	148,575	73,240	75,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	130,265	64,220	66,045	87.7	87.7	87.7
Movers	18,305	9,015	9,290	12.3	12.3	12.3
Non-migrants	5,240	2,635	2,610	3.5	3.6	3.5
Migrants	13,070	6,385	6,680	8.8	8.7	8.9
Internal migrants	12,765	6,200	6,565	8.6	8.5	8.7
Intraprovincial migrants	12,155	5,915	6,235	8.2	8.1	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	610	280	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	300	185	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	142,245	70,055	72,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,160	39,575	40,585	56.4	56.5	56.2
Movers	62,085	30,475	31,605	43.6	43.5	43.8
Non-migrants	12,035	5,780	6,255	8.5	8.3	8.7
Migrants	50,050	24,695	25,350	35.2	35.3	35.1
Internal migrants	48,535	23,890	24,650	34.1	34.1	34.1
Intraprovincial migrants	45,760	22,470	23,290	32.2	32.1	32.3
Interprovincial migrants	2,775	1,420	1,360	2.0	2.0	1.9
External migrants	1,515	810	705	1.1	1.2	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	125,815	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,510	12,545	9,965	17.9	20.4	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	103,305	49,035	54,265	82.1	79.6	84.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,585	38,105	39,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,385	5,775	3,610	12.1	15.2	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,205	32,335	35,870	87.9	84.9	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	125,810	61,580	64,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,925	10,810	9,115	15.8	17.6	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	41,145	20,650	20,495	32.7	33.5	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,740	30,120	34,620	51.5	48.9	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40,820	20,040	20,785	32.4	32.5	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,700	6,660	2,040	6.9	10.8	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,880	2,495	1,385	3.1	4.1	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,820	4,155	660	3.8	6.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,805	12,415	17,390	23.7	20.2	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,315	970	1,350	1.8	1.6	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,925	10,080	13,845	19.0	16.4	21.6
Bachelor's degree	17,160	7,050	10,110	13.6	11.4	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,805	755	1,045	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570	320	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	4,020	1,765	2,255	3.2	2.9	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,590	38,105	39,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,995	4,865	3,130	10.3	12.8	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,900	12,635	11,260	30.8	33.2	28.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,690	20,600	25,090	58.9	54.1	63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,030	14,170	14,860	37.4	37.2	37.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,760	4,375	1,385	7.4	11.5	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,505	1,590	910	3.2	4.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,260	2,785	470	4.2	7.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,825	9,200	12,620	28.1	24.1	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,445	595	855	1.9	1.6	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,660	6,430	10,230	21.5	16.9	25.9
Bachelor's degree	12,180	4,675	7,505	15.7	12.3	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	450	740	1.5	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	140	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,735	1,055	1,680	3.5	2.8	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	125,815	61,580	64,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	61,070	31,460	29,610	48.5	51.1	46.1
Education	4,210	855	3,350	3.3	1.4	5.2
13. Education	4,210	855	3,350	3.3	1.4	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,490	985	1,505	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	250	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,190	740	1,455	1.7	1.2	2.3
Humanities	3,070	1,065	2,005	2.4	1.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	15	195	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	865	200	670	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	845	285	560	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	170	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	530	250	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	20	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,285	2,325	5,960	6.6	3.8	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	385	565	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,735	105	1,630	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,315	320	995	1.0	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,310	255	1,055	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,670	1,165	1,510	2.1	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	12,905	4,955	7,945	10.3	8.0	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,020	150	865	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,860	4,780	7,080	9.4	7.8	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,950	895	1,055	1.5	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	680	235	450	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630	315	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	450	295	160	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,870	1,140	730	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,370	925	445	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	125	0	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	350	195	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,630	12,715	915	10.8	20.6	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	530	355	175	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,930	1,610	320	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,045	2,770	275	2.4	4.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,270	3,235	40	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,265	3,210	55	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,585	1,535	50	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,755	980	775	1.4	1.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,265	710	555	1.0	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	270	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	9,705	1,505	8,200	7.7	2.4	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,235	505	735	1.0	0.8	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,330	935	7,395	6.6	1.5	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,845	2,695	2,150	3.9	4.4	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,290	705	1,585	1.8	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,605	1,125	480	1.3	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	785	85	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,585	38,105	39,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,895	17,500	14,390	41.1	45.9	36.4
Education	2,545	470	2,070	3.3	1.2	5.2
13. Education	2,545	470	2,070	3.3	1.2	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,770	660	1,110	2.3	1.7	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,610	545	1,065	2.1	1.4	2.7
Humanities	1,950	655	1,295	2.5	1.7	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	0	110	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	555	130	430	0.7	0.3	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	170	395	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,160	1,520	4,640	7.9	4.0	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	775	310	465	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,390	70	1,320	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,020	190	825	1.3	0.5	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	920	175	755	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,840	720	1,125	2.4	1.9	2.8
Business, management and public administration	9,210	3,340	5,870	11.9	8.8	14.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	800	115	690	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,380	3,200	5,185	10.8	8.4	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	540	800	1.7	1.4	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	155	335	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	185	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	280	160	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,390	875	515	1.8	2.3	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,100	760	340	1.4	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	105	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,470	8,735	735	12.2	22.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	385	245	135	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,325	1,055	270	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,895	205	2.7	5.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,285	2,250	30	2.9	5.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,265	55	3.0	5.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,060	1,015	45	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,335	675	660	1.7	1.8	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	945	480	465	1.2	1.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	195	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	6,710	1,045	5,665	8.6	2.7	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	880	330	550	1.1	0.9	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,755	695	5,055	7.4	1.8	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,795	2,080	1,715	4.9	5.5	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	510	1,230	2.2	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,340	925	415	1.7	2.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	600	70	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	77,585	38,105	39,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,895	17,500	14,390	41.1	45.9	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,690	20,600	25,090	58.9	54.1	63.5
Location of study inside Canada	41,285	18,570	22,715	53.2	48.7	57.5
Same as province or territory of residence	38,600	17,390	21,210	49.8	45.6	53.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,685	1,180	1,505	3.5	3.1	3.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,405	2,030	2,375	5.7	5.3	6.0
Americas	1,290	580	715	1.7	1.5	1.8
United States of America	955	410	545	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mexico	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	1,615	805	810	2.1	2.1	2.1
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	620	320	300	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	135	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,135	465	665	1.5	1.2	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	305	85	215	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	325	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	75	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	240	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Australia	215	85	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	125,810	61,580	64,235	...	...	...
In the labour force	76,895	40,495	36,405	...	...	...
Employed	68,555	36,855	31,700	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,340	3,640	4,710	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	48,915	21,090	27,830	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.1	65.8	56.7	61.1	65.8	56.7
Employment rate	54.5	59.8	49.4	54.5	59.8	49.4
Unemployment rate	10.8	9.0	12.9	10.8	9.0	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	125,815	61,580	64,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,935	20,870	27,060	38.1	33.9	42.1
Worked	77,880	40,710	37,170	61.9	66.1	57.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,285	24,165	18,120	33.6	39.2	28.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,600	16,545	19,055	28.3	26.9	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.5	40.3	41.5	42.5	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	76,895	40,490	36,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	710	770	1.9	1.8	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	75,415	39,780	35,635	98.1	98.2	97.9
Employee	62,015	31,845	30,175	80.6	78.6	82.9
Permanent position	53,345	27,625	25,720	69.4	68.2	70.6
Temporary position	8,665	4,215	4,450	11.3	10.4	12.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,500	1,140	1,360	3.3	2.8	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,170	3,075	3,090	8.0	7.6	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,400	7,940	5,460	17.4	19.6	15.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	76,895	40,490	36,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	710	770	1.9	1.8	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	75,415	39,780	35,635	98.1	98.2	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,100	770	325	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,680	3,140	8,540	15.2	7.8	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,095	3,160	935	5.3	7.8	2.6
3 Health occupations	4,910	750	4,165	6.4	1.9	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,370	2,835	5,535	10.9	7.0	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,135	895	1,245	2.8	2.2	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	18,760	7,565	11,200	24.4	18.7	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,665	15,090	1,575	21.7	37.3	4.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,695	1,995	705	3.5	4.9	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,005	3,590	1,415	6.5	8.9	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	76,895	40,490	36,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	710	770	1.9	1.8	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	75,415	39,780	35,635	98.1	98.2	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,645	1,000	640	2.1	2.5	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	135	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	455	360	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	9,110	7,910	1,200	11.8	19.5	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	9,020	6,295	2,720	11.7	15.5	7.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,425	1,565	865	3.2	3.9	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	8,530	3,630	4,900	11.1	9.0	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,430	2,355	1,075	4.5	5.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,055	585	470	1.4	1.4	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	2,105	795	1,310	2.7	2.0	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,790	840	945	2.3	2.1	2.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,750	2,405	2,345	6.2	5.9	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,955	2,210	1,740	5.1	5.5	4.8
61 Educational services	4,725	1,120	3,600	6.1	2.8	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,535	1,120	6,415	9.8	2.8	17.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,690	900	795	2.2	2.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,760	2,060	2,700	6.2	5.1	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,095	1,495	1,605	4.0	3.7	4.4
91 Public administration	5,010	2,920	2,090	6.5	7.2	5.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	83,045	43,300	39,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	80,570	42,185	38,390	97.0	97.4	96.6
French	185	25	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,240	555	680	1.5	1.3	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	800	415	380	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	83,045	43,300	39,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,715	43,155	39,565	99.6	99.7	99.5
Official languages	82,355	42,940	39,415	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	82,035	42,880	39,150	98.8	99.0	98.5
French	325	60	265	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	360	210	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	360	210	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	150	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	175	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	83,045	43,300	39,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,255	42,460	38,795	97.8	98.1	97.6
English	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	945	450	490	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	490	225	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	470	225	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	68,555	36,855	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,055	6,585	8,470	22.0	17.9	26.7
Worked outside Canada	105	80	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,645	8,145	2,500	15.5	22.1	7.9
Usual place of work	42,745	22,045	20,700	62.4	59.8	65.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,745	22,045	20,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,560	7,870	8,690	38.7	35.7	42.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,565	6,515	7,040	31.7	29.6	34.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,520	7,595	4,925	29.3	34.5	23.8
Commute to a different province or territory	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,390	30,195	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	49,740	28,570	21,170	93.2	94.6	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	46,370	26,900	19,465	86.9	89.1	83.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,370	1,670	1,705	6.3	5.5	7.4
Public transit	330	150	180	0.6	0.5	0.8
Walked	1,970	815	1,155	3.7	2.7	5.0
Bicycle	340	215	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	1,015	440	575	1.9	1.5	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,390	30,195	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,730	8,175	8,560	31.3	27.1	36.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,570	6,955	6,615	25.4	23.0	28.5
30 to 44 minutes	8,825	5,055	3,770	16.5	16.7	16.3
45 to 59 minutes	5,680	3,785	1,895	10.6	12.5	8.2
60 minutes and over	8,580	6,220	2,360	16.1	20.6	10.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,390	30,195	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,365	4,840	1,525	11.9	16.0	6.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,505	6,995	3,510	19.7	23.2	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,550	7,005	5,545	23.5	23.2	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,060	4,255	5,800	18.8	14.1	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,790	2,260	3,525	10.8	7.5	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,125	4,845	3,280	15.2	16.0	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,305	14,945	14,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,510	1,275	1,240	8.6	8.5	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,795	13,670	13,125	91.4	91.5	91.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,975	10,735	10,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,875	945	935	8.9	8.8	9.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,055	525	530	5.0	4.9	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	820	425	400	3.9	4.0	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,105	9,785	9,310	91.1	91.2	90.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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