Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ThornhillMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,292
Population, 2016¹	112,719
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3
Total private dwellings²	43,889
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,843
Population density per square kilometre	1,839.8
Land area in square kilometres	62.66
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,295
0 to 14 years	16,425
0 to 4 years	4,540
5 to 9 years	5,485
10 to 14 years	6,400
15 to 64 years	75,665
15 to 19 years	7,245
20 to 24 years	7,505
25 to 29 years	7,355
30 to 34 years	6,920
35 to 39 years	6,845
40 to 44 years	6,795
45 to 49 years	7,655
50 to 54 years	8,355
55 to 59 years	8,550
60 to 64 years	8,435
65 years and over	23,205
65 to 69 years	7,210
70 to 74 years	6,445
75 to 79 years	3,820
80 to 84 years	2,815
85 years and over	2,915
85 to 89 years	1,740
90 to 94 years	900
95 to 99 years	250
100 years and over	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.6
65 years and over	20.1
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	43.1
Median age of the population	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,845
Single-detached house	20,720
Semi-detached house	1,530
Row house	4,390
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,735
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	435
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	13,030
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,845
1 person	8,775
2 persons	13,195
3 persons	7,790
4 persons	7,445
5 or more persons	4,635
Number of persons in private households	114,505
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,870
Married or living common-law	58,460
Married	54,900
Living common-law	3,555
Living common law - Never married	2,275
Living common law - Separated	175
Living common law - Divorced	995
Living common law - Widowed	115
Not married and not living common-law	40,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,850
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,240
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,315
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,000
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,275
2 persons	14,780
3 persons	8,195
4 persons	7,505
5 or more persons	2,800
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,275
Total couple families	28,330
Married couples	26,555
With children⁶	16,105
Without children	10,445
Common-law couples	1,780
With children⁶	560
Without children	1,215
Total one-parent families	4,940
in which the parent is a woman+	4,010
in which the parent is a man+	930
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,505
Total - Persons in census families	99,410
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,660
Parents in one-parent families	4,945
Children⁶	37,805
In a two-parent family	30,505
In a one-parent family	7,300
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,090
Living alone	8,775
Living with other relatives⁷	3,065
Living with non-relatives only	3,250
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,845
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,790
Couple-family households	24,045
With children⁶	14,230
Without children	9,810
One-parent-family households	3,745
Multigenerational households⁸	2,015
Multiple-census-family households⁹	430
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,505
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,320
One-person households	8,775
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,000
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,040
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,980
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,685
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,825
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,090
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,630
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,860
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,930
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,430
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,950
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,735
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,635
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,855
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,520
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,090
Without total income	4,090
With total income	94,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,820
$10,000 to $19,999	11,900
$20,000 to $29,999	14,595
$30,000 to $39,999	10,490
$40,000 to $49,999	8,365
$50,000 to $59,999	6,695
$60,000 to $69,999	5,610
$70,000 to $79,999	4,650
$80,000 to $89,999	3,870
$90,000 to $99,999	3,355
$100,000 and over	14,645
$100,000 to $149,999	8,820
$150,000 and over	5,825
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,090
Without after-tax income	4,045
With after-tax income	94,045
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,190
$10,000 to $19,999	12,525
$20,000 to $29,999	16,080
$30,000 to $39,999	11,955
$40,000 to $49,999	9,535
$50,000 to $59,999	7,530
$60,000 to $69,999	6,065
$70,000 to $79,999	4,830
$80,000 to $89,999	4,145
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775
$100,000 and over	8,420
$100,000 to $124,999	3,795
$125,000 and over	4,620
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,090
Without employment income	30,405
With employment income	67,685
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,770
$5,000 to $9,999	6,510
$10,000 to $19,999	7,365
$20,000 to $29,999	5,275
$30,000 to $39,999	4,775
$40,000 to $49,999	4,615
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385
$60,000 to $69,999	3,890
$70,000 to $79,999	3,295
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875
$90,000 to $99,999	2,800
$100,000 and over	11,135
$100,000 to $124,999	4,625
$125,000 and over	6,510
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,385
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,395
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,570
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,355
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,170
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,975
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,280
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,455
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,015
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,025
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,640
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,165
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2
Employment income (%)	73.6
Government transfers (%)	8.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,845
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,775
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,070
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,725
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	139,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	110,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,690
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,700
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,900
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,040
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	157,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,840
Under $5,000	590
$5,000 to $9,999	245
$10,000 to $14,999	395
$15,000 to $19,999	615
$20,000 to $24,999	1,230
$25,000 to $29,999	1,040
$30,000 to $34,999	1,105
$35,000 to $39,999	1,285
$40,000 to $44,999	1,180
$45,000 to $49,999	1,185
$50,000 to $59,999	2,335
$60,000 to $69,999	2,340
$70,000 to $79,999	2,225
$80,000 to $89,999	2,295
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150
$100,000 and over	21,635
$100,000 to $124,999	4,590
$125,000 to $149,999	3,795
$150,000 to $199,999	5,370
$200,000 and over	7,885
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,840
Under $5,000	695
$5,000 to $9,999	255
$10,000 to $14,999	405
$15,000 to $19,999	655
$20,000 to $24,999	1,300
$25,000 to $29,999	1,160
$30,000 to $34,999	1,260
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420
$40,000 to $44,999	1,355
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410
$50,000 to $59,999	2,710
$60,000 to $69,999	2,835
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350
$100,000 and over	18,630
$100,000 to $124,999	5,105
$125,000 to $149,999	3,975
$150,000 and over	9,555
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,330
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,125
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,710
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,460
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,025
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,345
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	156,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,145
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,615
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,520
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,990
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,500
0 to 17 years	20,775
0 to 5 years	5,595
18 to 64 years	71,205
65 years and over	22,520
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,075
0 to 17 years	2,025
0 to 5 years	640
18 to 64 years	6,115
65 years and over	2,940
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6
65 years and over (%)	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,505
0 to 17 years	20,775
0 to 5 years	5,595
18 to 64 years	71,205
65 years and over	22,520
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,780
0 to 17 years	1,205
0 to 5 years	350
18 to 64 years	4,475
65 years and over	1,095
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3
65 years and over (%)	4.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,500
In bottom half of the distribution	44,715
In bottom decile	9,990
In second decile	8,550
In third decile	8,240
In fourth decile	8,855
In fifth decile	9,080
In top half of the distribution	69,785
In sixth decile	9,915
In seventh decile	10,990
In eighth decile	12,685
In ninth decile	15,185
In top decile	21,015
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,505
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.383
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.481
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.330
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,090
English only	101,685
French only	65
English and French	8,650
Neither English nor French	4,690
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,090
English	108,250
French	1,050
English and French	1,175
Neither English nor French	4,610
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,090
Single responses	108,780
Official languages	51,100
English	50,180
French	920
Non-official languages	57,680
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,680
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,110
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,075
Amharic	20
Arabic	675
Aramaic languages	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	3,295
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650
Khmer (Cambodian)	40
Vietnamese	610
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,355
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	365
Indonesian	55
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,700
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	780
Kannada	10
Malayalam	120
Tamil	565
Telugu	85
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	155
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	32,155
Albanian	200
Armenian	280
Balto-Slavic languages	13,920
Baltic languages	80
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	60
Slavic languages	13,835
Belarusian	25
Bulgarian	125
Czech	30
Macedonian	85
Polish	365
Russian	12,295
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	390
Bosnian	25
Croatian	65
Serbian	290
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	415
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	860
Frisian	0
High German languages	780
German	305
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	470
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	490
Indo-Iranian languages	10,155
Indo-Aryan languages	2,860
Assamese	0
Bengali	195
Gujarati	960
Hindi	485
Kacchi	55
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	10
Marathi	95
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	10
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	555
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70
Urdu	395
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	7,280
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	85
Parsi	10
Pashto	20
Persian languages	7,135
Dari	200
Iranian Persian	6,190
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	745
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	6,255
Catalan	0
Italian	2,520
Portuguese	805
Romanian	915
Spanish	2,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	105
Korean	4,810
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	130
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,045
Chinese languages	10,010
Hakka	135
Mandarin	5,755
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290
Wu (Shanghainese)	85
Yue (Cantonese)	3,695
Chinese, n.o.s.	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	55
Lao	35
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	700
Azerbaijani	195
Kazakh	5
Turkish	470
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20
Uralic languages	570
Estonian	20
Finnish	35
Hungarian	515
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	6,310
English and French	300
English and non-official language(s)	4,860
French and non-official language(s)	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	185
Multiple non-official languages	830
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,090
English	55,755
French	190
Non-official language	18,275
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	18,275
English and French	820
English and non-official language(s)	36,985
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,295
Multiple non-official languages	1,740
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,090
Single responses	106,590
Official languages	71,165
English	70,870
French	295
Non-official languages	35,420
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,885
Amharic	10
Arabic	250
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	1,585
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	360
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,795
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	205
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,455
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	505
Kannada	5
Malayalam	75
Tamil	370
Telugu	55
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	18,825
Albanian	90
Armenian	120
Balto-Slavic languages	8,720
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	8,705
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	65
Czech	0
Macedonian	30
Polish	80
Russian	8,155
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	145
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	190
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	75
Frisian	0
High German languages	70
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	145
Indo-Iranian languages	7,025
Indo-Aryan languages	1,555
Assamese	0
Bengali	95
Gujarati	565
Hindi	250
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	45
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35
Urdu	210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5,470
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	5
Pashto	10
Persian languages	5,385
Dari	120
Iranian Persian	4,745
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	525
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,650
Catalan	0
Italian	765
Portuguese	395
Romanian	425
Spanish	1,060
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	3,695
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	45
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,455
Chinese languages	7,445
Hakka	70
Mandarin	4,585
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150
Wu (Shanghainese)	60
Yue (Cantonese)	2,550
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	20
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	450
Azerbaijani	90
Kazakh	0
Turkish	345
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	155
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	135
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	8,505
English and French	170
English and non-official language(s)	7,990
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	100
Multiple non-official languages	215
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,095
None	81,025
English	13,135
French	855
Non-official language	14,840
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	14,840
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	2,345
French and non-official language(s)	655
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	2,000
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,185
Official languages	109,470
English	109,435
French	8,570
Non-official languages	72,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	72,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,050
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	12,005
Amharic	35
Arabic	1,175
Aramaic languages	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10,895
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,180
Khmer (Cambodian)	80
Vietnamese	1,105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	4,395
Bikol	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	95
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	705
Indonesian	75
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30
Pangasinan	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,195
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55
Creole languages	115
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	40
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	1,440
Kannada	95
Malayalam	175
Tamil	1,115
Telugu	170
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	40,490
Albanian	300
Armenian	315
Balto-Slavic languages	16,330
Baltic languages	165
Latvian	40
Lithuanian	125
Slavic languages	16,285
Belarusian	45
Bulgarian	175
Czech	70
Macedonian	125
Polish	500
Russian	14,950
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	510
Bosnian	25
Croatian	130
Serbian	405
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	1,480
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,255
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,885
German	815
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	1,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	345
Afrikaans	250
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	785
Indo-Iranian languages	12,675
Indo-Aryan languages	4,320
Assamese	0
Bengali	265
Gujarati	1,475
Hindi	2,270
Kacchi	60
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	160
Nepali	30
Oriya languages	10
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	960
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145
Urdu	685
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	8,380
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	190
Parsi	20
Pashto	40
Persian languages	8,240
Dari	215
Iranian Persian	7,510
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Italic (Romance) languages	9,215
Catalan	0
Italian	3,725
Portuguese	1,180
Romanian	1,155
Spanish	3,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30
Japanese	260
Korean	5,395
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	465
Akan (Twi)	80
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	120
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	145
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	15
Sign languages	135
American Sign Language	135
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,975
Chinese languages	11,950
Hakka	155
Mandarin	7,960
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	405
Wu (Shanghainese)	175
Yue (Cantonese)	5,105
Chinese, n.o.s.	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65
Lao	25
Thai	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	1,380
Azerbaijani	385
Kazakh	30
Turkish	1,085
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30
Uralic languages	800
Estonian	10
Finnish	35
Hungarian	750
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	280
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	225
First Nations (North American Indian)	130
Métis	95
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55
Non-Indigenous identity	113,905
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	85
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,105
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,725
Owner	32,565
Renter	9,160
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,725
Condominium	13,945
Not condominium	27,780
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,725
No bedrooms	145
1 bedroom	5,330
2 bedrooms	8,635
3 bedrooms	10,805
4 or more bedrooms	16,810
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,725
1 to 4 rooms	13,235
5 rooms	5,715
6 rooms	5,405
7 rooms	4,665
8 or more rooms	12,710
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,725
One person or fewer per room	40,345
More than one person per room	1,375
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,725
Suitable	38,810
Not suitable	2,915
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,725
1960 or before	1,310
1961 to 1980	7,450
1981 to 1990	10,695
1991 to 2000	7,030
2001 to 2005	5,105
2006 to 2010	3,450
2011 to 2015	2,675
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,010
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,725
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,230
Major repairs needed	1,495
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,725
One-maintainer household	18,670
Two-maintainer household	20,285
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,775
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,725
15 to 24 years	695
25 to 34 years	4,055
35 to 44 years	6,335
45 to 54 years	8,395
55 to 64 years	9,230
65 to 74 years	7,630
75 to 84 years	3,760
85 years and over	1,625
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,475
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,515
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,955
30% to less than 100%	11,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,725
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,650
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,345
Not suitable only	1,815
Major repairs needed only	805
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,000
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	585
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
Acceptable housing	25,075
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,480
In core need	6,425
Not in core need	33,060
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,560
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.2
% in core housing need⁶³	12.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,116
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,020,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,203,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,165
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	53.3
% in core housing need⁶³	31.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,882
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	40
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30
Métis single ancestry	0
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	240
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,905
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,190
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,015
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,585
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	14,585
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,190
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	50,485
Immigrants⁸¹	59,625
Before 1980	10,515
1980 to 1990	8,090
1991 to 2000	14,085
2001 to 2010	14,630
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,310
2011 to 2015	6,330
2016 to 2021	5,975
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,080
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	59,625
Under 5 years	4,155
5 to 14 years	9,265
15 to 24 years	10,500
25 to 44 years	28,620
45 years and over	7,075
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	59,625
Americas	4,625
Brazil	230
Colombia	215
El Salvador	105
Guyana	485
Haiti	10
Jamaica	715
Mexico	215
Peru	155
Trinidad and Tobago	335
United States of America	1,120
Other places of birth in Americas	1,045
Europe	17,170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70
Croatia	90
France	90
Germany	405
Greece	240
Hungary	385
Italy	1,745
Netherlands	40
Poland	510
Portugal	510
Romania	890
Russian Federation	4,610
Serbia⁸⁶	165
Ukraine	3,425
United Kingdom⁸⁷	895
Other places of birth in Europe	3,100
Africa	3,150
Algeria	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Egypt	205
Eritrea	35
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	605
Nigeria	230
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,395
Other places of birth in Africa	605
Asia	34,540
Afghanistan	150
Iran⁸⁸	6,225
Iraq	280
Lebanon	120
Syria⁸⁹	95
Turkey	475
China⁹⁰	5,515
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,715
Korea, South⁹²	4,185
Taiwan	345
Philippines	4,125
Viet Nam	1,085
Bangladesh	105
India	2,615
Pakistan	440
Sri Lanka	650
Other places of birth in Asia	6,430
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,975
Americas	380
Brazil	55
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	55
Mexico	50
United States of America	130
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	75
Europe	830
France	10
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	20
Russian Federation	250
Ukraine	305
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	215
Africa	195
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	15
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	130
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15
Asia	4,565
Afghanistan	25
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	1,050
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
India	455
Iran⁸⁸	890
Iraq	20
Israel	265
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	280
Lebanon	0
Nepal	15
Pakistan	110
Philippines	785
Saudi Arabia	15
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	210
United Arab Emirates	30
Viet Nam	55
Other places of birth in Asia	280
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,185
First generation¹⁰⁰	64,870
Second generation¹⁰¹	31,635
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,680
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	49,110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	32,495
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,090
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	19,400
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	11,220
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,855
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	540
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	49,110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,660
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,715
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,540
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,505
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	155
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	38,535
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,890
South Asian	7,195
Chinese	12,930
Black	2,925
Filipino	5,460
Arab	720
Latin American	1,670
Southeast Asian	1,220
West Asian	7,950
Korean	5,855
Japanese	145
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,105
Multiple visible minorities	1,715
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,295
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,190
Canadian	6,055
English	3,985
Irish	3,070
Scottish	2,975
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,185
German	2,010
Chinese	12,405
Italian	6,680
Indian (India)	4,510
Ukrainian	3,815
Dutch	635
Polish	6,610
Québécois	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,405
Filipino	5,150
French Canadian	250
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,210
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	90
Métis	95
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,580
Russian	12,050
Norwegian	150
Welsh	305
Portuguese	1,275
American	805
Spanish	1,140
Swedish	175
Hungarian	1,630
Acadian	45
Pakistani	550
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	700
Jewish	20,320
Punjabi	290
Vietnamese	1,145
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265
Greek	1,405
Jamaican	1,020
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,375
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0
Korean	5,775
Romanian	2,120
Lebanese	240
Iranian	6,365
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540
Danish	120
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35
Sikh	95
Austrian	480
Belgian	90
Haitian	25
Hindu	545
Mexican	335
Mennonite	25
Swiss	100
Finnish	90
Sri Lankan	510
Croatian	135
Japanese	240
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	365
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80
Muslim	235
Egyptian	335
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	355
Tamil	670
Icelandic	20
Colombian	220
Moroccan	1,305
Czech	220
Syrian	130
Guyanese	560
Afghan	240
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	335
Serbian	440
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	45
Hong Konger	775
Ontarian	175
Persian	2,360
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	320
Turkish	855
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	90
Algerian	20
Brazilian	315
Nigerian	205
Armenian	630
Slovak	155
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,875
Somali	15
Taiwanese	305
Iraqi	470
Salvadorean	110
African Caribbean	265
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	485
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	445
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	220
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	200
Lithuanian	1,080
South African	1,005
Australian	50
Palestinian	110
Chilean	140
Congolese	40
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	260
Peruvian	130
Yoruba	60
Cambodian (Khmer)	135
Berber	40
Albanian	335
Maltese	90
Macedonian	180
Slovenian	35
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	325
Eritrean	40
African Canadian	95
Israeli	4,065
Mohawk	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105
Bulgarian	230
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	95
Barbadian	120
African American	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75
Tunisian	65
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	320
Cuban	120
Bosnian	15
Venezuelan	95
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	280
Bengali	65
Cameroonian	10
Guatemalan	15
Indonesian	90
Laotian	35
Ilocano	150
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	175
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	205
Estonian	25
Kurdish	195
Fijian	45
Jatt	70
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100
Coptic	75
Thai	35
Dominican	30
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	40
Byelorussian	485
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	285
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	10
Sudanese	20
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	115
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	35
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	30
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	80
Jordanian	40
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	30
Sinhalese	90
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	55
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	565
Sicilian	20
Pashtun	0
Malay	30
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	40
Burmese	40
Mongolian	70
Azorean	25
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	85
Ugandan	10
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	45
Yemeni	155
Central African	0
Libyan	40
Basque	0
Uruguayan	60
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	20
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	20
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	30
Singaporean	30
Karen	0
Edo	25
Tajik	25
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,185
Buddhist	2,095
Christian	38,235
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,560
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	1,220
Baptist	625
Catholic	18,365
Christian Orthodox	5,700
Jehovah's Witness	140
Latter Day Saints	35
Lutheran	205
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	580
Presbyterian	1,450
Reformed	80
United Church	790
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,415
Hindu	3,690
Jewish	34,775
Muslim	7,480
Sikh	645
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	685
No religion and secular perspectives	26,585
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,390
Non-movers	100,225
Movers	13,160
Non-migrants	7,130
Migrants	6,030
Internal migrants	4,840
Intraprovincial migrants	4,460
Interprovincial migrants	385
External migrants	1,190
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,620
Non-movers	74,430
Movers	35,195
Non-migrants	10,620
Migrants	24,575
Internal migrants	17,315
Intraprovincial migrants	15,960
Interprovincial migrants	1,360
External migrants	7,255
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,835
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,710
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,120
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,640
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,795
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,845
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,835
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,450
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,015
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,435
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,430
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,395
Bachelor's degree or higher	44,990
Bachelor's degree	27,820
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,720
Master's degree	9,945
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,680
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,405
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,735
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	835
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,250
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,360
Bachelor's degree	21,045
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,640
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,270
Master's degree	8,165
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,240
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,835
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,580
Education	4,030
13. Education	4,030
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,760
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220
50. Visual and performing arts	2,535
Humanities	3,940
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	645
23. English language and literature/letters	970
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,070
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	310
39. Theology and religious vocations	315
54. History	385
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,400
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	975
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060
22. Legal professions and studies	1,895
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135
42. Psychology	1,720
45. Social sciences	3,510
Business, management and public administration	15,120
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,740
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,500
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	895
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45
40. Physical sciences	1,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,780
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,400
25. Library science	175
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,015
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	185
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,765
04. Architecture and related services	685
14. Engineering	7,080
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	930
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970
48. Precision production	425
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460
03. Natural resources and conservation	210
Health and related fields	8,080
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	590
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,975
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	480
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,950
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	365
49. Transportation and materials moving	285
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,640
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,905
Education	2,645
13. Education	2,645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775
Humanities	2,845
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	485
23. English language and literature/letters	675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235
39. Theology and religious vocations	240
54. History	280
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,055
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	765
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	730
22. Legal professions and studies	1,430
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90
42. Psychology	1,240
45. Social sciences	2,720
Business, management and public administration	11,605
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,910
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,600
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	570
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40
40. Physical sciences	770
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,900
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,890
25. Library science	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	770
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	145
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,240
04. Architecture and related services	545
14. Engineering	5,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,060
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	585
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	610
48. Precision production	225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	490
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335
03. Natural resources and conservation	150
Health and related fields	5,980
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,210
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,425
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	190
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,640
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,905
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,735
Location of study inside Canada	29,605
Same as province or territory of residence	27,475
Different than province or territory of residence	2,135
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,130
Americas	2,420
United States of America	1,705
Mexico	120
Cuba	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	40
Brazil	145
Colombia	75
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	45
Other locations of study in Americas	220
Europe	4,805
Belgium	15
France	90
Germany	50
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	15
Hungary	45
Moldova¹⁸³	190
Poland	65
Romania	335
Russian Federation	1,755
Ukraine	1,045
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25
Italy	50
Serbia⁸⁶	40
Other locations of study in Europe	600
Africa	700
Nigeria	90
Algeria	0
Morocco	10
Tunisia	0
Egypt	70
South Africa, Republic of	460
Other locations of study in Africa	70
Asia	11,040
Iran⁸⁸	2,505
Iraq	45
Israel	1,500
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	185
China⁹⁰	1,610
Taiwan	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	125
Japan	45
Korea, South⁹²	1,225
Philippines	1,600
Viet Nam	55
Bangladesh	25
Sri Lanka	50
India	1,050
Pakistan	125
Other locations of study in Asia	790
Oceania	160
Australia	125
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,835
In the labour force	62,130
Employed	53,920
Unemployed	8,215
Not in the labour force	35,705
Participation rate	63.5
Employment rate	55.1
Unemployment rate	13.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,835
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,715
Worked	61,125
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,065
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,060
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,135
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,030
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,105
Employee	46,435
Permanent position	38,570
Temporary position	7,865
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,235
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,630
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,135
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,030
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,105
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,120
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,275
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,205
3 Health occupations	5,055
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,475
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,405
6 Sales and service occupations	13,325
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,995
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	320
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,925
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,135
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,030
All industries¹⁹¹	60,105
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50
22 Utilities	255
23 Construction	3,510
31-33 Manufacturing	4,880
41 Wholesale trade	2,655
44-45 Retail trade	6,225
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,110
51 Information and cultural industries	1,495
52 Finance and insurance	4,870
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,170
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	340
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,220
61 Educational services	4,920
62 Health care and social assistance	7,145
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,075
72 Accommodation and food services	2,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,680
91 Public administration	1,965
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,390
English	59,270
French	85
Non-official language	1,140
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,140
English and French	740
English and non-official language(s)	4,970
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	55
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,390
Single responses	65,220
Official languages	62,905
English	62,720
French	185
Non-official languages	2,320
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,320
Afro-Asiatic languages	120
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	120
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	120
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	880
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	430
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	430
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	410
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	355
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	340
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	340
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	20
Romanian	15
Spanish	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	545
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	670
Chinese languages	670
Hakka	0
Mandarin	530
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	145
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,165
English and French	125
English and non-official language(s)	1,015
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,390
None	61,570
English	1,115
French	550
Non-official language	2,530
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,530
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	115
French and non-official language(s)	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	425
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,920
Worked at home	21,355
Worked outside Canada	270
No fixed workplace address	4,945
Usual place of work	27,350
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,350
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,930
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,030
Commute to a different province or territory	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,295
Car, truck or van	26,145
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,890
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,255
Public transit	3,820
Walked	1,225
Bicycle	150
Other method	960
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,295
Less than 15 minutes	6,375
15 to 29 minutes	10,870
30 to 44 minutes	8,415
45 to 59 minutes	3,275
60 minutes and over	3,360
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,295
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,330
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,770
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,055
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,480
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,545
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,110
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,730
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,540
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,420
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	795
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	630
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,945

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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