Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	University--RosedaleMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	106,216
Population, 2016¹	104,311
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.8
Total private dwellings²	62,923
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,550
Population density per square kilometre	7,828.0
Land area in square kilometres	13.57
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,215
0 to 14 years	9,010
0 to 4 years	3,120
5 to 9 years	3,020
10 to 14 years	2,870
15 to 64 years	77,455
15 to 19 years	3,915
20 to 24 years	10,210
25 to 29 years	13,605
30 to 34 years	11,970
35 to 39 years	8,485
40 to 44 years	5,945
45 to 49 years	5,490
50 to 54 years	5,980
55 to 59 years	6,245
60 to 64 years	5,615
65 years and over	19,750
65 to 69 years	5,120
70 to 74 years	4,800
75 to 79 years	3,725
80 to 84 years	2,780
85 years and over	3,330
85 to 89 years	2,020
90 to 94 years	990
95 to 99 years	285
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.5
15 to 64 years	72.9
65 years and over	18.6
85 years and over	3.1
Average age of the population	42.3
Median age of the population	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,550
Single-detached house	4,210
Semi-detached house	3,625
Row house	2,135
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,760
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,985
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	27,400
Other single-attached house	430
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,550
1 person	24,400
2 persons	17,845
3 persons	5,615
4 persons	3,875
5 or more persons	1,815
Number of persons in private households	102,330
Average household size	1.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,205
Married or living common-law	43,705
Married	32,090
Living common-law	11,615
Living common law - Never married	9,960
Living common law - Separated	215
Living common law - Divorced	1,315
Living common law - Widowed	120
Not married and not living common-law	53,500
Not married and not living common law - Never married	41,865
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,885
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,555
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,195
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,080
2 persons	15,210
3 persons	4,445
4 persons	3,380
5 or more persons	1,040
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,075
Total couple families	20,770
Married couples	14,970
With children⁶	7,075
Without children	7,890
Common-law couples	5,805
With children⁶	790
Without children	5,020
Total one-parent families	3,305
in which the parent is a woman+	2,700
in which the parent is a man+	605
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	102,330
Total - Persons in census families	62,660
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,545
Parents in one-parent families	3,310
Children⁶	17,815
In a two-parent family	13,265
In a one-parent family	4,545
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	39,670
Living alone	24,400
Living with other relatives⁷	2,760
Living with non-relatives only	12,510
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,550
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,760
Couple-family households	19,015
With children⁶	7,150
Without children	11,865
One-parent-family households	2,745
Multigenerational households⁸	580
Multiple-census-family households⁹	195
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,050
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,570
One-person households	24,395
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,825
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,605
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,035
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,175
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,230
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,730
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,985
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	103,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,025
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,920
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	104,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,415
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,370
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,095
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,835
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	153,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,080
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	50,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,385
Without total income	3,590
With total income	89,795
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,090
$10,000 to $19,999	9,190
$20,000 to $29,999	12,440
$30,000 to $39,999	8,895
$40,000 to $49,999	7,275
$50,000 to $59,999	5,835
$60,000 to $69,999	5,085
$70,000 to $79,999	4,760
$80,000 to $89,999	3,850
$90,000 to $99,999	3,280
$100,000 and over	20,100
$100,000 to $149,999	8,790
$150,000 and over	11,315
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,385
Without after-tax income	3,555
With after-tax income	89,825
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,655
$10,000 to $19,999	9,635
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760
$30,000 to $39,999	10,055
$40,000 to $49,999	8,495
$50,000 to $59,999	6,965
$60,000 to $69,999	5,895
$70,000 to $79,999	4,830
$80,000 to $89,999	3,900
$90,000 to $99,999	2,705
$100,000 and over	13,920
$100,000 to $124,999	4,315
$125,000 and over	9,605
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,385
Without employment income	27,350
With employment income	66,030
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,750
$5,000 to $9,999	5,515
$10,000 to $19,999	6,740
$20,000 to $29,999	4,665
$30,000 to $39,999	4,060
$40,000 to $49,999	4,200
$50,000 to $59,999	4,015
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645
$70,000 to $79,999	3,570
$80,000 to $89,999	2,805
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545
$100,000 and over	14,520
$100,000 to $124,999	4,250
$125,000 and over	10,265
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,250
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,290
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,440
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,850
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,065
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,265
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	106,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,320
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,570
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	111,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,160
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	102,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,410
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,832
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,835
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,135
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	154,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,260
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	59,750
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	96.0
Employment income (%)	71.6
Government transfers (%)	3.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,550
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,395
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,155
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,505
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	174,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	122,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,070
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	83,700
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,650
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,440
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	249,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	171,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,550
Under $5,000	2,215
$5,000 to $9,999	960
$10,000 to $14,999	1,135
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400
$20,000 to $24,999	2,300
$25,000 to $29,999	1,880
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745
$35,000 to $39,999	1,690
$40,000 to $44,999	1,720
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660
$50,000 to $59,999	3,155
$60,000 to $69,999	3,040
$70,000 to $79,999	2,830
$80,000 to $89,999	2,605
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385
$100,000 and over	22,825
$100,000 to $124,999	4,750
$125,000 to $149,999	3,380
$150,000 to $199,999	4,650
$200,000 and over	10,045
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,550
Under $5,000	2,450
$5,000 to $9,999	970
$10,000 to $14,999	1,180
$15,000 to $19,999	1,495
$20,000 to $24,999	2,465
$25,000 to $29,999	2,115
$30,000 to $34,999	1,935
$35,000 to $39,999	2,040
$40,000 to $44,999	1,980
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985
$50,000 to $59,999	3,850
$60,000 to $69,999	3,570
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255
$80,000 to $89,999	2,920
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425
$100,000 and over	18,920
$100,000 to $124,999	4,755
$125,000 to $149,999	3,335
$150,000 and over	10,835
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,585
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,300
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,895
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	192,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,120
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	36,910
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,795
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	274,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,565
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	233,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,775
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	408,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	253,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,160
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	134,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	36,805
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,150
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	102,335
0 to 17 years	10,765
0 to 5 years	3,730
18 to 64 years	73,415
65 years and over	18,150
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,860
0 to 17 years	1,320
0 to 5 years	495
18 to 64 years	12,110
65 years and over	2,430
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5
65 years and over (%)	13.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,330
0 to 17 years	10,770
0 to 5 years	3,735
18 to 64 years	73,410
65 years and over	18,150
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,705
0 to 17 years	920
0 to 5 years	335
18 to 64 years	11,770
65 years and over	1,015
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0
65 years and over (%)	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	102,335
In bottom half of the distribution	44,880
In bottom decile	17,060
In second decile	8,500
In third decile	6,820
In fourth decile	6,395
In fifth decile	6,100
In top half of the distribution	57,460
In sixth decile	6,285
In seventh decile	6,880
In eighth decile	7,515
In ninth decile	9,905
In top decile	26,875
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	102,330
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.596
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.653
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.522
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	8.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,510
English only	84,785
French only	70
English and French	16,230
Neither English nor French	3,425
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,510
English	97,850
French	2,430
English and French	850
Neither English nor French	3,385
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,510
Single responses	99,310
Official languages	65,380
English	63,095
French	2,280
Non-official languages	33,930
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,910
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,930
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	40
Bilen	0
Oromo	15
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,880
Amharic	155
Arabic	1,295
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	10
Hebrew	280
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	625
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5
Austronesian languages	855
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	660
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	420
Kannada	25
Malayalam	100
Tamil	195
Telugu	90
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,570
Albanian	115
Armenian	105
Balto-Slavic languages	2,990
Baltic languages	110
Latvian	60
Lithuanian	45
Slavic languages	2,885
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	100
Czech	90
Macedonian	75
Polish	495
Russian	1,120
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	595
Bosnian	30
Croatian	210
Serbian	355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	290
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,115
Frisian	0
High German languages	780
German	650
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	180
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	120
Danish	30
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	20
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	695
Indo-Iranian languages	3,305
Indo-Aryan languages	1,945
Assamese	10
Bengali	330
Gujarati	200
Hindi	565
Kacchi	25
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	5
Marathi	75
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	10
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	470
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,355
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	5
Pashto	15
Persian languages	1,315
Dari	35
Iranian Persian	1,150
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	7,240
Catalan	10
Italian	1,680
Portuguese	2,920
Romanian	265
Spanish	2,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	585
Korean	1,575
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	140
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	30
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	10
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,990
Chinese languages	10,950
Hakka	30
Mandarin	6,555
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	200
Wu (Shanghainese)	75
Yue (Cantonese)	3,915
Chinese, n.o.s.	155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	40
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100
Lao	25
Thai	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	520
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	20
Turkish	455
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	485
Estonian	70
Finnish	120
Hungarian	295
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,205
English and French	730
English and non-official language(s)	3,825
French and non-official language(s)	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	145
Multiple non-official languages	370
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,510
English	69,315
French	540
Non-official language	9,020
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	9,015
English and French	2,175
English and non-official language(s)	21,540
French and non-official language(s)	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,235
Multiple non-official languages	610
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,510
Single responses	99,890
Official languages	83,700
English	82,820
French	880
Non-official languages	16,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,185
Afro-Asiatic languages	725
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	705
Amharic	55
Arabic	540
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	5
Hebrew	80
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	285
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	285
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	190
Kannada	5
Malayalam	40
Tamil	95
Telugu	40
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,140
Albanian	45
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	835
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	820
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	15
Macedonian	20
Polish	75
Russian	460
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	140
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	165
Frisian	0
High German languages	110
German	100
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	265
Indo-Iranian languages	1,360
Indo-Aryan languages	650
Assamese	5
Bengali	115
Gujarati	60
Hindi	215
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	25
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	155
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	710
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	690
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	640
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,460
Catalan	10
Italian	625
Portuguese	1,755
Romanian	45
Spanish	1,020
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	305
Korean	905
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	50
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,915
Chinese languages	6,890
Hakka	5
Mandarin	4,390
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	2,255
Chinese, n.o.s.	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	5
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	220
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	200
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	70
Estonian	10
Finnish	5
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,615
English and French	465
English and non-official language(s)	3,930
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	110
Multiple non-official languages	70
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,510
None	82,735
English	6,110
French	1,645
Non-official language	11,110
Indigenous³⁹	25
Non-Indigenous	11,085
English and French	115
English and non-official language(s)	675
French and non-official language(s)	725
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	1,360
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	102,385
Official languages	98,990
English	98,915
French	16,150
Non-official languages	46,580
Indigenous languages³⁹	45
Algonquian languages	35
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,540
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,500
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	25
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,460
Amharic	235
Arabic	2,045
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	1,070
Maltese	55
Tigrigna	135
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,395
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	165
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	160
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,090
Waray-Waray	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	160
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	40
Krio	0
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35
Dravidian languages	820
Kannada	80
Malayalam	240
Tamil	395
Telugu	200
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	24,600
Albanian	170
Armenian	110
Balto-Slavic languages	3,465
Baltic languages	120
Latvian	45
Lithuanian	80
Slavic languages	3,385
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	150
Czech	110
Macedonian	110
Polish	530
Russian	1,560
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	630
Bosnian	75
Croatian	250
Serbian	440
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	45
Ukrainian	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	90
Irish	60
Scottish Gaelic	20
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,850
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,245
German	2,005
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	230
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420
Afrikaans	100
Dutch	305
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	315
Danish	90
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	75
Swedish	190
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	980
Indo-Iranian languages	5,540
Indo-Aryan languages	3,920
Assamese	0
Bengali	485
Gujarati	480
Hindi	2,370
Kacchi	40
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	205
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	30
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	555
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	35
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55
Urdu	1,130
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	1,710
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	0
Pashto	120
Persian languages	1,600
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	1,455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	12,775
Catalan	40
Italian	3,465
Portuguese	4,075
Romanian	290
Spanish	6,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25
Japanese	1,115
Korean	2,005
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	430
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15
Swahili	165
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	85
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	20
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	75
American Sign Language	70
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,875
Chinese languages	12,840
Hakka	50
Mandarin	8,910
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	335
Wu (Shanghainese)	155
Yue (Cantonese)	5,120
Chinese, n.o.s.	120
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	35
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	145
Lao	10
Thai	130
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	770
Azerbaijani	85
Kazakh	30
Turkish	700
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	605
Estonian	75
Finnish	70
Hungarian	475
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,385
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	960
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	910
First Nations (North American Indian)	540
Métis	360
Inuk (Inuit)	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40
Non-Indigenous identity	101,425
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,385
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,100
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,505
Owner	23,085
Renter	30,420
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,505
Condominium	20,445
Not condominium	33,065
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,505
No bedrooms	2,015
1 bedroom	20,760
2 bedrooms	15,980
3 bedrooms	7,855
4 or more bedrooms	6,900
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,505
1 to 4 rooms	33,185
5 rooms	5,955
6 rooms	3,925
7 rooms	3,090
8 or more rooms	7,360
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,505
One person or fewer per room	52,440
More than one person per room	1,065
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,505
Suitable	49,960
Not suitable	3,550
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,505
1960 or before	21,470
1961 to 1980	9,190
1981 to 1990	4,315
1991 to 2000	3,175
2001 to 2005	2,635
2006 to 2010	3,125
2011 to 2015	4,480
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,120
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,505
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,295
Major repairs needed	3,210
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,505
One-maintainer household	32,500
Two-maintainer household	18,450
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,555
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,505
15 to 24 years	4,580
25 to 34 years	13,910
35 to 44 years	8,445
45 to 54 years	6,780
55 to 64 years	7,305
65 to 74 years	6,385
75 to 84 years	4,105
85 years and over	1,990
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,745
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,345
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	21,400
30% to less than 100%	16,530
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,505
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	25,410
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	18,845
Not suitable only	2,020
Major repairs needed only	1,825
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,335
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,190
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
Acceptable housing	28,095
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,880
In core need	8,375
Not in core need	39,505
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,085
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.8
% in core housing need⁶³	10.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,592
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,390,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,822,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,425
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	48.8
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,976
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	102,380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	210
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	190
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	170
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,070
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,055
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	765
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	101,100
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	102,385
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,435
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,710
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,725
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,950
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	102,385
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	59,515
Immigrants⁸¹	34,755
Before 1980	9,020
1980 to 1990	3,705
1991 to 2000	5,700
2001 to 2010	6,775
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,565
2011 to 2015	3,295
2016 to 2021	6,270
Non-permanent residents⁸³	8,110
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	34,750
Under 5 years	3,115
5 to 14 years	6,565
15 to 24 years	6,540
25 to 44 years	15,395
45 years and over	3,140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	34,750
Americas	5,320
Brazil	335
Colombia	295
El Salvador	75
Guyana	160
Haiti	20
Jamaica	420
Mexico	320
Peru	120
Trinidad and Tobago	305
United States of America	2,195
Other places of birth in Americas	1,080
Europe	10,435
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75
Croatia	110
France	515
Germany	435
Greece	380
Hungary	310
Italy	1,145
Netherlands	175
Poland	295
Portugal	2,135
Romania	255
Russian Federation	585
Serbia⁸⁶	220
Ukraine	295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,100
Other places of birth in Europe	1,420
Africa	1,850
Algeria	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Egypt	280
Eritrea	80
Ethiopia	175
Morocco	80
Nigeria	130
Somalia	45
South Africa, Republic of	330
Other places of birth in Africa	700
Asia	16,895
Afghanistan	40
Iran⁸⁸	1,145
Iraq	95
Lebanon	220
Syria⁸⁹	130
Turkey	345
China⁹⁰	5,365
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,100
Korea, South⁹²	1,365
Taiwan	760
Philippines	1,025
Viet Nam	555
Bangladesh	160
India	1,915
Pakistan	725
Sri Lanka	130
Other places of birth in Asia	1,810
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	255
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,270
Americas	1,080
Brazil	140
Colombia	50
Haiti	0
Jamaica	30
Mexico	120
United States of America	500
Venezuela⁹⁵	60
Other places of birth in Americas	180
Europe	1,130
France	260
Germany	55
Ireland⁹⁶	120
Italy	65
Russian Federation	100
Ukraine	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210
Other places of birth in Europe	280
Africa	385
Algeria	10
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	75
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	25
Morocco	25
Nigeria	65
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	30
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	10
Other places of birth in Africa	85
Asia	3,600
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	40
China⁹⁰	1,005
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
India	990
Iran⁸⁸	165
Iraq	30
Israel	40
Japan	100
Jordan	30
Korea, South⁹²	200
Lebanon	60
Nepal	0
Pakistan	150
Philippines	185
Saudi Arabia	40
Sri Lanka	15
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	115
United Arab Emirates	50
Viet Nam	75
Other places of birth in Asia	215
Oceania and other⁹³	75
Australia	75
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	102,385
First generation¹⁰⁰	45,145
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,720
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,515
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25,735
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	16,915
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,155
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,760
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,080
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,410
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	330
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25,735
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,365
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,260
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,490
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,720
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	16,810
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	102,385
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	38,440
South Asian	6,215
Chinese	14,725
Black	3,550
Filipino	1,390
Arab	1,650
Latin American	2,265
Southeast Asian	1,290
West Asian	1,605
Korean	2,195
Japanese	955
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	580
Multiple visible minorities	2,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	63,940
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	102,385
Canadian	6,040
English	15,230
Irish	14,385
Scottish	13,420
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,685
German	6,745
Chinese	14,405
Italian	7,145
Indian (India)	4,460
Ukrainian	2,780
Dutch	2,390
Polish	4,285
Québécois	190
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,025
Filipino	1,600
French Canadian	960
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,950
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	395
Métis	330
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,055
Russian	3,330
Norwegian	725
Welsh	1,625
Portuguese	4,220
American	1,770
Spanish	1,810
Swedish	775
Hungarian	1,440
Acadian	275
Pakistani	800
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	860
Jewish	5,335
Punjabi	300
Vietnamese	940
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	720
Greek	1,755
Jamaican	925
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,205
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75
Korean	2,285
Romanian	810
Lebanese	650
Iranian	1,360
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	390
Danish	510
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	190
Sikh	160
Austrian	765
Belgian	420
Haitian	70
Hindu	340
Mexican	650
Mennonite	170
Swiss	530
Finnish	410
Sri Lankan	210
Croatian	625
Japanese	1,115
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	410
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	420
Muslim	115
Egyptian	385
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	500
Tamil	175
Icelandic	270
Colombian	340
Moroccan	160
Czech	510
Syrian	205
Guyanese	285
Afghan	105
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	360
Serbian	565
Ojibway	65
Newfoundlander	75
Hong Konger	600
Ontarian	210
Persian	590
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410
Turkish	775
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15
Bangladeshi	210
Algerian	30
Brazilian	465
Nigerian	225
Armenian	270
Slovak	340
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	930
Somali	65
Taiwanese	725
Iraqi	105
Salvadorean	90
African Caribbean	150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	340
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	480
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	260
Algonquin	30
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	195
Lithuanian	435
South African	225
Australian	240
Palestinian	205
Chilean	220
Congolese	45
Nova Scotian	40
Ethiopian	215
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	180
Peruvian	185
Yoruba	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	85
Berber	0
Albanian	250
Maltese	205
Macedonian	320
Slovenian	140
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250
New Brunswicker	25
Gujarati	105
Eritrean	120
African Canadian	70
Israeli	390
Mohawk	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90
Bulgarian	220
Albertan	30
Ghanaian	105
Barbadian	185
African American	165
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140
Tunisian	60
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180
Cuban	105
Bosnian	80
Venezuelan	130
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	300
Bengali	145
Cameroonian	25
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	140
Laotian	25
Ilocano	45
Northern Irish	205
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	190
British Columbian	25
Ecuadorian	155
Franco Ontarian	40
Argentinian	170
Estonian	250
Kurdish	75
Fijian	15
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35
Coptic	15
Thai	135
Dominican	20
Nepali	25
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	25
Igbo	35
Byelorussian	100
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25
New Zealander	65
Sudanese	95
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30
Malaysian	150
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	75
Gaspesian	0
Norman	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30
Burundian	25
Tigrinya	45
Nicaraguan	50
Mauritian	55
Kenyan	80
Oji-Cree	15
Vincentian	35
Jordanian	150
Manitoban	35
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	40
Malayali	50
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	10
Mayan	45
Honduran	30
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	65
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	40
Senegalese	10
Azerbaijani	75
Sicilian	25
Pashtun	35
Malay	50
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	35
Zimbabwean	15
Burmese	65
Mongolian	55
Azorean	100
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	10
Ugandan	65
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	55
Yemeni	50
Central African	0
Libyan	20
Basque	40
Uruguayan	65
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	50
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	20
Telugu	30
Roma	30
Costa Rican	20
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	15
Kashmiri	35
Singaporean	45
Karen	0
Edo	15
Tajik	0
Amhara	40
Paraguayan	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	102,385
Buddhist	2,190
Christian	35,650
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,785
Anabaptist	100
Anglican	4,075
Baptist	390
Catholic	18,450
Christian Orthodox	2,380
Jehovah's Witness	75
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	490
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210
Presbyterian	1,085
Reformed	35
United Church	2,190
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,215
Hindu	2,175
Jewish	7,115
Muslim	4,545
Sikh	335
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	910
No religion and secular perspectives	49,440
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	101,690
Non-movers	79,135
Movers	22,555
Non-migrants	16,500
Migrants	6,050
Internal migrants	3,390
Intraprovincial migrants	2,415
Interprovincial migrants	975
External migrants	2,660
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,250
Non-movers	50,260
Movers	48,990
Non-migrants	24,505
Migrants	24,485
Internal migrants	13,145
Intraprovincial migrants	8,980
Interprovincial migrants	4,175
External migrants	11,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,690
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,710
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,115
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,405
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,705
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,395
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,250
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,110
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,705
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,690
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	970
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,160
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,850
Bachelor's degree or higher	57,405
Bachelor's degree	31,820
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,925
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,105
Master's degree	16,555
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,005
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,110
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,195
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,495
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,425
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,215
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,430
Bachelor's degree	23,200
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,155
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,665
Master's degree	13,465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,950
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,290
Education	2,580
13. Education	2,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270
50. Visual and performing arts	6,335
Humanities	6,790
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	690
23. English language and literature/letters	2,355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	315
38. Philosophy and religious studies	720
39. Theology and religious vocations	160
54. History	1,005
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,455
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	390
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,980
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	680
22. Legal professions and studies	3,220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	380
42. Psychology	1,890
45. Social sciences	5,915
Business, management and public administration	15,770
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,610
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	640
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150
40. Physical sciences	940
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,895
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,320
25. Library science	240
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	220
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,075
04. Architecture and related services	1,460
14. Engineering	4,140
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	710
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	410
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	235
48. Precision production	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290
03. Natural resources and conservation	475
Health and related fields	6,580
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,190
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	825
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,440
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	165
49. Transportation and materials moving	110
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,695
Education	1,540
13. Education	1,540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,175
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215
50. Visual and performing arts	4,955
Humanities	4,410
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	450
23. English language and literature/letters	1,495
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	235
38. Philosophy and religious studies	535
39. Theology and religious vocations	80
54. History	605
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	290
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,670
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	465
22. Legal professions and studies	2,400
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	310
42. Psychology	1,360
45. Social sciences	4,385
Business, management and public administration	12,380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	800
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,580
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,915
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,700
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	430
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120
40. Physical sciences	625
41. Science technologies/technicians	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,025
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,970
25. Library science	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	785
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,295
04. Architecture and related services	1,045
14. Engineering	3,195
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	535
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	315
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	145
48. Precision production	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	410
Health and related fields	5,015
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	630
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,125
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	900
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	80
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	52,420
Location of study inside Canada	38,560
Same as province or territory of residence	33,040
Different than province or territory of residence	5,530
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,855
Americas	4,455
United States of America	3,375
Mexico	295
Cuba	55
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	305
Colombia	130
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	220
Europe	4,265
Belgium	55
France	630
Germany	195
Netherlands	90
Switzerland	90
Hungary	25
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	50
Romania	50
Russian Federation	155
Ukraine	90
Ireland⁹⁶	310
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,860
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	150
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Other locations of study in Europe	490
Africa	315
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	25
Tunisia	0
Egypt	90
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	140
Asia	4,390
Iran⁸⁸	335
Iraq	15
Israel	115
Lebanon	85
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	180
China⁹⁰	825
Taiwan	140
Hong Kong⁹¹	125
Japan	290
Korea, South⁹²	275
Philippines	445
Viet Nam	50
Bangladesh	30
Sri Lanka	15
India	910
Pakistan	135
Other locations of study in Asia	395
Oceania	430
Australia	345
New Zealand	80
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,395
In the labour force	63,250
Employed	55,190
Unemployed	8,065
Not in the labour force	30,145
Participation rate	67.7
Employment rate	59.1
Unemployment rate	12.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,395
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,810
Worked	62,585
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,550
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,035
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,255
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,795
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,455
Employee	47,875
Permanent position	37,150
Temporary position	10,730
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,145
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,580
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,575
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,255
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,795
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,455
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,970
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,305
3 Health occupations	4,405
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,065
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,540
6 Sales and service occupations	11,875
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,965
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	590
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,255
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,795
All industries¹⁹¹	61,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125
22 Utilities	215
23 Construction	1,620
31-33 Manufacturing	1,645
41 Wholesale trade	1,320
44-45 Retail trade	4,705
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,080
51 Information and cultural industries	3,740
52 Finance and insurance	6,045
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,075
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,765
55 Management of companies and enterprises	430
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,750
61 Educational services	6,725
62 Health care and social assistance	6,380
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,495
72 Accommodation and food services	3,395
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,315
91 Public administration	2,495
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,215
English	61,515
French	150
Non-official language	585
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	585
English and French	1,925
English and non-official language(s)	2,745
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	260
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,215
Single responses	66,460
Official languages	65,300
English	64,935
French	365
Non-official languages	1,165
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	270
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	25
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	55
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	35
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165
Catalan	0
Italian	25
Portuguese	60
Romanian	0
Spanish	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	80
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665
Chinese languages	665
Hakka	0
Mandarin	475
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	180
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	755
English and French	215
English and non-official language(s)	515
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,215
None	62,885
English	730
French	1,540
Non-official language	1,685
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,685
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	195
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	145
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,185
Worked at home	30,375
Worked outside Canada	390
No fixed workplace address	3,305
Usual place of work	21,125
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,125
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,985
Commute to a different province or territory	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,425
Car, truck or van	8,960
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,885
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,075
Public transit	5,945
Walked	6,505
Bicycle	2,025
Other method	995
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,425
Less than 15 minutes	5,750
15 to 29 minutes	8,935
30 to 44 minutes	6,060
45 to 59 minutes	1,960
60 minutes and over	1,720
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,425
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	660
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,730
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,300
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,250
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,965
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,425
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,635
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	545
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,515

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table