Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vaughan--WoodbridgeMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	106,810	...
Population, 2016¹	105,228	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	1.5
Total private dwellings²	35,456	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,668	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,341.9	1,341.9
Land area in square kilometres	79.59	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,810	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,490	14.5
0 to 4 years	4,045	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,995	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,450	6.0
15 to 64 years	71,315	66.8
15 to 19 years	7,505	7.0
20 to 24 years	7,300	6.8
25 to 29 years	6,650	6.2
30 to 34 years	5,685	5.3
35 to 39 years	5,785	5.4
40 to 44 years	6,370	6.0
45 to 49 years	7,970	7.5
50 to 54 years	9,010	8.4
55 to 59 years	8,325	7.8
60 to 64 years	6,725	6.3
65 years and over	20,000	18.7
65 to 69 years	5,355	5.0
70 to 74 years	5,230	4.9
75 to 79 years	3,600	3.4
80 to 84 years	3,090	2.9
85 years and over	2,730	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,830	1.7
90 to 94 years	710	0.7
95 to 99 years	165	0.2
100 years and over	20	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	14.5
15 to 64 years	66.8	66.8
65 years and over	18.7	18.7
85 years and over	2.6	2.6
Average age of the population	42.6	42.6
Median age of the population	44.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,665	100.0
Single-detached house	23,250	67.1
Semi-detached house	3,315	9.6
Row house	3,170	9.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,200	3.5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	715	2.1
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,005	8.7
Other single-attached house	10	0.0
Movable dwelling⁴	5	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,670	100.0
1 person	5,370	15.5
2 persons	9,350	27.0
3 persons	6,225	18.0
4 persons	8,275	23.9
5 or more persons	5,445	15.7
Number of persons in private households	106,290	100.0
Average household size	3.1	3.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,320	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,845	59.0
Married	50,810	55.6
Living common-law	3,030	3.3
Living common law - Never married	2,010	2.2
Living common law - Separated	145	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	795	0.9
Living common law - Widowed	75	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	37,480	41.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,875	29.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,855	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,450	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,300	5.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,795	100.0
2 persons	11,875	38.6
3 persons	7,140	23.2
4 persons	8,625	28.0
5 or more persons	3,150	10.2
Average size of census families	3.1	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,795	100.0
Total couple families	26,330	85.5
Married couples	24,815	80.6
With children⁶	16,350	53.1
Without children	8,465	27.5
Common-law couples	1,515	4.9
With children⁶	685	2.2
Without children	830	2.7
Total one-parent families	4,465	14.5
in which the parent is a woman+	3,535	11.5
in which the parent is a man+	925	3.0
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,285	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,115	90.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,665	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,465	4.2
Children⁶	38,985	36.7
In a two-parent family	31,980	30.1
In a one-parent family	7,005	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,175	9.6
Living alone	5,370	5.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,095	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,710	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,665	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,155	69.7
Couple-family households	21,280	61.4
With children⁶	14,055	40.5
Without children	7,230	20.9
One-parent-family households	2,875	8.3
Multigenerational households⁸	2,755	7.9
Multiple-census-family households⁹	520	1.5
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,255	3.6
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	610	1.8
One-person households	5,370	15.5
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,805	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,030	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,070	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,870	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,800	70.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,005	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,290	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,955	31.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,825	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,040	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,750	60,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,085	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	49,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,825	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	56,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,810	70.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	59,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,055	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,670	10,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,240	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,495	31.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,580	9,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,820	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,530	34.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	73,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,600	89,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,320	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	31,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.4	71.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,805	100.0
Without total income	3,775	4.2
With total income	87,030	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,940	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,320	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,930	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,155	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,195	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,090	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,705	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,960	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,130	3.6
$100,000 and over	12,965	14.9
$100,000 to $149,999	8,410	9.7
$150,000 and over	4,550	5.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,805	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,740	4.1
With after-tax income	87,065	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,270	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,810	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,565	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,575	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,930	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,920	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,095	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,680	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,240	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,505	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,375	3.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,805	100.0
Without employment income	27,005	29.7
With employment income	63,800	70.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,345	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,615	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,640	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,885	7.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,640	7.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,860	7.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,745	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,150	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	4.3
$100,000 and over	10,460	16.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,895	7.7
$125,000 and over	5,565	8.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,805	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,040	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,055	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,885	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,865	70.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,875	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,520	1,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,035	5.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,825	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,170	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,750	58,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,180	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	47,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,970	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,750	57,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,155	70.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,600	59,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,900	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,920	5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,820	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,420	34.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,900	85,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,190	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,560	37,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	76.4	76.4
Government transfers (%)	10.1	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,665	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000	125,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	107,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,370	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	47,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	42,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,300	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000	140,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	120,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,670	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	152,600	152,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,300	123,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,290	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,600	67,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,500	54,500
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,380	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,800	167,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,800	135,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,665	100.0
Under $5,000	160	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	80	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	145	0.4
$15,000 to $19,999	225	0.6
$20,000 to $24,999	595	1.7
$25,000 to $29,999	765	2.2
$30,000 to $34,999	610	1.8
$35,000 to $39,999	745	2.1
$40,000 to $44,999	860	2.5
$45,000 to $49,999	780	2.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,725	5.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,695	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,720	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,645	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	4.8
$100,000 and over	21,235	61.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,955	11.4
$125,000 to $149,999	3,635	10.5
$150,000 to $199,999	5,700	16.4
$200,000 and over	7,945	22.9
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,665	100.0
Under $5,000	235	0.7
$5,000 to $9,999	85	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	155	0.4
$15,000 to $19,999	240	0.7
$20,000 to $24,999	650	1.9
$25,000 to $29,999	885	2.6
$30,000 to $34,999	665	1.9
$35,000 to $39,999	835	2.4
$40,000 to $44,999	970	2.8
$45,000 to $49,999	955	2.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,015	5.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,145	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,060	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,140	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	5.6
$100,000 and over	18,695	53.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	13.6
$125,000 to $149,999	4,140	11.9
$150,000 and over	9,845	28.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,080	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000	139,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	119,000
Average family size of economic families	3.4	3.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,460	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	92,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,145	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	168,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	142,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	4.2
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,650	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,080	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,140	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,600	166,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	134,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,420	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,900	126,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,200	101,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,190	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	195,400	195,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,200	157,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,665	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600	112,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900	95,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,050	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,700	61,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,160	50,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,285	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,970	18.8
0 to 5 years	4,965	4.7
18 to 64 years	66,770	62.8
65 years and over	19,550	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,190	...
0 to 17 years	1,160	...
0 to 5 years	340	...
18 to 64 years	2,605	...
65 years and over	1,430	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.9	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	6.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.9
65 years and over (%)	7.3	7.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,285	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,965	18.8
0 to 5 years	4,965	4.7
18 to 64 years	66,770	62.8
65 years and over	19,550	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,755	...
0 to 17 years	580	...
0 to 5 years	170	...
18 to 64 years	1,750	...
65 years and over	435	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.5	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.6
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,285	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,095	32.1
In bottom decile	4,400	4.1
In second decile	6,400	6.0
In third decile	7,240	6.8
In fourth decile	7,385	6.9
In fifth decile	8,670	8.2
In top half of the distribution	72,185	67.9
In sixth decile	10,150	9.5
In seventh decile	11,600	10.9
In eighth decile	13,630	12.8
In ninth decile	17,325	16.3
In top decile	19,485	18.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,285	106,285
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336	0.336
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	0.437
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	0.287
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	106,410	100.0
English only	96,670	90.8
French only	35	0.0
English and French	5,245	4.9
Neither English nor French	4,460	4.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	106,410	100.0
English	100,940	94.9
French	480	0.5
English and French	585	0.5
Neither English nor French	4,405	4.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	106,410	100.0
Single responses	99,720	93.7
Official languages	50,350	47.3
English	49,935	46.9
French	415	0.4
Non-official languages	49,370	46.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,370	46.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,850	2.7
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	75	0.1
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	5	0.0
Somali	70	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,780	2.6
Amharic	30	0.0
Arabic	1,265	1.2
Aramaic languages	1,315	1.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	880	0.8
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	405	0.4
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	40	0.0
Maltese	95	0.1
Tigrigna	30	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,165	2.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	0.1
Vietnamese	2,035	1.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,030	1.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	65	0.1
Indonesian	30	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	885	0.8
Waray-Waray	5	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,310	1.2
Kannada	15	0.0
Malayalam	170	0.2
Tamil	1,075	1.0
Telugu	45	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	15	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	36,730	34.5
Albanian	410	0.4
Armenian	155	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,135	2.9
Baltic languages	20	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0.0
Slavic languages	3,115	2.9
Belarusian	10	0.0
Bulgarian	105	0.1
Czech	20	0.0
Macedonian	155	0.1
Polish	525	0.5
Russian	1,525	1.4
Rusyn	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	475	0.4
Bosnian	30	0.0
Croatian	300	0.3
Serbian	135	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Slovak	30	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	0.1
Ukrainian	175	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	170	0.2
German	165	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	5	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0.0
Dutch	40	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	5	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	495	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	6,690	6.3
Indo-Aryan languages	4,930	4.6
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	125	0.1
Gujarati	730	0.7
Hindi	660	0.6
Kacchi	15	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	5	0.0
Marathi	45	0.0
Nepali	10	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	2.3
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	0.0
Urdu	795	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Iranian languages	1,765	1.7
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	140	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	35	0.0
Persian languages	1,590	1.5
Dari	575	0.5
Iranian Persian	820	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	185	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25,605	24.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	19,960	18.8
Portuguese	1,735	1.6
Romanian	675	0.6
Spanish	3,215	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	25	0.0
Korean	535	0.5
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	0.2
Akan (Twi)	80	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	5	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	30	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	5	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	60	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,370	3.2
Chinese languages	3,345	3.1
Hakka	35	0.0
Mandarin	1,945	1.8
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,200	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0.0
Burmese	15	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	0.1
Lao	60	0.1
Thai	25	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	805	0.8
Azerbaijani	25	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	760	0.7
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Uralic languages	205	0.2
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	10	0.0
Hungarian	195	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Multiple responses	6,690	6.3
English and French	180	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,925	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	60	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	400	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	106,410	100.0
English	57,605	54.1
French	100	0.1
Non-official language	13,325	12.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,325	12.5
English and French	520	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	33,105	31.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	845	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	895	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	106,410	100.0
Single responses	99,730	93.7
Official languages	74,770	70.3
English	74,605	70.1
French	160	0.2
Non-official languages	24,960	23.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,960	23.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,555	1.5
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	15	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,535	1.4
Amharic	10	0.0
Arabic	640	0.6
Aramaic languages	845	0.8
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	580	0.5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	240	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0.0
Maltese	15	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,450	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	0.1
Vietnamese	1,375	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	0.5
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0.0
Indonesian	10	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	465	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	865	0.8
Kannada	5	0.0
Malayalam	105	0.1
Tamil	740	0.7
Telugu	25	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	15	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,875	15.9
Albanian	200	0.2
Armenian	70	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,695	1.6
Baltic languages	10	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0.0
Slavic languages	1,690	1.6
Belarusian	5	0.0
Bulgarian	50	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	55	0.1
Polish	215	0.2
Russian	1,060	1.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	0.2
Bosnian	10	0.0
Croatian	115	0.1
Serbian	55	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0.0
Ukrainian	80	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	20	0.0
German	20	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	5	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	135	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,345	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	3,205	3.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	70	0.1
Gujarati	430	0.4
Hindi	385	0.4
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	30	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,735	1.6
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	0.0
Urdu	500	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Iranian languages	1,140	1.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	70	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	35	0.0
Persian languages	1,030	1.0
Dari	345	0.3
Iranian Persian	555	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,410	9.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	7,525	7.1
Portuguese	675	0.6
Romanian	360	0.3
Spanish	1,845	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	385	0.4
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	0.1
Akan (Twi)	30	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	5	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	35	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0.0
American Sign Language	25	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,415	2.3
Chinese languages	2,395	2.3
Hakka	15	0.0
Mandarin	1,525	1.4
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	785	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0.0
Burmese	10	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0.0
Lao	20	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	620	0.6
Azerbaijani	20	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	590	0.6
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Uralic languages	100	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	100	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,680	6.3
English and French	90	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,420	6.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	106,415	100.0
None	76,775	72.1
English	9,585	9.0
French	545	0.5
Non-official language	16,500	15.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,495	15.5
English and French	105	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,205	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	510	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,160	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,310	100.0
Official languages	101,845	95.8
English	101,800	95.8
French	5,265	5.0
Non-official languages	67,360	63.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,360	63.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,070	3.8
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	0.0
Hausa	25	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	0.1
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	90	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,985	3.7
Amharic	85	0.1
Arabic	2,560	2.4
Aramaic languages	1,805	1.7
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,245	1.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	545	0.5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75	0.1
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	245	0.2
Maltese	125	0.1
Tigrigna	50	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,085	2.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	0.1
Vietnamese	2,960	2.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,295	1.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	25	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0.0
Ilocano	90	0.1
Indonesian	35	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,235	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Creole languages	100	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,915	1.8
Kannada	50	0.0
Malayalam	285	0.3
Tamil	1,530	1.4
Telugu	120	0.1
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	15	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	52,035	48.9
Albanian	525	0.5
Armenian	310	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	3,665	3.4
Baltic languages	45	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0.0
Slavic languages	3,645	3.4
Belarusian	10	0.0
Bulgarian	145	0.1
Czech	75	0.1
Macedonian	250	0.2
Polish	635	0.6
Russian	1,955	1.8
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	560	0.5
Bosnian	35	0.0
Croatian	405	0.4
Serbian	175	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	35	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	0.1
Ukrainian	380	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0.0
Irish	10	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	620	0.6
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	485	0.5
German	465	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0
Yiddish	10	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	0.1
Afrikaans	50	0.0
Dutch	80	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	0.0
Danish	15	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	895	0.8
Indo-Iranian languages	9,135	8.6
Indo-Aryan languages	7,140	6.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	140	0.1
Gujarati	1,185	1.1
Hindi	2,975	2.8
Kacchi	30	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	40	0.0
Marathi	115	0.1
Nepali	20	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,865	3.6
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	0.1
Urdu	1,450	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Iranian languages	2,125	2.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	240	0.2
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	185	0.2
Persian languages	1,830	1.7
Dari	840	0.8
Iranian Persian	885	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	125	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	37,675	35.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	30,375	28.6
Portuguese	2,530	2.4
Romanian	895	0.8
Spanish	5,250	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	85	0.1
Korean	640	0.6
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	495	0.5
Akan (Twi)	90	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	20	0.0
Éwé	10	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	90	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	55	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	215	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	60	0.1
American Sign Language	50	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,275	4.0
Chinese languages	4,260	4.0
Hakka	40	0.0
Mandarin	2,715	2.6
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	215	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,895	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0.0
Burmese	15	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	0.1
Lao	100	0.1
Thai	40	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	940	0.9
Azerbaijani	35	0.0
Kazakh	10	0.0
Turkish	870	0.8
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	25	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Uralic languages	310	0.3
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	10	0.0
Hungarian	295	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,310	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	265	0.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	245	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	120	0.1
Métis	110	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	106,050	99.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,310	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,195	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,670	100.0
Owner	30,630	88.3
Renter	4,040	11.7
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,670	100.0
Condominium	4,890	14.1
Not condominium	29,780	85.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,670	100.0
No bedrooms	95	0.3
1 bedroom	2,230	6.4
2 bedrooms	3,225	9.3
3 bedrooms	10,320	29.8
4 or more bedrooms	18,795	54.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,670	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	5,620	16.2
5 rooms	3,880	11.2
6 rooms	4,765	13.7
7 rooms	4,780	13.8
8 or more rooms	15,630	45.1
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	7.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,670	100.0
One person or fewer per room	33,910	97.8
More than one person per room	760	2.2
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,670	100.0
Suitable	32,785	94.6
Not suitable	1,885	5.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,670	100.0
1960 or before	565	1.6
1961 to 1980	2,720	7.8
1981 to 1990	7,725	22.3
1991 to 2000	8,895	25.7
2001 to 2005	6,905	19.9
2006 to 2010	3,410	9.8
2011 to 2015	1,960	5.7
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,490	7.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,670	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,740	97.3
Major repairs needed	930	2.7
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,670	100.0
One-maintainer household	12,865	37.1
Two-maintainer household	19,215	55.4
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,590	7.5
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,670	100.0
15 to 24 years	130	0.4
25 to 34 years	2,450	7.1
35 to 44 years	5,110	14.7
45 to 54 years	8,400	24.2
55 to 64 years	7,835	22.6
65 to 74 years	5,505	15.9
75 to 84 years	3,885	11.2
85 years and over	1,350	3.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,610	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,735	77.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,870	22.7
30% to less than 100%	7,230	20.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,670	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,005	28.9
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,265	21.0
Not suitable only	1,480	4.3
Major repairs needed only	580	1.7
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	330	1.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	270	0.8
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	0.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.0
Acceptable housing	24,665	71.1
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,965	100.0
In core need	3,220	9.5
Not in core need	30,745	90.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,630	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3	52.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.6	19.6
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	7.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	1,580
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,952	1,952
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000	1,200,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,247,000	1,247,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,045	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	46.5	46.5
% in core housing need⁶³	25.8	25.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,020	2,020
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,966	1,966
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,310	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	65	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	60	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30	0.0
Métis single ancestry	10	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	235	0.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	230	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	0.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,015	99.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,310	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,715	92.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,205	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,515	74.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,595	7.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,310	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	59,865	56.3
Immigrants⁸¹	45,125	42.4
Before 1980	18,240	17.2
1980 to 1990	5,505	5.2
1991 to 2000	8,680	8.2
2001 to 2010	7,115	6.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,585	5.3
2011 to 2015	2,585	2.4
2016 to 2021	3,000	2.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,315	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,130	100.0
Under 5 years	4,155	9.2
5 to 14 years	8,640	19.1
15 to 24 years	13,515	29.9
25 to 44 years	15,935	35.3
45 years and over	2,885	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,130	100.0
Americas	5,445	12.1
Brazil	260	0.6
Colombia	290	0.6
El Salvador	330	0.7
Guyana	760	1.7
Haiti	15	0.0
Jamaica	675	1.5
Mexico	240	0.5
Peru	165	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	345	0.8
United States of America	410	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	1,945	4.3
Europe	20,955	46.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	0.2
Croatia	195	0.4
France	145	0.3
Germany	160	0.4
Greece	325	0.7
Hungary	115	0.3
Italy	14,510	32.2
Netherlands	40	0.1
Poland	405	0.9
Portugal	1,215	2.7
Romania	705	1.6
Russian Federation	625	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	75	0.2
Ukraine	515	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,355	3.0
Africa	1,260	2.8
Algeria	15	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	255	0.6
Eritrea	35	0.1
Ethiopia	60	0.1
Morocco	20	0.0
Nigeria	350	0.8
Somalia	50	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	85	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	390	0.9
Asia	17,390	38.5
Afghanistan	535	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	865	1.9
Iraq	1,685	3.7
Lebanon	275	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	130	0.3
Turkey	515	1.1
China⁹⁰	1,970	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	245	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	475	1.1
Taiwan	55	0.1
Philippines	1,190	2.6
Viet Nam	2,205	4.9
Bangladesh	70	0.2
India	3,920	8.7
Pakistan	785	1.7
Sri Lanka	1,000	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,475	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,000	100.0
Americas	420	14.0
Brazil	65	2.2
Colombia	30	1.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0.7
Mexico	50	1.7
United States of America	85	2.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	130	4.3
Europe	335	11.2
France	30	1.0
Germany	15	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	65	2.2
Russian Federation	45	1.5
Ukraine	55	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	3.0
Africa	170	5.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	30	1.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	105	3.5
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0.5
Asia	2,060	68.7
Afghanistan	65	2.2
Bangladesh	20	0.7
China⁹⁰	315	10.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	580	19.3
Iran⁸⁸	75	2.5
Iraq	130	4.3
Israel	10	0.3
Japan	10	0.3
Jordan	15	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	15	0.5
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	95	3.2
Philippines	170	5.7
Saudi Arabia	10	0.3
Sri Lanka	15	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	20	0.7
Turkey	245	8.2
United Arab Emirates	15	0.5
Viet Nam	140	4.7
Other places of birth in Asia	100	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0.3
Australia	10	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,310	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	47,405	44.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	40,030	37.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,880	17.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	26,885	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,285	42.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,810	17.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,475	24.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,520	35.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,720	21.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	360	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	26,885	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,325	8.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,145	8.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	490	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,070	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	205	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20,640	76.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,310	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	36,270	34.1
South Asian	10,880	10.2
Chinese	4,215	4.0
Black	3,160	3.0
Filipino	1,785	1.7
Arab	2,030	1.9
Latin American	3,755	3.5
Southeast Asian	3,345	3.1
West Asian	3,325	3.1
Korean	785	0.7
Japanese	45	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,195	1.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,750	1.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,035	65.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,310	100.0
Canadian	5,655	5.3
English	2,680	2.5
Irish	2,505	2.4
Scottish	1,920	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,005	0.9
German	1,450	1.4
Chinese	4,950	4.7
Italian	49,660	46.7
Indian (India)	5,815	5.5
Ukrainian	1,145	1.1
Dutch	495	0.5
Polish	1,400	1.3
Québécois	15	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	665	0.6
Filipino	1,805	1.7
French Canadian	230	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	575	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	85	0.1
Métis	100	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,930	1.8
Russian	1,470	1.4
Norwegian	60	0.1
Welsh	160	0.2
Portuguese	3,695	3.5
American	280	0.3
Spanish	1,540	1.4
Swedish	40	0.0
Hungarian	550	0.5
Acadian	45	0.0
Pakistani	1,075	1.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	645	0.6
Jewish	505	0.5
Punjabi	1,035	1.0
Vietnamese	3,220	3.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	460	0.4
Greek	1,795	1.7
Jamaican	940	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	885	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0.0
Korean	785	0.7
Romanian	885	0.8
Lebanese	450	0.4
Iranian	795	0.7
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	675	0.6
Danish	95	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	0.0
Sikh	830	0.8
Austrian	245	0.2
Belgian	30	0.0
Haitian	45	0.0
Hindu	1,080	1.0
Mexican	435	0.4
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	60	0.1
Finnish	80	0.1
Sri Lankan	775	0.7
Croatian	780	0.7
Japanese	80	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	690	0.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	0.0
Muslim	345	0.3
Egyptian	445	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	580	0.5
Tamil	955	0.9
Icelandic	20	0.0
Colombian	430	0.4
Moroccan	20	0.0
Czech	75	0.1
Syrian	160	0.2
Guyanese	900	0.8
Afghan	985	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	0.2
Serbian	190	0.2
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	70	0.1
Hong Konger	110	0.1
Ontarian	75	0.1
Persian	265	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	360	0.3
Turkish	805	0.8
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	0.0
Algerian	10	0.0
Brazilian	375	0.4
Nigerian	295	0.3
Armenian	405	0.4
Slovak	100	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	0.1
Somali	65	0.1
Taiwanese	90	0.1
Iraqi	1,060	1.0
Salvadorean	375	0.4
African Caribbean	350	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	240	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	445	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	0.1
Algonquin	0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	370	0.3
Lithuanian	135	0.1
South African	45	0.0
Australian	40	0.0
Palestinian	145	0.1
Chilean	255	0.2
Congolese	10	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0.0
Ethiopian	75	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	230	0.2
Peruvian	225	0.2
Yoruba	155	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	230	0.2
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	580	0.5
Maltese	400	0.4
Macedonian	360	0.3
Slovenian	325	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	0.0
Gujarati	190	0.2
Eritrean	45	0.0
African Canadian	65	0.1
Israeli	80	0.1
Mohawk	0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	0.0
Bulgarian	150	0.1
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	105	0.1
Barbadian	85	0.1
African American	30	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	110	0.1
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	0.1
Cuban	135	0.1
Bosnian	30	0.0
Venezuelan	135	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	35	0.0
Bengali	55	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	0.1
Indonesian	15	0.0
Laotian	115	0.1
Ilocano	35	0.0
Northern Irish	30	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	860	0.8
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	370	0.3
Estonian	25	0.0
Kurdish	265	0.2
Fijian	30	0.0
Jatt	20	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	0.0
Coptic	105	0.1
Thai	60	0.1
Dominican	155	0.1
Nepali	50	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	895	0.8
Igbo	100	0.1
Byelorussian	85	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	70	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	15	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	30	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	200	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	110	0.1
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	40	0.0
Jordanian	110	0.1
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	20	0.0
Malayali	25	0.0
Chaldean	420	0.4
Sinhalese	35	0.0
Mayan	20	0.0
Honduran	15	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	125	0.1
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	0.0
Sicilian	155	0.1
Pashtun	20	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	75	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	25	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	60	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	60	0.1
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	10	0.0
Uruguayan	120	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	20	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	15	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	15	0.0
Tajik	30	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,310	100.0
Buddhist	2,635	2.5
Christian	77,550	72.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,195	4.9
Anabaptist	40	0.0
Anglican	535	0.5
Baptist	305	0.3
Catholic	64,350	60.5
Christian Orthodox	4,170	3.9
Jehovah's Witness	420	0.4
Latter Day Saints	40	0.0
Lutheran	115	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,050	1.0
Presbyterian	340	0.3
Reformed	20	0.0
United Church	325	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	610	0.6
Hindu	5,025	4.7
Jewish	475	0.4
Muslim	5,245	4.9
Sikh	2,870	2.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	295	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	12,205	11.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,500	100.0
Non-movers	98,885	93.7
Movers	6,610	6.3
Non-migrants	3,405	3.2
Migrants	3,200	3.0
Internal migrants	2,680	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,575	2.4
Interprovincial migrants	100	0.1
External migrants	520	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,175	100.0
Non-movers	77,335	75.7
Movers	24,845	24.3
Non-migrants	9,305	9.1
Migrants	15,540	15.2
Internal migrants	12,565	12.3
Intraprovincial migrants	12,150	11.9
Interprovincial migrants	415	0.4
External migrants	2,970	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,820	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,530	22.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,290	77.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,475	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,670	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,800	90.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,825	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,165	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,275	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,385	52.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,455	24.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,000	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,500	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,505	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,310	16.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,145	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,930	27.4
Bachelor's degree	17,250	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,870	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	0.5
Master's degree	4,795	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	555	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,470	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,115	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,470	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,885	67.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,145	30.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,065	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,405	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,660	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,460	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,620	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,745	36.7
Bachelor's degree	14,020	24.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	0.7
Master's degree	4,320	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,825	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,440	47.8
Education	3,025	3.3
13. Education	3,025	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,670	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,510	1.7
Humanities	2,430	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	450	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	490	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	0.1
54. History	265	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,810	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	705	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,025	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,560	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0.1
42. Psychology	915	1.0
45. Social sciences	2,415	2.7
Business, management and public administration	12,010	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,365	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,070	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	755	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	660	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,400	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,895	2.1
25. Library science	90	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,060	11.1
04. Architecture and related services	595	0.7
14. Engineering	3,345	3.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,910	2.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,105	2.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,315	1.4
48. Precision production	785	0.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	365	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	0.1
Health and related fields	3,990	4.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,305	3.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,545	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,755	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	535	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,475	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,585	32.9
Education	2,485	4.4
13. Education	2,485	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,350	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,235	2.2
Humanities	1,915	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	400	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	0.1
54. History	230	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,605	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,370	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0.1
42. Psychology	700	1.2
45. Social sciences	2,055	3.6
Business, management and public administration	10,115	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,565	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	550	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0.1
40. Physical sciences	400	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,140	3.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,725	3.1
25. Library science	60	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	300	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,495	13.3
04. Architecture and related services	485	0.9
14. Engineering	2,755	4.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,470	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,380	2.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	950	1.7
48. Precision production	455	0.8
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	0.2
Health and related fields	3,145	5.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,675	4.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,810	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,190	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,475	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,585	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,890	67.1
Location of study inside Canada	29,515	52.3
Same as province or territory of residence	28,685	50.8
Different than province or territory of residence	830	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,370	14.8
Americas	1,640	2.9
United States of America	825	1.5
Mexico	110	0.2
Cuba	25	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	45	0.1
Brazil	105	0.2
Colombia	100	0.2
Peru	30	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	75	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	310	0.5
Europe	2,290	4.1
Belgium	10	0.0
France	65	0.1
Germany	25	0.0
Netherlands	25	0.0
Switzerland	20	0.0
Hungary	15	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	0.1
Poland	85	0.2
Romania	400	0.7
Russian Federation	360	0.6
Ukraine	240	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	25	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0.0
Italy	250	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	330	0.6
Africa	220	0.4
Nigeria	70	0.1
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	10	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	75	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0.0
Asia	4,145	7.3
Iran⁸⁸	230	0.4
Iraq	310	0.5
Israel	50	0.1
Lebanon	30	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	0.0
Turkey	130	0.2
China⁹⁰	670	1.2
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0.0
Japan	15	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	125	0.2
Philippines	495	0.9
Viet Nam	135	0.2
Bangladesh	10	0.0
Sri Lanka	80	0.1
India	1,330	2.4
Pakistan	180	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	295	0.5
Oceania	75	0.1
Australia	70	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,825	...
In the labour force	58,045	...
Employed	50,700	...
Unemployed	7,345	...
Not in the labour force	32,775	...
Participation rate	63.9	63.9
Employment rate	55.8	55.8
Unemployment rate	12.7	12.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,825	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,445	36.8
Worked	57,380	63.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,505	35.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,875	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,045	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,435	97.2
Employee	47,155	81.2
Permanent position	40,925	70.5
Temporary position	6,235	10.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,275	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,960	6.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,275	16.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,045	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,435	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,070	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,925	22.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,090	8.8
3 Health occupations	2,415	4.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,520	11.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,280	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,965	24.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,055	17.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	490	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,625	4.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,045	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	56,435	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	0.1
22 Utilities	225	0.4
23 Construction	7,140	12.3
31-33 Manufacturing	6,110	10.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,680	4.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,705	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,815	4.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,160	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	3,755	6.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,500	2.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,230	9.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	350	0.6
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	3.3
61 Educational services	4,850	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	4,225	7.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	705	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,425	4.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,370	4.1
91 Public administration	2,105	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,755	100.0
English	57,675	93.4
French	70	0.1
Non-official language	495	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	495	0.8
English and French	600	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,845	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,755	100.0
Single responses	61,195	99.1
Official languages	60,215	97.5
English	60,070	97.3
French	145	0.2
Non-official languages	975	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	975	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	25	0.0
Aramaic languages	10	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	15	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	580	0.9
Albanian	10	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	25	0.0
Russian	35	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	105	0.2
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	0.1
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	20	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	0.6
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	200	0.3
Portuguese	40	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	135	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	30	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	0.3
Chinese languages	190	0.3
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	160	0.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	40	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	560	0.9
English and French	95	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	460	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,755	100.0
None	58,725	95.1
English	510	0.8
French	445	0.7
Non-official language	1,815	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,815	2.9
English and French	10	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,700	100.0
Worked at home	14,560	28.7
Worked outside Canada	135	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,510	12.8
Usual place of work	29,490	58.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,490	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,780	50.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,530	5.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,170	44.7
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,005	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,170	92.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,685	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,480	6.9
Public transit	1,510	4.2
Walked	485	1.3
Bicycle	75	0.2
Other method	760	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,005	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,975	22.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,200	36.7
30 to 44 minutes	9,110	25.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,135	8.7
60 minutes and over	2,585	7.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,005	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,660	7.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,930	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,065	25.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,350	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,695	15.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,305	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,490	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,330	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,160	93.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,160	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	6.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,060	93.2

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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