Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Wellington--Halton HillsMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	127,873	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	120,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,288	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,712	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	85.7	...	...	85.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,492.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	127,875	63,690	64,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,300	11,015	10,285	16.7	17.3	16.0
0 to 4 years	5,980	3,030	2,950	4.7	4.8	4.6
5 to 9 years	7,190	3,790	3,400	5.6	6.0	5.3
10 to 14 years	8,130	4,195	3,930	6.4	6.6	6.1
15 to 64 years	83,650	41,965	41,680	65.4	65.9	64.9
15 to 19 years	8,375	4,390	3,985	6.5	6.9	6.2
20 to 24 years	7,485	4,005	3,480	5.9	6.3	5.4
25 to 29 years	6,225	3,330	2,900	4.9	5.2	4.5
30 to 34 years	6,810	3,355	3,450	5.3	5.3	5.4
35 to 39 years	7,680	3,710	3,970	6.0	5.8	6.2
40 to 44 years	8,090	3,880	4,205	6.3	6.1	6.6
45 to 49 years	8,905	4,370	4,535	7.0	6.9	7.1
50 to 54 years	9,845	4,785	5,060	7.7	7.5	7.9
55 to 59 years	10,940	5,520	5,420	8.6	8.7	8.4
60 to 64 years	9,305	4,630	4,670	7.3	7.3	7.3
65 years and over	22,925	10,710	12,215	17.9	16.8	19.0
65 to 69 years	7,110	3,490	3,620	5.6	5.5	5.6
70 to 74 years	6,100	2,845	3,255	4.8	4.5	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,355	2,060	2,290	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,780	1,250	1,530	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	2,580	1,060	1,520	2.0	1.7	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,725	780	940	1.3	1.2	1.5
90 to 94 years	690	245	445	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	150	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.3	16.0	16.7	17.3	16.0
15 to 64 years	65.4	65.9	64.9	65.4	65.9	64.9
65 years and over	17.9	16.8	19.0	17.9	16.8	19.0
85 years and over	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
Average age of the population	42.1	41.2	42.9	42.1	41.2	42.9
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.8	43.6	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,370	...	...	77.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,570	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	3,070	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	865	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,460	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	995	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,480	...	...	18.5	...	...
2 persons	15,490	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	7,735	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	8,910	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	5,095	...	...	11.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	126,580	63,160	63,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	106,575	52,680	53,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,390	33,705	33,690	63.2	64.0	62.5
Married	58,195	29,090	29,105	54.6	55.2	54.0
Living common-law	9,190	4,610	4,585	8.6	8.8	8.5
Living common law - Never married	5,725	2,890	2,840	5.4	5.5	5.3
Living common law - Separated	580	300	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,595	1,295	1,305	2.4	2.5	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	39,185	18,975	20,205	36.8	36.0	37.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,330	14,615	11,715	24.7	27.7	21.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,550	1,150	1,400	2.4	2.2	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,040	2,040	3,000	4.7	3.9	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,265	1,170	4,095	4.9	2.2	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,380	...	...	46.0	...	...
3 persons	8,035	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	8,850	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,510	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,255	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	28,660	...	...	75.9	...	...
With children⁶	16,640	...	...	44.0	...	...
Without children	12,025	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,600	...	...	12.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,930	...	...	5.1	...	...
Without children	2,665	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,515	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,370	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,145	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	126,575	63,165	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	112,875	56,870	56,010	89.2	90.0	88.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,515	33,255	33,260	52.5	52.6	52.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,520	1,150	3,370	3.6	1.8	5.3
Children⁶	41,845	22,465	19,375	33.1	35.6	30.6
In a two-parent family	34,975	18,590	16,380	27.6	29.4	25.8
In a one-parent family	6,875	3,880	3,000	5.4	6.1	4.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,700	6,290	7,405	10.8	10.0	11.7
Living alone	8,480	3,705	4,780	6.7	5.9	7.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,580	1,015	1,565	2.0	1.6	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,640	1,575	1,065	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,420	...	...	70.9	...	...
Couple-family households	29,050	...	...	63.6	...	...
With children⁶	16,355	...	...	35.8	...	...
Without children	12,695	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,375	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	4.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,345	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,030	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	8,480	...	...	18.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,820	50,360	51,460	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	57,200	42,000	48,800	57,200	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,915	50,410	51,505	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,200	38,000	43,200	49,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,320	47,810	47,515	90.5	91.7	89.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,600	35,200	43,600	53,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,490	40,700	37,795	74.5	78.0	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	54,800	38,400	46,400	54,800	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,785	43,130	45,655	84.3	82.7	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	4,520	8,600	6,750	4,520	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,950	3,370	4,580	7.5	6.5	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,640	5,480	5,200	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,280	12,305	12,975	24.0	23.6	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,850	50,270	51,575	96.7	96.4	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,200	78,800	53,800	66,200	78,800	53,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,945	50,305	51,640	96.8	96.4	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,750	61,100	44,640	52,750	61,100	44,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,265	47,620	47,645	90.5	91.3	89.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,050	75,800	48,320	62,050	75,800	48,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,495	40,655	37,840	74.5	77.9	71.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,650	73,900	48,560	61,650	73,900	48,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,985	43,025	45,960	84.5	82.5	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,220	10,280	9,280	8,220	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,930	3,295	4,635	7.5	6.3	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	5,485	7,370	6,590	5,485	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,265	12,140	13,130	24.0	23.3	24.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,160	7,740	8,540	8,160	7,740	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,035	23,265	17,770	39.0	44.6	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	81,000	67,000	74,000	81,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,800	105,300	76,400	92,800	105,300	76,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,585	12,985	15,600	27.1	24.9	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,200	16,600	18,400	21,200	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	35,960	25,440	30,200	35,960	25,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8	91.0	83.0	87.8	91.0	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	75.8	66.2	71.8	75.8	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.3	8.9	17.0	12.3	8.9	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.8	3.5	2.6	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	4.0	3.1	2.4	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	105,300	52,165	53,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,475	1,800	1,680	3.3	3.5	3.2
With total income	101,825	50,360	51,460	96.7	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,290	3,575	4,710	8.1	7.1	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,570	4,305	6,265	10.4	8.5	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,630	5,215	7,415	12.4	10.4	14.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,565	4,475	6,090	10.4	8.9	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,985	4,590	5,390	9.8	9.1	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,945	4,210	4,740	8.8	8.4	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,805	3,990	3,810	7.7	7.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,325	3,460	2,870	6.2	6.9	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,005	2,860	2,140	4.9	5.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	4,560	2,610	1,955	4.5	5.2	3.8
$100,000 and over	17,145	11,055	6,085	16.8	22.0	11.8
$100,000 to $149,999	11,035	6,715	4,315	10.8	13.3	8.4
$150,000 and over	6,110	4,345	1,765	6.0	8.6	3.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	105,300	52,165	53,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,380	1,750	1,630	3.2	3.4	3.1
With after-tax income	101,915	50,410	51,505	96.8	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,825	3,775	5,050	8.7	7.5	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,135	4,580	6,555	10.9	9.1	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,340	5,890	8,450	14.1	11.7	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,675	5,585	7,090	12.4	11.1	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,285	5,845	6,440	12.1	11.6	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,355	5,270	5,080	10.2	10.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,055	4,420	3,640	7.9	8.8	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,345	3,695	2,650	6.2	7.3	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,480	2,980	2,500	5.4	5.9	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,430	2,120	1,310	3.4	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,990	6,240	2,750	8.8	12.4	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,275	2,860	1,415	4.2	5.7	2.7
$125,000 and over	4,715	3,385	1,335	4.6	6.7	2.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	105,300	52,165	53,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,805	11,465	15,345	25.5	22.0	28.9
With employment income	78,495	40,695	37,795	74.5	78.0	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,565	4,960	5,600	13.5	12.2	14.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,685	2,500	3,185	7.2	6.1	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,950	3,640	4,310	10.1	8.9	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,770	2,550	3,215	7.4	6.3	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,550	2,490	3,060	7.1	6.1	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,920	2,745	3,175	7.5	6.7	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,945	2,935	3,015	7.6	7.2	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,395	2,925	2,470	6.9	7.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,405	2,485	1,920	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,940	2,270	1,670	5.0	5.6	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,740	2,135	1,610	4.8	5.2	4.3
$100,000 and over	13,630	9,065	4,565	17.4	22.3	12.1
$100,000 to $124,999	6,180	3,720	2,460	7.9	9.1	6.5
$125,000 and over	7,450	5,345	2,105	9.5	13.1	5.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,790	49,240	50,555	94.8	94.4	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	57,200	41,200	48,400	57,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,825	49,245	50,580	94.8	94.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	36,800	42,400	48,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,140	47,080	47,060	89.4	90.3	88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	36,800	45,200	54,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,660	40,645	38,020	74.7	77.9	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,400	39,600	47,200	56,400	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,070	40,275	42,795	78.9	77.2	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,700	760	4,120	1,700	760	4,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,315	2,480	3,835	6.0	4.8	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,000	6,080	5,560	5,000	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,840	49,250	50,595	94.8	94.4	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,400	77,900	51,350	64,400	77,900	51,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,865	49,260	50,605	94.8	94.4	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	59,950	42,720	51,250	59,950	42,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,170	46,975	47,195	89.4	90.1	88.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,450	76,700	48,200	62,450	76,700	48,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,775	40,685	38,090	74.8	78.0	71.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,950	74,400	48,720	61,950	74,400	48,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,060	40,290	42,775	78.9	77.2	80.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,640	5,690	7,540	6,640	5,690	7,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,210	2,385	3,820	5.9	4.6	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	6,185	8,530	7,630	6,185	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,865	23,190	17,670	38.8	44.5	33.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	78,000	62,800	71,000	78,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,800	101,300	72,300	88,800	101,300	72,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,220	12,325	14,895	25.8	23.6	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,200	21,600	24,000	28,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	43,800	30,760	36,680	43,800	30,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.0	87.6	91.4	94.0	87.6
Employment income (%)	76.0	79.0	71.4	76.0	79.0	71.4
Government transfers (%)	8.6	6.0	12.4	8.6	6.0	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.3	0.7	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,200	...	...	50,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,000	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	380	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	860	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	960	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	940	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,130	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,200	...	...	4.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,390	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,360	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	...	...	5.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,190	...	...	59.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,545	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,935	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,380	...	...	16.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,330	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	960	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,160	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,320	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,380	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,320	...	...	51.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,555	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,255	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,505	...	...	25.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,120	5,275	5,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	48,800	42,800	45,200	48,800	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,800	38,800	40,400	42,800	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,800	...	...	166,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	199,200	...	...	199,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...	157,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,175	5,260	5,905	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,200	61,000	51,900	56,200	61,000	51,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,440	48,960	44,240	46,440	48,960	44,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	126,580	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,370	13,665	12,705	20.8	21.6	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,405	3,785	3,620	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	78,180	39,075	39,100	61.8	61.9	61.7
65 years and over	22,025	10,420	11,610	17.4	16.5	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,365	3,030	3,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,240	675	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	355	190	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,525	1,770	1,755	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,595	590	1,010	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.0	4.8	5.3	5.0	4.8	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.9	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.6	4.8	5.0	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
65 years and over (%)	7.3	5.7	8.7	7.3	5.7	8.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	126,575	63,165	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,375	13,670	12,710	20.8	21.6	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,405	3,785	3,625	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	78,180	39,075	39,105	61.8	61.9	61.7
65 years and over	22,025	10,420	11,605	17.4	16.5	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,445	1,360	1,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	205	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	45	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,805	1,040	760	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	110	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	2.2	1.7	1.9	2.2	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.7	1.9	2.3	2.7	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,505	19,160	20,345	31.2	30.3	32.1
In bottom decile	5,735	2,875	2,855	4.5	4.6	4.5
In second decile	6,605	3,005	3,600	5.2	4.8	5.7
In third decile	7,435	3,610	3,820	5.9	5.7	6.0
In fourth decile	9,210	4,485	4,725	7.3	7.1	7.5
In fifth decile	10,525	5,180	5,340	8.3	8.2	8.4
In top half of the distribution	87,075	44,000	43,075	68.8	69.7	67.9
In sixth decile	11,915	5,930	5,985	9.4	9.4	9.4
In seventh decile	14,030	7,070	6,960	11.1	11.2	11.0
In eighth decile	17,035	8,600	8,435	13.5	13.6	13.3
In ninth decile	20,890	10,565	10,325	16.5	16.7	16.3
In top decile	23,200	11,835	11,365	18.3	18.7	17.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	126,575	...	...	126,575	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.331	...	...	0.331	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.406	...	...	0.406	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	117,110	59,230	57,885	92.0	93.4	90.7
French only	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,405	3,905	5,495	7.4	6.2	8.6
Neither English nor French	710	275	430	0.6	0.4	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,725	62,290	62,435	98.0	98.2	97.8
French	1,545	735	810	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	680	260	420	0.5	0.4	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,425	62,040	62,385	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	109,205	54,600	54,605	85.8	86.1	85.6
English	107,630	53,855	53,770	84.6	84.9	84.3
French	1,580	745	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	15,220	7,440	7,775	12.0	11.7	12.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,215	7,435	7,775	12.0	11.7	12.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	505	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	505	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	435	160	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	355	130	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,505	6,200	6,305	9.8	9.8	9.9
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,545	1,670	1,880	2.8	2.6	2.9
Baltic languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,495	1,650	1,840	2.7	2.6	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,515	700	815	1.2	1.1	1.3
Russian	315	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,125	555	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	940	470	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,225	1,110	1,110	1.7	1.8	1.7
Frisian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,170	590	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
German	995	500	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	905	450	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	805	400	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,695	1,380	1,310	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,475	1,265	1,210	1.9	2.0	1.9
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,400	730	670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	410	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,690	1,875	1,815	2.9	3.0	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,130	625	505	0.9	1.0	0.8
Portuguese	1,410	700	715	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	930	445	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	260	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	615	265	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	170	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,820	1,380	1,440	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	540	235	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,065	1,055	1,010	1.6	1.7	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,940	56,115	55,830	88.0	88.5	87.5
French	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,775	1,355	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,775	1,355	1,420	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	1,365	575	790	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	10,315	4,980	5,335	8.1	7.9	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	395	185	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	190	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,905	62,270	62,635	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	119,185	59,440	59,740	93.7	93.7	93.6
English	118,775	59,250	59,525	93.3	93.4	93.3
French	410	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,720	2,825	2,890	4.5	4.5	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,720	2,825	2,890	4.5	4.5	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,480	2,225	2,255	3.5	3.5	3.5
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,350	655	695	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,340	650	690	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	635	310	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	375	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,680	860	820	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,585	815	765	1.2	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	985	515	465	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	980	475	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	375	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	375	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,340	1,155	1,185	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,055	1,025	1,035	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	127,245	63,420	63,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	116,935	58,570	58,370	91.9	92.4	91.5
English	2,580	1,285	1,295	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	1,065	435	630	0.8	0.7	1.0
Non-official language	5,615	2,615	3,000	4.4	4.1	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,615	2,610	3,000	4.4	4.1	4.7
English and French	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	126,580	63,160	63,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	125,885	62,945	62,945	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	125,880	62,945	62,935	99.4	99.7	99.2
French	9,380	3,840	5,545	7.4	6.1	8.7
Non-official languages	21,695	10,630	11,065	17.1	16.8	17.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,690	10,620	11,065	17.1	16.8	17.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	795	445	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	795	435	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	620	355	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	660	245	415	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600	225	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	310	160	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,040	8,940	9,100	14.3	14.2	14.3
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,570	2,200	2,375	3.6	3.5	3.7
Baltic languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	4,500	2,170	2,325	3.6	3.4	3.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	2,065	985	1,080	1.6	1.6	1.7
Russian	495	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,575	805	770	1.2	1.3	1.2
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,320	675	645	1.0	1.1	1.0
Serbian	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	310	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,080	1,535	1,550	2.4	2.4	2.4
Frisian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,850	905	945	1.5	1.4	1.5
German	1,660	810	855	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pennsylvania German	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,200	620	580	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afrikaans	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,030	535	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	435	250	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,330	2,215	2,115	3.4	3.5	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,955	2,020	1,935	3.1	3.2	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	1,635	815	820	1.3	1.3	1.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,210	1,155	1,060	1.7	1.8	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	870	445	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	405	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	335	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	150	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,890	2,875	3,020	4.7	4.6	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,870	965	910	1.5	1.5	1.4
Portuguese	1,885	945	940	1.5	1.5	1.5
Romanian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,150	930	1,215	1.7	1.5	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	785	360	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	785	360	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	575	265	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	440	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,255	1,040	1,215	1.8	1.6	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,155	980	1,175	1.7	1.6	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,235	565	665	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis	900	410	490	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	124,330	62,120	62,200	98.2	98.4	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	560	295	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,025	62,870	63,155	99.6	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	39,090	...	...	85.5	...	...
Renter	6,625	...	...	14.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,280	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not condominium	42,435	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,665	...	...	5.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,695	...	...	14.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,460	...	...	40.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,780	...	...	38.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,815	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 rooms	5,255	...	...	11.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,675	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	7,040	...	...	15.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,930	...	...	45.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,290	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,400	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,315	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,315	...	...	20.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,400	...	...	24.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,145	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,220	...	...	15.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,325	...	...	9.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,715	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,525	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,065	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,745	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,965	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,145	...	...	39.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,450	...	...	55.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,120	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,720	...	...	16.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,950	...	...	21.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,030	...	...	24.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,270	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,065	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,535	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,100	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,875	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,075	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,355	...	...	22.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,185	...	...	15.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,045	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,350	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,360	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,040	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	41,130	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.3	...	...	61.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,870	...	...	1,870	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	972,000	...	...	972,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,585	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.3	...	...	38.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	126,580	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	535	230	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	520	230	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	340	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis single ancestry	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,760	1,295	1,465	2.2	2.1	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,710	1,270	1,440	2.1	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	920	1,025	1.5	1.5	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	750	345	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	123,285	61,640	61,650	97.4	97.6	97.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	126,580	63,160	63,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,550	61,240	61,310	96.8	97.0	96.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,785	13,435	12,350	20.4	21.3	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	96,755	47,805	48,955	76.4	75.7	77.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,030	1,925	2,110	3.2	3.0	3.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	126,580	63,160	63,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,500	52,950	52,550	83.3	83.8	82.9
Immigrants⁸¹	20,665	9,965	10,705	16.3	15.8	16.9
Before 1980	7,965	3,940	4,025	6.3	6.2	6.3
1980 to 1990	3,195	1,585	1,610	2.5	2.5	2.5
1991 to 2000	3,705	1,700	2,000	2.9	2.7	3.2
2001 to 2010	3,270	1,510	1,755	2.6	2.4	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,535	1,230	1,305	2.0	1.9	2.1
2011 to 2015	1,270	615	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,265	610	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	410	250	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,670	9,965	10,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,750	1,285	1,470	13.3	12.9	13.7
5 to 14 years	4,560	2,360	2,200	22.1	23.7	20.6
15 to 24 years	4,580	2,155	2,420	22.2	21.6	22.6
25 to 44 years	7,705	3,730	3,980	37.3	37.4	37.2
45 years and over	1,070	430	640	5.2	4.3	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,670	9,965	10,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,775	1,260	1,515	13.4	12.6	14.2
Brazil	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Colombia	145	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
El Salvador	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyana	240	125	115	1.2	1.3	1.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	390	230	165	1.9	2.3	1.5
Mexico	110	30	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Peru	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	195	90	105	0.9	0.9	1.0
United States of America	925	350	575	4.5	3.5	5.4
Other places of birth in Americas	595	285	305	2.9	2.9	2.8
Europe	11,595	5,655	5,935	56.1	56.7	55.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	140	140	1.4	1.4	1.3
Croatia	335	165	170	1.6	1.7	1.6
France	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	650	335	320	3.1	3.4	3.0
Greece	140	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hungary	155	95	60	0.7	1.0	0.6
Italy	760	430	330	3.7	4.3	3.1
Netherlands	815	455	360	3.9	4.6	3.4
Poland	1,230	550	675	6.0	5.5	6.3
Portugal	960	505	455	4.6	5.1	4.3
Romania	225	110	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian Federation	145	70	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	135	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ukraine	165	90	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,495	2,060	2,435	21.7	20.7	22.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,055	500	550	5.1	5.0	5.1
Africa	885	470	410	4.3	4.7	3.8
Algeria	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	170	95	75	0.8	1.0	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	150	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	195	95	100	0.9	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	335	185	155	1.6	1.9	1.4
Asia	5,200	2,460	2,745	25.2	24.7	25.6
Afghanistan	125	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	115	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.4
Iraq	150	75	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lebanon	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	55	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Turkey	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	415	155	260	2.0	1.6	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	600	205	390	2.9	2.1	3.6
Viet Nam	150	70	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	2,060	1,005	1,060	10.0	10.1	9.9
Pakistan	510	255	255	2.5	2.6	2.4
Sri Lanka	155	70	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	485	245	240	2.3	2.5	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	215	120	90	1.0	1.2	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,260	615	650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	85	110	15.5	13.8	16.9
Brazil	25	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.3
Colombia	20	10	10	1.6	1.6	1.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	70	25	45	5.6	4.1	6.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	30	4.0	4.1	4.6
Europe	260	115	140	20.6	18.7	21.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	35	40	6.3	5.7	6.2
Other places of birth in Europe	130	55	80	10.3	8.9	12.3
Africa	45	30	15	3.6	4.9	2.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	755	380	375	59.9	61.8	57.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	35	35	5.6	5.7	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	400	210	190	31.7	34.1	29.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	15	25	3.2	2.4	3.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	0	1.6	1.6	0.0
Philippines	85	45	40	6.7	7.3	6.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.8	4.1	1.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	20	2.0	1.6	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	21,960	10,625	11,335	17.3	16.8	17.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,995	15,130	14,865	23.7	24.0	23.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,625	37,405	37,220	59.0	59.2	58.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,705	6,030	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,515	3,245	3,270	51.3	53.8	49.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,540	1,760	780	20.0	29.2	11.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,970	1,485	2,490	31.2	24.6	37.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,475	1,840	2,635	35.2	30.5	39.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,575	880	700	12.4	14.6	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	145	65	80	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,705	6,030	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	500	295	205	3.9	4.9	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,580	735	845	12.4	12.2	12.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	135	120	2.0	2.2	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	515	245	275	4.1	4.1	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145	70	75	1.1	1.2	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,700	4,550	5,155	76.3	75.5	77.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,430	6,725	6,700	10.6	10.6	10.6
South Asian	5,510	2,830	2,685	4.4	4.5	4.2
Chinese	1,065	500	570	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black	1,900	940	960	1.5	1.5	1.5
Filipino	1,105	450	655	0.9	0.7	1.0
Arab	495	300	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	960	470	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	310	160	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	335	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	310	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	460	270	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	685	355	335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	113,145	56,430	56,720	89.4	89.3	89.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	126,580	63,160	63,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,030	10,100	9,925	15.8	16.0	15.6
English	34,705	16,980	17,725	27.4	26.9	27.9
Irish	26,595	12,665	13,930	21.0	20.1	22.0
Scottish	29,090	14,485	14,605	23.0	22.9	23.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,050	3,935	4,120	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	15,190	7,875	7,320	12.0	12.5	11.5
Chinese	1,420	695	725	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italian	9,615	4,985	4,635	7.6	7.9	7.3
Indian (India)	3,370	1,690	1,680	2.7	2.7	2.6
Ukrainian	3,785	1,865	1,925	3.0	3.0	3.0
Dutch	7,955	4,020	3,935	6.3	6.4	6.2
Polish	5,800	2,775	3,030	4.6	4.4	4.8
Québécois	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,385	3,635	3,755	5.8	5.8	5.9
Filipino	1,170	490	675	0.9	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	1,675	785	890	1.3	1.2	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,965	965	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,000	460	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	985	440	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,755	850	905	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian	1,175	560	615	0.9	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	795	360	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	2,710	1,325	1,385	2.1	2.1	2.2
Portuguese	4,545	2,290	2,255	3.6	3.6	3.6
American	1,625	775	845	1.3	1.2	1.3
Spanish	920	490	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Swedish	595	275	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	1,705	865	835	1.3	1.4	1.3
Acadian	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	775	405	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	410	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	655	360	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Vietnamese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	1,255	630	625	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jamaican	835	435	400	0.7	0.7	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	145	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	545	260	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	270	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	675	325	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Danish	970	440	530	0.8	0.7	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	420	175	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	515	300	220	0.4	0.5	0.3
Austrian	760	360	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	515	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	315	185	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	325	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	970	525	445	0.8	0.8	0.7
Finnish	530	280	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	1,795	935	865	1.4	1.5	1.4
Japanese	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombian	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	435	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	505	305	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afghan	240	150	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	745	390	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	310	140	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	835	425	410	0.7	0.7	0.6
Macedonian	245	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovenian	480	215	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	126,575	63,160	63,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	320	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	75,425	35,660	39,770	59.6	56.5	62.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,830	4,710	5,120	7.8	7.5	8.1
Anabaptist	605	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anglican	6,840	3,125	3,720	5.4	4.9	5.9
Baptist	1,390	680	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catholic	35,300	16,770	18,530	27.9	26.6	29.2
Christian Orthodox	1,515	740	775	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	410	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,200	505	695	0.9	0.8	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	325	150	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,165	515	650	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	4,230	1,995	2,230	3.3	3.2	3.5
Reformed	1,335	715	615	1.1	1.1	1.0
United Church	7,785	3,535	4,250	6.2	5.6	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,370	1,670	1,700	2.7	2.6	2.7
Hindu	1,450	745	705	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jewish	290	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	1,890	1,010	875	1.5	1.6	1.4
Sikh	1,975	1,010	960	1.6	1.6	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	495	225	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	44,720	24,245	20,475	35.3	38.4	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	125,605	62,685	62,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	114,005	56,980	57,025	90.8	90.9	90.6
Movers	11,600	5,705	5,895	9.2	9.1	9.4
Non-migrants	3,470	1,690	1,780	2.8	2.7	2.8
Migrants	8,130	4,020	4,115	6.5	6.4	6.5
Internal migrants	7,815	3,850	3,965	6.2	6.1	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	7,590	3,750	3,845	6.0	6.0	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	320	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	120,530	60,115	60,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,425	40,240	40,190	66.7	66.9	66.5
Movers	40,105	19,875	20,230	33.3	33.1	33.5
Non-migrants	9,890	4,995	4,890	8.2	8.3	8.1
Migrants	30,215	14,875	15,335	25.1	24.7	25.4
Internal migrants	28,925	14,225	14,700	24.0	23.7	24.3
Intraprovincial migrants	28,095	13,810	14,295	23.3	23.0	23.7
Interprovincial migrants	830	420	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	1,290	650	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,255	8,975	7,285	15.4	17.2	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,045	43,190	45,855	84.6	82.8	86.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,485	33,395	34,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,610	3,370	2,235	8.3	10.1	6.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,880	30,025	31,855	91.7	89.9	93.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	105,300	52,165	53,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,635	7,935	6,700	13.9	15.2	12.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,735	15,175	15,560	29.2	29.1	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,930	29,050	30,880	56.9	55.7	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,395	17,655	15,750	31.7	33.8	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,705	5,335	1,370	6.4	10.2	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,825	1,925	905	2.7	3.7	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,875	3,410	465	3.7	6.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,730	11,360	13,370	23.5	21.8	25.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965	960	1,010	1.9	1.8	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,535	11,400	15,135	25.2	21.9	28.5
Bachelor's degree	18,830	7,920	10,910	17.9	15.2	20.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,690	620	1,070	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	255	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,715	2,150	2,560	4.5	4.1	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	455	255	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,485	33,395	34,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,770	2,850	1,915	7.1	8.5	5.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,190	8,930	8,260	25.5	26.7	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,530	21,620	23,915	67.5	64.7	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,795	13,080	11,710	36.7	39.2	34.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,565	3,695	865	6.8	11.1	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,865	1,305	560	2.8	3.9	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,700	2,395	305	4.0	7.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,885	8,730	10,155	28.0	26.1	29.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	655	690	2.0	2.0	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,740	8,540	12,200	30.7	25.6	35.8
Bachelor's degree	14,685	6,030	8,655	21.8	18.1	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350	465	885	2.0	1.4	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	470	165	305	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,815	1,610	2,200	5.7	4.8	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	420	265	160	0.6	0.8	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,370	23,110	22,260	43.1	44.3	41.9
Education	3,770	770	3,000	3.6	1.5	5.6
13. Education	3,770	770	3,000	3.6	1.5	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,155	845	1,305	2.0	1.6	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	165	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,955	680	1,270	1.9	1.3	2.4
Humanities	3,155	1,005	2,155	3.0	1.9	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	45	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	945	195	755	0.9	0.4	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	265	605	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	520	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	0	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,835	2,305	5,530	7.4	4.4	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	295	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,465	80	1,385	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,195	295	900	1.1	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,205	205	1,000	1.1	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,900	1,355	1,550	2.8	2.6	2.9
Business, management and public administration	11,975	4,920	7,055	11.4	9.4	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	945	160	785	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,020	4,755	6,265	10.5	9.1	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,760	1,300	1,460	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,310	515	800	1.2	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630	265	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	665	455	205	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,100	1,385	715	2.0	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,525	1,095	425	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	135	10	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	375	230	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,690	11,805	885	12.1	22.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	620	460	160	0.6	0.9	0.3
14. Engineering	2,310	1,925	380	2.2	3.7	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,760	2,555	205	2.6	4.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,355	2,315	40	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,055	3,010	40	2.9	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,595	1,540	60	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,340	1,300	1,040	2.2	2.5	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,895	1,055	835	1.8	2.0	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	7,245	1,330	5,915	6.9	2.5	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,095	525	570	1.0	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,060	775	5,280	5.8	1.5	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,875	2,080	1,795	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,635	385	1,250	1.6	0.7	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,570	1,075	495	1.5	2.1	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	630	575	55	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,490	33,395	34,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,955	11,775	10,180	32.5	35.3	29.9
Education	2,815	535	2,280	4.2	1.6	6.7
13. Education	2,815	535	2,280	4.2	1.6	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,590	585	1,010	2.4	1.8	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,475	485	990	2.2	1.5	2.9
Humanities	2,250	735	1,515	3.3	2.2	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	660	140	520	1.0	0.4	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	605	200	400	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	110	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	405	200	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,165	1,710	4,455	9.1	5.1	13.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	235	375	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,160	65	1,095	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	975	195	775	1.4	0.6	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	45	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	925	145	780	1.4	0.4	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,230	1,005	1,225	3.3	3.0	3.6
Business, management and public administration	9,560	3,865	5,695	14.2	11.6	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	120	665	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,765	3,740	5,025	13.0	11.2	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,035	905	1,125	3.0	2.7	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	390	615	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	440	165	275	0.7	0.5	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	470	300	170	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700	1,145	560	2.5	3.4	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,340	970	370	2.0	2.9	1.1
25. Library science	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,360	8,630	730	13.9	25.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	450	340	115	0.7	1.0	0.3
14. Engineering	1,735	1,375	360	2.6	4.1	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,010	1,855	155	3.0	5.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,755	1,735	30	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,315	2,285	30	3.4	6.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,095	1,045	50	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,705	900	800	2.5	2.7	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,340	695	645	2.0	2.1	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	365	205	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	5,405	1,030	4,370	8.0	3.1	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	875	405	470	1.3	1.2	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,455	610	3,835	6.6	1.8	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,930	1,570	1,355	4.3	4.7	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	250	905	1.7	0.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,285	875	415	1.9	2.6	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	425	40	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,490	33,395	34,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,955	11,775	10,180	32.5	35.3	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,535	21,620	23,910	67.5	64.7	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	40,390	19,230	21,165	59.8	57.6	62.1
Same as province or territory of residence	38,145	18,165	19,985	56.5	54.4	58.6
Different than province or territory of residence	2,245	1,060	1,185	3.3	3.2	3.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,140	2,395	2,750	7.6	7.2	8.1
Americas	1,410	600	805	2.1	1.8	2.4
United States of America	1,025	430	600	1.5	1.3	1.8
Mexico	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,685	880	805	2.5	2.6	2.4
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	240	105	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romania	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	715	425	290	1.1	1.3	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,700	735	965	2.5	2.2	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	260	85	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	780	365	410	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	105,300	52,165	53,135	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,805	37,765	34,035	...	...	...
Employed	65,525	34,805	30,720	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,275	2,960	3,320	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,495	14,395	19,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.2	72.4	64.1	68.2	72.4	64.1
Employment rate	62.2	66.7	57.8	62.2	66.7	57.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.8	9.8	8.7	7.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	105,300	52,160	53,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,735	14,150	18,585	31.1	27.1	35.0
Worked	72,565	38,010	34,555	68.9	72.9	65.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,205	24,025	18,180	40.1	46.1	34.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,360	13,985	16,375	28.8	26.8	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.4	41.5	42.5	43.4	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,800	37,765	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	670	650	1.8	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,485	37,100	33,385	98.2	98.2	98.1
Employee	58,680	29,805	28,875	81.7	78.9	84.8
Permanent position	51,360	26,495	24,865	71.5	70.2	73.1
Temporary position	7,320	3,310	4,010	10.2	8.8	11.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,035	860	1,170	2.8	2.3	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,285	2,450	2,840	7.4	6.5	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,805	7,295	4,510	16.4	19.3	13.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,800	37,765	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	670	650	1.8	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,485	37,100	33,385	98.2	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,440	1,080	360	2.0	2.9	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,880	3,810	9,065	17.9	10.1	26.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,215	3,870	1,345	7.3	10.2	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,145	690	3,455	5.8	1.8	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,630	2,750	5,880	12.0	7.3	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,880	750	1,130	2.6	2.0	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	16,180	7,150	9,025	22.5	18.9	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,465	12,230	1,235	18.8	32.4	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,845	2,000	850	4.0	5.3	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,805	2,770	1,035	5.3	7.3	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,800	37,765	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	670	650	1.8	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	70,485	37,100	33,385	98.2	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,055	1,220	835	2.9	3.2	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	125	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	450	315	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
23 Construction	6,745	5,770	980	9.4	15.3	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	8,665	6,035	2,630	12.1	16.0	7.7
41 Wholesale trade	3,885	2,355	1,530	5.4	6.2	4.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,730	3,685	4,050	10.8	9.8	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,775	2,645	1,125	5.3	7.0	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,155	630	525	1.6	1.7	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,905	1,180	1,725	4.0	3.1	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,390	635	755	1.9	1.7	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,700	3,055	2,640	7.9	8.1	7.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,025	1,810	1,210	4.2	4.8	3.6
61 Educational services	5,800	1,470	4,325	8.1	3.9	12.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,480	1,020	5,465	9.0	2.7	16.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,305	710	600	1.8	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,895	1,110	1,780	4.0	2.9	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,805	1,435	1,370	3.9	3.8	4.0
91 Public administration	3,325	1,800	1,530	4.6	4.8	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,480	39,980	36,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,355	39,015	35,340	97.2	97.6	96.8
French	130	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	940	320	620	1.2	0.8	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	915	550	360	1.2	1.4	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,480	39,980	36,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,195	39,845	36,355	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	75,950	39,705	36,245	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	75,690	39,660	36,030	99.0	99.2	98.7
French	260	45	210	0.3	0.1	0.6
Non-official languages	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	285	135	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	140	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	145	100	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,480	39,980	36,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,860	39,210	35,640	97.9	98.1	97.6
English	260	100	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	665	265	405	0.9	0.7	1.1
Non-official language	585	330	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	585	330	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,525	34,805	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,560	8,115	10,445	28.3	23.3	34.0
Worked outside Canada	275	215	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,785	6,105	1,685	11.9	17.5	5.5
Usual place of work	38,905	20,375	18,530	59.4	58.5	60.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,910	20,375	18,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,110	6,240	7,875	36.3	30.6	42.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,165	4,290	3,875	21.0	21.1	20.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,515	9,775	6,735	42.4	48.0	36.3
Commute to a different province or territory	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,695	26,475	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,680	25,160	18,520	93.5	95.0	91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,920	23,790	17,130	87.6	89.9	84.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,750	1,370	1,390	5.9	5.2	6.9
Public transit	440	190	250	0.9	0.7	1.2
Walked	1,540	675	875	3.3	2.5	4.3
Bicycle	150	115	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	880	340	540	1.9	1.3	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,695	26,475	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,225	6,125	7,100	28.3	23.1	35.1
15 to 29 minutes	12,540	6,835	5,695	26.9	25.8	28.2
30 to 44 minutes	10,890	6,695	4,195	23.3	25.3	20.8
45 to 59 minutes	5,450	3,540	1,905	11.7	13.4	9.4
60 minutes and over	4,590	3,280	1,305	9.8	12.4	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,695	26,475	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,390	3,345	1,045	9.4	12.6	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,180	6,405	2,775	19.7	24.2	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,720	6,375	5,355	25.1	24.1	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,220	4,055	5,170	19.7	15.3	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,365	2,305	3,065	11.5	8.7	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,805	4,000	2,810	14.6	15.1	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,995	13,970	13,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,925	990	935	7.1	7.1	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,070	12,985	12,085	92.9	92.9	92.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,495	10,680	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	800	730	7.5	7.5	7.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	385	405	3.9	3.6	4.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	740	410	330	3.6	3.8	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,960	9,880	9,080	92.5	92.5	92.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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