Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Humber River--Black CreekMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,593	...
Population, 2016¹	108,037	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	3.3
Total private dwellings²	39,809	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,733	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,645.5	3,645.5
Land area in square kilometres	30.61	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,595	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,760	16.8
0 to 4 years	5,800	5.2
5 to 9 years	6,285	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,675	6.0
15 to 64 years	76,010	68.1
15 to 19 years	7,150	6.4
20 to 24 years	9,400	8.4
25 to 29 years	8,800	7.9
30 to 34 years	7,480	6.7
35 to 39 years	7,340	6.6
40 to 44 years	7,005	6.3
45 to 49 years	6,820	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,575	6.8
55 to 59 years	7,765	7.0
60 to 64 years	6,675	6.0
65 years and over	16,830	15.1
65 to 69 years	4,755	4.3
70 to 74 years	4,010	3.6
75 to 79 years	2,885	2.6
80 to 84 years	2,585	2.3
85 years and over	2,585	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,745	1.6
90 to 94 years	665	0.6
95 to 99 years	160	0.1
100 years and over	20	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	16.8
15 to 64 years	68.1	68.1
65 years and over	15.1	15.1
85 years and over	2.3	2.3
Average age of the population	39.4	39.4
Median age of the population	38.0	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,735	100.0
Single-detached house	4,690	12.4
Semi-detached house	7,440	19.7
Row house	4,185	11.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,150	3.0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,750	12.6
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15,510	41.1
Other single-attached house	0	0.0
Movable dwelling⁴	5	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,735	100.0
1 person	8,330	22.1
2 persons	9,555	25.3
3 persons	7,165	19.0
4 persons	6,385	16.9
5 or more persons	6,290	16.7
Number of persons in private households	111,130	100.0
Average household size	3.0	3.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,840	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,640	43.8
Married	36,250	39.0
Living common-law	4,390	4.7
Living common law - Never married	3,175	3.4
Living common law - Separated	245	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	895	1.0
Living common law - Widowed	75	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	52,195	56.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,390	39.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,805	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,925	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,075	5.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,960	100.0
2 persons	12,040	41.6
3 persons	7,530	26.0
4 persons	6,035	20.8
5 or more persons	3,355	11.6
Average size of census families	3.1	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,960	100.0
Total couple families	18,830	65.0
Married couples	16,635	57.4
With children⁶	10,925	37.7
Without children	5,715	19.7
Common-law couples	2,195	7.6
With children⁶	1,215	4.2
Without children	975	3.4
Total one-parent families	10,135	35.0
in which the parent is a woman+	8,630	29.8
in which the parent is a man+	1,500	5.2
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,130	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,975	80.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,655	33.9
Parents in one-parent families	10,135	9.1
Children⁶	41,185	37.1
In a two-parent family	23,430	21.1
In a one-parent family	17,755	16.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,155	19.9
Living alone	8,330	7.5
Living with other relatives⁷	5,740	5.2
Living with non-relatives only	8,085	7.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,735	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,550	54.5
Couple-family households	13,575	36.0
With children⁶	9,085	24.1
Without children	4,495	11.9
One-parent-family households	6,980	18.5
Multigenerational households⁸	2,725	7.2
Multiple-census-family households⁹	705	1.9
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,555	6.8
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,865	7.6
One-person households	8,330	22.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,390	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,750	93.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,795	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,105	74.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,200	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,195	63.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,420	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,125	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,370	40.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,695	93.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,240	37,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,730	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,400	33,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,195	74.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,240	31,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,280	63.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,440	33,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,115	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,020	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,035	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,310	6,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,270	40.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,910	9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,435	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,145	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,600	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,930	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,900	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.8	66.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	33.1	33.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.7	12.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.4	11.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,385	100.0
Without total income	5,635	6.1
With total income	86,750	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,800	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,275	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,070	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,570	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,650	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,500	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,810	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,545	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	2,125	2.4
$150,000 and over	420	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,385	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,590	6.1
With after-tax income	86,795	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,945	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,815	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	21,145	24.4
$30,000 to $39,999	15,340	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,405	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,935	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,345	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	665	0.8
$100,000 and over	845	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	550	0.6
$125,000 and over	290	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,385	100.0
Without employment income	34,195	37.0
With employment income	58,195	63.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,850	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,895	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,405	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,520	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,715	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,300	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,720	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,200	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,115	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,040	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,945	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,275	2.2
$125,000 and over	670	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,390	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,355	91.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	27,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,365	91.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,205	73.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,320	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,425	83.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,420	2,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,675	6.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,430	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,525	91.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,640	33,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,535	91.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,080	30,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,330	73.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,680	32,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,450	63.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,640	34,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,370	83.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,665	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,230	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,435	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,835	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,440	50,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,280	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.6	78.6
Employment income (%)	71.2	71.2
Government transfers (%)	21.4	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,735	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	67,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,330	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,600	29,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,400	28,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,400	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,675	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	85,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,900	76,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,275	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,760	38,760
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,360	34,360
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,395	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	99,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,900	88,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,730	100.0
Under $5,000	520	1.4
$5,000 to $9,999	255	0.7
$10,000 to $14,999	500	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	745	2.0
$20,000 to $24,999	1,950	5.2
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	4.3
$30,000 to $34,999	1,395	3.7
$35,000 to $39,999	1,550	4.1
$40,000 to $44,999	1,645	4.4
$45,000 to $49,999	1,615	4.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,250	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,990	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,685	7.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,545	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	5.9
$100,000 and over	12,245	32.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,345	11.5
$125,000 to $149,999	2,975	7.9
$150,000 to $199,999	3,000	8.0
$200,000 and over	1,920	5.1
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,730	100.0
Under $5,000	555	1.5
$5,000 to $9,999	265	0.7
$10,000 to $14,999	510	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	785	2.1
$20,000 to $24,999	2,035	5.4
$25,000 to $29,999	1,740	4.6
$30,000 to $34,999	1,530	4.1
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755	4.7
$40,000 to $44,999	1,830	4.9
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	4.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,260	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,060	8.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	7.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,345	6.2
$100,000 and over	9,955	26.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,260	11.3
$125,000 to $149,999	2,485	6.6
$150,000 and over	3,215	8.5
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,780	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	77,500
Average family size of economic families	3.4	3.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,055	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	63,600
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	59,200
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,140	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	109,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	98,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,915	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	67,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	63,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	3.0
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,415	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	28,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	27,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,725	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,200	96,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,300	86,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,010	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	74,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,800	65,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,245	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	118,100
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,300	105,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,795	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900	76,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	70,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,340	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,440	34,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,840	30,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,130	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,755	20.5
0 to 5 years	6,990	6.3
18 to 64 years	71,850	64.7
65 years and over	16,525	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,855	...
0 to 17 years	4,710	...
0 to 5 years	1,575	...
18 to 64 years	9,040	...
65 years and over	3,105	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.2	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.7
0 to 5 years (%)	22.5	22.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.6
65 years and over (%)	18.8	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,130	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,760	20.5
0 to 5 years	6,995	6.3
18 to 64 years	71,845	64.6
65 years and over	16,525	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,595	...
0 to 17 years	2,230	...
0 to 5 years	780	...
18 to 64 years	7,385	...
65 years and over	980	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.5	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.3
65 years and over (%)	5.9	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,130	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	72,790	65.5
In bottom decile	16,395	14.8
In second decile	16,505	14.9
In third decile	14,770	13.3
In fourth decile	13,270	11.9
In fifth decile	11,850	10.7
In top half of the distribution	38,340	34.5
In sixth decile	10,745	9.7
In seventh decile	9,690	8.7
In eighth decile	8,170	7.4
In ninth decile	6,695	6.0
In top decile	3,040	2.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,130	111,130
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.285	0.285
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.466	0.466
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	0.258
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,270	100.0
English only	100,345	90.2
French only	80	0.1
English and French	3,365	3.0
Neither English nor French	7,480	6.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,270	100.0
English	102,795	92.4
French	645	0.6
English and French	480	0.4
Neither English nor French	7,350	6.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,270	100.0
Single responses	102,450	92.1
Official languages	49,865	44.8
English	49,325	44.3
French	545	0.5
Non-official languages	52,580	47.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	52,575	47.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,415	4.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	0.0
Hausa	30	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,165	1.0
Bilen	80	0.1
Oromo	55	0.0
Somali	1,030	0.9
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,210	2.9
Amharic	145	0.1
Arabic	1,040	0.9
Aramaic languages	1,570	1.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,245	1.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	280	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Harari	5	0.0
Hebrew	20	0.0
Maltese	25	0.0
Tigrigna	400	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,500	6.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	665	0.6
Vietnamese	6,825	6.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,670	5.1
Bikol	15	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70	0.1
Cebuano	155	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	150	0.1
Ilocano	770	0.7
Indonesian	10	0.0
Kankanaey	40	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	5	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	0.0
Pangasinan	25	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,310	3.9
Waray-Waray	5	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	0.0
Creole languages	225	0.2
Haitian Creole	40	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0.0
Krio	15	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	115	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,840	1.7
Kannada	20	0.0
Malayalam	135	0.1
Tamil	1,580	1.4
Telugu	105	0.1
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	25	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,355	22.8
Albanian	170	0.2
Armenian	120	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,315	1.2
Baltic languages	25	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0
Slavic languages	1,290	1.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	0.0
Czech	110	0.1
Macedonian	60	0.1
Polish	280	0.3
Russian	470	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	0.1
Bosnian	5	0.0
Croatian	85	0.1
Serbian	60	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Slovak	15	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0.0
Ukrainian	150	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	140	0.1
German	135	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0
Yiddish	5	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0.0
Dutch	30	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	175	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	7,745	7.0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,995	6.3
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	540	0.5
Gujarati	1,210	1.1
Hindi	610	0.5
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0.0
Konkani	10	0.0
Marathi	30	0.0
Nepali	50	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	5	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,995	1.8
Rohingya	5	0.0
Sindhi	15	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	0.1
Urdu	2,370	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Iranian languages	750	0.7
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	65	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	145	0.1
Persian languages	525	0.5
Dari	330	0.3
Iranian Persian	135	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15,650	14.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	6,460	5.8
Portuguese	1,315	1.2
Romanian	110	0.1
Spanish	7,735	7.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Japanese	45	0.0
Korean	330	0.3
Mongolian	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,705	2.4
Akan (Twi)	970	0.9
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	185	0.2
Éwé	30	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	0.0
Ga	20	0.0
Ganda	55	0.0
Gikuyu	20	0.0
Igbo	170	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0
Mwani	10	0.0
Ndebele	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0.0
Shona	15	0.0
Soninke	20	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	0.0
Swahili	310	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	655	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	0.0
Dinka	5	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,945	2.6
Chinese languages	2,760	2.5
Hakka	35	0.0
Mandarin	715	0.6
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	190	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,765	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	190	0.2
Burmese	30	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	140	0.1
S'gaw Karen	120	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Tibetan	20	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	195	0.2
Lao	160	0.1
Thai	40	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	955	0.9
Azerbaijani	15	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	920	0.8
Uyghur	10	0.0
Uzbek	5	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	0.3
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	10	0.0
Hungarian	290	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Multiple responses	8,825	7.9
English and French	300	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,650	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	85	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	675	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,270	100.0
English	50,730	45.6
French	175	0.2
Non-official language	19,265	17.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	19,265	17.3
English and French	520	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	37,665	33.9
French and non-official language(s)	65	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	630	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,220	2.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,270	100.0
Single responses	100,870	90.7
Official languages	64,860	58.3
English	64,545	58.0
French	310	0.3
Non-official languages	36,015	32.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,015	32.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,030	2.7
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0.0
Hausa	15	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	700	0.6
Bilen	70	0.1
Oromo	40	0.0
Somali	590	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,315	2.1
Amharic	60	0.1
Arabic	615	0.6
Aramaic languages	1,315	1.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,070	1.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	205	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0
Maltese	5	0.0
Tigrigna	315	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,135	5.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	470	0.4
Vietnamese	5,670	5.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,765	3.4
Bikol	15	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	0.0
Cebuano	100	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	110	0.1
Ilocano	495	0.4
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,915	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Creole languages	110	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0.0
Krio	5	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,440	1.3
Kannada	10	0.0
Malayalam	90	0.1
Tamil	1,275	1.1
Telugu	60	0.1
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	15	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,575	14.9
Albanian	80	0.1
Armenian	75	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	730	0.7
Baltic languages	10	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	720	0.6
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0.0
Czech	55	0.0
Macedonian	15	0.0
Polish	150	0.1
Russian	345	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	30	0.0
Serbian	25	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	75	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	20	0.0
German	15	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	95	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,605	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,110	4.6
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	360	0.3
Gujarati	840	0.8
Hindi	400	0.4
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	5	0.0
Marathi	10	0.0
Nepali	30	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,520	1.4
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	0.1
Urdu	1,845	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Iranian languages	500	0.4
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	40	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	105	0.1
Persian languages	355	0.3
Dari	235	0.2
Iranian Persian	85	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,960	9.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	3,820	3.4
Portuguese	695	0.6
Romanian	45	0.0
Spanish	5,385	4.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	20	0.0
Korean	245	0.2
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,325	1.2
Akan (Twi)	585	0.5
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	35	0.0
Éwé	10	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0.0
Ga	15	0.0
Ganda	25	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0.0
Igbo	55	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	5	0.0
Soninke	10	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	0.0
Swahili	215	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.0
Yoruba	280	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	50	0.0
American Sign Language	45	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,205	2.0
Chinese languages	2,080	1.9
Hakka	10	0.0
Mandarin	520	0.5
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,400	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	125	0.1
Burmese	15	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	95	0.1
S'gaw Karen	75	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Tibetan	20	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	0.1
Lao	120	0.1
Thai	15	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	745	0.7
Azerbaijani	10	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	715	0.6
Uyghur	10	0.0
Uzbek	10	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	0.2
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	210	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,400	9.3
English and French	170	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	9,810	8.8
French and non-official language(s)	30	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	305	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,270	100.0
None	78,870	70.9
English	12,580	11.3
French	405	0.4
Non-official language	15,300	13.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,295	13.7
English and French	90	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,235	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	285	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,490	1.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,200	100.0
Official languages	103,690	93.2
English	103,580	93.1
French	3,575	3.2
Non-official languages	71,040	63.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	71,030	63.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,485	5.8
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	90	0.1
Hausa	90	0.1
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,850	1.7
Bilen	125	0.1
Oromo	50	0.0
Somali	1,680	1.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,775	4.3
Amharic	385	0.3
Arabic	2,910	2.6
Aramaic languages	2,225	2.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,810	1.6
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	365	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	65	0.1
Harari	35	0.0
Hebrew	90	0.1
Maltese	45	0.0
Tigrigna	710	0.6
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,060	9.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	865	0.8
Vietnamese	9,310	8.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,805	7.0
Bikol	25	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	145	0.1
Cebuano	245	0.2
Fijian	15	0.0
Hiligaynon	225	0.2
Ilocano	1,240	1.1
Indonesian	30	0.0
Kankanaey	65	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	45	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	110	0.1
Pangasinan	40	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,450	6.7
Waray-Waray	15	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	250	0.2
Creole languages	880	0.8
Haitian Creole	150	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	160	0.1
Krio	50	0.0
Morisyen	25	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	420	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	120	0.1
Dravidian languages	2,765	2.5
Kannada	70	0.1
Malayalam	155	0.1
Tamil	2,375	2.1
Telugu	245	0.2
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	33,810	30.4
Albanian	190	0.2
Armenian	195	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,640	1.5
Baltic languages	40	0.0
Latvian	20	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0.0
Slavic languages	1,615	1.5
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	0.1
Czech	130	0.1
Macedonian	85	0.1
Polish	350	0.3
Russian	790	0.7
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	180	0.2
Bosnian	25	0.0
Croatian	120	0.1
Serbian	60	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	30	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0.0
Ukrainian	250	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	245	0.2
German	245	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	25	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0.0
Dutch	75	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	365	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	10,530	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	9,685	8.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	920	0.8
Gujarati	1,535	1.4
Hindi	3,440	3.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	0.0
Konkani	45	0.0
Marathi	100	0.1
Nepali	60	0.1
Oriya languages	30	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,460	3.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	25	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	195	0.2
Urdu	3,595	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	0.1
Iranian languages	990	0.9
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	115	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	300	0.3
Persian languages	610	0.5
Dari	405	0.4
Iranian Persian	130	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20,915	18.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	8,565	7.7
Portuguese	1,920	1.7
Romanian	115	0.1
Spanish	11,025	9.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	125	0.1
Korean	565	0.5
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5,425	4.9
Akan (Twi)	1,705	1.5
Bamanankan	15	0.0
Edo	455	0.4
Éwé	50	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	0.0
Ga	45	0.0
Ganda	95	0.1
Gikuyu	15	0.0
Igbo	395	0.4
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	0.0
Lingala	90	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0.0
Mwani	30	0.0
Ndebele	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0.0
Shona	35	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	40	0.0
Swahili	620	0.6
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	40	0.0
Yoruba	1,655	1.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	415	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Sign languages	90	0.1
American Sign Language	75	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,945	3.5
Chinese languages	3,695	3.3
Hakka	25	0.0
Mandarin	1,195	1.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	275	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,735	2.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	245	0.2
Burmese	75	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	150	0.1
S'gaw Karen	130	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Tibetan	30	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	290	0.3
Lao	255	0.2
Thai	80	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,350	1.2
Azerbaijani	45	0.0
Kazakh	15	0.0
Turkish	1,285	1.2
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	35	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Uralic languages	415	0.4
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	400	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,205	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	500	0.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	465	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	315	0.3
Métis	150	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	110,705	99.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,205	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,035	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,675	100.0
Owner	18,070	48.0
Renter	19,605	52.0
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,675	100.0
Condominium	6,150	16.3
Not condominium	31,525	83.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,675	100.0
No bedrooms	855	2.3
1 bedroom	6,035	16.0
2 bedrooms	10,370	27.5
3 bedrooms	12,615	33.5
4 or more bedrooms	7,800	20.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,675	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	17,435	46.3
5 rooms	6,395	17.0
6 rooms	4,690	12.4
7 rooms	3,390	9.0
8 or more rooms	5,765	15.3
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	5.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,675	100.0
One person or fewer per room	33,100	87.9
More than one person per room	4,575	12.1
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,675	100.0
Suitable	28,760	76.3
Not suitable	8,915	23.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,675	100.0
1960 or before	7,285	19.3
1961 to 1980	19,205	51.0
1981 to 1990	3,870	10.3
1991 to 2000	2,440	6.5
2001 to 2005	1,025	2.7
2006 to 2010	1,450	3.8
2011 to 2015	1,170	3.1
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,225	3.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,675	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,250	90.9
Major repairs needed	3,420	9.1
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,675	100.0
One-maintainer household	19,790	52.5
Two-maintainer household	12,825	34.0
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,060	13.4
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,675	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,040	2.8
25 to 34 years	4,145	11.0
35 to 44 years	6,805	18.1
45 to 54 years	7,565	20.1
55 to 64 years	8,075	21.4
65 to 74 years	4,975	13.2
75 to 84 years	3,330	8.8
85 years and over	1,735	4.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,420	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,650	71.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,775	28.8
30% to less than 100%	9,690	25.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,675	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,400	51.5
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,115	21.5
Not suitable only	6,175	16.4
Major repairs needed only	1,620	4.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,690	4.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	750	2.0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	835	2.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	225	0.6
Acceptable housing	18,280	48.5
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,340	100.0
In core need	8,860	24.4
Not in core need	27,475	75.6
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,070	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.3	56.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.0	24.0
% in core housing need⁶³	13.3	13.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	1,460
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,622	1,622
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	780,000	780,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,605	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.5	21.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	33.3
% in core housing need⁶³	34.8	34.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	1,250
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	1,261
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,205	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	130	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	130	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	60	0.1
Métis single ancestry	70	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	430	0.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	415	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	0.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,640	99.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,200	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,755	78.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,990	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	66,765	60.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	24,450	22.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,200	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,905	36.8
Immigrants⁸¹	62,700	56.4
Before 1980	10,020	9.0
1980 to 1990	8,565	7.7
1991 to 2000	13,575	12.2
2001 to 2010	13,575	12.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,970	15.3
2011 to 2015	8,090	7.3
2016 to 2021	8,885	8.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	7,600	6.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	62,695	100.0
Under 5 years	3,365	5.4
5 to 14 years	9,225	14.7
15 to 24 years	16,200	25.8
25 to 44 years	27,195	43.4
45 years and over	6,715	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	62,695	100.0
Americas	18,175	29.0
Brazil	170	0.3
Colombia	465	0.7
El Salvador	1,130	1.8
Guyana	3,575	5.7
Haiti	135	0.2
Jamaica	4,685	7.5
Mexico	495	0.8
Peru	275	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	725	1.2
United States of America	420	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	6,100	9.7
Europe	8,985	14.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	70	0.1
France	85	0.1
Germany	105	0.2
Greece	240	0.4
Hungary	175	0.3
Italy	5,470	8.7
Netherlands	40	0.1
Poland	270	0.4
Portugal	980	1.6
Romania	110	0.2
Russian Federation	185	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	30	0.0
Ukraine	245	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	655	1.0
Africa	6,705	10.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	0.1
Egypt	110	0.2
Eritrea	535	0.9
Ethiopia	295	0.5
Morocco	45	0.1
Nigeria	2,115	3.4
Somalia	860	1.4
South Africa, Republic of	45	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,615	4.2
Asia	28,755	45.9
Afghanistan	340	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	115	0.2
Iraq	2,075	3.3
Lebanon	95	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	265	0.4
Turkey	730	1.2
China⁹⁰	695	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	135	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	390	0.6
Taiwan	45	0.1
Philippines	7,360	11.7
Viet Nam	6,815	10.9
Bangladesh	515	0.8
India	3,250	5.2
Pakistan	2,330	3.7
Sri Lanka	1,605	2.6
Other places of birth in Asia	1,990	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,885	100.0
Americas	1,685	19.0
Brazil	30	0.3
Colombia	45	0.5
Haiti	30	0.3
Jamaica	430	4.8
Mexico	70	0.8
United States of America	145	1.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	910	10.2
Europe	305	3.4
France	0	0.0
Germany	10	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	25	0.3
Russian Federation	30	0.3
Ukraine	30	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.1
Other places of birth in Europe	195	2.2
Africa	1,905	21.4
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	55	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0.1
Egypt	40	0.5
Eritrea	300	3.4
Ethiopia	45	0.5
Morocco	10	0.1
Nigeria	930	10.5
Somalia	100	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	0.2
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	355	4.0
Asia	4,990	56.2
Afghanistan	15	0.2
Bangladesh	35	0.4
China⁹⁰	35	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	795	8.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	305	3.4
Israel	25	0.3
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0.2
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	465	5.2
Philippines	2,070	23.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	145	1.6
Syria⁸⁹	125	1.4
Turkey	230	2.6
United Arab Emirates	10	0.1
Viet Nam	525	5.9
Other places of birth in Asia	170	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,200	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	70,935	63.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,980	29.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,285	6.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	52,675	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	14,080	26.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,695	12.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,385	14.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	22,580	42.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	14,590	27.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,430	2.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	52,675	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	7,295	13.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,640	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	590	1.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,660	3.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	320	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	37,170	70.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,200	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	86,970	78.2
South Asian	15,295	13.8
Chinese	2,710	2.4
Black	27,375	24.6
Filipino	8,900	8.0
Arab	1,840	1.7
Latin American	9,975	9.0
Southeast Asian	11,295	10.2
West Asian	1,870	1.7
Korean	530	0.5
Japanese	80	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,575	3.2
Multiple visible minorities	3,525	3.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,235	21.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,200	100.0
Canadian	5,825	5.2
English	2,110	1.9
Irish	1,440	1.3
Scottish	1,435	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	805	0.7
German	835	0.8
Chinese	4,475	4.0
Italian	11,335	10.2
Indian (India)	6,540	5.9
Ukrainian	560	0.5
Dutch	260	0.2
Polish	570	0.5
Québécois	15	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	450	0.4
Filipino	8,160	7.3
French Canadian	100	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	495	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	230	0.2
Métis	125	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	805	0.7
Russian	415	0.4
Norwegian	95	0.1
Welsh	215	0.2
Portuguese	2,305	2.1
American	190	0.2
Spanish	2,445	2.2
Swedish	15	0.0
Hungarian	425	0.4
Acadian	20	0.0
Pakistani	2,515	2.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	5,130	4.6
Jewish	240	0.2
Punjabi	985	0.9
Vietnamese	9,010	8.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	435	0.4
Greek	490	0.4
Jamaican	5,905	5.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,895	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0.0
Korean	555	0.5
Romanian	170	0.2
Lebanese	190	0.2
Iranian	170	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,060	1.0
Danish	35	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	0.1
Sikh	580	0.5
Austrian	65	0.1
Belgian	25	0.0
Haitian	190	0.2
Hindu	1,005	0.9
Mexican	910	0.8
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	60	0.1
Finnish	20	0.0
Sri Lankan	1,390	1.3
Croatian	175	0.2
Japanese	195	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	925	0.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	0.0
Muslim	660	0.6
Egyptian	160	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,745	1.6
Tamil	1,130	1.0
Icelandic	35	0.0
Colombian	725	0.7
Moroccan	90	0.1
Czech	115	0.1
Syrian	260	0.2
Guyanese	2,765	2.5
Afghan	630	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,865	1.7
Serbian	65	0.1
Ojibway	25	0.0
Newfoundlander	105	0.1
Hong Konger	10	0.0
Ontarian	135	0.1
Persian	140	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	770	0.7
Turkish	1,165	1.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0
Bangladeshi	565	0.5
Algerian	0	0.0
Brazilian	205	0.2
Nigerian	2,380	2.1
Armenian	180	0.2
Slovak	55	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	0.0
Somali	1,840	1.7
Taiwanese	40	0.0
Iraqi	1,230	1.1
Salvadorean	1,165	1.0
African Caribbean	1,160	1.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	450	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	295	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,235	1.1
Algonquin	0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,135	1.0
Lithuanian	80	0.1
South African	35	0.0
Australian	15	0.0
Palestinian	45	0.0
Chilean	310	0.3
Congolese	80	0.1
Nova Scotian	70	0.1
Ethiopian	330	0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	830	0.7
Peruvian	355	0.3
Yoruba	1,155	1.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,060	1.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	195	0.2
Maltese	140	0.1
Macedonian	145	0.1
Slovenian	20	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0.0
Gujarati	300	0.3
Eritrean	570	0.5
African Canadian	575	0.5
Israeli	30	0.0
Mohawk	40	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0.0
Bulgarian	60	0.1
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,425	1.3
Barbadian	200	0.2
African American	345	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	0.1
Cuban	295	0.3
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	95	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	45	0.0
Bengali	195	0.2
Cameroonian	150	0.1
Guatemalan	480	0.4
Indonesian	20	0.0
Laotian	335	0.3
Ilocano	590	0.5
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	1,550	1.4
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	465	0.4
Estonian	10	0.0
Kurdish	130	0.1
Fijian	25	0.0
Jatt	100	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	205	0.2
Dominican	580	0.5
Nepali	45	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	960	0.9
Igbo	275	0.2
Byelorussian	20	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	15	0.0
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	580	0.5
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	0.0
Ivorian	75	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	265	0.2
Nicaraguan	305	0.3
Mauritian	65	0.1
Kenyan	85	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	475	0.4
Jordanian	50	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	45	0.0
Grenadian	395	0.4
Malayali	40	0.0
Chaldean	275	0.2
Sinhalese	80	0.1
Mayan	80	0.1
Honduran	110	0.1
Cherokee	10	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	195	0.2
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0.0
Sicilian	45	0.0
Pashtun	85	0.1
Malay	90	0.1
Goan	30	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	0.0
Tibetan	30	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	0.0
Burmese	90	0.1
Mongolian	105	0.1
Azorean	50	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	45	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	275	0.2
Ugandan	75	0.1
Oromo	55	0.0
Tanzanian	105	0.1
Yemeni	50	0.0
Central African	20	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	145	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	250	0.2
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	95	0.1
Igorot	150	0.1
Fulani	30	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	40	0.0
St. Lucian	375	0.3
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	55	0.0
Telugu	55	0.0
Roma	55	0.0
Costa Rican	120	0.1
African Nova Scotian	15	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	190	0.2
Edo	295	0.3
Tajik	45	0.0
Amhara	30	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,205	100.0
Buddhist	6,740	6.1
Christian	65,505	58.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,040	15.3
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	1,070	1.0
Baptist	995	0.9
Catholic	36,305	32.6
Christian Orthodox	1,870	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	775	0.7
Latter Day Saints	35	0.0
Lutheran	170	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	290	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,760	3.4
Presbyterian	475	0.4
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	515	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,185	2.0
Hindu	7,845	7.1
Jewish	275	0.2
Muslim	11,625	10.5
Sikh	1,880	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	455	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	16,860	15.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,170	100.0
Non-movers	101,190	91.8
Movers	8,975	8.1
Non-migrants	6,930	6.3
Migrants	2,050	1.9
Internal migrants	985	0.9
Intraprovincial migrants	825	0.7
Interprovincial migrants	160	0.1
External migrants	1,060	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,420	100.0
Non-movers	72,590	68.9
Movers	32,830	31.1
Non-migrants	18,120	17.2
Migrants	14,700	13.9
Internal migrants	4,280	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,565	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	710	0.7
External migrants	10,425	9.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,435	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,275	29.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,160	70.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,385	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,375	22.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,005	77.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,430	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	25,665	27.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,780	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,990	41.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,680	23.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,435	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,640	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,800	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,605	15.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,630	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,310	17.6
Bachelor's degree	11,755	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	0.3
Master's degree	2,715	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	250	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,385	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,350	20.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,185	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,845	50.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,535	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,090	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,820	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,265	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,445	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,000	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,310	22.4
Bachelor's degree	9,475	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,075	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	0.4
Master's degree	2,345	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,430	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	54,445	58.9
Education	1,635	1.8
13. Education	1,635	1.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,175	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	1.1
Humanities	1,785	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	410	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	700	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	0.2
54. History	135	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,565	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,250	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	785	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	0.1
42. Psychology	525	0.6
45. Social sciences	1,520	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,055	9.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,205	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,580	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	725	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0.0
40. Physical sciences	330	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,920	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,665	1.8
25. Library science	30	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,005	7.6
04. Architecture and related services	230	0.2
14. Engineering	2,355	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,250	1.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,220	1.3
48. Precision production	575	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	0.1
Health and related fields	6,325	6.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,955	6.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,435	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,520	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	500	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,380	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,535	49.7
Education	1,245	2.1
13. Education	1,245	2.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	930	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	835	1.4
Humanities	1,355	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	330	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	0.2
54. History	100	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,665	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	970	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	685	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0.1
42. Psychology	390	0.7
45. Social sciences	1,230	2.1
Business, management and public administration	7,440	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	680	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,730	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0.0
40. Physical sciences	255	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,570	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	2.3
25. Library science	30	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,190	8.7
04. Architecture and related services	180	0.3
14. Engineering	1,845	3.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,070	1.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	875	1.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	855	1.4
48. Precision production	365	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	0.1
Health and related fields	5,155	8.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,905	8.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,380	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,535	49.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,845	50.3
Location of study inside Canada	18,765	31.6
Same as province or territory of residence	18,215	30.7
Different than province or territory of residence	550	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,075	18.7
Americas	1,805	3.0
United States of America	380	0.6
Mexico	230	0.4
Cuba	65	0.1
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	250	0.4
Brazil	60	0.1
Colombia	115	0.2
Peru	25	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	645	1.1
Europe	740	1.2
Belgium	20	0.0
France	10	0.0
Germany	15	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0.0
Hungary	35	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0.0
Poland	20	0.0
Romania	20	0.0
Russian Federation	95	0.2
Ukraine	110	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	175	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	45	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	0.3
Africa	1,570	2.6
Nigeria	970	1.6
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	10	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	50	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	525	0.9
Asia	6,915	11.6
Iran⁸⁸	30	0.1
Iraq	225	0.4
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	0.1
Turkey	150	0.3
China⁹⁰	250	0.4
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.0
Japan	15	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	100	0.2
Philippines	3,205	5.4
Viet Nam	340	0.6
Bangladesh	175	0.3
Sri Lanka	190	0.3
India	1,420	2.4
Pakistan	555	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	205	0.3
Oceania	55	0.1
Australia	45	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,430	...
In the labour force	53,115	...
Employed	43,655	...
Unemployed	9,465	...
Not in the labour force	39,315	...
Participation rate	57.5	57.5
Employment rate	47.2	47.2
Unemployment rate	17.8	17.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,430	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,865	46.4
Worked	49,565	53.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,885	24.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,675	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.4	38.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,120	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,505	4.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,615	95.3
Employee	45,330	85.3
Permanent position	37,685	70.9
Temporary position	7,640	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,770	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,870	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,280	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,120	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,505	4.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,615	95.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	145	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,175	13.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,520	4.7
3 Health occupations	4,095	7.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,000	7.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	895	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,215	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,640	20.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	390	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,540	12.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,120	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,505	4.7
All industries¹⁹¹	50,615	95.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	140	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	0.1
22 Utilities	80	0.2
23 Construction	4,895	9.2
31-33 Manufacturing	8,185	15.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,740	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,945	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,875	7.3
51 Information and cultural industries	705	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,765	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	770	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,555	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,715	7.0
61 Educational services	2,285	4.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,155	11.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	685	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,195	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,640	5.0
91 Public administration	1,120	2.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,195	100.0
English	51,235	91.2
French	45	0.1
Non-official language	875	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	875	1.6
English and French	435	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,520	6.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,195	100.0
Single responses	55,420	98.6
Official languages	53,855	95.8
English	53,755	95.7
French	100	0.2
Non-official languages	1,565	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,565	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	0.2
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	30	0.1
Aramaic languages	50	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	410	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	65	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	765	1.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	0.1
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	0.1
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	30	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	15	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	630	1.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	25	0.0
Portuguese	50	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	560	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	20	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.0
Akan (Twi)	15	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	0.2
Chinese languages	100	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	40	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	1.4
English and French	115	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	650	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,195	100.0
None	52,865	94.1
English	610	1.1
French	285	0.5
Non-official language	2,070	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,070	3.7
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	270	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,655	100.0
Worked at home	6,180	14.2
Worked outside Canada	125	0.3
No fixed workplace address	8,040	18.4
Usual place of work	29,315	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,320	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,030	64.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,265	35.0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,355	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,245	67.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,355	57.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,890	10.4
Public transit	10,260	27.5
Walked	960	2.6
Bicycle	155	0.4
Other method	735	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,355	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,920	13.2
15 to 29 minutes	11,715	31.4
30 to 44 minutes	10,715	28.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,860	10.3
60 minutes and over	6,145	16.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,355	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,130	8.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,410	19.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,880	21.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,340	14.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,525	12.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,070	24.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,265	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,455	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,030	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,445	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,075	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,585	91.5

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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