Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Dauphin--Swan River--NeepawaMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,503	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	87,527	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,033	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,216	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	50,867.30	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,500	44,785	44,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,775	9,705	9,070	21.0	21.7	20.3
0 to 4 years	5,925	3,105	2,815	6.6	6.9	6.3
5 to 9 years	6,350	3,245	3,105	7.1	7.2	6.9
10 to 14 years	6,495	3,350	3,150	7.3	7.5	7.0
15 to 64 years	52,005	26,175	25,830	58.1	58.4	57.8
15 to 19 years	5,555	2,885	2,670	6.2	6.4	6.0
20 to 24 years	4,530	2,370	2,160	5.1	5.3	4.8
25 to 29 years	4,780	2,400	2,375	5.3	5.4	5.3
30 to 34 years	5,105	2,565	2,535	5.7	5.7	5.7
35 to 39 years	5,170	2,565	2,605	5.8	5.7	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,035	2,545	2,490	5.6	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	4,805	2,370	2,430	5.4	5.3	5.4
50 to 54 years	4,875	2,385	2,485	5.4	5.3	5.6
55 to 59 years	5,765	2,830	2,930	6.4	6.3	6.6
60 to 64 years	6,395	3,260	3,140	7.1	7.3	7.0
65 years and over	18,720	8,905	9,820	20.9	19.9	22.0
65 to 69 years	5,725	2,885	2,840	6.4	6.4	6.4
70 to 74 years	4,720	2,310	2,405	5.3	5.2	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,400	1,685	1,715	3.8	3.8	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,275	1,065	1,205	2.5	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	2,605	955	1,650	2.9	2.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,500	630	875	1.7	1.4	2.0
90 to 94 years	790	250	540	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	270	65	205	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.0	21.7	20.3	21.0	21.7	20.3
15 to 64 years	58.1	58.4	57.8	58.1	58.4	57.8
65 years and over	20.9	19.9	22.0	20.9	19.9	22.0
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.7	2.9	2.1	3.7
Average age of the population	41.0	40.2	41.9	41.0	40.2	41.9
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	42.0	40.8	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,870	...	...	84.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	545	...	...	1.5	...	...
Row house	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,555	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,915	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 persons	12,860	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	3,980	...	...	11.3	...	...
4 persons	3,730	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,725	...	...	10.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	85,525	42,940	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	70,725	35,080	35,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,570	20,790	20,785	58.8	59.3	58.3
Married	34,150	17,090	17,060	48.3	48.7	47.9
Living common-law	7,420	3,700	3,720	10.5	10.5	10.4
Living common law - Never married	5,635	2,825	2,810	8.0	8.1	7.9
Living common law - Separated	270	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,325	660	665	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	185	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	29,150	14,290	14,865	41.2	40.7	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,220	10,800	8,420	27.2	30.8	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,470	710	760	2.1	2.0	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,355	1,640	1,720	4.7	4.7	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,110	1,140	3,965	7.2	3.2	11.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,340	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	4,060	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	3,675	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,905	...	...	12.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,740	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	16,030	...	...	66.9	...	...
With children⁶	6,850	...	...	28.6	...	...
Without children	9,180	...	...	38.3	...	...
Common-law couples	3,710	...	...	15.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,825	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	1,885	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,235	...	...	17.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,150	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,085	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	85,530	42,940	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,850	34,780	35,070	81.7	81.0	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,480	19,715	19,770	46.2	45.9	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,235	1,085	3,150	5.0	2.5	7.4
Children⁶	26,135	13,980	12,150	30.6	32.6	28.5
In a two-parent family	18,485	9,835	8,650	21.6	22.9	20.3
In a one-parent family	7,650	4,145	3,500	8.9	9.7	8.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,680	8,165	7,520	18.3	19.0	17.7
Living alone	10,915	5,450	5,470	12.8	12.7	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,480	1,270	1,215	2.9	3.0	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,275	1,445	835	2.7	3.4	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,335	...	...	60.6	...	...
Couple-family households	18,305	...	...	52.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,825	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	10,485	...	...	29.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,030	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	770	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,010	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,000	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	10,915	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	67,585	33,695	33,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,725	32,705	33,025	97.2	97.1	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	32,800	35,200	39,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,795	32,745	33,055	97.4	97.2	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	30,000	32,000	34,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,335	28,545	27,785	83.4	84.7	82.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	35,200	24,200	29,200	35,200	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,760	24,280	21,480	67.7	72.1	63.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,400	26,000	29,600	34,400	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,935	29,445	30,490	88.7	87.4	90.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	7,900	11,800	10,100	7,900	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,075	3,055	3,020	9.0	9.1	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,280	5,400	5,920	6,280	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,100	6,505	7,590	20.9	19.3	22.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,085	32,825	33,260	97.4	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,160	47,800	38,640	43,160	47,800	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,160	32,870	33,290	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,480	39,240	33,760	36,480	39,240	33,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,590	28,745	27,850	83.4	85.1	81.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,440	44,520	32,120	38,440	44,520	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,980	24,460	21,520	67.8	72.5	63.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	42,600	32,640	37,920	42,600	32,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,160	29,580	30,580	88.7	87.6	89.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,280	9,760	12,760	11,280	9,760	12,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,200	3,065	3,135	9.1	9.1	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	7,420	6,870	7,140	7,420	6,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,985	6,555	7,425	20.6	19.4	21.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,750	9,940	9,580	9,750	9,940	9,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,890	13,115	8,775	32.3	38.8	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	52,400	44,800	48,800	52,400	44,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,350	57,650	51,950	55,350	57,650	51,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,620	7,550	9,070	24.5	22.4	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	19,800	16,600	17,800	19,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,420	29,880	21,680	25,420	29,880	21,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	81.6	69.6	76.2	81.6	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.1	66.4	54.7	61.1	66.4	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	18.4	30.4	23.8	18.4	30.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.4	6.1	5.0	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.5	4.8	4.2	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	67,585	33,695	33,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,860	990	865	2.8	2.9	2.6
With total income	65,730	32,705	33,025	97.3	97.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,945	3,605	3,345	10.6	11.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,145	4,085	5,060	13.9	12.5	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,925	5,180	6,740	18.1	15.8	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,840	3,800	5,040	13.4	11.6	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	7,860	3,685	4,175	12.0	11.3	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,255	3,255	3,000	9.5	10.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,195	2,475	1,720	6.4	7.6	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,060	1,850	1,210	4.7	5.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	1,265	895	3.3	3.9	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705	945	760	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,645	2,565	1,085	5.5	7.8	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,740	1,875	865	4.2	5.7	2.6
$150,000 and over	905	690	220	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	67,585	33,695	33,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,790	950	835	2.6	2.8	2.5
With after-tax income	65,800	32,745	33,055	97.4	97.2	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,280	3,735	3,545	11.1	11.4	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,690	4,345	5,345	14.7	13.3	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,550	5,920	7,630	20.6	18.1	23.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,655	4,810	5,845	16.2	14.7	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,900	4,625	4,275	13.5	14.1	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,995	3,435	2,560	9.1	10.5	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	2,100	1,525	5.5	6.4	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,555	1,410	1,145	3.9	4.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	855	510	2.1	2.6	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	755	485	270	1.1	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,430	1,015	415	2.2	3.1	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	880	635	250	1.3	1.9	0.8
$125,000 and over	550	385	160	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	67,585	33,695	33,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,825	9,415	12,410	32.3	27.9	36.6
With employment income	45,765	24,280	21,485	67.7	72.1	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,830	4,125	3,700	17.1	17.0	17.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,995	1,940	2,050	8.7	8.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,040	2,840	3,200	13.2	11.7	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,180	2,265	2,915	11.3	9.3	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,840	2,210	2,625	10.6	9.1	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,500	2,310	2,190	9.8	9.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	2,135	1,320	7.5	8.8	6.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,500	1,585	920	5.5	6.5	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,920	1,225	695	4.2	5.0	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,655	945	715	3.6	3.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	685	540	2.7	2.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	2,625	2,015	605	5.7	8.3	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,395	1,030	360	3.0	4.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,230	985	240	2.7	4.1	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	67,585	33,695	33,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,375	31,445	31,930	93.8	93.3	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	29,600	33,200	38,000	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,390	31,445	31,940	93.8	93.3	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	27,400	30,200	34,000	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,270	27,955	27,310	81.8	83.0	80.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,400	25,200	30,200	36,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,695	24,110	21,585	67.6	71.6	63.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,200	26,600	30,400	35,200	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,775	27,475	28,300	82.5	81.5	83.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	2,380	8,600	6,360	2,380	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,640	2,855	2,780	8.3	8.5	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,950	5,120	6,200	6,950	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,770	31,600	32,165	94.0	93.6	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	46,040	36,240	41,080	46,040	36,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,780	31,600	32,180	94.0	93.6	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,520	37,640	31,480	34,520	37,640	31,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,635	28,190	27,445	82.0	83.5	80.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	44,600	32,200	38,480	44,600	32,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,005	24,275	21,730	67.8	71.9	63.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,080	43,120	32,480	38,080	43,120	32,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,775	27,610	28,165	82.2	81.8	82.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,580	7,140	9,980	8,580	7,140	9,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,780	2,870	2,910	8.5	8.5	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740	8,010	7,470	7,740	8,010	7,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,575	12,860	8,715	31.8	38.1	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,400	50,000	42,400	46,400	50,000	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,950	55,750	48,840	52,950	55,750	48,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,560	7,080	8,480	22.9	21.0	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	24,000	20,600	21,800	24,000	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	35,120	25,320	29,760	35,120	25,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.8	86.4	75.8	81.8	86.4	75.8
Employment income (%)	66.8	72.0	60.5	66.8	72.0	60.5
Government transfers (%)	18.3	13.6	24.1	18.3	13.6	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,640	...	...	35,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	800	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,265	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,750	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,595	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,795	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,675	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,650	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,090	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,625	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,430	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,985	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,710	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,410	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,465	...	...	7.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,390	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	675	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,425	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,985	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,830	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,050	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,905	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,485	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,775	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,340	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,015	...	...	19.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,365	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,815	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,840	...	...	5.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,195	6,895	6,300	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,800	30,200	32,400	34,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	31,400	28,400	29,800	31,400	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,800	...	...	61,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,900	...	...	56,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,325	6,965	6,355	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	43,640	37,720	40,840	43,640	37,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,760	36,160	33,240	34,760	36,160	33,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	85,530	42,940	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,375	10,990	10,385	25.0	25.6	24.4
0 to 5 years	6,865	3,575	3,295	8.0	8.3	7.7
18 to 64 years	46,675	23,505	23,170	54.6	54.7	54.4
65 years and over	17,480	8,440	9,035	20.4	19.7	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,560	8,480	9,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,565	2,860	2,710	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,045	1,070	975	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,970	3,940	4,025	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,025	1,680	2,350	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.5	19.7	21.3	20.5	19.7	21.3
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0
0 to 5 years (%)	29.8	30.0	29.6	29.8	30.0	29.6
18 to 64 years (%)	17.1	16.8	17.4	17.1	16.8	17.4
65 years and over (%)	23.0	19.9	26.0	23.0	19.9	26.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	74,470	37,385	37,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,765	8,610	8,155	22.5	23.0	22.0
0 to 5 years	5,330	2,765	2,560	7.2	7.4	6.9
18 to 64 years	40,785	20,580	20,205	54.8	55.0	54.5
65 years and over	16,925	8,195	8,725	22.7	21.9	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,835	1,625	1,210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	560	290	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	95	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,955	1,150	800	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	180	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.3	3.3	3.8	4.3	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.6	4.0	4.8	5.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.2	1.6	1.9	2.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	85,530	42,940	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,530	28,465	29,070	67.3	66.3	68.3
In bottom decile	14,760	7,330	7,435	17.3	17.1	17.5
In second decile	13,255	6,300	6,955	15.5	14.7	16.3
In third decile	11,055	5,460	5,595	12.9	12.7	13.1
In fourth decile	9,695	4,895	4,800	11.3	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	8,760	4,480	4,285	10.2	10.4	10.1
In top half of the distribution	27,995	14,475	13,520	32.7	33.7	31.7
In sixth decile	7,740	4,035	3,710	9.0	9.4	8.7
In seventh decile	6,890	3,545	3,340	8.1	8.3	7.8
In eighth decile	5,950	3,040	2,910	7.0	7.1	6.8
In ninth decile	4,585	2,410	2,180	5.4	5.6	5.1
In top decile	2,830	1,445	1,385	3.3	3.4	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	85,530	...	...	85,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.325	...	...	0.325	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.482	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,385	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	85,100	42,780	42,320	96.3	96.5	96.1
French only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,065	1,425	1,640	3.5	3.2	3.7
Neither English nor French	200	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,385	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,185	43,715	43,470	98.6	98.6	98.7
French	980	490	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,385	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,435	43,315	43,115	97.8	97.7	97.9
Official languages	74,895	37,550	37,345	84.7	84.7	84.8
English	73,765	36,995	36,775	83.5	83.4	83.5
French	1,130	560	575	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official languages	11,535	5,765	5,775	13.1	13.0	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,780	855	925	2.0	1.9	2.1
Algonquian languages	1,540	740	800	1.7	1.7	1.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,250	590	655	1.4	1.3	1.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	1,235	585	650	1.4	1.3	1.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	285	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ojibway, n.o.s.	930	455	480	1.1	1.0	1.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,755	4,910	4,845	11.0	11.1	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,545	1,395	1,150	2.9	3.1	2.6
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,100	1,135	960	2.4	2.6	2.2
Waray-Waray	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,795	3,315	3,480	7.7	7.5	7.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,860	885	975	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,860	890	965	2.1	2.0	2.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,585	740	845	1.8	1.7	1.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,500	2,205	2,295	5.1	5.0	5.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,530	1,720	1,810	4.0	3.9	4.1
German	3,460	1,680	1,785	3.9	3.8	4.1
Pennsylvania German	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	790	405	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	375	200	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	115	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,955	1,020	930	2.2	2.3	2.1
English and French	265	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,530	800	730	1.7	1.8	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,385	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,380	38,815	38,565	87.5	87.5	87.5
French	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,380	1,665	1,715	3.8	3.8	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	3,135	1,545	1,585	3.5	3.5	3.6
English and French	465	235	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	6,755	3,410	3,340	7.6	7.7	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,385	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,755	43,510	43,245	98.2	98.1	98.2
Official languages	80,890	40,485	40,410	91.5	91.3	91.7
English	80,685	40,380	40,305	91.3	91.1	91.5
French	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,860	3,030	2,835	6.6	6.8	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	545	270	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	485	240	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	420	210	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	415	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	325	165	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,320	2,755	2,560	6.0	6.2	5.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,875	1,090	785	2.1	2.5	1.8
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,635	940	695	1.8	2.1	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,200	1,540	1,660	3.6	3.5	3.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,670	1,260	1,405	3.0	2.8	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,365	1,125	1,245	2.7	2.5	2.8
German	2,330	1,100	1,230	2.6	2.5	2.8
Pennsylvania German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	135	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,635	830	805	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,515	770	745	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,390	44,340	44,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,410	41,310	41,100	93.2	93.2	93.3
English	2,010	1,085	925	2.3	2.4	2.1
French	360	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	3,045	1,460	1,585	3.4	3.3	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	895	405	490	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-Indigenous	2,150	1,055	1,095	2.4	2.4	2.5
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	355	210	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	85,850	42,975	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,645	42,885	42,760	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	85,610	42,865	42,750	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	3,120	1,555	1,560	3.6	3.6	3.6
Non-official languages	13,515	6,710	6,805	15.7	15.6	15.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,410	1,615	1,790	4.0	3.8	4.2
Algonquian languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	3.3	3.1	3.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	520	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	520	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,335	1,100	1,235	2.7	2.6	2.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway languages	2,310	1,085	1,225	2.7	2.5	2.9
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	570	240	330	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,765	855	910	2.1	2.0	2.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	480	235	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	475	235	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,170	5,115	5,055	11.8	11.9	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,440	1,905	1,535	4.0	4.4	3.6
Bikol	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cebuano	430	275	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	100	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,310	1,825	1,485	3.9	4.2	3.5
Waray-Waray	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,970	2,870	3,100	7.0	6.7	7.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,485	1,095	1,390	2.9	2.5	3.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,480	1,095	1,385	2.9	2.5	3.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	335	135	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,115	930	1,185	2.5	2.2	2.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,760	1,405	1,355	3.2	3.3	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,860	960	900	2.2	2.2	2.1
German	1,835	950	885	2.1	2.2	2.1
Pennsylvania German	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,010	490	520	1.2	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plautdietsch	525	255	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	305	135	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	610	335	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	520	300	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	85,850	42,975	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	24,265	11,970	12,295	28.3	27.9	28.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	23,820	11,740	12,080	27.7	27.3	28.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,880	7,765	8,115	18.5	18.1	18.9
Métis	7,900	3,965	3,935	9.2	9.2	9.2
Inuk (Inuit)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	245	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	61,585	31,010	30,575	71.7	72.2	71.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	85,850	42,975	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15,165	7,425	7,745	17.7	17.3	18.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,685	35,555	35,125	82.3	82.7	81.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,405	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	7,120	...	...	20.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,825	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	945	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not condominium	34,400	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,995	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,800	...	...	24.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,470	...	...	38.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,910	...	...	28.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,620	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,550	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,400	...	...	18.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,725	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,045	...	...	28.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,350	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	995	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,485	...	...	94.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,860	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,710	...	...	27.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,870	...	...	33.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,725	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,360	...	...	9.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,250	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,485	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,545	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,405	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,720	...	...	89.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,625	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,675	...	...	58.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,835	...	...	39.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,195	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,615	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,170	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,460	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,925	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,520	...	...	18.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,790	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,670	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	29,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,045	...	...	89.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,110	...	...	10.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,845	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,775	...	...	22.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,730	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,365	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,870	...	...	8.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,570	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,475	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	26,415	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.9	...	...	47.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	616	...	...	616	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	826	...	...	826	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	208,800	...	...	208,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	25.3	...	...	25.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.1	...	...	24.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	704	...	...	704	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	17	...	...	17	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	155	...	...	155	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	85,850	42,980	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	17,465	8,710	8,750	20.3	20.3	20.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	17,105	8,540	8,565	19.9	19.9	20.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	14,290	7,110	7,175	16.6	16.5	16.7
Métis single ancestry	2,790	1,420	1,370	3.2	3.3	3.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	355	175	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,815	3,270	3,545	7.9	7.6	8.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,340	3,075	3,265	7.4	7.2	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,565	1,235	1,330	3.0	2.9	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,715	1,810	1,910	4.3	4.2	4.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	480	200	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	465	185	280	0.5	0.4	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	61,570	30,995	30,580	71.7	72.1	71.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	85,850	42,975	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	81,025	40,375	40,655	94.4	93.9	94.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,350	10,440	9,910	23.7	24.3	23.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	60,680	29,935	30,740	70.7	69.7	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,820	2,600	2,220	5.6	6.1	5.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	85,850	42,975	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,760	39,300	39,460	91.7	91.4	92.0
Immigrants⁸¹	6,050	2,960	3,095	7.0	6.9	7.2
Before 1980	660	305	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
1980 to 1990	320	195	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
1991 to 2000	520	260	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,000	475	520	1.2	1.1	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,550	1,730	1,830	4.1	4.0	4.3
2011 to 2015	1,365	675	695	1.6	1.6	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,185	1,050	1,135	2.5	2.4	2.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,035	720	315	1.2	1.7	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,050	2,960	3,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	670	315	350	11.1	10.6	11.3
5 to 14 years	1,250	575	680	20.7	19.4	22.0
15 to 24 years	875	410	465	14.5	13.9	15.0
25 to 44 years	2,715	1,390	1,325	44.9	47.0	42.8
45 years and over	550	265	280	9.1	9.0	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,050	2,960	3,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	255	345	10.0	8.6	11.1
Brazil	40	20	15	0.7	0.7	0.5
Colombia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
El Salvador	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	60	30	30	1.0	1.0	1.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	340	115	220	5.6	3.9	7.1
Other places of birth in Americas	105	65	40	1.7	2.2	1.3
Europe	2,065	1,050	1,010	34.1	35.5	32.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	25	0.7	0.8	0.8
Germany	415	230	185	6.9	7.8	6.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	140	80	65	2.3	2.7	2.1
Poland	45	10	40	0.7	0.3	1.3
Portugal	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	100	40	65	1.7	1.4	2.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	95	35	55	1.6	1.2	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	885	490	395	14.6	16.6	12.8
Other places of birth in Europe	310	135	175	5.1	4.6	5.7
Africa	205	90	120	3.4	3.0	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	25	30	1.0	0.8	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	40	1.1	0.8	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
Asia	3,125	1,535	1,595	51.7	51.9	51.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	50	50	1.6	1.7	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	2,685	1,325	1,360	44.4	44.8	43.9
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	140	75	70	2.3	2.5	2.3
Pakistan	40	20	15	0.7	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	30	1.1	1.0	1.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	25	25	0.7	0.8	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,185	1,050	1,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	125	55	70	5.7	5.2	6.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	25	50	3.4	2.4	4.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Europe	170	75	95	7.8	7.1	8.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	10	30	1.8	1.0	2.6
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	15	1.4	1.0	1.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25	2.7	3.3	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Africa	100	40	60	4.6	3.8	5.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	20	25	2.3	1.9	2.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	20	1.8	1.4	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Asia	1,785	885	905	81.7	84.3	79.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	1.1	1.4	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	45	45	4.1	4.3	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,620	805	815	74.1	76.7	71.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	85,850	42,975	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,495	3,865	3,625	8.7	9.0	8.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,010	3,865	4,140	9.3	9.0	9.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,345	35,245	35,100	81.9	82.0	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,395	2,655	2,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,610	2,375	2,240	85.4	89.5	81.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,645	1,305	340	30.5	49.2	12.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,970	1,065	1,905	55.1	40.1	69.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	235	440	12.5	8.9	16.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	30	35	1.2	1.1	1.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	15	25	0.8	0.6	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,395	2,655	2,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,420	900	515	26.3	33.9	18.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	140	120	4.8	5.3	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	70	50	2.2	2.6	1.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,530	1,520	2,010	65.4	57.3	73.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	85,850	42,975	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,355	2,895	2,465	6.2	6.7	5.7
South Asian	460	210	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	365	220	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Filipino	3,655	1,990	1,665	4.3	4.6	3.9
Arab	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin American	230	140	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Southeast Asian	130	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,495	40,085	40,410	93.8	93.3	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	85,845	42,975	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,055	4,050	4,005	9.4	9.4	9.3
English	19,310	9,365	9,940	22.5	21.8	23.2
Irish	11,850	5,505	6,340	13.8	12.8	14.8
Scottish	15,305	7,470	7,840	17.8	17.4	18.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,525	3,305	3,225	7.6	7.7	7.5
German	11,210	5,500	5,710	13.1	12.8	13.3
Chinese	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italian	410	185	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indian (India)	310	150	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukrainian	15,110	7,465	7,645	17.6	17.4	17.8
Dutch	2,570	1,220	1,355	3.0	2.8	3.2
Polish	5,370	2,610	2,765	6.3	6.1	6.4
Québécois	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,515	725	795	1.8	1.7	1.9
Filipino	3,500	1,940	1,560	4.1	4.5	3.6
French Canadian	300	170	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,085	560	520	1.3	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,945	2,975	2,970	6.9	6.9	6.9
Métis	7,340	3,600	3,745	8.6	8.4	8.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	855	425	430	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	2,030	1,050	980	2.4	2.4	2.3
Norwegian	1,585	710	880	1.8	1.7	2.1
Welsh	1,255	570	685	1.5	1.3	1.6
Portuguese	130	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	650	350	300	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	1,705	790	910	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hungarian	605	265	340	0.7	0.6	0.8
Acadian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,050	950	1,100	2.4	2.2	2.6
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	450	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	340	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	560	275	285	0.7	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,760	920	835	2.1	2.1	1.9
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	810	400	410	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belgian	955	460	500	1.1	1.1	1.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	2,220	1,180	1,040	2.6	2.7	2.4
Swiss	350	185	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	390	190	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,495	710	785	1.7	1.7	1.8
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	280	100	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	5,810	2,785	3,025	6.8	6.5	7.1
Newfoundlander	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	615	280	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	410	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	430	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	85,850	42,975	42,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	49,210	23,600	25,615	57.3	54.9	59.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,295	3,660	3,635	8.5	8.5	8.5
Anabaptist	1,675	845	830	2.0	2.0	1.9
Anglican	3,035	1,355	1,680	3.5	3.2	3.9
Baptist	1,225	605	625	1.4	1.4	1.5
Catholic	17,760	8,775	8,975	20.7	20.4	20.9
Christian Orthodox	1,105	515	595	1.3	1.2	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	380	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,750	835	915	2.0	1.9	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,190	555	635	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	645	285	370	0.8	0.7	0.9
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	9,925	4,475	5,445	11.6	10.4	12.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,005	1,415	1,590	3.5	3.3	3.7
Hindu	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,240	1,110	1,130	2.6	2.6	2.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	445	190	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	33,395	17,785	15,610	38.9	41.4	36.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	84,765	42,370	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,705	38,375	38,330	90.5	90.6	90.4
Movers	8,060	4,000	4,060	9.5	9.4	9.6
Non-migrants	3,850	1,960	1,885	4.5	4.6	4.4
Migrants	4,215	2,040	2,180	5.0	4.8	5.1
Internal migrants	3,850	1,840	2,010	4.5	4.3	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,980	1,425	1,555	3.5	3.4	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	865	415	455	1.0	1.0	1.1
External migrants	365	195	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,080	39,945	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,715	26,975	26,740	67.1	67.5	66.6
Movers	26,365	12,970	13,395	32.9	32.5	33.4
Non-migrants	8,780	4,400	4,380	11.0	11.0	10.9
Migrants	17,585	8,565	9,015	22.0	21.4	22.5
Internal migrants	15,405	7,415	7,995	19.2	18.6	19.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,910	6,195	6,715	16.1	15.5	16.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,495	1,220	1,280	3.1	3.1	3.2
External migrants	2,180	1,155	1,020	2.7	2.9	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,715	11,645	9,070	30.5	34.5	26.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,145	22,115	25,030	69.5	65.5	73.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,820	20,405	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,620	5,145	3,475	21.1	25.2	17.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,195	15,260	16,935	78.9	74.8	83.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,860	33,760	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,720	10,460	8,260	27.6	31.0	24.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,890	10,985	10,910	32.3	32.5	32.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,250	12,315	14,940	40.2	36.5	43.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,525	9,420	10,105	28.8	27.9	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,360	3,945	1,410	7.9	11.7	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,270	1,360	910	3.3	4.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,090	2,585	500	4.6	7.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,290	4,650	7,640	18.1	13.8	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,875	830	1,045	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,730	2,885	4,835	11.4	8.5	14.2
Bachelor's degree	5,765	2,140	3,620	8.5	6.3	10.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	230	425	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	95	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,005	395	615	1.5	1.2	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,815	20,410	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,675	4,595	3,080	18.8	22.5	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,785	7,135	6,650	33.8	35.0	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,355	8,670	10,680	47.4	42.5	52.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,480	6,610	6,865	33.0	32.4	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,625	2,695	935	8.9	13.2	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,470	905	565	3.6	4.4	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,155	1,785	375	5.3	8.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,720	3,405	5,320	21.4	16.7	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,135	515	620	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,875	2,060	3,810	14.4	10.1	18.7
Bachelor's degree	4,430	1,545	2,880	10.9	7.6	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	415	140	275	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	65	135	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	790	290	500	1.9	1.4	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,860	33,755	34,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,610	21,450	19,160	59.8	63.5	56.2
Education	3,055	735	2,320	4.5	2.2	6.8
13. Education	3,055	735	2,320	4.5	2.2	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	140	225	0.5	0.4	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	300	85	215	0.4	0.3	0.6
Humanities	850	415	440	1.3	1.2	1.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	95	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	205	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	90	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,765	500	1,265	2.6	1.5	3.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	730	55	675	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	240	45	195	0.4	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	190	60	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
45. Social sciences	380	240	140	0.6	0.7	0.4
Business, management and public administration	4,315	1,195	3,120	6.4	3.5	9.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	565	115	450	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,745	1,080	2,665	5.5	3.2	7.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	485	190	295	0.7	0.6	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485	270	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	405	255	150	0.6	0.8	0.4
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,720	5,510	215	8.4	16.3	0.6
04. Architecture and related services	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	305	265	45	0.4	0.8	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,040	980	65	1.5	2.9	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,800	1,770	30	2.7	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,980	1,940	45	2.9	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	540	530	10	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,285	1,635	645	3.4	4.8	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,940	1,395	545	2.9	4.1	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	240	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	5,880	760	5,120	8.7	2.3	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	150	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,625	605	5,020	8.3	1.8	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,035	960	1,075	3.0	2.8	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,390	395	995	2.0	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	285	220	65	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	345	15	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,815	20,405	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,465	11,730	9,730	52.6	57.5	47.7
Education	1,835	440	1,395	4.5	2.2	6.8
13. Education	1,835	440	1,395	4.5	2.2	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	100	160	0.6	0.5	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	60	150	0.5	0.3	0.7
Humanities	540	255	280	1.3	1.2	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	40	100	0.3	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	155	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
54. History	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,400	380	1,020	3.4	1.9	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	55	560	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	195	35	160	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	140	45	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
45. Social sciences	275	165	110	0.7	0.8	0.5
Business, management and public administration	3,170	905	2,265	7.8	4.4	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	415	70	350	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,750	835	1,915	6.7	4.1	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	115	210	0.8	0.6	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	50	110	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	210	160	0.9	1.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	210	135	0.8	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,000	3,830	165	9.8	18.8	0.8
04. Architecture and related services	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	245	200	45	0.6	1.0	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735	685	55	1.8	3.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,230	1,215	20	3.0	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,350	1,325	25	3.3	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	380	380	10	0.9	1.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,685	1,140	545	4.1	5.6	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,415	960	450	3.5	4.7	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	175	95	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	4,285	600	3,685	10.5	2.9	18.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	130	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,065	470	3,590	10.0	2.3	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,485	695	790	3.6	3.4	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,020	300	720	2.5	1.5	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	175	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	215	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,815	20,405	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,465	11,730	9,730	52.6	57.5	47.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,355	8,675	10,680	47.4	42.5	52.3
Location of study inside Canada	16,980	7,410	9,565	41.6	36.3	46.9
Same as province or territory of residence	14,045	6,075	7,975	34.4	29.8	39.1
Different than province or territory of residence	2,930	1,340	1,590	7.2	6.6	7.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,375	1,265	1,115	5.8	6.2	5.5
Americas	375	180	195	0.9	0.9	1.0
United States of America	315	150	165	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	465	245	220	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	110	80	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Netherlands	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,420	785	635	3.5	3.8	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,205	695	520	3.0	3.4	2.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	67,860	33,760	34,105	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,260	21,710	18,550	...	...	...
Employed	37,620	20,170	17,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,640	1,540	1,095	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,600	12,050	15,550	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.3	64.3	54.4	59.3	64.3	54.4
Employment rate	55.4	59.7	51.2	55.4	59.7	51.2
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.1	5.9	6.6	7.1	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	67,860	33,755	34,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,365	12,030	15,330	40.3	35.6	45.0
Worked	40,500	21,730	18,770	59.7	64.4	55.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,720	13,610	9,115	33.5	40.3	26.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,775	8,120	9,650	26.2	24.1	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	43.0	41.0	42.1	43.0	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,260	21,710	18,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	645	375	270	1.6	1.7	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,610	21,335	18,280	98.4	98.3	98.5
Employee	31,390	15,775	15,615	78.0	72.7	84.2
Permanent position	25,530	13,010	12,525	63.4	59.9	67.5
Temporary position	5,860	2,765	3,095	14.6	12.7	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,295	485	810	3.2	2.2	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,565	2,280	2,285	11.3	10.5	12.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,225	5,560	2,665	20.4	25.6	14.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,260	21,710	18,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	645	375	270	1.6	1.7	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,610	21,335	18,280	98.4	98.3	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	245	115	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,415	945	3,465	11.0	4.4	18.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,055	785	270	2.6	3.6	1.5
3 Health occupations	3,355	400	2,950	8.3	1.8	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,065	1,305	3,760	12.6	6.0	20.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	510	165	340	1.3	0.8	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	8,250	3,245	5,010	20.5	14.9	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,570	7,035	535	18.8	32.4	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,745	5,365	1,380	16.8	24.7	7.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,400	1,955	445	6.0	9.0	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,260	21,710	18,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	645	375	270	1.6	1.7	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	39,610	21,335	18,280	98.4	98.3	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,065	5,345	1,720	17.5	24.6	9.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	685	640	40	1.7	2.9	0.2
22 Utilities	295	255	45	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	2,860	2,590	275	7.1	11.9	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	3,015	2,365	655	7.5	10.9	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,015	855	160	2.5	3.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,250	1,990	2,255	10.6	9.2	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,370	1,055	310	3.4	4.9	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	215	115	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	850	155	700	2.1	0.7	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	175	125	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	920	340	580	2.3	1.6	3.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	900	535	370	2.2	2.5	2.0
61 Educational services	3,535	980	2,555	8.8	4.5	13.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,185	855	5,330	15.4	3.9	28.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	600	340	265	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	1,750	630	1,120	4.3	2.9	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,520	875	640	3.8	4.0	3.5
91 Public administration	2,370	1,285	1,080	5.9	5.9	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,765	23,355	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,365	22,605	19,760	96.8	96.8	96.8
French	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	140	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	175	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	985	550	435	2.3	2.4	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,765	23,355	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,560	23,245	20,315	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	43,180	23,010	20,170	98.7	98.5	98.8
English	43,095	22,985	20,115	98.5	98.4	98.6
French	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	380	235	140	0.9	1.0	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	205	115	0.7	0.9	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	125	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	120	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	105	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,765	23,355	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,780	22,815	19,960	97.7	97.7	97.8
English	220	140	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
French	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	625	320	300	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-Indigenous	415	235	175	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,620	20,170	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,510	3,830	2,680	17.3	19.0	15.4
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,800	3,685	1,115	12.8	18.3	6.4
Usual place of work	26,260	12,610	13,650	69.8	62.5	78.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,260	12,610	13,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,520	7,305	8,215	59.1	57.9	60.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,490	2,905	3,585	24.7	23.0	26.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,665	1,900	1,765	14.0	15.1	12.9
Commute to a different province or territory	585	495	90	2.2	3.9	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,055	16,295	14,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,815	14,800	13,015	89.6	90.8	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,575	13,645	11,935	82.4	83.7	80.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,240	1,155	1,085	7.2	7.1	7.4
Public transit	125	75	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Walked	2,425	1,015	1,410	7.8	6.2	9.6
Bicycle	150	90	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other method	540	310	235	1.7	1.9	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,055	16,295	14,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,590	8,690	8,900	56.6	53.3	60.3
15 to 29 minutes	7,030	3,625	3,400	22.6	22.2	23.0
30 to 44 minutes	3,810	2,155	1,650	12.3	13.2	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,150	725	425	3.7	4.4	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,475	1,090	385	4.7	6.7	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,055	16,295	14,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,545	1,175	365	5.0	7.2	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,600	3,005	1,600	14.8	18.4	10.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,735	4,965	3,765	28.1	30.5	25.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,260	3,770	5,495	29.8	23.1	37.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,305	1,345	1,965	10.6	8.3	13.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,610	2,030	1,580	11.6	12.5	10.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,715	11,190	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,200	630	575	5.5	5.6	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,515	10,560	9,955	94.5	94.4	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,635	8,025	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	895	485	410	5.7	6.0	5.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	260	240	3.2	3.2	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	225	170	2.5	2.8	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,735	7,540	7,195	94.2	94.0	94.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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