Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Elmwood--TransconaMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,691	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,738	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,938	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,810	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,053.3	...	...	2,053.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	49.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,695	49,930	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,945	9,670	9,270	18.6	19.4	17.9
0 to 4 years	6,185	3,105	3,085	6.1	6.2	6.0
5 to 9 years	6,565	3,400	3,160	6.5	6.8	6.1
10 to 14 years	6,190	3,170	3,020	6.1	6.3	5.8
15 to 64 years	67,450	33,630	33,825	66.3	67.4	65.3
15 to 19 years	5,675	3,000	2,675	5.6	6.0	5.2
20 to 24 years	6,590	3,370	3,225	6.5	6.7	6.2
25 to 29 years	7,015	3,495	3,520	6.9	7.0	6.8
30 to 34 years	7,910	3,840	4,070	7.8	7.7	7.9
35 to 39 years	7,975	3,960	4,020	7.8	7.9	7.8
40 to 44 years	7,320	3,640	3,680	7.2	7.3	7.1
45 to 49 years	6,525	3,265	3,265	6.4	6.5	6.3
50 to 54 years	5,925	2,955	2,975	5.8	5.9	5.7
55 to 59 years	6,465	3,155	3,315	6.4	6.3	6.4
60 to 64 years	6,040	2,950	3,085	5.9	5.9	6.0
65 years and over	15,295	6,630	8,670	15.0	13.3	16.8
65 to 69 years	4,970	2,360	2,610	4.9	4.7	5.0
70 to 74 years	3,970	1,815	2,160	3.9	3.6	4.2
75 to 79 years	2,540	1,120	1,420	2.5	2.2	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,740	675	1,065	1.7	1.4	2.1
85 years and over	2,075	660	1,415	2.0	1.3	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,255	430	825	1.2	0.9	1.6
90 to 94 years	615	185	430	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.4	17.9	18.6	19.4	17.9
15 to 64 years	66.3	67.4	65.3	66.3	67.4	65.3
65 years and over	15.0	13.3	16.8	15.0	13.3	16.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.3	2.7	2.0	1.3	2.7
Average age of the population	39.0	37.9	40.1	39.0	37.9	40.1
Median age of the population	38.0	36.8	38.8	38.0	36.8	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,375	...	...	66.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,435	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	1,420	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	685	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,455	...	...	16.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,410	...	...	6.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,900	...	...	27.4	...	...
2 persons	12,860	...	...	32.3	...	...
3 persons	6,460	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	5,665	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,930	...	...	9.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,620	49,590	51,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,745	40,260	42,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,155	23,000	23,160	55.8	57.1	54.5
Married	37,680	18,780	18,900	45.5	46.6	44.5
Living common-law	8,480	4,220	4,260	10.2	10.5	10.0
Living common law - Never married	6,340	3,165	3,175	7.7	7.9	7.5
Living common law - Separated	370	195	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,615	805	815	2.0	2.0	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	36,590	17,260	19,335	44.2	42.9	45.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,845	13,485	11,365	30.0	33.5	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,035	840	1,195	2.5	2.1	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,155	2,030	3,120	6.2	5.0	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,560	900	3,655	5.5	2.2	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,325	...	...	47.7	...	...
3 persons	6,425	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	5,505	...	...	19.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,660	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,585	...	...	80.9	...	...
Married couples	18,345	...	...	65.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,740	...	...	38.5	...	...
Without children	7,605	...	...	27.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,240	...	...	15.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,755	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	2,480	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,330	...	...	19.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,170	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,155	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,625	49,585	51,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	82,375	40,750	41,620	81.9	82.2	81.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,175	22,545	22,635	44.9	45.5	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,330	1,160	4,175	5.3	2.3	8.2
Children⁶	31,865	17,055	14,815	31.7	34.4	29.0
In a two-parent family	23,445	12,425	11,025	23.3	25.1	21.6
In a one-parent family	8,420	4,630	3,790	8.4	9.3	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,250	8,840	9,410	18.1	17.8	18.4
Living alone	10,895	5,030	5,870	10.8	10.1	11.5
Living with other relatives⁷	3,660	1,645	2,015	3.6	3.3	3.9
Living with non-relatives only	3,690	2,160	1,525	3.7	4.4	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,025	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	19,945	...	...	50.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,940	...	...	27.5	...	...
Without children	9,000	...	...	22.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,085	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,170	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,605	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,875	...	...	4.7	...	...
One-person households	10,895	...	...	27.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,690	39,925	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,760	38,430	40,330	96.4	96.3	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	36,800	40,800	45,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,795	38,450	40,345	96.5	96.3	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,800	36,000	39,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,635	35,195	35,440	86.5	88.2	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	28,400	34,800	41,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,195	30,485	28,710	72.5	76.4	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,000	38,000	44,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,505	34,805	37,700	88.8	87.2	90.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	4,800	9,600	7,700	4,800	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,610	5,050	5,560	13.0	12.6	13.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,040	5,080	5,040	5,040	5,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,865	9,945	10,920	25.5	24.9	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,625	39,850	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,670	38,370	40,300	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,160	41,320	46,120	51,160	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,700	38,375	40,320	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,920	42,400	35,600	38,920	42,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,615	35,230	35,390	86.5	88.4	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	47,560	35,080	41,320	47,560	35,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,170	30,495	28,670	72.5	76.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,040	48,480	37,240	43,040	48,480	37,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,235	34,595	37,640	88.5	86.8	90.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,850	8,340	11,240	9,850	8,340	11,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,675	5,105	5,580	13.1	12.8	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,965	5,720	6,185	5,965	5,720	6,185
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,545	9,795	10,750	25.2	24.6	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550	8,240	8,820	8,550	8,240	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,620	39,855	41,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,585	17,100	13,485	37.5	42.9	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	60,000	50,400	55,200	60,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,950	65,300	55,400	60,950	65,300	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,240	10,230	12,010	27.2	25.7	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	17,400	19,000	21,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	29,080	22,660	25,600	29,080	22,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.4	74.6	80.4	85.4	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	75.2	64.2	70.2	75.2	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	14.7	25.4	19.6	14.7	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.4	6.1	5.0	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.7	4.8	4.1	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,690	39,920	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,930	1,490	1,435	3.6	3.7	3.4
With total income	78,765	38,430	40,335	96.4	96.3	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,590	3,000	3,590	8.4	7.8	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,385	3,410	4,980	10.6	8.9	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,210	5,025	7,185	15.5	13.1	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,420	4,930	6,490	14.5	12.8	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,790	4,975	5,815	13.7	12.9	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,740	4,515	4,230	11.1	11.7	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,440	3,585	2,855	8.2	9.3	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,420	2,660	1,755	5.6	6.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,255	2,020	1,240	4.1	5.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	1,365	895	2.9	3.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,235	2,940	1,295	5.4	7.7	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,470	2,355	1,110	4.4	6.1	2.8
$150,000 and over	765	585	180	1.0	1.5	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,690	39,920	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,900	1,475	1,425	3.6	3.7	3.4
With after-tax income	78,795	38,450	40,345	96.5	96.3	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,835	3,065	3,775	8.7	8.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,120	3,770	5,350	11.6	9.8	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,820	6,205	8,615	18.8	16.1	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,475	6,515	7,960	18.4	16.9	19.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,330	6,245	6,080	15.6	16.2	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,540	4,745	3,800	10.8	12.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,355	3,220	2,135	6.8	8.4	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	2,050	1,385	4.4	5.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,715	1,055	660	2.2	2.7	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	860	595	260	1.1	1.5	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,310	980	330	1.7	2.5	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	840	630	215	1.1	1.6	0.5
$125,000 and over	470	350	120	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,690	39,920	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,495	9,435	13,060	27.5	23.6	31.3
With employment income	59,200	30,490	28,705	72.5	76.4	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,495	2,990	3,500	11.0	9.8	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,345	1,835	2,505	7.3	6.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,030	3,025	4,005	11.9	9.9	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,430	2,840	3,590	10.9	9.3	12.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,755	3,265	3,485	11.4	10.7	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,785	3,365	3,420	11.5	11.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,800	3,190	2,605	9.8	10.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,505	2,695	1,810	7.6	8.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,215	2,030	1,180	5.4	6.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	1,665	975	4.5	5.5	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,890	1,170	720	3.2	3.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,315	2,400	915	5.6	7.9	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,055	1,415	635	3.5	4.6	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,265	985	275	2.1	3.2	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,690	39,925	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,640	37,270	39,370	93.8	93.4	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,680	37,275	39,400	93.9	93.4	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,600	34,000	38,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,865	34,740	35,125	85.5	87.0	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,000	36,000	42,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,345	30,485	28,860	72.6	76.4	69.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,200	38,400	44,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,735	31,810	34,920	81.7	79.7	83.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,500	1,080	5,480	2,500	1,080	5,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,205	3,380	3,820	8.8	8.5	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,720	5,480	5,560	5,720	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,625	39,850	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,390	37,135	39,260	93.6	93.2	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	49,520	38,360	43,760	49,520	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,440	37,135	39,305	93.6	93.2	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,760	40,800	32,920	36,760	40,800	32,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,590	34,625	34,970	85.3	86.9	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	48,160	35,040	41,560	48,160	35,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,225	30,405	28,820	72.6	76.3	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,000	48,680	37,000	43,000	48,680	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,690	31,810	34,880	81.7	79.8	83.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,770	5,395	8,020	6,770	5,395	8,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,390	3,505	3,880	9.1	8.8	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,580	7,570	7,100	6,580	7,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,620	39,855	41,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,340	16,960	13,380	37.2	42.6	32.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	57,600	46,800	52,400	57,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	62,450	51,300	57,550	62,450	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,010	9,625	11,385	25.7	24.2	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	28,600	22,000	24,600	28,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	34,800	27,080	30,600	34,800	27,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.6	81.4	86.6	90.6	81.4
Employment income (%)	76.2	80.4	70.8	76.2	80.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)	13.5	9.3	18.6	13.5	9.3	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,720	...	...	50,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	...	...	42,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,230	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,230	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,415	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,670	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,645	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,360	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,290	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,465	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,435	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,640	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,640	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,750	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	510	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,395	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,580	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,610	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,120	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,990	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,050	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,840	...	...	9.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,735	...	...	9.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,215	...	...	8.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,130	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,945	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,695	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,485	...	...	6.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,585	7,190	7,395	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,800	38,400	41,600	44,800	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	34,400	36,400	38,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...	105,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,900	...	...	126,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,100	...	...	75,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,695	7,225	7,470	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,240	50,480	44,120	47,240	50,480	44,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,640	41,640	37,720	39,640	41,640	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,620	49,585	51,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,305	11,430	10,875	22.2	23.1	21.3
0 to 5 years	7,525	3,780	3,745	7.5	7.6	7.3
18 to 64 years	63,820	31,700	32,120	63.4	63.9	62.9
65 years and over	14,495	6,455	8,040	14.4	13.0	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,300	5,115	6,185	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,840	1,765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,340	665	675	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,815	2,610	3,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,880	665	1,215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.3	12.1	11.2	10.3	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.2	16.1	16.3	16.2	16.1	16.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.6	18.1	17.8	17.6	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.2	10.0	9.1	8.2	10.0
65 years and over (%)	13.0	10.3	15.1	13.0	10.3	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,625	49,585	51,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,305	11,435	10,870	22.2	23.1	21.3
0 to 5 years	7,520	3,780	3,740	7.5	7.6	7.3
18 to 64 years	63,825	31,700	32,125	63.4	63.9	62.9
65 years and over	14,495	6,450	8,040	14.4	13.0	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,235	2,975	3,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,815	935	880	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	660	330	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,920	1,865	2,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	500	180	320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.2	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.4
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.8	4.0	3.4	2.8	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,625	49,585	51,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,150	28,465	30,685	58.8	57.4	60.1
In bottom decile	9,755	4,535	5,220	9.7	9.1	10.2
In second decile	11,670	5,350	6,315	11.6	10.8	12.4
In third decile	12,535	6,095	6,440	12.5	12.3	12.6
In fourth decile	12,830	6,320	6,505	12.8	12.7	12.7
In fifth decile	12,370	6,165	6,205	12.3	12.4	12.2
In top half of the distribution	41,470	21,120	20,350	41.2	42.6	39.9
In sixth decile	11,550	5,850	5,705	11.5	11.8	11.2
In seventh decile	10,450	5,300	5,150	10.4	10.7	10.1
In eighth decile	9,550	4,875	4,680	9.5	9.8	9.2
In ninth decile	6,770	3,430	3,335	6.7	6.9	6.5
In top decile	3,145	1,665	1,485	3.1	3.4	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,625	...	...	100,625	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.383	...	...	0.383	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,685	45,470	46,215	90.8	91.5	90.0
French only	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	7,715	3,520	4,190	7.6	7.1	8.2
Neither English nor French	1,425	610	820	1.4	1.2	1.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	97,235	47,910	49,325	96.3	96.4	96.1
French	1,980	960	1,015	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	415	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	1,380	590	790	1.4	1.2	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,400	47,480	48,920	95.4	95.6	95.3
Official languages	73,850	36,705	37,150	73.1	73.9	72.4
English	71,950	35,785	36,170	71.2	72.0	70.5
French	1,900	920	980	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-official languages	22,555	10,775	11,775	22.3	21.7	22.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	95	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,295	10,685	11,610	22.1	21.5	22.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,400	700	700	1.4	1.4	1.4
Berber languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	150	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,235	615	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
Amharic	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	620	340	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	285	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	580	270	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	525	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,085	2,380	2,710	5.0	4.8	5.3
Bikol	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,525	2,115	2,415	4.5	4.3	4.7
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,730	6,125	6,610	12.6	12.3	12.9
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,085	1,380	1,705	3.1	2.8	3.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,080	1,375	1,700	3.0	2.8	3.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	650	305	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	900	425	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,035	445	595	1.0	0.9	1.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,970	865	1,100	2.0	1.7	2.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,480	670	805	1.5	1.3	1.6
German	1,470	665	805	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	180	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	215	75	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,330	2,725	2,605	5.3	5.5	5.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5,075	2,600	2,470	5.0	5.2	4.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	345	185	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,275	2,190	2,085	4.2	4.4	4.1
Rohingya	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	125	130	0.2	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,295	1,125	1,170	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	625	305	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,440	705	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	840	425	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	810	380	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	745	345	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	540	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,600	2,195	2,410	4.6	4.4	4.7
English and French	560	280	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,565	1,705	1,860	3.5	3.4	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,095	37,125	37,965	74.3	74.7	74.0
French	495	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	6,050	2,935	3,115	6.0	5.9	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,010	2,915	3,090	6.0	5.9	6.0
English and French	1,245	565	680	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	16,900	8,225	8,670	16.7	16.6	16.9
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	535	270	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	580	270	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,570	47,530	49,030	95.6	95.7	95.5
Official languages	83,010	40,855	42,155	82.2	82.2	82.1
English	82,315	40,535	41,775	81.5	81.6	81.4
French	695	320	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	13,555	6,675	6,880	13.4	13.4	13.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,495	6,655	6,840	13.4	13.4	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	900	455	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	800	405	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arabic	455	240	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	420	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,140	1,515	1,630	3.1	3.0	3.2
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,815	1,360	1,460	2.8	2.7	2.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,540	3,765	3,775	7.5	7.6	7.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,510	740	775	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,515	735	775	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	675	330	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,600	2,335	2,260	4.6	4.7	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	4,450	2,275	2,175	4.4	4.6	4.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,880	1,980	1,895	3.8	4.0	3.7
Rohingya	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,180	575	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	330	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	785	385	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	395	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	580	270	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	525	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	405	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,440	2,145	2,295	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,970	1,910	2,065	3.9	3.8	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,005	49,675	51,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,280	42,035	43,245	84.4	84.6	84.3
English	5,730	2,865	2,865	5.7	5.8	5.6
French	985	450	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	6,740	3,215	3,525	6.7	6.5	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	240	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	6,500	3,115	3,385	6.4	6.3	6.6
English and French	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,300	645	650	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	675	320	355	0.7	0.6	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,540	49,485	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	99,140	48,890	50,250	98.6	98.8	98.4
English	99,000	48,850	50,150	98.5	98.7	98.2
French	7,795	3,410	4,385	7.8	6.9	8.6
Non-official languages	29,505	14,210	15,295	29.3	28.7	30.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	450	185	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	430	175	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	270	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,070	14,040	15,035	28.9	28.4	29.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,250	1,125	1,130	2.2	2.3	2.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,025	985	1,040	2.0	2.0	2.0
Amharic	580	260	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arabic	935	465	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	235	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	745	365	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	705	340	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,710	3,120	3,595	6.7	6.3	7.0
Bikol	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,595	3,060	3,530	6.6	6.2	6.9
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,590	7,685	7,900	15.5	15.5	15.5
Albanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,750	1,715	2,035	3.7	3.5	4.0
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,750	1,715	2,035	3.7	3.5	4.0
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	920	470	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	1,300	625	670	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	280	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	270	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	1,550	665	890	1.5	1.3	1.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,635	1,210	1,425	2.6	2.4	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,155	1,010	1,150	2.1	2.0	2.3
German	2,150	1,005	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535	235	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	275	120	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,150	3,275	2,875	6.1	6.6	5.6
Indo-Aryan languages	5,865	3,105	2,760	5.8	6.3	5.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	495	270	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	2,460	1,265	1,200	2.4	2.6	2.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,860	2,570	2,290	4.8	5.2	4.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	240	150	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,350	1,670	1,685	3.3	3.4	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	670	340	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Romanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,300	1,160	1,140	2.3	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,225	1,110	1,115	2.2	2.2	2.2
Akan (Twi)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Edo	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	230	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	1,050	495	550	1.0	1.0	1.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dinka	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	140	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	400	540	0.9	0.8	1.1
Chinese languages	855	355	500	0.9	0.7	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	130	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	670	295	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	350	130	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lao	250	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Thai	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	80	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,540	49,490	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,230	6,890	7,335	14.2	13.9	14.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,820	6,700	7,120	13.7	13.5	13.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,365	2,575	2,790	5.3	5.2	5.5
Métis	8,410	4,100	4,315	8.4	8.3	8.5
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	86,315	42,590	43,720	85.9	86.1	85.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,540	49,490	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,915	2,355	2,560	4.9	4.8	5.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,630	47,135	48,495	95.1	95.2	95.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,930	...	...	70.1	...	...
Renter	11,885	...	...	29.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,060	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not condominium	37,755	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,750	...	...	11.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,620	...	...	26.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,460	...	...	41.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,750	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,870	...	...	29.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,475	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,035	...	...	17.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,375	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,065	...	...	20.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,380	...	...	96.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,430	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,865	...	...	92.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,945	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,300	...	...	33.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,590	...	...	29.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,760	...	...	9.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,110	...	...	5.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,005	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,880	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,660	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,510	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,460	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,355	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,795	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,145	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,870	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,055	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,360	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,380	...	...	21.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,000	...	...	17.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,455	...	...	18.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,525	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,735	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,305	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,645	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,105	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,445	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,265	...	...	28.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,225	...	...	15.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,285	...	...	5.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,640	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,550	...	...	71.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,080	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	35,005	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.4	...	...	69.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,000	...	...	310,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.6	...	...	36.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.6	...	...	24.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,181	...	...	1,181	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,545	49,485	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,075	2,935	3,145	6.0	5.9	6.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,785	2,785	3,000	5.8	5.6	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,615	1,730	1,885	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis single ancestry	2,160	1,055	1,110	2.1	2.1	2.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,415	4,165	4,250	8.4	8.4	8.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,060	4,015	4,045	8.0	8.1	7.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,760	1,350	1,410	2.7	2.7	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,260	2,650	2,610	5.2	5.4	5.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	355	150	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	140	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	86,045	42,385	43,665	85.6	85.7	85.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,540	49,485	51,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,825	44,140	45,685	89.3	89.2	89.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,290	10,335	9,950	20.2	20.9	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,535	33,800	35,730	69.2	68.3	70.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,720	5,345	5,375	10.7	10.8	10.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,540	49,485	51,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,545	36,730	37,820	74.1	74.2	74.1
Immigrants⁸¹	24,010	11,715	12,300	23.9	23.7	24.1
Before 1980	3,005	1,445	1,560	3.0	2.9	3.1
1980 to 1990	1,945	1,010	930	1.9	2.0	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,700	755	945	1.7	1.5	1.9
2001 to 2010	6,175	3,055	3,120	6.1	6.2	6.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,185	5,445	5,745	11.1	11.0	11.3
2011 to 2015	5,530	2,700	2,830	5.5	5.5	5.5
2016 to 2021	5,655	2,740	2,915	5.6	5.5	5.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,980	1,045	935	2.0	2.1	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	24,010	11,715	12,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,545	1,330	1,215	10.6	11.4	9.9
5 to 14 years	4,650	2,370	2,280	19.4	20.2	18.5
15 to 24 years	4,305	1,995	2,310	17.9	17.0	18.8
25 to 44 years	10,775	5,200	5,575	44.9	44.4	45.3
45 years and over	1,735	815	915	7.2	7.0	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	24,010	11,715	12,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,800	1,400	1,400	11.7	12.0	11.4
Brazil	175	95	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombia	195	125	75	0.8	1.1	0.6
El Salvador	370	180	185	1.5	1.5	1.5
Guyana	130	55	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	395	190	205	1.6	1.6	1.7
Mexico	115	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Peru	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	115	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
United States of America	410	190	220	1.7	1.6	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	855	415	435	3.6	3.5	3.5
Europe	4,315	2,060	2,255	18.0	17.6	18.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	170	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.7
France	85	40	40	0.4	0.3	0.3
Germany	505	245	265	2.1	2.1	2.2
Greece	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	60	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	185	100	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
Netherlands	230	120	110	1.0	1.0	0.9
Poland	565	250	315	2.4	2.1	2.6
Portugal	250	135	110	1.0	1.2	0.9
Romania	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	280	120	155	1.2	1.0	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	640	300	345	2.7	2.6	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	670	310	360	2.8	2.6	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	420	205	215	1.7	1.7	1.7
Africa	3,845	1,900	1,945	16.0	16.2	15.8
Algeria	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	325	190	140	1.4	1.6	1.1
Egypt	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eritrea	220	120	100	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ethiopia	445	185	255	1.9	1.6	2.1
Morocco	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	1,605	815	790	6.7	7.0	6.4
Somalia	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,035	480	555	4.3	4.1	4.5
Asia	13,010	6,320	6,690	54.2	53.9	54.4
Afghanistan	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	45	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iraq	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	275	145	130	1.1	1.2	1.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	335	160	175	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	80	50	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	6,540	3,060	3,485	27.2	26.1	28.3
Viet Nam	565	265	300	2.4	2.3	2.4
Bangladesh	90	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
India	3,610	1,845	1,765	15.0	15.7	14.3
Pakistan	145	85	55	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sri Lanka	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,050	500	555	4.4	4.3	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,660	2,745	2,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	470	240	225	8.3	8.7	7.7
Brazil	110	60	55	1.9	2.2	1.9
Colombia	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	115	65	50	2.0	2.4	1.7
Mexico	35	25	10	0.6	0.9	0.3
United States of America	85	35	50	1.5	1.3	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	50	50	1.8	1.8	1.7
Europe	310	145	165	5.5	5.3	5.7
France	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Germany	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Ukraine	175	85	90	3.1	3.1	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
Africa	1,465	680	780	25.9	24.8	26.8
Algeria	25	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.9
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	20	0.9	1.1	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	35	25	10	0.6	0.9	0.3
Ethiopia	65	25	40	1.1	0.9	1.4
Morocco	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	990	490	505	17.5	17.9	17.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	70	105	3.0	2.6	3.6
Asia	3,410	1,675	1,740	60.2	61.0	59.7
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	40	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
India	1,610	775	835	28.4	28.2	28.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.9
Israel	55	30	30	1.0	1.1	1.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	45	25	1.1	1.6	0.9
Philippines	1,060	525	535	18.7	19.1	18.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	255	145	105	4.5	5.3	3.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	70	25	50	1.2	0.9	1.7
Other places of birth in Asia	100	50	50	1.8	1.8	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,540	49,485	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	26,520	13,005	13,520	26.4	26.3	26.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,845	8,650	9,195	17.7	17.5	18.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	56,165	27,830	28,340	55.9	56.2	55.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,010	10,270	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,295	6,670	6,625	63.3	64.9	61.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,250	2,915	2,335	25.0	28.4	21.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,055	3,755	4,290	38.3	36.6	39.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,255	1,820	2,430	20.3	17.7	22.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,390	1,750	1,635	16.1	17.0	15.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,010	10,270	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	210	115	100	1.0	1.1	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	890	455	435	4.2	4.4	4.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	250	150	105	1.2	1.5	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	865	480	390	4.1	4.7	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,705	9,045	9,660	89.0	88.1	89.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,540	49,485	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	28,605	14,145	14,460	28.5	28.6	28.3
South Asian	6,425	3,355	3,075	6.4	6.8	6.0
Chinese	1,035	450	585	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	6,735	3,320	3,415	6.7	6.7	6.7
Filipino	8,655	4,150	4,505	8.6	8.4	8.8
Arab	595	315	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin American	1,875	975	900	1.9	2.0	1.8
Southeast Asian	1,470	700	770	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	250	155	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	355	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	935	420	510	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	71,935	35,340	36,595	71.5	71.4	71.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,540	49,485	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,790	4,070	3,725	7.7	8.2	7.3
English	14,980	7,285	7,695	14.9	14.7	15.1
Irish	10,360	4,880	5,480	10.3	9.9	10.7
Scottish	13,630	6,445	7,185	13.6	13.0	14.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,715	4,640	5,075	9.7	9.4	9.9
German	14,650	7,280	7,375	14.6	14.7	14.4
Chinese	1,610	695	915	1.6	1.4	1.8
Italian	1,995	1,040	955	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indian (India)	3,905	1,995	1,905	3.9	4.0	3.7
Ukrainian	17,150	8,265	8,885	17.1	16.7	17.4
Dutch	3,900	1,950	1,950	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	8,220	3,850	4,365	8.2	7.8	8.5
Québécois	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,020	1,015	1,005	2.0	2.1	2.0
Filipino	8,460	4,115	4,350	8.4	8.3	8.5
French Canadian	945	410	535	0.9	0.8	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,305	675	630	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,035	1,540	1,490	3.0	3.1	2.9
Métis	8,060	4,000	4,060	8.0	8.1	8.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	920	495	425	0.9	1.0	0.8
Russian	3,335	1,650	1,685	3.3	3.3	3.3
Norwegian	1,275	540	735	1.3	1.1	1.4
Welsh	1,110	485	625	1.1	1.0	1.2
Portuguese	1,145	585	565	1.1	1.2	1.1
American	520	230	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,170	515	660	1.2	1.0	1.3
Swedish	1,690	760	930	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hungarian	960	525	435	1.0	1.1	0.9
Acadian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,190	590	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jewish	705	315	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
Punjabi	1,725	935	790	1.7	1.9	1.5
Vietnamese	870	435	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	385	225	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Greek	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	795	370	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	685	295	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,340	615	725	1.3	1.2	1.4
Korean	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	550	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	65	65	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	615	305	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	675	345	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	1,140	570	565	1.1	1.2	1.1
Austrian	1,045	500	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belgian	1,300	635	660	1.3	1.3	1.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	335	195	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	2,115	1,055	1,060	2.1	2.1	2.1
Swiss	330	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	415	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	275	115	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	265	160	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	355	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	2,295	1,145	1,145	2.3	2.3	2.2
Colombian	205	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	375	165	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	150	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	1,225	555	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
Newfoundlander	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	790	365	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	265	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	140	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	370	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	325	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Congolese	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	425	225	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	710	325	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
African Canadian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	140	105	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	415	160	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ilocano	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	280	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Byelorussian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	345	130	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Burundian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	260	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vincentian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	450	240	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	225	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,540	49,490	51,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	665	280	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Christian	51,200	23,665	27,535	50.9	47.8	53.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,315	5,010	5,305	10.3	10.1	10.4
Anabaptist	1,310	585	725	1.3	1.2	1.4
Anglican	2,455	1,050	1,405	2.4	2.1	2.8
Baptist	930	410	520	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catholic	21,935	10,165	11,770	21.8	20.5	23.1
Christian Orthodox	1,675	800	875	1.7	1.6	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	360	145	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,415	1,060	1,355	2.4	2.1	2.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,085	965	1,115	2.1	1.9	2.2
Presbyterian	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	530	235	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Church	4,010	1,685	2,325	4.0	3.4	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,695	1,300	1,395	2.7	2.6	2.7
Hindu	1,425	775	650	1.4	1.6	1.3
Jewish	300	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	2,210	1,160	1,050	2.2	2.3	2.1
Sikh	4,185	2,160	2,020	4.2	4.4	4.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	320	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	630	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	39,610	20,910	18,700	39.4	42.3	36.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,270	48,820	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,980	42,390	43,595	86.6	86.8	86.4
Movers	13,290	6,435	6,860	13.4	13.2	13.6
Non-migrants	10,880	5,150	5,730	11.0	10.5	11.4
Migrants	2,410	1,285	1,125	2.4	2.6	2.2
Internal migrants	1,575	830	750	1.6	1.7	1.5
Intraprovincial migrants	670	340	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Interprovincial migrants	905	490	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
External migrants	830	455	375	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,235	46,405	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,265	27,895	28,370	59.7	60.1	59.3
Movers	37,970	18,510	19,460	40.3	39.9	40.7
Non-migrants	26,870	13,000	13,870	28.5	28.0	29.0
Migrants	11,100	5,510	5,590	11.8	11.9	11.7
Internal migrants	5,555	2,740	2,815	5.9	5.9	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,945	1,945	2,000	4.2	4.2	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,610	800	815	1.7	1.7	1.7
External migrants	5,540	2,770	2,775	5.9	6.0	5.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,625	39,855	41,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,345	8,175	7,175	18.8	20.5	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,275	31,675	34,595	81.2	79.5	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,985	27,095	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,555	3,855	2,695	11.9	14.2	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,425	23,240	25,195	88.1	85.8	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,625	39,850	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,830	7,240	6,590	16.9	18.2	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,800	13,910	13,890	34.1	34.9	33.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,990	18,695	21,295	49.0	46.9	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,800	11,825	11,975	29.2	29.7	28.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,820	4,280	1,545	7.1	10.7	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,660	1,595	1,065	3.3	4.0	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,160	2,685	475	3.9	6.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,745	6,635	9,110	19.3	16.6	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,235	910	1,325	2.7	2.3	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,190	6,875	9,315	19.8	17.3	22.3
Bachelor's degree	12,310	5,170	7,135	15.1	13.0	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,240	480	760	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	80	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,255	1,030	1,220	2.8	2.6	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,985	27,095	27,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,720	3,370	2,345	10.4	12.4	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,160	9,065	8,090	31.2	33.5	29.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,110	14,660	17,450	58.4	54.1	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,120	8,865	9,255	33.0	32.7	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,120	2,940	1,180	7.5	10.9	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,865	1,085	780	3.4	4.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255	1,855	400	4.1	6.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,315	5,240	7,075	22.4	19.3	25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,680	690	990	3.1	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,990	5,790	8,195	25.4	21.4	29.4
Bachelor's degree	10,620	4,390	6,230	19.3	16.2	22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,015	375	640	1.8	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	70	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,035	880	1,150	3.7	3.2	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,620	39,850	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,630	21,155	20,480	51.0	53.1	49.0
Education	2,695	620	2,075	3.3	1.6	5.0
13. Education	2,695	620	2,075	3.3	1.6	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,045	450	600	1.3	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	905	345	560	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	1,610	700	910	2.0	1.8	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	215	40	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635	270	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	170	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,900	1,175	2,725	4.8	2.9	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	245	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	75	840	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	610	145	470	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	635	180	455	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,155	500	650	1.4	1.3	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,035	3,470	5,565	11.1	8.7	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	140	460	0.7	0.4	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,420	3,335	5,090	10.3	8.4	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,140	520	620	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	230	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	155	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	205	125	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,215	1,445	770	2.7	3.6	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,960	1,360	600	2.4	3.4	1.4
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,575	7,695	875	10.5	19.3	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	190	140	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,655	1,290	365	2.0	3.2	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,975	1,685	290	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,965	1,895	70	2.4	4.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,715	1,665	50	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,075	1,020	55	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	565	260	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	155	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,865	1,305	5,560	8.4	3.3	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	200	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,430	1,080	5,345	7.9	2.7	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,335	1,065	1,270	2.9	2.7	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,445	325	1,120	1.8	0.8	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	325	135	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	400	20	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,980	27,095	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,875	12,435	10,440	41.6	45.9	37.4
Education	2,020	440	1,580	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	2,020	440	1,580	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	820	345	470	1.5	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	715	275	435	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	1,215	490	720	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	180	30	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	195	280	0.9	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	125	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,340	955	2,380	6.1	3.5	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	220	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	60	725	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	535	120	415	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	500	130	375	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	980	400	580	1.8	1.5	2.1
Business, management and public administration	7,310	2,765	4,540	13.3	10.2	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	110	390	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,790	2,655	4,135	12.3	9.8	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	405	540	1.7	1.5	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	180	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	185	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,950	1,295	655	3.5	4.8	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,750	1,225	530	3.2	4.5	1.9
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,525	5,830	695	11.9	21.5	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	175	130	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,510	1,180	330	2.7	4.4	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,475	1,275	200	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,430	1,380	55	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,235	1,205	30	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	700	655	40	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	195	255	0.8	0.7	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	110	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,740	1,135	4,605	10.4	4.2	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	145	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,395	970	4,425	9.8	3.6	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,795	805	990	3.3	3.0	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	255	870	2.1	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	270	105	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	270	15	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,980	27,095	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,875	12,435	10,440	41.6	45.9	37.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,110	14,655	17,450	58.4	54.1	62.6
Location of study inside Canada	24,130	10,860	13,265	43.9	40.1	47.6
Same as province or territory of residence	22,130	9,865	12,265	40.3	36.4	44.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,000	995	1,000	3.6	3.7	3.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,980	3,795	4,185	14.5	14.0	15.0
Americas	790	375	415	1.4	1.4	1.5
United States of America	370	180	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	860	435	425	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	335	165	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,060	560	495	1.9	2.1	1.8
Nigeria	660	335	320	1.2	1.2	1.1
Algeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	320	185	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
Asia	5,220	2,385	2,835	9.5	8.8	10.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,940	1,275	1,660	5.3	4.7	6.0
Viet Nam	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,695	810	885	3.1	3.0	3.2
Pakistan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,625	39,850	41,770	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,215	28,590	26,620	...	...	...
Employed	50,440	26,215	24,225	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,775	2,380	2,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,410	11,255	15,155	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.6	71.7	63.7	67.6	71.7	63.7
Employment rate	61.8	65.8	58.0	61.8	65.8	58.0
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.3	9.0	8.6	8.3	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,620	39,850	41,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,255	11,660	15,595	33.4	29.3	37.3
Worked	54,370	28,190	26,180	66.6	70.7	62.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,130	17,430	13,705	38.1	43.7	32.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,235	10,765	12,475	28.5	27.0	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.5	41.5	42.5	43.5	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,215	28,595	26,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	535	735	2.3	1.9	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,950	28,060	25,885	97.7	98.1	97.2
Employee	49,520	25,290	24,225	89.7	88.4	91.0
Permanent position	43,060	22,355	20,705	78.0	78.2	77.8
Temporary position	6,465	2,940	3,520	11.7	10.3	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,970	775	1,190	3.6	2.7	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,500	2,165	2,330	8.1	7.6	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,430	2,770	1,660	8.0	9.7	6.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,215	28,595	26,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	535	735	2.3	1.9	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,950	28,060	25,885	97.7	98.1	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	320	185	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,020	3,040	6,975	18.1	10.6	26.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,435	2,590	845	6.2	9.1	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,445	965	3,475	8.1	3.4	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,095	1,795	4,295	11.0	6.3	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,070	530	540	1.9	1.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,650	5,750	7,905	24.7	20.1	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,210	10,510	705	20.3	36.8	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	450	170	1.1	1.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,085	2,240	845	5.6	7.8	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,215	28,595	26,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	535	735	2.3	1.9	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	53,950	28,060	25,885	97.7	98.1	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	335	180	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	120	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	550	375	175	1.0	1.3	0.7
23 Construction	4,705	4,265	445	8.5	14.9	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,720	4,235	1,490	10.4	14.8	5.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,580	1,210	370	2.9	4.2	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,135	2,800	3,340	11.1	9.8	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,370	3,490	880	7.9	12.2	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	705	480	230	1.3	1.7	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,335	705	1,630	4.2	2.5	6.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	315	310	1.1	1.1	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,440	1,230	1,205	4.4	4.3	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	130	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,670	1,390	1,280	4.8	4.9	4.8
61 Educational services	3,325	935	2,390	6.0	3.3	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,815	1,690	6,130	14.2	5.9	23.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	500	460	1.7	1.7	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,965	1,185	1,775	5.4	4.1	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,390	1,060	1,335	4.3	3.7	5.0
91 Public administration	4,050	1,855	2,195	7.3	6.5	8.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,970	29,975	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,845	28,555	26,290	94.6	95.3	93.9
French	180	40	135	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	245	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	955	355	600	1.6	1.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	865	815	2.9	2.9	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,970	29,975	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,530	29,745	27,790	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	57,000	29,475	27,525	98.3	98.3	98.3
English	56,620	29,385	27,235	97.7	98.0	97.3
French	375	90	285	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	525	265	265	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	525	265	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	315	175	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	125	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	180	125	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	120	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	440	235	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	290	180	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,970	29,975	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,705	28,960	26,740	96.1	96.6	95.5
English	460	165	295	0.8	0.6	1.1
French	620	255	370	1.1	0.9	1.3
Non-official language	1,015	505	505	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	990	505	485	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,440	26,215	24,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,965	3,380	4,585	15.8	12.9	18.9
Worked outside Canada	75	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,645	5,250	1,390	13.2	20.0	5.7
Usual place of work	35,755	17,510	18,245	70.9	66.8	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,755	17,510	18,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,390	15,340	17,050	90.6	87.6	93.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	125	80	50	0.3	0.5	0.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,115	2,020	1,095	8.7	11.5	6.0
Commute to a different province or territory	125	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,395	22,765	19,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,370	20,260	16,110	85.8	89.0	82.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,595	18,975	13,615	76.9	83.4	69.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,775	1,280	2,500	8.9	5.6	12.7
Public transit	3,510	1,285	2,225	8.3	5.6	11.3
Walked	1,395	595	805	3.3	2.6	4.1
Bicycle	360	290	70	0.8	1.3	0.4
Other method	760	340	420	1.8	1.5	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,395	22,765	19,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,550	5,635	5,915	27.2	24.8	30.1
15 to 29 minutes	17,360	9,210	8,150	40.9	40.5	41.5
30 to 44 minutes	9,835	5,755	4,080	23.2	25.3	20.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,005	1,160	840	4.7	5.1	4.3
60 minutes and over	1,650	1,000	645	3.9	4.4	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,395	22,765	19,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,310	1,635	680	5.4	7.2	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,395	5,455	2,940	19.8	24.0	15.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,940	6,300	5,635	28.2	27.7	28.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,435	3,100	4,340	17.5	13.6	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,370	1,875	2,490	10.3	8.2	12.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,950	4,400	3,550	18.8	19.3	18.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,700	11,645	11,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,680	1,345	1,335	11.8	11.6	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,020	10,300	9,720	88.2	88.4	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,085	8,330	7,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	12.8	12.5	13.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,335	660	685	8.3	7.9	8.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	725	385	340	4.5	4.6	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,025	7,285	6,735	87.2	87.5	86.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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