Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Portage--LisgarMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	100,417	...
Population, 2016¹	97,354	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	3.1
Total private dwellings²	37,474	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,428	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.0	8.0
Land area in square kilometres	12,559.18	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,420	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,060	23.0
0 to 4 years	7,280	7.2
5 to 9 years	8,000	8.0
10 to 14 years	7,785	7.8
15 to 64 years	61,430	61.2
15 to 19 years	7,025	7.0
20 to 24 years	6,150	6.1
25 to 29 years	6,005	6.0
30 to 34 years	6,385	6.4
35 to 39 years	6,400	6.4
40 to 44 years	5,870	5.8
45 to 49 years	5,635	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,605	5.6
55 to 59 years	6,175	6.1
60 to 64 years	6,180	6.2
65 years and over	15,925	15.9
65 to 69 years	5,020	5.0
70 to 74 years	4,010	4.0
75 to 79 years	2,825	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,995	2.0
85 years and over	2,070	2.1
85 to 89 years	1,160	1.2
90 to 94 years	670	0.7
95 to 99 years	210	0.2
100 years and over	30	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	23.0
15 to 64 years	61.2	61.2
65 years and over	15.9	15.9
85 years and over	2.1	2.1
Average age of the population	37.8	37.8
Median age of the population	36.0	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,430	100.0
Single-detached house	27,910	78.8
Semi-detached house	1,325	3.7
Row house	1,810	5.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	145	0.4
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,515	7.1
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	635	1.8
Other single-attached house	40	0.1
Movable dwelling⁴	1,045	2.9
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,425	100.0
1 person	8,680	24.5
2 persons	12,500	35.3
3 persons	4,610	13.0
4 persons	4,895	13.8
5 or more persons	4,745	13.4
Number of persons in private households	94,580	100.0
Average household size	2.7	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	77,355	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,010	63.4
Married	44,225	57.2
Living common-law	4,780	6.2
Living common law - Never married	3,415	4.4
Living common law - Separated	245	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	995	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	120	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	28,350	36.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,095	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,470	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,770	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,010	5.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,190	100.0
2 persons	12,680	48.4
3 persons	4,505	17.2
4 persons	4,775	18.2
5 or more persons	4,235	16.2
Average size of census families	3.1	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	2.2
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,195	100.0
Total couple families	23,220	88.6
Married couples	20,835	79.5
With children⁶	11,140	42.5
Without children	9,690	37.0
Common-law couples	2,395	9.1
With children⁶	1,045	4.0
Without children	1,345	5.1
Total one-parent families	2,970	11.3
in which the parent is a woman+	2,245	8.6
in which the parent is a man+	720	2.7
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,580	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	82,250	87.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,445	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,970	3.1
Children⁶	32,830	34.7
In a two-parent family	27,675	29.3
In a one-parent family	5,160	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,330	13.0
Living alone	8,680	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,735	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,915	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,430	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,410	68.9
Couple-family households	22,040	62.2
With children⁶	11,555	32.6
Without children	10,480	29.6
One-parent-family households	2,375	6.7
Multigenerational households⁸	475	1.3
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	2.3
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	955	2.7
One-person households	8,675	24.5
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,015	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,705	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,805	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,345	88.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,475	73.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,075	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,555	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,805	17.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,095	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,775	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	47,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,860	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,640	88.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	42,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,485	73.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	42,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,180	86.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,470	9,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,730	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,900	5,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,865	17.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,730	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,095	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,940	36.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,650	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,155	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,900	24,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.9	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	3.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,020	100.0
Without total income	2,315	3.2
With total income	70,700	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,570	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,985	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	11,305	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,750	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,185	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,095	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,045	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,460	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	2.8
$100,000 and over	4,675	6.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,340	4.7
$150,000 and over	1,335	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,020	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,210	3.0
With after-tax income	70,810	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,955	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,810	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,215	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,015	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,220	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,320	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,930	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	990	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,905	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	990	1.4
$125,000 and over	915	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,020	100.0
Without employment income	19,545	26.8
With employment income	53,475	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,635	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,185	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,950	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,065	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,265	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,005	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,590	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,345	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,380	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	2.8
$100,000 and over	3,470	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,825	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,640	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,015	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,470	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,490	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,915	86.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,045	72.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,580	80.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	3,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,450	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,095	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,460	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	45,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,480	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	37,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,035	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	42,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,120	72.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	42,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,980	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	7,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,560	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,095	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,820	36.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,650	57,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,680	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	29,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	86.2
Employment income (%)	71.6	71.6
Government transfers (%)	13.8	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,430	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	78,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	69,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,675	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	39,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,750	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,425	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	94,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,600	78,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,665	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,840	46,840
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,000	39,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,765	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	109,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	91,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,430	100.0
Under $5,000	300	0.8
$5,000 to $9,999	200	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	445	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	455	1.3
$20,000 to $24,999	1,385	3.9
$25,000 to $29,999	1,200	3.4
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	3.3
$35,000 to $39,999	1,380	3.9
$40,000 to $44,999	1,490	4.2
$45,000 to $49,999	1,420	4.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,935	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,765	7.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	7.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	6.8
$100,000 and over	12,360	34.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,370	12.3
$125,000 to $149,999	2,840	8.0
$150,000 to $199,999	3,085	8.7
$200,000 and over	2,065	5.8
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,430	100.0
Under $5,000	390	1.1
$5,000 to $9,999	200	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	460	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	525	1.5
$20,000 to $24,999	1,495	4.2
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	4.0
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	4.1
$35,000 to $39,999	1,685	4.8
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	5.0
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	4.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,530	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	9.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285	9.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	8.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	6.5
$100,000 and over	8,865	25.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,935	11.1
$125,000 to $149,999	2,300	6.5
$150,000 and over	2,630	7.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,150	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,590	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,240	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	96,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	4.4
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,750	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	60,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	56,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,595	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,245	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,500	109,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	90,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,710	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	98,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	80,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,240	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	129,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	107,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,765	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	70,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	62,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,485	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	45,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	37,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,580	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,605	27.1
0 to 5 years	8,225	8.7
18 to 64 years	54,465	57.6
65 years and over	14,510	15.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,075	...
0 to 17 years	4,475	...
0 to 5 years	1,705	...
18 to 64 years	6,025	...
65 years and over	2,580	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	17.5	17.5
0 to 5 years (%)	20.7	20.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	11.1
65 years and over (%)	17.8	17.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,915	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,895	26.8
0 to 5 years	7,990	8.6
18 to 64 years	53,590	57.7
65 years and over	14,425	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,635	...
0 to 17 years	610	...
0 to 5 years	205	...
18 to 64 years	1,795	...
65 years and over	235	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,575	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,765	63.2
In bottom decile	10,225	10.8
In second decile	14,620	15.5
In third decile	12,895	13.6
In fourth decile	11,575	12.2
In fifth decile	10,450	11.0
In top half of the distribution	34,815	36.8
In sixth decile	9,065	9.6
In seventh decile	8,295	8.8
In eighth decile	6,950	7.3
In ninth decile	6,090	6.4
In top decile	4,415	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,580	94,580
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	0.420
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	0.274
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,395	100.0
English only	91,265	91.8
French only	45	0.0
English and French	6,665	6.7
Neither English nor French	1,430	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,395	100.0
English	95,050	95.6
French	2,795	2.8
English and French	140	0.1
Neither English nor French	1,410	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,395	100.0
Single responses	96,760	97.3
Official languages	70,685	71.1
English	67,770	68.2
French	2,915	2.9
Non-official languages	26,075	26.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	335	0.3
Algonquian languages	315	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	25	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	295	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0.0
Ojibway languages	280	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	250	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	5	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	10	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,740	25.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	0.3
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	5	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	0.1
Bilen	40	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	10	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	0.2
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	200	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,360	1.4
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Cebuano	40	0.0
Fijian	15	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	35	0.0
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,195	1.2
Waray-Waray	10	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	5	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	100	0.1
Tamil	20	0.0
Telugu	15	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,465	23.6
Albanian	10	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,955	2.0
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	5	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,950	2.0
Belarusian	5	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0.0
Czech	20	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	95	0.1
Russian	1,480	1.5
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0.0
Bosnian	10	0.0
Croatian	15	0.0
Serbian	10	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	310	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	19,875	20.0
Frisian	10	0.0
High German languages	11,610	11.7
German	11,590	11.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	8,040	8.1
Afrikaans	80	0.1
Dutch	265	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	1,335	1.3
Low Saxon	125	0.1
Plautdietsch	6,180	6.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	0.0
Danish	10	0.0
Icelandic	10	0.0
Norwegian	5	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	185	0.2
Greek	20	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	875	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	820	0.8
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	55	0.1
Gujarati	145	0.1
Hindi	85	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	10	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	0.5
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0.0
Urdu	50	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	20	0.0
Persian languages	20	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	0.7
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	35	0.0
Portuguese	145	0.1
Romanian	20	0.0
Spanish	530	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	75	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	5	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	5	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	25	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0
American Sign Language	25	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	0.2
Chinese languages	150	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	90	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	20	0.0
Thai	15	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0
Hungarian	20	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,640	2.7
English and French	525	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,800	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,395	100.0
English	75,910	76.4
French	735	0.7
Non-official language	7,510	7.6
Indigenous³⁹	25	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,485	7.5
English and French	1,450	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	12,695	12.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	910	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,395	100.0
Single responses	96,900	97.5
Official languages	83,370	83.9
English	82,310	82.8
French	1,060	1.1
Non-official languages	13,530	13.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	5	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,475	13.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	0.2
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	5	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	0.0
Bilen	35	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	5	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	0.2
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	155	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	915	0.9
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Cebuano	25	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0.0
Ilocano	15	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	835	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	0.1
Kannada	5	0.0
Malayalam	75	0.1
Tamil	10	0.0
Telugu	15	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,975	12.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,150	1.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	35	0.0
Russian	960	1.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	9,635	9.7
Frisian	5	0.0
High German languages	6,930	7.0
German	6,930	7.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,520	2.5
Afrikaans	40	0.0
Dutch	50	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	590	0.6
Low Saxon	30	0.0
Plautdietsch	1,805	1.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	180	0.2
Greek	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	715	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	675	0.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	50	0.1
Gujarati	120	0.1
Hindi	45	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	390	0.4
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	50	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	10	0.0
Persian languages	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	450	0.5
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	85	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	355	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	60	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	40	0.0
American Sign Language	35	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	0.1
Chinese languages	85	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	60	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0.0
Lao	10	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,500	2.5
English and French	230	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,200	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,395	100.0
None	86,315	86.8
English	4,655	4.7
French	945	1.0
Non-official language	6,100	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	185	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,915	6.0
English and French	20	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	785	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	90	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	475	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,550	100.0
Official languages	93,415	98.8
English	93,385	98.8
French	6,895	7.3
Non-official languages	26,520	28.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	0.6
Algonquian languages	535	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	55	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	485	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	0.0
Ojibway languages	450	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	40	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	40	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	380	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	55	0.1
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,960	27.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	0.5
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0.0
Hausa	15	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	0.1
Bilen	80	0.1
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	425	0.4
Amharic	55	0.1
Arabic	280	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	70	0.1
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,870	2.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Cebuano	95	0.1
Fijian	20	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	95	0.1
Indonesian	20	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,765	1.9
Waray-Waray	45	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	0.2
Kannada	15	0.0
Malayalam	130	0.1
Tamil	10	0.0
Telugu	20	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,925	24.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,875	3.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,875	3.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	20	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	95	0.1
Russian	2,520	2.7
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	0.0
Bosnian	25	0.0
Croatian	40	0.0
Serbian	25	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	30	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	510	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0.0
Irish	10	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	19,130	20.2
Frisian	20	0.0
High German languages	10,640	11.3
German	10,615	11.2
Pennsylvania German	10	0.0
Swiss German	30	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	9,740	10.3
Afrikaans	115	0.1
Dutch	470	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	1,345	1.4
Low Saxon	70	0.1
Plautdietsch	7,840	8.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	25	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Greek	55	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	1.2
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	35	0.0
Gujarati	190	0.2
Hindi	560	0.6
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	15	0.0
Nepali	15	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	660	0.7
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	160	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	30	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,930	2.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	95	0.1
Portuguese	225	0.2
Romanian	25	0.0
Spanish	1,650	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	35	0.0
Korean	85	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	240	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	70	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0.0
Lingala	25	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	40	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	45	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	170	0.2
American Sign Language	150	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	0.1
Chinese languages	105	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	65	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	20	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	20	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	35	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,550	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,835	11.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,650	11.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,945	5.2
Métis	5,670	6.0
Inuk (Inuit)	40	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	130	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	83,710	88.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,550	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,525	4.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,025	95.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,425	100.0
Owner	27,570	77.8
Renter	7,415	20.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	445	1.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,425	100.0
Condominium	2,425	6.8
Not condominium	33,005	93.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,425	100.0
No bedrooms	155	0.4
1 bedroom	2,675	7.6
2 bedrooms	7,760	21.9
3 bedrooms	11,855	33.5
4 or more bedrooms	12,990	36.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,425	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	6,785	19.2
5 rooms	4,945	14.0
6 rooms	5,265	14.9
7 rooms	4,830	13.6
8 or more rooms	13,595	38.4
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	6.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,425	100.0
One person or fewer per room	34,595	97.7
More than one person per room	835	2.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,425	100.0
Suitable	33,980	95.9
Not suitable	1,445	4.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,425	100.0
1960 or before	7,780	22.0
1961 to 1980	10,010	28.3
1981 to 1990	3,930	11.1
1991 to 2000	3,790	10.7
2001 to 2005	1,815	5.1
2006 to 2010	2,735	7.7
2011 to 2015	2,795	7.9
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,575	7.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,425	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,340	94.1
Major repairs needed	2,090	5.9
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,425	100.0
One-maintainer household	17,760	50.1
Two-maintainer household	16,695	47.1
Three-or-more-maintainer household	975	2.8
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,425	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,350	3.8
25 to 34 years	5,455	15.4
35 to 44 years	6,125	17.3
45 to 54 years	6,140	17.3
55 to 64 years	6,740	19.0
65 to 74 years	5,325	15.0
75 to 84 years	2,915	8.2
85 years and over	1,380	3.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	33,225	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,525	85.9
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,695	14.1
30% to less than 100%	4,340	13.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,425	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,740	21.8
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,355	12.3
Not suitable only	1,210	3.4
Major repairs needed only	1,690	4.8
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	0.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	0.7
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	0.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	27,685	78.2
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,865	100.0
In core need	1,940	5.9
Not in core need	30,920	94.1
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,985	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.0	61.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	9.9
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	3.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,117	1,117
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	296,000	296,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	314,400	314,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,320	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.8	17.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	29.1
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	15.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	920
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	932	932
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	445	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.5	4.5
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	21	21
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	170	170
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,550	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,560	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,460	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,940	4.2
Métis single ancestry	1,505	1.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,530	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,345	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,355	3.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	190	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	83,460	88.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,550	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,020	93.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,320	25.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,700	67.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,525	6.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,550	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	79,710	84.3
Immigrants⁸¹	14,140	15.0
Before 1980	2,065	2.2
1980 to 1990	825	0.9
1991 to 2000	970	1.0
2001 to 2010	4,935	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,345	5.7
2011 to 2015	2,045	2.2
2016 to 2021	3,300	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	695	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,145	100.0
Under 5 years	2,005	14.2
5 to 14 years	3,920	27.7
15 to 24 years	2,425	17.1
25 to 44 years	4,955	35.0
45 years and over	835	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,145	100.0
Americas	5,270	37.3
Brazil	80	0.6
Colombia	15	0.1
El Salvador	35	0.2
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0.1
Mexico	3,680	26.0
Peru	15	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0.2
United States of America	465	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	935	6.6
Europe	4,315	30.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	0.2
Croatia	0	0.0
France	65	0.5
Germany	1,925	13.6
Greece	30	0.2
Hungary	20	0.1
Italy	30	0.2
Netherlands	265	1.9
Poland	45	0.3
Portugal	20	0.1
Romania	25	0.2
Russian Federation	785	5.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	395	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	420	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	245	1.7
Africa	525	3.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0.2
Egypt	45	0.3
Eritrea	75	0.5
Ethiopia	40	0.3
Morocco	15	0.1
Nigeria	130	0.9
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	90	0.6
Asia	3,970	28.1
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	0.1
Iraq	30	0.2
Lebanon	30	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	95	0.7
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	0.5
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	1,610	11.4
Viet Nam	25	0.2
Bangladesh	25	0.2
India	630	4.5
Pakistan	105	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,245	8.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,305	100.0
Americas	615	18.6
Brazil	70	2.1
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	305	9.2
United States of America	60	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	170	5.1
Europe	645	19.5
France	0	0.0
Germany	190	5.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	2.9
Ukraine	225	6.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	120	3.6
Africa	215	6.5
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	10	0.3
Eritrea	40	1.2
Ethiopia	15	0.5
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	80	2.4
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	1.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0.0
Asia	1,815	54.9
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	335	10.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	10	0.3
Israel	25	0.8
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	1.4
Lebanon	30	0.9
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	30	0.9
Philippines	1,015	30.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	2.6
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	200	6.1
Oceania and other⁹³	20	0.6
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,550	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,605	17.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,100	17.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	61,840	65.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,075	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,120	67.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,475	20.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,640	46.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,865	23.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	625	5.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	465	3.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,075	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	175	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,455	12.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	335	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	260	2.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	290	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,565	79.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,550	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,905	6.2
South Asian	1,425	1.5
Chinese	205	0.2
Black	750	0.8
Filipino	2,040	2.2
Arab	260	0.3
Latin American	605	0.6
Southeast Asian	130	0.1
West Asian	50	0.1
Korean	115	0.1
Japanese	70	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,645	93.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,550	100.0
Canadian	12,285	13.0
English	14,000	14.8
Irish	9,265	9.8
Scottish	12,520	13.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,205	8.7
German	18,700	19.8
Chinese	285	0.3
Italian	780	0.8
Indian (India)	765	0.8
Ukrainian	7,165	7.6
Dutch	5,385	5.7
Polish	3,050	3.2
Québécois	65	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,585	1.7
Filipino	1,950	2.1
French Canadian	775	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,120	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,985	2.1
Métis	5,155	5.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,765	1.9
Russian	10,115	10.7
Norwegian	1,265	1.3
Welsh	980	1.0
Portuguese	230	0.2
American	755	0.8
Spanish	540	0.6
Swedish	1,045	1.1
Hungarian	360	0.4
Acadian	65	0.1
Pakistani	95	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	155	0.2
Jewish	220	0.2
Punjabi	295	0.3
Vietnamese	30	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	0.1
Greek	165	0.2
Jamaican	50	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	920	1.0
Korean	125	0.1
Romanian	220	0.2
Lebanese	55	0.1
Iranian	0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,285	1.4
Danish	520	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	0.7
Sikh	65	0.1
Austrian	650	0.7
Belgian	2,480	2.6
Haitian	15	0.0
Hindu	175	0.2
Mexican	3,730	3.9
Mennonite	15,330	16.2
Swiss	765	0.8
Finnish	160	0.2
Sri Lankan	15	0.0
Croatian	95	0.1
Japanese	140	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	0.2
Muslim	60	0.1
Egyptian	40	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	140	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	1,345	1.4
Colombian	10	0.0
Moroccan	20	0.0
Czech	250	0.3
Syrian	105	0.1
Guyanese	10	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0.0
Serbian	35	0.0
Ojibway	2,055	2.2
Newfoundlander	50	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	50	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	0.0
Turkish	50	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	0	0.0
Brazilian	65	0.1
Nigerian	60	0.1
Armenian	25	0.0
Slovak	125	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	0.3
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0.0
Salvadorean	65	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0
Algonquin	30	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0.0
South African	85	0.1
Australian	10	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	0	0.0
Congolese	0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0.0
Ethiopian	75	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.0
Peruvian	20	0.0
Yoruba	15	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0.0
Eritrean	80	0.1
African Canadian	0	0.0
Israeli	45	0.0
Mohawk	15	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0.0
African American	45	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	0.0
Cuban	10	0.0
Bosnian	15	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	50	0.1
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0.0
Laotian	45	0.0
Ilocano	70	0.1
Northern Irish	40	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	15	0.0
Jatt	60	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	0.1
Coptic	15	0.0
Thai	30	0.0
Dominican	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	75	0.1
Byelorussian	35	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0.0
New Zealander	15	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	55	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	0.1
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	10	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	105	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	260	0.3
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	95	0.1
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	945	1.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	30	0.0
Grenadian	25	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	35	0.0
Honduran	10	0.0
Cherokee	25	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	145	0.2
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	20	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	375	0.4
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,550	100.0
Buddhist	65	0.1
Christian	67,110	71.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	27,105	28.7
Anabaptist	9,875	10.4
Anglican	1,655	1.8
Baptist	1,875	2.0
Catholic	11,135	11.8
Christian Orthodox	625	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	160	0.2
Latter Day Saints	50	0.1
Lutheran	1,620	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,445	1.5
Presbyterian	345	0.4
Reformed	670	0.7
United Church	6,175	6.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,235	4.5
Hindu	355	0.4
Jewish	90	0.1
Muslim	590	0.6
Sikh	530	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	430	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	390	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	24,985	26.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,175	100.0
Non-movers	82,040	88.0
Movers	11,135	12.0
Non-migrants	5,715	6.1
Migrants	5,425	5.8
Internal migrants	4,935	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	4,130	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	810	0.9
External migrants	485	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	87,870	100.0
Non-movers	55,085	62.7
Movers	32,785	37.3
Non-migrants	10,615	12.1
Migrants	22,170	25.2
Internal migrants	18,750	21.3
Intraprovincial migrants	16,320	18.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,430	2.8
External migrants	3,420	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,095	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,730	28.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,370	71.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,150	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,450	20.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,700	79.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,095	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,940	25.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,705	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,450	41.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,790	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,185	7.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,335	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,855	3.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,050	16.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,550	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,660	14.6
Bachelor's degree	7,900	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	0.4
Master's degree	1,425	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,155	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,545	18.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,910	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,700	49.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,095	30.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,585	7.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,555	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,035	4.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,880	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,620	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,605	18.6
Bachelor's degree	6,360	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	720	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	0.5
Master's degree	1,200	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,095	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,645	58.3
Education	3,250	4.4
13. Education	3,250	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	435	0.6
Humanities	1,550	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	135	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	640	0.9
54. History	220	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,165	3.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	260	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0.1
42. Psychology	360	0.5
45. Social sciences	585	0.8
Business, management and public administration	5,360	7.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,755	6.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	640	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	640	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	530	0.7
25. Library science	40	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,995	8.2
04. Architecture and related services	90	0.1
14. Engineering	685	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,210	1.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,550	2.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,810	2.5
48. Precision production	660	0.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,540	3.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,410	3.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	0.2
Health and related fields	5,955	8.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,640	7.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,845	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,150	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,450	50.8
Education	2,190	4.7
13. Education	2,190	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	330	0.7
Humanities	1,070	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	90	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	0.9
54. History	155	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,800	3.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	230	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0.1
42. Psychology	285	0.6
45. Social sciences	465	1.0
Business, management and public administration	4,275	9.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,815	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	505	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0.1
40. Physical sciences	65	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	510	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	445	1.0
25. Library science	30	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,400	9.5
04. Architecture and related services	85	0.2
14. Engineering	595	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	890	1.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,115	2.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,225	2.7
48. Precision production	490	1.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,875	4.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,760	3.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	0.2
Health and related fields	4,315	9.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,065	8.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,390	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	855	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,150	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,450	50.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,700	49.2
Location of study inside Canada	19,035	41.2
Same as province or territory of residence	16,735	36.3
Different than province or territory of residence	2,300	5.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,670	8.0
Americas	610	1.3
United States of America	465	1.0
Mexico	35	0.1
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	40	0.1
Colombia	0	0.0
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	0.1
Europe	1,225	2.7
Belgium	0	0.0
France	30	0.1
Germany	560	1.2
Netherlands	80	0.2
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	15	0.0
Russian Federation	105	0.2
Ukraine	220	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	0.2
Africa	175	0.4
Nigeria	65	0.1
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	25	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	50	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	35	0.1
Asia	1,615	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	30	0.1
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0.0
Philippines	860	1.9
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	375	0.8
Pakistan	65	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	205	0.4
Oceania	45	0.1
Australia	25	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,095	...
In the labour force	48,265	...
Employed	45,630	...
Unemployed	2,640	...
Not in the labour force	24,830	...
Participation rate	66.0	66.0
Employment rate	62.4	62.4
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,095	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,205	33.1
Worked	48,890	66.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,645	37.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,245	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,265	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,580	98.6
Employee	39,200	81.2
Permanent position	33,275	68.9
Temporary position	5,925	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	3.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,495	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,375	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,265	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,580	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	515	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,475	13.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,900	3.9
3 Health occupations	3,815	7.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,660	11.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	9,940	20.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,160	21.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,480	9.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,905	8.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,265	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	47,580	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,420	11.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	0.2
22 Utilities	250	0.5
23 Construction	4,270	8.8
31-33 Manufacturing	6,500	13.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,680	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	4,650	9.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,350	4.9
51 Information and cultural industries	405	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,175	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	380	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,550	3.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,350	2.8
61 Educational services	3,785	7.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,570	13.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	565	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,140	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,210	4.6
91 Public administration	2,180	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,180	100.0
English	48,840	93.6
French	315	0.6
Non-official language	300	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	290	0.6
English and French	960	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,730	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,180	100.0
Single responses	51,775	99.2
Official languages	51,215	98.2
English	50,690	97.1
French	525	1.0
Non-official languages	560	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	535	1.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	60	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	0.8
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	260	0.5
German	260	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	10	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	0.8
English and French	150	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	245	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,180	100.0
None	49,810	95.5
English	445	0.9
French	605	1.2
Non-official language	1,205	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,175	2.3
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,625	100.0
Worked at home	6,245	13.7
Worked outside Canada	140	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,015	13.2
Usual place of work	33,225	72.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,225	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,000	48.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,575	31.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,540	19.7
Commute to a different province or territory	100	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,240	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,170	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,565	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,605	6.6
Public transit	115	0.3
Walked	2,030	5.2
Bicycle	475	1.2
Other method	450	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,240	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,420	54.6
15 to 29 minutes	10,295	26.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,365	11.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,550	4.0
60 minutes and over	1,615	4.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,240	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,100	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,975	20.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,255	31.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,085	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,070	7.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,750	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,105	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,945	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,160	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,855	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,450	7.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	715	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	730	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,405	92.3

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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