Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg CentreMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,499	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,949	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,527	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,877	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,092.4	...	...	3,092.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	28.30	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,500	44,555	42,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,795	7,050	6,745	15.8	15.8	15.7
0 to 4 years	4,910	2,500	2,410	5.6	5.6	5.6
5 to 9 years	4,520	2,315	2,205	5.2	5.2	5.1
10 to 14 years	4,360	2,235	2,125	5.0	5.0	4.9
15 to 64 years	62,525	32,480	30,050	71.5	72.9	70.0
15 to 19 years	4,545	2,345	2,205	5.2	5.3	5.1
20 to 24 years	7,300	3,740	3,560	8.3	8.4	8.3
25 to 29 years	8,145	4,090	4,065	9.3	9.2	9.5
30 to 34 years	8,055	4,100	3,955	9.2	9.2	9.2
35 to 39 years	7,045	3,680	3,365	8.1	8.3	7.8
40 to 44 years	6,180	3,195	2,985	7.1	7.2	7.0
45 to 49 years	5,340	2,795	2,545	6.1	6.3	5.9
50 to 54 years	5,245	2,715	2,530	6.0	6.1	5.9
55 to 59 years	5,620	3,075	2,545	6.4	6.9	5.9
60 to 64 years	5,045	2,745	2,300	5.8	6.2	5.4
65 years and over	11,180	5,030	6,155	12.8	11.3	14.3
65 to 69 years	3,825	1,925	1,900	4.4	4.3	4.4
70 to 74 years	3,130	1,505	1,620	3.6	3.4	3.8
75 to 79 years	1,840	810	1,030	2.1	1.8	2.4
80 to 84 years	1,125	415	715	1.3	0.9	1.7
85 years and over	1,255	370	885	1.4	0.8	2.1
85 to 89 years	710	235	470	0.8	0.5	1.1
90 to 94 years	405	105	300	0.5	0.2	0.7
95 to 99 years	115	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	15.8	15.7	15.8	15.8	15.7
15 to 64 years	71.5	72.9	70.0	71.5	72.9	70.0
65 years and over	12.8	11.3	14.3	12.8	11.3	14.3
85 years and over	1.4	0.8	2.1	1.4	0.8	2.1
Average age of the population	38.4	37.9	38.8	38.4	37.9	38.8
Median age of the population	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,595	...	...	40.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	450	...	...	1.2	...	...
Row house	320	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,690	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,315	...	...	24.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,450	...	...	29.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,400	...	...	42.2	...	...
2 persons	10,990	...	...	28.3	...	...
3 persons	4,930	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	3,550	...	...	9.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,000	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	84,660	42,685	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,705	37,500	36,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	31,265	15,675	15,590	42.4	41.8	43.1
Married	23,485	11,805	11,675	31.9	31.5	32.3
Living common-law	7,780	3,870	3,910	10.6	10.3	10.8
Living common law - Never married	6,365	3,165	3,200	8.6	8.4	8.8
Living common law - Separated	280	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,030	515	520	1.4	1.4	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	42,440	21,830	20,610	57.6	58.2	56.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,835	17,695	14,140	43.2	47.2	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,185	1,030	1,150	3.0	2.7	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,205	2,380	2,830	7.1	6.3	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,210	730	2,490	4.4	1.9	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,425	...	...	51.8	...	...
3 persons	4,385	...	...	21.8	...	...
4 persons	3,265	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,060	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,920	...	...	74.1	...	...
Married couples	11,025	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,390	...	...	31.7	...	...
Without children	4,640	...	...	23.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,890	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,235	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	2,660	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,215	...	...	25.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,150	...	...	20.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,060	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	84,655	42,685	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,505	28,445	30,060	69.1	66.6	71.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,830	14,865	14,965	35.2	34.8	35.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,215	1,060	4,155	6.2	2.5	9.9
Children⁶	23,455	12,520	10,935	27.7	29.3	26.1
In a two-parent family	14,890	7,910	6,975	17.6	18.5	16.6
In a one-parent family	8,570	4,610	3,960	10.1	10.8	9.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,150	14,240	11,915	30.9	33.4	28.4
Living alone	16,405	8,865	7,535	19.4	20.8	18.0
Living with other relatives⁷	3,595	1,685	1,910	4.2	3.9	4.6
Living with non-relatives only	6,160	3,690	2,465	7.3	8.6	5.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,970	...	...	43.7	...	...
Couple-family households	12,985	...	...	33.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,590	...	...	17.0	...	...
Without children	6,390	...	...	16.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,985	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	875	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,395	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,040	...	...	7.8	...	...
One-person households	16,400	...	...	42.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	70,940	35,685	35,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,460	34,400	34,060	96.5	96.4	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	34,800	32,400	33,600	34,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,480	34,410	34,070	96.5	96.4	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	31,400	29,600	30,400	31,400	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,525	29,025	27,500	79.7	81.3	78.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,000	25,000	28,400	32,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,310	25,865	23,450	69.5	72.5	66.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	33,200	27,000	30,400	33,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,075	32,470	32,605	91.7	91.0	92.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,360	10,200	8,500	6,360	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,520	4,900	4,615	13.4	13.7	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,480	5,280	5,440	5,480	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,600	11,885	11,715	33.3	33.3	33.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,400	9,000	8,500	8,400	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	70,885	35,605	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,570	34,455	34,120	96.7	96.8	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920	42,880	36,920	39,920	42,880	36,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,575	34,460	34,120	96.7	96.8	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,160	35,800	32,520	34,160	35,800	32,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,625	29,170	27,455	79.9	81.9	77.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,160	40,320	31,720	36,160	40,320	31,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,245	25,825	23,420	69.5	72.5	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,960	40,880	32,680	36,960	40,880	32,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,165	32,545	32,615	91.9	91.4	92.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,580	9,220	11,930	10,580	9,220	11,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,555	4,930	4,625	13.5	13.8	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,935	6,015	5,855	5,935	6,015	5,855
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,170	11,785	11,390	32.7	33.1	32.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,280	9,520	9,400	9,280	9,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	70,890	35,605	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,390	12,570	9,820	31.6	35.3	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	50,400	45,600	48,000	50,400	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,350	57,200	50,760	54,350	57,200	50,760
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,055	10,290	10,770	29.7	28.9	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,400	15,500	16,600	18,400	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,980	25,340	20,720	22,980	25,340	20,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.8	79.6	69.2	74.8	79.6	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	71.4	60.7	66.6	71.4	60.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.2	20.3	30.9	25.2	20.3	30.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.5	8.5	10.6	9.5	8.5	10.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.0	7.4	8.6	8.0	7.4	8.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	70,940	35,690	35,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,480	1,285	1,195	3.5	3.6	3.4
With total income	68,460	34,400	34,060	96.5	96.4	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,245	3,700	3,540	10.6	10.8	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,870	4,365	4,510	13.0	12.7	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,685	6,260	7,430	20.0	18.2	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,505	5,550	5,955	16.8	16.1	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	9,120	4,510	4,610	13.3	13.1	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,075	3,085	2,995	8.9	9.0	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,070	2,270	1,800	5.9	6.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	1,495	1,030	3.7	4.3	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,770	1,000	775	2.6	2.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,165	665	500	1.7	1.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,425	1,500	920	3.5	4.4	2.7
$100,000 to $149,999	1,800	1,060	735	2.6	3.1	2.2
$150,000 and over	625	440	185	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	70,940	35,690	35,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,465	1,280	1,180	3.5	3.6	3.3
With after-tax income	68,475	34,405	34,070	96.5	96.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,350	3,740	3,610	10.7	10.9	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,540	4,700	4,835	13.9	13.7	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	16,620	7,760	8,865	24.3	22.6	26.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,320	6,720	6,600	19.5	19.5	19.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,190	4,510	4,680	13.4	13.1	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,350	2,960	2,395	7.8	8.6	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,000	1,640	1,360	4.4	4.8	4.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,790	970	820	2.6	2.8	2.4
$80,000 to $89,999	940	520	415	1.4	1.5	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	470	275	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
$100,000 and over	910	620	290	1.3	1.8	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	500	325	175	0.7	0.9	0.5
$125,000 and over	410	295	115	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	70,940	35,690	35,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,625	9,825	11,800	30.5	27.5	33.5
With employment income	49,315	25,865	23,450	69.5	72.5	66.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,125	2,930	3,200	12.4	11.3	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,585	2,165	2,420	9.3	8.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,240	3,465	3,775	14.7	13.4	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,480	3,250	3,230	13.1	12.6	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,400	3,455	2,945	13.0	13.4	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,680	2,955	2,720	11.5	11.4	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,875	2,225	1,655	7.9	8.6	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,850	1,715	1,130	5.8	6.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,880	1,145	730	3.8	4.4	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,435	835	600	2.9	3.2	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	960	530	425	1.9	2.0	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,815	1,190	625	3.7	4.6	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,000	615	380	2.0	2.4	1.6
$125,000 and over	815	575	245	1.7	2.2	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	70,940	35,685	35,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,005	33,105	32,900	93.0	92.8	93.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	31,800	28,000	29,800	31,800	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,020	33,105	32,910	93.1	92.8	93.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	28,600	26,200	27,400	28,600	26,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,830	28,635	27,195	78.7	80.2	77.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	26,800	29,800	32,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,260	25,785	23,480	69.4	72.3	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,000	28,600	31,200	34,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,220	29,310	29,905	83.5	82.1	84.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,880	1,340	4,040	1,880	1,340	4,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,275	2,790	2,485	7.4	7.8	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,320	5,520	5,680	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	70,885	35,605	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,125	33,130	33,000	93.3	93.0	93.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,120	40,760	33,520	37,120	40,760	33,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,130	33,130	33,005	93.3	93.0	93.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	33,760	29,400	31,600	33,760	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,960	28,850	27,115	78.9	81.0	76.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	41,520	32,120	36,960	41,520	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,235	25,835	23,410	69.5	72.6	66.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,960	32,840	37,600	41,960	32,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,300	29,395	29,905	83.7	82.6	84.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,200	7,830	6,530	5,200	7,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,410	2,865	2,540	7.6	8.0	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,600	6,710	6,650	6,600	6,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	70,890	35,605	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,095	12,385	9,715	31.2	34.8	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,200	47,600	42,800	45,200	47,600	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,920	54,100	46,920	50,920	54,100	46,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,755	9,690	10,075	27.9	27.2	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	24,600	21,000	23,000	24,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,840	30,840	24,920	27,840	30,840	24,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	88.6	78.8	84.2	88.6	78.8
Employment income (%)	75.4	80.2	69.4	75.4	80.2	69.4
Government transfers (%)	15.8	11.3	21.2	15.8	11.3	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,300	...	...	60,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,040	...	...	36,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	770	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,445	...	...	3.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,230	...	...	5.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,210	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,040	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,115	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,895	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,405	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,025	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,625	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,910	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,555	...	...	22.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,675	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,105	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,880	...	...	4.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	895	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	720	...	...	1.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,465	...	...	3.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,850	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,715	...	...	7.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,500	...	...	6.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,480	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,285	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,235	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,735	...	...	14.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,005	...	...	7.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,420	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,315	...	...	3.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,560	12,560	10,000	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	32,000	31,000	31,600	32,000	31,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	29,000	28,800	28,800	29,000	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,300	...	...	74,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,900	...	...	110,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,750	...	...	61,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,100	...	...	56,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,580	12,620	9,960	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,960	41,720	37,720	39,960	41,720	37,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,960	34,800	32,920	33,960	34,800	32,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	84,660	42,685	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,200	8,285	7,910	19.1	19.4	18.8
0 to 5 years	5,840	2,980	2,865	6.9	7.0	6.8
18 to 64 years	58,205	29,775	28,430	68.8	69.8	67.7
65 years and over	10,255	4,630	5,630	12.1	10.8	13.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,990	9,360	9,625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,850	2,485	2,365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,020	1,010	1,005	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,705	5,860	5,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,430	1,015	1,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.4	21.9	22.9	22.4	21.9	22.9
0 to 17 years (%)	30.0	30.0	29.9	30.0	30.0	29.9
0 to 5 years (%)	34.6	34.0	35.1	34.6	34.0	35.1
18 to 64 years (%)	20.1	19.7	20.6	20.1	19.7	20.6
65 years and over (%)	23.7	21.9	25.1	23.7	21.9	25.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	84,655	42,685	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,200	8,290	7,915	19.1	19.4	18.9
0 to 5 years	5,840	2,975	2,860	6.9	7.0	6.8
18 to 64 years	58,200	29,770	28,430	68.7	69.7	67.7
65 years and over	10,260	4,625	5,630	12.1	10.8	13.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,500	6,560	5,935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,590	1,325	1,260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,075	540	530	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,960	4,800	4,155	...	...	...
65 years and over	955	435	520	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	14.8	15.4	14.1	14.8	15.4	14.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	16.0	15.9	16.0	16.0	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.4	18.1	18.7	18.4	18.1	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	15.4	16.1	14.6	15.4	16.1	14.6
65 years and over (%)	9.3	9.4	9.2	9.3	9.4	9.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	84,655	42,690	41,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,155	30,645	30,515	72.2	71.8	72.7
In bottom decile	17,580	8,930	8,650	20.8	20.9	20.6
In second decile	13,815	6,700	7,115	16.3	15.7	17.0
In third decile	11,410	5,800	5,615	13.5	13.6	13.4
In fourth decile	9,835	4,950	4,885	11.6	11.6	11.6
In fifth decile	8,525	4,265	4,255	10.1	10.0	10.1
In top half of the distribution	23,500	12,040	11,455	27.8	28.2	27.3
In sixth decile	7,370	3,745	3,625	8.7	8.8	8.6
In seventh decile	6,125	3,120	3,000	7.2	7.3	7.1
In eighth decile	4,770	2,440	2,330	5.6	5.7	5.6
In ninth decile	3,335	1,700	1,635	3.9	4.0	3.9
In top decile	1,895	1,030	865	2.2	2.4	2.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	84,655	...	...	84,655	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.483	...	...	0.483	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	86,040	43,545	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	77,440	39,585	37,860	90.0	90.9	89.1
French only	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	6,550	3,115	3,430	7.6	7.2	8.1
Neither English nor French	1,885	775	1,110	2.2	1.8	2.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	86,040	43,545	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,420	41,870	40,555	95.8	96.2	95.4
French	1,430	725	710	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	375	215	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	1,815	745	1,070	2.1	1.7	2.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	86,040	43,545	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,375	40,750	39,625	93.4	93.6	93.2
Official languages	53,535	27,665	25,865	62.2	63.5	60.9
English	52,205	27,015	25,190	60.7	62.0	59.3
French	1,330	655	675	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official languages	26,840	13,085	13,755	31.2	30.0	32.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,040	435	610	1.2	1.0	1.4
Algonquian languages	980	410	570	1.1	0.9	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	395	165	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	395	165	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	590	250	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ojibway languages	365	150	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	270	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,795	12,650	13,150	30.0	29.1	30.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,130	2,170	1,955	4.8	5.0	4.6
Berber languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,055	520	535	1.2	1.2	1.3
Bilen	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oromo	150	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	785	370	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,040	1,625	1,415	3.5	3.7	3.3
Amharic	675	315	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
Arabic	875	500	370	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,465	795	670	1.7	1.8	1.6
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,000	470	525	1.2	1.1	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	930	440	490	1.1	1.0	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,630	4,880	5,750	12.4	11.2	13.5
Bikol	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	275	110	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pangasinan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,705	4,475	5,225	11.3	10.3	12.3
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	245	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,805	3,545	3,260	7.9	8.1	7.7
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	835	375	455	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	825	380	445	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	220	95	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	120	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	955	445	510	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	300	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	655	295	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,370	1,375	1,000	2.8	3.2	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,060	1,195	865	2.4	2.7	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	295	175	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	280	175	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,025	590	435	1.2	1.4	1.0
Rohingya	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	170	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,530	1,285	1,245	2.9	3.0	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,340	660	680	1.6	1.5	1.6
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,000	530	470	1.2	1.2	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	585	295	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dinka	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nuer	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,530	700	825	1.8	1.6	1.9
Chinese languages	1,240	560	680	1.4	1.3	1.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	455	205	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	705	315	390	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
S'gaw Karen	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	200	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lao	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Thai	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,665	2,795	2,875	6.6	6.4	6.8
English and French	410	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,595	2,235	2,360	5.3	5.1	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	470	240	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	86,040	43,545	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,500	28,240	26,265	63.3	64.9	61.8
French	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	7,545	3,535	4,005	8.8	8.1	9.4
Indigenous³⁹	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	7,365	3,460	3,900	8.6	7.9	9.2
English and French	1,080	510	570	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	21,050	10,340	10,710	24.5	23.7	25.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	580	305	270	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	910	435	475	1.1	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	86,040	43,545	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,255	40,700	39,555	93.3	93.5	93.1
Official languages	63,120	32,385	30,730	73.4	74.4	72.3
English	62,630	32,160	30,470	72.8	73.9	71.7
French	490	230	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	17,130	8,310	8,820	19.9	19.1	20.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	290	120	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,840	8,185	8,650	19.6	18.8	20.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,020	1,540	1,480	3.5	3.5	3.5
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	795	375	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bilen	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	610	280	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,220	1,155	1,065	2.6	2.7	2.5
Amharic	455	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arabic	620	320	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,115	610	505	1.3	1.4	1.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	380	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	745	360	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,380	3,445	3,935	8.6	7.9	9.3
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,845	3,180	3,665	8.0	7.3	8.6
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,540	1,805	1,735	4.1	4.1	4.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,725	960	765	2.0	2.2	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,530	860	670	1.8	2.0	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	825	470	360	1.0	1.1	0.8
Rohingya	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,435	670	765	1.7	1.5	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	850	385	460	1.0	0.9	1.1
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	535	265	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	510	605	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	885	390	500	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	135	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	515	225	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	225	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Burmese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,790	2,840	2,945	6.7	6.5	6.9
English and French	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,340	2,615	2,730	6.2	6.0	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	86,040	43,540	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,185	34,280	32,905	78.1	78.7	77.4
English	7,640	3,780	3,860	8.9	8.7	9.1
French	865	400	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official language	7,910	3,795	4,110	9.2	8.7	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	680	270	415	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-Indigenous	7,225	3,530	3,695	8.4	8.1	8.7
English and French	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,230	630	605	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	255	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	840	465	380	1.0	1.1	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,620	42,590	42,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	82,660	41,785	40,875	97.7	98.1	97.3
English	82,520	41,720	40,800	97.5	98.0	97.1
French	6,745	3,125	3,620	8.0	7.3	8.6
Non-official languages	35,960	17,310	18,640	42.5	40.6	44.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,620	640	975	1.9	1.5	2.3
Algonquian languages	1,525	605	925	1.8	1.4	2.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	540	210	330	0.6	0.5	0.8
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	540	210	330	0.6	0.5	0.8
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	165	30	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,015	405	610	1.2	1.0	1.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	320	110	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ojibway languages	735	315	420	0.9	0.7	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	585	250	340	0.7	0.6	0.8
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	34,410	16,710	17,700	40.7	39.2	42.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,660	2,865	2,790	6.7	6.7	6.6
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	60	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,380	650	730	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bilen	135	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oromo	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	1,065	515	550	1.3	1.2	1.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages	4,505	2,300	2,205	5.3	5.4	5.2
Amharic	1,475	655	815	1.7	1.5	1.9
Arabic	1,855	995	855	2.2	2.3	2.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	2,115	1,125	995	2.5	2.6	2.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,315	610	695	1.6	1.4	1.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,225	575	650	1.4	1.4	1.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	14,210	6,565	7,645	16.8	15.4	18.2
Bikol	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	135	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	305	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	715	310	405	0.8	0.7	1.0
Indonesian	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	325	165	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pangasinan	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	13,985	6,440	7,545	16.5	15.1	18.0
Waray-Waray	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	225	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	145	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,335	4,760	4,570	11.0	11.2	10.9
Albanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	995	455	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	985	450	530	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	425	200	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	365	145	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,370	655	720	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,040	485	555	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,030	485	550	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	330	140	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,160	1,775	1,380	3.7	4.2	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,910	1,630	1,280	3.4	3.8	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	390	230	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	160	110	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	1,545	895	650	1.8	2.1	1.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,320	710	610	1.6	1.7	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	445	250	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	235	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,940	1,940	2,005	4.7	4.6	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	305	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	1,615	795	820	1.9	1.9	2.0
Romanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,125	1,030	1,095	2.5	2.4	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	310	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,550	875	680	1.8	2.1	1.6
Akan (Twi)	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	625	350	270	0.7	0.8	0.6
Wojenaka	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wolof	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	305	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	215	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,865	860	1,005	2.2	2.0	2.4
Chinese languages	1,500	680	820	1.8	1.6	2.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	750	340	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	925	430	500	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Burmese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
S'gaw Karen	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	315	165	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lao	265	150	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Thai	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,620	42,585	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,475	7,450	8,030	18.3	17.5	19.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,000	7,210	7,800	17.7	16.9	18.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,310	4,380	4,930	11.0	10.3	11.7
Métis	5,590	2,780	2,805	6.6	6.5	6.7
Inuk (Inuit)	110	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	69,145	35,140	34,000	81.7	82.5	80.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,620	42,585	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,670	4,010	4,660	10.2	9.4	11.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,945	38,575	37,370	89.7	90.6	88.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,175	...	...	39.0	...	...
Renter	23,700	...	...	61.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,680	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not condominium	36,190	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,510	...	...	3.9	...	...
1 bedroom	13,610	...	...	35.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,430	...	...	29.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,395	...	...	21.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,935	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,210	...	...	57.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,800	...	...	14.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,115	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,850	...	...	7.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,895	...	...	10.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,755	...	...	94.5	...	...
More than one person per room	2,120	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,985	...	...	87.4	...	...
Not suitable	4,890	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	21,730	...	...	55.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,160	...	...	21.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,480	...	...	9.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,605	...	...	4.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	450	...	...	1.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	725	...	...	1.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	985	...	...	2.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,745	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,105	...	...	90.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,770	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,015	...	...	61.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,665	...	...	32.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,190	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,525	...	...	6.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,170	...	...	21.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,490	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,470	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,860	...	...	17.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,665	...	...	12.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,055	...	...	5.3	...	...
85 years and over	640	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,650	...	...	73.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,110	...	...	26.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,990	...	...	23.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,590	...	...	42.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,365	...	...	21.5	...	...
Not suitable only	3,700	...	...	9.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,405	...	...	6.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	925	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	370	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,290	...	...	57.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,600	...	...	20.2	...	...
Not in core need	30,040	...	...	79.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.1	...	...	69.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,103	...	...	1,103	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	261,200	...	...	261,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.8	...	...	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	958	...	...	958	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,615	42,590	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,445	4,430	5,015	11.2	10.4	11.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,195	4,300	4,890	10.9	10.1	11.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,470	3,455	4,010	8.8	8.1	9.5
Métis single ancestry	1,675	825	850	2.0	1.9	2.0
Inuit single ancestry	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,330	3,080	3,245	7.5	7.2	7.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,935	2,880	3,055	7.0	6.8	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,140	1,515	1,620	3.7	3.6	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,720	1,325	1,400	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	68,845	35,080	33,760	81.4	82.4	80.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,615	42,590	42,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	69,925	35,070	34,860	82.6	82.3	83.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,105	7,220	6,885	16.7	17.0	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,820	27,845	27,975	66.0	65.4	66.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	14,690	7,525	7,165	17.4	17.7	17.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,615	42,590	42,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,465	26,715	25,745	62.0	62.7	61.3
Immigrants⁸¹	28,160	13,600	14,555	33.3	31.9	34.6
Before 1980	3,210	1,520	1,690	3.8	3.6	4.0
1980 to 1990	2,715	1,330	1,385	3.2	3.1	3.3
1991 to 2000	2,370	1,105	1,265	2.8	2.6	3.0
2001 to 2010	6,900	3,375	3,525	8.2	7.9	8.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,965	6,275	6,690	15.3	14.7	15.9
2011 to 2015	6,440	3,115	3,320	7.6	7.3	7.9
2016 to 2021	6,525	3,160	3,370	7.7	7.4	8.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,995	2,270	1,730	4.7	5.3	4.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,155	13,600	14,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,290	1,205	1,085	8.1	8.9	7.5
5 to 14 years	4,900	2,500	2,400	17.4	18.4	16.5
15 to 24 years	5,190	2,585	2,605	18.4	19.0	17.9
25 to 44 years	13,220	6,065	7,150	47.0	44.6	49.1
45 years and over	2,560	1,240	1,315	9.1	9.1	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,155	13,600	14,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,045	1,040	1,010	7.3	7.6	6.9
Brazil	240	105	135	0.9	0.8	0.9
Colombia	95	25	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	215	140	70	0.8	1.0	0.5
Guyana	210	115	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
Haiti	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	185	75	110	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mexico	105	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	135	80	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
United States of America	505	240	265	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	340	190	145	1.2	1.4	1.0
Europe	2,680	1,370	1,305	9.5	10.1	9.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	60	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Germany	190	105	80	0.7	0.8	0.5
Greece	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	140	80	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Netherlands	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Poland	115	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	890	395	495	3.2	2.9	3.4
Romania	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	130	50	85	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	125	50	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	500	285	210	1.8	2.1	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	270	160	110	1.0	1.2	0.8
Africa	5,260	2,650	2,615	18.7	19.5	18.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	345	190	160	1.2	1.4	1.1
Egypt	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	1,435	775	655	5.1	5.7	4.5
Ethiopia	1,035	470	565	3.7	3.5	3.9
Morocco	100	45	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	305	185	120	1.1	1.4	0.8
Somalia	540	235	310	1.9	1.7	2.1
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	685	680	4.9	5.0	4.7
Asia	18,105	8,505	9,600	64.3	62.5	66.0
Afghanistan	105	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	70	55	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Iraq	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	470	275	190	1.7	2.0	1.3
Turkey	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	550	245	310	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	50	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	220	80	140	0.8	0.6	1.0
Taiwan	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	13,215	6,075	7,145	46.9	44.7	49.1
Viet Nam	835	395	445	3.0	2.9	3.1
Bangladesh	175	100	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
India	785	410	380	2.8	3.0	2.6
Pakistan	205	110	100	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,115	535	575	4.0	3.9	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,525	3,160	3,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	485	205	280	7.4	6.5	8.3
Brazil	220	95	125	3.4	3.0	3.7
Colombia	45	0	35	0.7	0.0	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
Mexico	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
United States of America	80	40	40	1.2	1.3	1.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	65	20	50	1.0	0.6	1.5
Europe	230	120	115	3.5	3.8	3.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	30	0.8	0.8	0.9
Ukraine	70	25	50	1.1	0.8	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	50	30	1.1	1.6	0.9
Africa	2,520	1,245	1,275	38.6	39.4	37.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cameroon	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	165	95	70	2.5	3.0	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	915	490	430	14.0	15.5	12.8
Ethiopia	345	140	200	5.3	4.4	5.9
Morocco	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.0
Nigeria	185	110	75	2.8	3.5	2.2
Somalia	230	100	130	3.5	3.2	3.9
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	240	115	125	3.7	3.6	3.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	285	120	170	4.4	3.8	5.1
Asia	3,275	1,585	1,690	50.2	50.2	50.2
Afghanistan	65	35	30	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bangladesh	115	55	60	1.8	1.7	1.8
China⁹⁰	180	85	95	2.8	2.7	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.9
India	530	270	260	8.1	8.5	7.7
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	30	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Israel	40	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	50	25	20	0.8	0.8	0.6
Nepal	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Pakistan	110	50	55	1.7	1.6	1.6
Philippines	1,395	630	760	21.4	19.9	22.6
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	395	230	170	6.1	7.3	5.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	100	45	55	1.5	1.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	60	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,620	42,590	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	32,855	16,225	16,630	38.8	38.1	39.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,615	7,090	6,525	16.1	16.6	15.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,145	19,270	18,875	45.1	45.2	44.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	24,950	12,085	12,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,305	6,535	6,770	53.3	54.1	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,040	2,985	3,060	24.2	24.7	23.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,265	3,555	3,710	29.1	29.4	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,355	2,355	3,005	21.5	19.5	23.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,180	3,135	3,045	24.8	25.9	23.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	24,950	12,085	12,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	450	285	170	1.8	2.4	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,160	530	635	4.6	4.4	4.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245	110	135	1.0	0.9	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	985	525	460	3.9	4.3	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	75	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,005	10,565	11,445	88.2	87.4	89.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,620	42,590	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	36,820	18,400	18,420	43.5	43.2	43.8
South Asian	3,600	2,085	1,515	4.3	4.9	3.6
Chinese	1,445	705	740	1.7	1.7	1.8
Black	8,340	4,305	4,035	9.9	10.1	9.6
Filipino	16,585	7,895	8,690	19.6	18.5	20.7
Arab	1,020	550	475	1.2	1.3	1.1
Latin American	1,290	655	640	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	2,270	1,160	1,110	2.7	2.7	2.6
West Asian	285	165	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,250	570	680	1.5	1.3	1.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	47,795	24,185	23,610	56.5	56.8	56.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,615	42,590	42,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,750	2,595	2,150	5.6	6.1	5.1
English	8,885	4,490	4,395	10.5	10.5	10.5
Irish	7,675	3,890	3,785	9.1	9.1	9.0
Scottish	9,200	4,575	4,625	10.9	10.7	11.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,790	2,765	3,030	6.8	6.5	7.2
German	7,380	3,665	3,715	8.7	8.6	8.8
Chinese	2,235	1,090	1,140	2.6	2.6	2.7
Italian	1,160	565	595	1.4	1.3	1.4
Indian (India)	1,950	1,100	855	2.3	2.6	2.0
Ukrainian	6,670	3,465	3,205	7.9	8.1	7.6
Dutch	1,855	865	995	2.2	2.0	2.4
Polish	3,280	1,675	1,605	3.9	3.9	3.8
Québécois	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,675	815	855	2.0	1.9	2.0
Filipino	15,800	7,465	8,330	18.7	17.5	19.8
French Canadian	505	225	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	985	530	455	1.2	1.2	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,235	2,035	2,200	5.0	4.8	5.2
Métis	5,025	2,460	2,565	5.9	5.8	6.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	980	490	495	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	1,870	880	990	2.2	2.1	2.4
Norwegian	770	430	340	0.9	1.0	0.8
Welsh	1,035	520	510	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portuguese	1,710	870	840	2.0	2.0	2.0
American	540	280	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Spanish	1,170	615	555	1.4	1.4	1.3
Swedish	1,235	600	635	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hungarian	455	255	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Acadian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	240	145	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,090	580	515	1.3	1.4	1.2
Jewish	685	320	365	0.8	0.8	0.9
Punjabi	365	225	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vietnamese	1,375	660	720	1.6	1.5	1.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	360	165	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Greek	215	120	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,450	700	750	1.7	1.6	1.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,910	925	990	2.3	2.2	2.4
Korean	280	110	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	230	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,150	1,035	1,120	2.5	2.4	2.7
Sikh	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	515	220	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Belgian	535	245	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	290	180	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	245	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,835	885	950	2.2	2.1	2.3
Swiss	235	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	230	145	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	270	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Muslim	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	335	170	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	1,210	655	555	1.4	1.5	1.3
Colombian	145	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	195	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Syrian	370	195	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Guyanese	200	130	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afghan	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	360	165	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,910	815	1,085	2.3	1.9	2.6
Newfoundlander	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	95	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	230	160	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	290	120	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigerian	425	255	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Armenian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	835	385	450	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	230	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	255	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	180	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquin	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lithuanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	270	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	860	340	520	1.0	0.8	1.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	175	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrean	1,415	755	660	1.7	1.8	1.6
African Canadian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	335	195	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ilocano	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dominican	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	360	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	315	130	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Burundian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	795	425	370	0.9	1.0	0.9
Nicaraguan	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	380	150	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tanzanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	280	150	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Paraguayan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,620	42,585	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,205	555	650	1.4	1.3	1.5
Christian	42,410	20,350	22,055	50.1	47.8	52.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,625	3,825	3,795	9.0	9.0	9.0
Anabaptist	1,005	465	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
Anglican	1,565	690	880	1.8	1.6	2.1
Baptist	765	395	370	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catholic	22,045	10,575	11,470	26.1	24.8	27.3
Christian Orthodox	2,235	1,010	1,225	2.6	2.4	2.9
Jehovah's Witness	570	265	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	740	355	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,305	625	680	1.5	1.5	1.6
Presbyterian	265	110	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,880	840	1,045	2.2	2.0	2.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,150	1,060	1,090	2.5	2.5	2.6
Hindu	1,175	735	440	1.4	1.7	1.0
Jewish	485	240	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	4,055	2,150	1,905	4.8	5.0	4.5
Sikh	875	400	480	1.0	0.9	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	635	295	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	965	410	550	1.1	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	32,815	17,450	15,365	38.8	41.0	36.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	83,545	42,020	41,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,615	34,515	34,100	82.1	82.1	82.1
Movers	14,935	7,510	7,425	17.9	17.9	17.9
Non-migrants	11,975	5,995	5,985	14.3	14.3	14.4
Migrants	2,955	1,520	1,435	3.5	3.6	3.5
Internal migrants	2,000	1,055	945	2.4	2.5	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	710	360	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,290	695	595	1.5	1.7	1.4
External migrants	960	465	495	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	79,710	40,050	39,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,960	20,255	20,705	51.4	50.6	52.2
Movers	38,750	19,795	18,955	48.6	49.4	47.8
Non-migrants	25,880	13,160	12,715	32.5	32.9	32.1
Migrants	12,875	6,635	6,240	16.2	16.6	15.7
Internal migrants	5,100	2,720	2,380	6.4	6.8	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,660	1,390	1,275	3.3	3.5	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,435	1,335	1,110	3.1	3.3	2.8
External migrants	7,775	3,910	3,860	9.8	9.8	9.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,885	35,605	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,040	7,690	7,350	21.2	21.6	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,845	27,910	27,940	78.8	78.4	79.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,185	25,090	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,950	4,310	3,640	16.2	17.2	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,235	20,780	20,450	83.8	82.8	84.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,885	35,600	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,895	7,095	6,805	19.6	19.9	19.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,355	11,515	9,835	30.1	32.3	27.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,640	16,995	18,645	50.3	47.7	52.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,315	8,690	8,615	24.4	24.4	24.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,850	2,525	1,325	5.4	7.1	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,355	1,415	940	3.3	4.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,495	1,110	385	2.1	3.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,550	5,350	6,200	16.3	15.0	17.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,910	820	1,090	2.7	2.3	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,330	8,300	10,030	25.9	23.3	28.4
Bachelor's degree	13,210	5,875	7,330	18.6	16.5	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,205	575	630	1.7	1.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	175	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,975	1,380	1,595	4.2	3.9	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	290	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,185	25,090	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,185	3,910	3,275	14.6	15.6	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,485	7,720	5,770	27.4	30.8	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,510	13,460	15,055	58.0	53.6	62.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,090	6,530	6,565	26.6	26.0	27.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,735	1,815	920	5.6	7.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,710	1,080	630	3.5	4.3	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,025	735	295	2.1	2.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,970	4,135	4,835	18.2	16.5	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,385	575	810	2.8	2.3	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,420	6,930	8,490	31.4	27.6	35.2
Bachelor's degree	11,165	4,980	6,180	22.7	19.8	25.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	965	460	500	2.0	1.8	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	160	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,485	1,100	1,385	5.1	4.4	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	220	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,890	35,600	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,250	18,610	16,645	49.7	52.3	47.2
Education	2,240	590	1,650	3.2	1.7	4.7
13. Education	2,240	590	1,650	3.2	1.7	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,690	865	825	2.4	2.4	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	115	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,530	750	780	2.2	2.1	2.2
Humanities	2,035	945	1,090	2.9	2.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	540	230	305	0.8	0.6	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	165	280	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	135	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	170	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	280	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,490	1,615	2,875	6.3	4.5	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655	320	340	0.9	0.9	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	60	630	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	500	170	330	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	735	220	515	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,585	785	800	2.2	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,285	3,090	4,190	10.3	8.7	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	205	505	1.0	0.6	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,545	2,875	3,670	9.2	8.1	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	600	650	1.8	1.7	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	295	335	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	255	150	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,145	1,380	765	3.0	3.9	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,855	1,260	595	2.6	3.5	1.7
25. Library science	135	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,125	5,335	785	8.6	15.0	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	350	195	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,605	1,285	320	2.3	3.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,480	1,280	200	2.1	3.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	895	865	30	1.3	2.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,160	1,125	35	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	630	580	45	0.9	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	315	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385	180	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	130	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,970	1,455	4,515	8.4	4.1	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	170	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,525	1,235	4,290	7.8	3.5	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,785	795	990	2.5	2.2	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,225	380	850	1.7	1.1	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	125	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	320	285	35	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,185	25,095	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,675	11,630	9,045	42.0	46.3	37.5
Education	1,730	435	1,305	3.5	1.7	5.4
13. Education	1,730	435	1,305	3.5	1.7	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	710	710	2.9	2.8	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,295	630	670	2.6	2.5	2.8
Humanities	1,500	680	815	3.0	2.7	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	415	185	230	0.8	0.7	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	110	190	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	115	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	195	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,705	1,320	2,390	7.5	5.3	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	20	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	275	305	1.2	1.1	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	45	515	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	410	140	275	0.8	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	35	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
42. Psychology	595	185	410	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,265	615	650	2.6	2.5	2.7
Business, management and public administration	5,750	2,355	3,390	11.7	9.4	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	515	135	375	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,210	2,215	3,000	10.6	8.8	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	485	535	2.1	1.9	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	235	275	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	115	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,745	1,105	640	3.5	4.4	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,505	1,000	505	3.1	4.0	2.1
25. Library science	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,895	4,225	665	10.0	16.8	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	305	160	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	1,385	1,105	285	2.8	4.4	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,095	945	150	2.2	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	695	665	30	1.4	2.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	905	890	15	1.8	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	500	460	40	1.0	1.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	520	285	240	1.1	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	165	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	4,880	1,235	3,635	9.9	4.9	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	150	130	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,500	1,050	3,450	9.1	4.2	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,355	620	730	2.8	2.5	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	895	285	610	1.8	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	115	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	225	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,185	25,095	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,675	11,630	9,045	42.0	46.3	37.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,510	13,455	15,050	58.0	53.6	62.5
Location of study inside Canada	19,600	9,280	10,320	39.8	37.0	42.8
Same as province or territory of residence	16,680	7,815	8,865	33.9	31.1	36.8
Different than province or territory of residence	2,925	1,465	1,455	5.9	5.8	6.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,910	4,175	4,735	18.1	16.6	19.7
Americas	990	485	505	2.0	1.9	2.1
United States of America	460	240	230	0.9	1.0	1.0
Mexico	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	240	115	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	600	325	275	1.2	1.3	1.1
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	870	480	385	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nigeria	170	100	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	565	310	260	1.1	1.2	1.1
Asia	6,420	2,865	3,555	13.1	11.4	14.8
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	5,015	2,170	2,845	10.2	8.6	11.8
Viet Nam	135	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	530	285	245	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	140	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	70,885	35,600	35,285	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,485	24,515	21,980	...	...	...
Employed	41,380	21,725	19,655	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,105	2,790	2,315	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,400	11,090	13,310	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.6	68.9	62.3	65.6	68.9	62.3
Employment rate	58.4	61.0	55.7	58.4	61.0	55.7
Unemployment rate	11.0	11.4	10.5	11.0	11.4	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	70,890	35,600	35,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,655	11,760	13,895	36.2	33.0	39.4
Worked	45,230	23,840	21,390	63.8	67.0	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,985	12,885	10,105	32.4	36.2	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,250	10,960	11,290	31.4	30.8	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.1	40.1	40.7	41.1	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,490	24,510	21,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	660	645	2.8	2.7	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,190	23,855	21,335	97.2	97.3	97.1
Employee	41,365	21,450	19,915	89.0	87.5	90.6
Permanent position	34,185	17,985	16,205	73.5	73.4	73.7
Temporary position	7,180	3,470	3,710	15.4	14.2	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,470	1,150	1,315	5.3	4.7	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,715	2,315	2,395	10.1	9.4	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,820	2,400	1,420	8.2	9.8	6.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,490	24,510	21,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	660	645	2.8	2.7	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,190	23,855	21,335	97.2	97.3	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	265	180	90	0.6	0.7	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,735	2,505	4,235	14.5	10.2	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,680	2,020	655	5.8	8.2	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,710	960	2,750	8.0	3.9	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,725	2,045	3,680	12.3	8.3	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,945	1,015	925	4.2	4.1	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,520	6,175	7,345	29.1	25.2	33.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,905	6,340	565	14.9	25.9	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	355	105	1.0	1.4	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,245	995	7.0	9.2	4.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,490	24,510	21,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	660	645	2.8	2.7	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	45,190	23,855	21,335	97.2	97.3	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	245	145	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	205	125	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
23 Construction	2,685	2,420	270	5.8	9.9	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	4,555	3,360	1,200	9.8	13.7	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,140	755	385	2.5	3.1	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	4,915	2,455	2,465	10.6	10.0	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,605	1,980	625	5.6	8.1	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,195	680	515	2.6	2.8	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,595	720	875	3.4	2.9	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	325	280	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,490	1,450	1,040	5.4	5.9	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,135	1,665	1,470	6.7	6.8	6.7
61 Educational services	3,150	1,280	1,870	6.8	5.2	8.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,175	1,970	5,205	15.4	8.0	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,105	575	525	2.4	2.3	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,635	1,655	1,985	7.8	6.8	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,225	1,060	1,170	4.8	4.3	5.3
91 Public administration	2,405	1,165	1,235	5.2	4.8	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	49,115	25,935	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,985	24,475	21,505	93.6	94.4	92.8
French	155	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	275	155	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	275	155	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	895	390	505	1.8	1.5	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,735	840	895	3.5	3.2	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	49,115	25,935	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,645	25,675	22,970	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	48,050	25,390	22,655	97.8	97.9	97.7
English	47,755	25,290	22,470	97.2	97.5	96.9
French	295	100	190	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official languages	595	285	310	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	565	270	295	1.2	1.0	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	115	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	470	260	210	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	310	170	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	49,115	25,935	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,855	24,925	21,930	95.4	96.1	94.6
English	410	170	240	0.8	0.7	1.0
French	610	255	360	1.2	1.0	1.6
Non-official language	1,060	510	555	2.2	2.0	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,005	485	515	2.0	1.9	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	41,385	21,725	19,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,195	3,415	3,780	17.4	15.7	19.2
Worked outside Canada	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,480	3,235	1,245	10.8	14.9	6.3
Usual place of work	29,655	15,035	14,620	71.7	69.2	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,650	15,035	14,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,295	14,120	14,175	95.4	93.9	97.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	95	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,100	750	355	3.7	5.0	2.4
Commute to a different province or territory	155	105	55	0.5	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,135	18,270	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,625	12,850	9,770	66.3	70.3	61.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,590	11,655	6,940	54.5	63.8	43.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,035	1,200	2,835	11.8	6.6	17.9
Public transit	5,980	2,665	3,315	17.5	14.6	20.9
Walked	3,845	1,805	2,050	11.3	9.9	12.9
Bicycle	1,005	635	370	2.9	3.5	2.3
Other method	680	310	365	2.0	1.7	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,135	18,270	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,860	5,210	5,650	31.8	28.5	35.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,205	8,395	6,810	44.5	45.9	42.9
30 to 44 minutes	5,435	3,175	2,260	15.9	17.4	14.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,340	715	620	3.9	3.9	3.9
60 minutes and over	1,295	765	530	3.8	4.2	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,135	18,270	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,735	1,250	490	5.1	6.8	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,235	3,095	2,145	15.3	16.9	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,965	4,435	3,530	23.3	24.3	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,560	3,090	3,465	19.2	16.9	21.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,835	2,225	2,610	14.2	12.2	16.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,805	4,175	3,630	22.9	22.9	22.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,500	8,440	8,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,570	775	795	9.5	9.2	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,940	7,665	7,270	90.5	90.8	90.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,270	5,780	5,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,150	575	575	10.2	9.9	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	710	355	350	6.3	6.1	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	220	220	3.9	3.8	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,120	5,205	4,915	89.8	90.1	89.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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