Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg South CentreMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	94,803	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	93,053	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,396	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,932	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,123.6	...	...	2,123.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	44.64	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	94,805	45,795	49,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,925	6,105	5,820	12.6	13.3	11.9
0 to 4 years	3,730	1,920	1,810	3.9	4.2	3.7
5 to 9 years	4,070	2,105	1,965	4.3	4.6	4.0
10 to 14 years	4,125	2,085	2,040	4.4	4.6	4.2
15 to 64 years	63,000	31,285	31,715	66.5	68.3	64.7
15 to 19 years	4,615	2,340	2,275	4.9	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	7,485	3,890	3,595	7.9	8.5	7.3
25 to 29 years	8,230	4,120	4,115	8.7	9.0	8.4
30 to 34 years	7,355	3,750	3,605	7.8	8.2	7.4
35 to 39 years	6,600	3,315	3,290	7.0	7.2	6.7
40 to 44 years	5,860	2,865	3,000	6.2	6.3	6.1
45 to 49 years	5,550	2,750	2,800	5.9	6.0	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,355	2,580	2,770	5.6	5.6	5.7
55 to 59 years	6,005	2,865	3,140	6.3	6.3	6.4
60 to 64 years	5,945	2,820	3,130	6.3	6.2	6.4
65 years and over	19,880	8,405	11,475	21.0	18.4	23.4
65 to 69 years	5,515	2,530	2,985	5.8	5.5	6.1
70 to 74 years	4,940	2,235	2,705	5.2	4.9	5.5
75 to 79 years	3,340	1,440	1,900	3.5	3.1	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,515	975	1,540	2.7	2.1	3.1
85 years and over	3,560	1,225	2,340	3.8	2.7	4.8
85 to 89 years	1,940	745	1,195	2.0	1.6	2.4
90 to 94 years	1,230	365	865	1.3	0.8	1.8
95 to 99 years	350	110	240	0.4	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	50	5	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.3	11.9	12.6	13.3	11.9
15 to 64 years	66.5	68.3	64.7	66.5	68.3	64.7
65 years and over	21.0	18.4	23.4	21.0	18.4	23.4
85 years and over	3.8	2.7	4.8	3.8	2.7	4.8
Average age of the population	43.0	41.4	44.6	43.0	41.4	44.6
Median age of the population	40.8	38.8	43.2	40.8	38.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,875	...	...	47.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	715	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	1,250	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	885	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,940	...	...	22.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,260	...	...	23.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,720	...	...	38.1	...	...
2 persons	15,035	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	5,610	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	4,595	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,965	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,645	45,030	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,875	39,690	43,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,050	21,520	21,530	51.9	54.2	49.8
Married	34,140	17,010	17,130	41.2	42.9	39.7
Living common-law	8,910	4,510	4,400	10.8	11.4	10.2
Living common law - Never married	6,965	3,530	3,430	8.4	8.9	7.9
Living common law - Separated	270	145	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,540	765	775	1.9	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	39,830	18,170	21,660	48.1	45.8	50.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,195	14,280	12,910	32.8	36.0	29.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,800	800	995	2.2	2.0	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,735	2,075	3,655	6.9	5.2	8.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,100	1,010	4,095	6.2	2.5	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,920	...	...	56.7	...	...
3 persons	4,915	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	4,220	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,485	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,905	...	...	85.2	...	...
Married couples	16,450	...	...	67.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,320	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	8,130	...	...	33.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,455	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,045	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	3,415	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,630	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,820	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	810	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,645	45,030	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	67,340	33,395	33,945	72.7	74.2	71.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,810	20,950	20,865	45.1	46.5	43.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,630	810	2,820	3.9	1.8	5.9
Children⁶	21,900	11,640	10,260	23.6	25.8	21.5
In a two-parent family	16,630	8,780	7,850	18.0	19.5	16.5
In a one-parent family	5,270	2,855	2,410	5.7	6.3	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,305	11,635	13,675	27.3	25.8	28.7
Living alone	16,720	7,090	9,635	18.0	15.7	20.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,530	1,175	1,360	2.7	2.6	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,050	3,375	2,675	6.5	7.5	5.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,780	...	...	51.9	...	...
Couple-family households	19,715	...	...	44.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,845	...	...	20.1	...	...
Without children	10,870	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,065	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	870	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,000	...	...	6.8	...	...
One-person households	16,720	...	...	38.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,740	38,935	41,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,545	37,840	40,705	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,000	40,400	44,000	48,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,570	37,855	40,715	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,600	35,600	38,400	41,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,615	35,165	37,450	89.9	90.3	89.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,150	29,365	28,785	72.0	75.4	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,400	38,800	43,600	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,575	34,120	37,460	88.6	87.6	89.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	4,720	8,600	6,850	4,720	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,045	3,225	3,815	8.7	8.3	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,160	5,080	5,120	5,160	5,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,715	9,490	10,230	24.4	24.4	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,475	37,730	40,745	97.3	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,850	75,900	52,700	63,850	75,900	52,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,495	37,745	40,750	97.4	97.2	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	57,350	42,760	49,760	57,350	42,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,610	35,145	37,460	90.1	90.5	89.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,850	73,500	47,040	59,850	73,500	47,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,010	29,400	28,610	72.0	75.7	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,150	68,200	45,840	57,150	68,200	45,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,565	34,090	37,470	88.8	87.8	89.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,310	8,240	10,270	9,310	8,240	10,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,885	3,145	3,735	8.5	8.1	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,065	5,700	6,370	6,065	5,700	6,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,645	9,295	10,345	24.4	23.9	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,670	8,830	8,760	8,670	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,410	15,730	12,680	35.2	40.5	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	70,000	63,600	67,000	70,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,000	96,800	72,500	86,000	96,800	72,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,500	10,705	12,790	29.2	27.6	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	17,800	16,000	16,800	17,800	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,640	36,520	25,760	30,640	36,520	25,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	90.2	82.0	86.8	90.2	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	70.0	61.1	66.2	70.0	61.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.3	9.8	17.9	13.3	9.8	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.8	4.3	3.4	2.8	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,740	38,935	41,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,190	1,095	1,100	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	78,545	37,835	40,710	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,795	3,270	3,520	8.7	8.6	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,770	3,385	4,380	9.9	8.9	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	11,525	4,925	6,600	14.7	13.0	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,720	4,185	5,530	12.4	11.1	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,505	3,810	4,695	10.8	10.1	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,885	3,205	3,680	8.8	8.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,810	2,940	2,875	7.4	7.8	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,495	2,310	2,180	5.7	6.1	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565	1,860	1,705	4.5	4.9	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,970	1,480	1,490	3.8	3.9	3.7
$100,000 and over	10,515	6,470	4,045	13.4	17.1	9.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,125	3,465	2,665	7.8	9.2	6.5
$150,000 and over	4,390	3,010	1,380	5.6	8.0	3.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,740	38,935	41,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,165	1,075	1,095	2.7	2.8	2.6
With after-tax income	78,570	37,855	40,715	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,250	3,425	3,820	9.2	9.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,505	3,705	4,795	10.8	9.8	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,625	5,910	7,715	17.3	15.6	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,825	5,200	6,630	15.1	13.7	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,820	4,535	5,280	12.5	12.0	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,675	3,845	3,830	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525	2,860	2,665	7.0	7.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,255	2,190	2,065	5.4	5.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	1,395	1,260	3.4	3.7	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,025	775	2.3	2.7	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,630	3,765	1,870	7.2	9.9	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,340	1,485	855	3.0	3.9	2.1
$125,000 and over	3,290	2,275	1,010	4.2	6.0	2.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,740	38,935	41,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,595	9,570	13,020	28.0	24.6	31.1
With employment income	58,150	29,365	28,785	72.0	75.4	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,475	3,510	3,970	12.9	12.0	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,750	2,150	2,600	8.2	7.3	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,855	3,145	3,715	11.8	10.7	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,525	2,585	2,935	9.5	8.8	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,075	2,440	2,630	8.7	8.3	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,810	2,335	2,475	8.3	8.0	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,190	2,040	2,150	7.2	6.9	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,815	2,040	1,780	6.6	6.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055	1,610	1,440	5.3	5.5	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,340	1,250	4.4	4.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,230	1,210	4.2	4.2	4.2
$100,000 and over	7,575	4,945	2,630	13.0	16.8	9.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,040	1,755	1,285	5.2	6.0	4.5
$125,000 and over	4,535	3,190	1,345	7.8	10.9	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,740	38,935	41,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,305	36,630	39,675	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	38,400	42,000	46,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,330	36,640	39,695	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	34,000	36,400	40,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,310	34,440	36,875	88.3	88.5	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,010	29,115	28,890	71.8	74.8	69.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,760	31,340	34,420	81.4	80.5	82.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,440	1,080	3,180	1,440	1,080	3,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,220	1,895	2,325	5.2	4.9	5.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,360	5,840	5,560	5,360	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,245	36,560	39,690	94.6	94.2	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,250	75,500	50,040	62,250	75,500	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,265	36,560	39,705	94.6	94.2	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	56,650	40,240	48,120	56,650	40,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,230	34,420	36,815	88.4	88.7	88.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800	75,400	47,200	60,800	75,400	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,735	29,050	28,680	71.6	74.8	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,100	68,700	45,400	57,100	68,700	45,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,805	31,340	34,465	81.6	80.7	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,305	5,305	7,220	6,305	5,305	7,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,305	1,955	2,355	5.3	5.0	5.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	6,530	7,690	7,160	6,530	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,170	15,590	12,575	34.9	40.2	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	65,500	58,000	62,400	65,500	58,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	93,200	67,300	81,600	93,200	67,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,845	9,855	11,990	27.1	25.4	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,200	20,000	21,000	22,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,760	44,400	30,520	36,760	44,400	30,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	94.0	87.4	91.2	94.0	87.4
Employment income (%)	69.4	72.2	65.6	69.4	72.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	8.7	6.0	12.5	8.7	6.0	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,850	...	...	60,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	660	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	680	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,590	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,595	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,620	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,395	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,755	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,800	...	...	38.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,735	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,285	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,970	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,815	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	750	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	735	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,980	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,910	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,060	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,145	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,115	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,165	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,760	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,485	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,460	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,595	...	...	28.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,525	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,770	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,300	...	...	12.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,770	10,460	12,310	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,400	36,800	36,400	36,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	188,200	...	...	188,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,780	10,315	12,465	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,600	55,750	51,850	53,600	55,750	51,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	44,480	42,880	43,600	44,480	42,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,650	45,030	47,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,450	7,385	7,065	15.6	16.4	14.8
0 to 5 years	4,480	2,305	2,175	4.8	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	60,075	29,745	30,335	64.8	66.1	63.7
65 years and over	18,125	7,905	10,220	19.6	17.6	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,225	5,250	5,970	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,190	1,125	1,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	725	365	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,000	3,425	3,575	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,035	695	1,340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.7	12.5	12.1	11.7	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.3	15.0	15.1	15.3	15.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.2	16.0	16.4	16.2	16.0	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.5	11.8	11.7	11.5	11.8
65 years and over (%)	11.2	8.8	13.1	11.2	8.8	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,645	45,030	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,445	7,380	7,065	15.6	16.4	14.8
0 to 5 years	4,480	2,310	2,170	4.8	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	60,075	29,740	30,335	64.8	66.0	63.7
65 years and over	18,125	7,910	10,220	19.6	17.6	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,940	4,060	3,875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,255	670	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	200	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,975	3,130	2,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	705	270	440	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	9.0	8.1	8.6	9.0	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	9.0	8.3	8.7	9.0	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	8.6	8.6	8.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.5	9.4	9.9	10.5	9.4
65 years and over (%)	3.9	3.4	4.3	3.9	3.4	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,645	45,030	47,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,560	21,585	23,975	49.2	47.9	50.3
In bottom decile	10,925	5,380	5,545	11.8	11.9	11.6
In second decile	8,965	4,065	4,900	9.7	9.0	10.3
In third decile	8,855	4,085	4,765	9.6	9.1	10.0
In fourth decile	8,260	3,940	4,325	8.9	8.7	9.1
In fifth decile	8,560	4,115	4,450	9.2	9.1	9.3
In top half of the distribution	47,090	23,440	23,645	50.8	52.1	49.7
In sixth decile	8,535	4,185	4,355	9.2	9.3	9.1
In seventh decile	8,430	4,160	4,265	9.1	9.2	9.0
In eighth decile	9,055	4,440	4,620	9.8	9.9	9.7
In ninth decile	8,865	4,445	4,420	9.6	9.9	9.3
In top decile	12,200	6,215	5,980	13.2	13.8	12.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,645	...	...	92,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.413	...	...	0.413	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.499	...	...	0.499	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.358	...	...	0.358	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	93,830	45,410	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	82,260	40,405	41,855	87.7	89.0	86.4
French only	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,570	4,570	6,000	11.3	10.1	12.4
Neither English nor French	925	390	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	93,830	45,410	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,860	44,120	46,740	96.8	97.2	96.5
French	1,675	730	945	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and French	410	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	885	370	515	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	93,830	45,410	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,265	43,700	46,560	96.2	96.2	96.2
Official languages	70,820	34,455	36,370	75.5	75.9	75.1
English	69,115	33,705	35,410	73.7	74.2	73.1
French	1,700	750	955	1.8	1.7	2.0
Non-official languages	19,445	9,245	10,200	20.7	20.4	21.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	155	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,270	9,185	10,085	20.5	20.2	20.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180	645	530	1.3	1.4	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,010	555	455	1.1	1.2	0.9
Amharic	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	540	325	215	0.6	0.7	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	155	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,865	795	1,070	2.0	1.8	2.2
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,605	685	920	1.7	1.5	1.9
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	150	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,725	5,615	6,110	12.5	12.4	12.6
Albanian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,145	915	1,235	2.3	2.0	2.6
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,120	900	1,220	2.3	2.0	2.5
Belarusian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	140	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	745	350	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	105	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	600	230	375	0.6	0.5	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,055	870	1,190	2.2	1.9	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,490	635	850	1.6	1.4	1.8
German	1,380	585	790	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	205	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,085	2,190	1,895	4.4	4.8	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,340	1,805	1,530	3.6	4.0	3.2
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	305	195	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	490	280	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindi	445	230	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,525	790	740	1.6	1.7	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	330	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	745	385	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	530	275	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	405	215	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,070	1,475	1,600	3.3	3.2	3.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	775	355	420	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	785	380	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,425	700	725	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	700	335	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,195	1,045	1,160	2.3	2.3	2.4
Chinese languages	2,180	1,035	1,145	2.3	2.3	2.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,435	700	730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	690	315	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,570	1,705	1,860	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	520	235	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,625	1,285	1,340	2.8	2.8	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	93,830	45,410	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,135	35,505	37,635	77.9	78.2	77.7
French	325	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	4,715	2,315	2,400	5.0	5.1	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,705	2,310	2,390	5.0	5.1	4.9
English and French	1,355	585	765	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	13,275	6,395	6,880	14.1	14.1	14.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	500	225	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	485	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	93,830	45,410	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,805	43,950	46,855	96.8	96.8	96.8
Official languages	80,590	38,905	41,685	85.9	85.7	86.1
English	80,060	38,670	41,385	85.3	85.2	85.5
French	530	235	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	10,215	5,045	5,170	10.9	11.1	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,195	5,035	5,155	10.9	11.1	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	670	345	325	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	595	310	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	175	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,015	470	550	1.1	1.0	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	895	420	485	1.0	0.9	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,685	2,835	2,850	6.1	6.2	5.9
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	780	370	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	780	370	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	470	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,990	1,570	1,420	3.2	3.5	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,440	1,300	1,140	2.6	2.9	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	385	220	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	330	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190	635	555	1.3	1.4	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	235	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	390	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,595	740	855	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	825	390	440	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	525	255	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,560	775	785	1.7	1.7	1.6
Chinese languages	1,550	770	780	1.7	1.7	1.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,075	540	540	1.1	1.2	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,025	1,460	1,570	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and French	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,730	1,320	1,405	2.9	2.9	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	93,830	45,405	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,560	39,105	41,460	85.9	86.1	85.6
English	4,290	2,100	2,190	4.6	4.6	4.5
French	1,100	475	625	1.2	1.0	1.3
Non-official language	5,965	2,785	3,185	6.4	6.1	6.6
Indigenous³⁹	150	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,815	2,725	3,090	6.2	6.0	6.4
English and French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	865	460	405	0.9	1.0	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	250	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	710	350	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,605	44,990	47,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,760	44,670	47,090	99.1	99.3	98.9
English	91,705	44,640	47,060	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	10,520	4,510	6,010	11.4	10.0	12.6
Non-official languages	26,765	12,740	14,025	28.9	28.3	29.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	120	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	255	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,450	12,615	13,835	28.6	28.0	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,630	1,365	1,265	2.8	3.0	2.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	45	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,500	1,285	1,210	2.7	2.9	2.5
Amharic	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	885	515	370	1.0	1.1	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,335	635	700	1.4	1.4	1.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	195	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	165	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	160	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,555	1,135	1,420	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,415	1,050	1,360	2.6	2.3	2.9
Waray-Waray	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,070	7,685	8,385	17.4	17.1	17.6
Albanian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,515	1,045	1,470	2.7	2.3	3.1
Baltic languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,490	1,040	1,450	2.7	2.3	3.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	435	150	285	0.5	0.3	0.6
Russian	1,150	510	640	1.2	1.1	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	270	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	770	305	465	0.8	0.7	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,915	1,370	1,545	3.1	3.0	3.2
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,250	1,075	1,175	2.4	2.4	2.5
German	1,990	960	1,025	2.1	2.1	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	250	105	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	320	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	350	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	495	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	5,665	3,030	2,635	6.1	6.7	5.5
Indo-Aryan languages	4,750	2,555	2,195	5.1	5.7	4.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	410	235	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	840	460	375	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hindi	2,665	1,410	1,260	2.9	3.1	2.6
Kacchi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,365	1,265	1,100	2.6	2.8	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Urdu	675	360	310	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	965	505	460	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	590	305	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	465	245	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,015	2,300	2,715	5.4	5.1	5.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,110	500	610	1.2	1.1	1.3
Portuguese	1,055	530	530	1.1	1.2	1.1
Romanian	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,045	1,360	1,685	3.3	3.0	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	255	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	840	410	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mongolian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	615	530	1.2	1.4	1.1
Akan (Twi)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	475	290	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	70	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	240	70	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,635	1,255	1,380	2.8	2.8	2.9
Chinese languages	2,625	1,255	1,370	2.8	2.8	2.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,975	930	1,040	2.1	2.1	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	935	455	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,650	3,615	4,035	8.3	8.0	8.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,470	3,535	3,940	8.1	7.9	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,835	1,310	1,525	3.1	2.9	3.2
Métis	4,605	2,215	2,390	5.0	4.9	5.0
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	84,955	41,370	43,580	91.7	92.0	91.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,640	1,250	1,390	2.9	2.8	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,965	43,740	46,220	97.1	97.2	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,050	...	...	57.1	...	...
Renter	18,850	...	...	42.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,010	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not condominium	35,880	...	...	81.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	9,820	...	...	22.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,645	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,070	...	...	25.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,715	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,970	...	...	40.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,320	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,410	...	...	12.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,265	...	...	9.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,935	...	...	22.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,030	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	870	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,385	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,510	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,185	...	...	43.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,020	...	...	25.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,025	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,310	...	...	5.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,285	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,180	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,170	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,725	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,540	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,360	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,750	...	...	56.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,555	...	...	40.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,600	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,295	...	...	5.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,715	...	...	17.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,205	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,555	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,570	...	...	17.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,730	...	...	15.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,845	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,990	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,200	...	...	78.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,605	...	...	21.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,250	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,130	...	...	32.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,460	...	...	19.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,855	...	...	4.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,500	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	660	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,770	...	...	67.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,380	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	38,065	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.6	...	...	56.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	...	...	1,406	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	439,600	...	...	439,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	35.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,620	1,255	1,365	2.8	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,550	1,225	1,330	2.8	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,785	820	965	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis single ancestry	750	400	350	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,490	2,615	2,875	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,220	2,525	2,695	5.6	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,010	995	1,015	2.2	2.2	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,190	1,530	1,665	3.4	3.4	3.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	90	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	85	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,490	41,120	43,365	91.2	91.4	91.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,600	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	80,945	38,990	41,950	87.4	86.7	88.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,810	6,550	6,260	13.8	14.6	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,130	32,440	35,690	73.6	72.1	75.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,665	5,995	5,665	12.6	13.3	11.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,600	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	69,305	33,460	35,845	74.8	74.4	75.3
Immigrants⁸¹	18,090	8,710	9,375	19.5	19.4	19.7
Before 1980	4,230	1,920	2,305	4.6	4.3	4.8
1980 to 1990	1,500	810	690	1.6	1.8	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,670	810	865	1.8	1.8	1.8
2001 to 2010	3,110	1,475	1,635	3.4	3.3	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,585	3,695	3,890	8.2	8.2	8.2
2011 to 2015	2,820	1,295	1,530	3.0	2.9	3.2
2016 to 2021	4,765	2,400	2,355	5.1	5.3	4.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,205	2,815	2,395	5.6	6.3	5.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,090	8,710	9,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,885	985	900	10.4	11.3	9.6
5 to 14 years	3,185	1,645	1,545	17.6	18.9	16.5
15 to 24 years	3,410	1,630	1,785	18.9	18.7	19.0
25 to 44 years	8,160	3,750	4,410	45.1	43.1	47.0
45 years and over	1,440	695	740	8.0	8.0	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,090	8,710	9,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,880	1,395	1,485	15.9	16.0	15.8
Brazil	405	215	190	2.2	2.5	2.0
Colombia	135	70	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
El Salvador	150	75	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
Guyana	130	45	80	0.7	0.5	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	140	85	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Mexico	175	90	85	1.0	1.0	0.9
Peru	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	175	85	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
United States of America	775	355	425	4.3	4.1	4.5
Other places of birth in Americas	760	360	395	4.2	4.1	4.2
Europe	4,785	2,290	2,500	26.5	26.3	26.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Croatia	50	0	50	0.3	0.0	0.5
France	120	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Germany	385	190	200	2.1	2.2	2.1
Greece	240	115	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hungary	100	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
Italy	570	260	315	3.2	3.0	3.4
Netherlands	160	100	60	0.9	1.1	0.6
Poland	255	100	150	1.4	1.1	1.6
Portugal	125	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romania	130	75	55	0.7	0.9	0.6
Russian Federation	335	125	205	1.9	1.4	2.2
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	350	180	170	1.9	2.1	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,230	660	570	6.8	7.6	6.1
Other places of birth in Europe	575	235	340	3.2	2.7	3.6
Africa	1,905	1,005	895	10.5	11.5	9.5
Algeria	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	205	115	95	1.1	1.3	1.0
Eritrea	145	65	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ethiopia	160	80	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Morocco	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	570	340	230	3.2	3.9	2.5
Somalia	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	140	80	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	510	235	275	2.8	2.7	2.9
Asia	8,415	3,955	4,460	46.5	45.4	47.6
Afghanistan	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	320	170	155	1.8	2.0	1.7
Iraq	265	140	120	1.5	1.6	1.3
Lebanon	60	40	25	0.3	0.5	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,025	465	560	5.7	5.3	6.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	205	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	595	300	295	3.3	3.4	3.1
Taiwan	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	2,335	1,050	1,280	12.9	12.1	13.7
Viet Nam	190	80	105	1.1	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	120	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
India	1,600	800	805	8.8	9.2	8.6
Pakistan	370	160	210	2.0	1.8	2.2
Sri Lanka	140	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	880	370	505	4.9	4.2	5.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	115	70	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,765	2,405	2,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	795	470	325	16.7	19.5	13.8
Brazil	360	205	155	7.6	8.5	6.6
Colombia	65	35	25	1.4	1.5	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	35	20	1.3	1.5	0.8
Mexico	25	20	10	0.5	0.8	0.4
United States of America	80	60	20	1.7	2.5	0.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	210	115	100	4.4	4.8	4.2
Europe	500	220	280	10.5	9.1	11.9
France	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
Russian Federation	90	40	55	1.9	1.7	2.3
Ukraine	115	50	60	2.4	2.1	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	50	45	2.1	2.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	60	75	2.8	2.5	3.2
Africa	640	350	290	13.4	14.6	12.3
Algeria	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	100	55	45	2.1	2.3	1.9
Eritrea	70	40	35	1.5	1.7	1.5
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	300	175	125	6.3	7.3	5.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	45	2.0	2.1	1.9
Asia	2,810	1,355	1,460	59.0	56.3	61.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	75	30	45	1.6	1.2	1.9
China⁹⁰	500	205	290	10.5	8.5	12.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.3
India	785	375	405	16.5	15.6	17.2
Iran⁸⁸	90	40	45	1.9	1.7	1.9
Iraq	190	100	90	4.0	4.2	3.8
Israel	110	55	50	2.3	2.3	2.1
Japan	30	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	145	75	70	3.0	3.1	3.0
Lebanon	35	20	10	0.7	0.8	0.4
Nepal	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Pakistan	90	55	35	1.9	2.3	1.5
Philippines	420	215	205	8.8	8.9	8.7
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	20	1.3	1.5	0.8
Turkey	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United Arab Emirates	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	70	20	45	1.5	0.8	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	90	40	50	1.9	1.7	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,605	44,990	47,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,330	12,050	12,280	26.3	26.8	25.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,930	8,065	8,865	18.3	17.9	18.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	51,340	24,875	26,470	55.4	55.3	55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,860	6,790	7,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,335	4,555	4,780	67.4	67.1	67.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,005	2,165	1,840	28.9	31.9	26.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,320	2,390	2,935	38.4	35.2	41.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,655	1,315	1,340	19.2	19.4	19.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,845	915	925	13.3	13.5	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,860	6,790	7,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	75	110	1.3	1.1	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,490	680	815	10.8	10.0	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	570	295	275	4.1	4.3	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,300	690	610	9.4	10.2	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,260	5,035	5,225	74.0	74.2	73.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	21,525	10,850	10,675	23.2	24.1	22.4
South Asian	5,815	3,065	2,750	6.3	6.8	5.8
Chinese	2,840	1,345	1,490	3.1	3.0	3.1
Black	3,495	1,860	1,640	3.8	4.1	3.4
Filipino	3,365	1,540	1,825	3.6	3.4	3.8
Arab	745	455	285	0.8	1.0	0.6
Latin American	1,360	680	685	1.5	1.5	1.4
Southeast Asian	690	315	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
West Asian	860	460	395	0.9	1.0	0.8
Korean	825	400	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Japanese	325	150	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	405	180	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	800	390	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	71,080	34,140	36,940	76.8	75.9	77.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,395	3,155	3,240	6.9	7.0	6.8
English	18,130	8,750	9,385	19.6	19.4	19.7
Irish	13,795	6,445	7,350	14.9	14.3	15.4
Scottish	17,155	8,310	8,845	18.5	18.5	18.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,465	3,945	4,520	9.1	8.8	9.5
German	12,375	5,870	6,500	13.4	13.0	13.7
Chinese	3,045	1,445	1,600	3.3	3.2	3.4
Italian	3,250	1,610	1,640	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indian (India)	3,400	1,790	1,610	3.7	4.0	3.4
Ukrainian	11,165	5,130	6,030	12.1	11.4	12.7
Dutch	3,020	1,405	1,610	3.3	3.1	3.4
Polish	6,355	2,925	3,430	6.9	6.5	7.2
Québécois	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,170	1,480	1,685	3.4	3.3	3.5
Filipino	3,435	1,580	1,850	3.7	3.5	3.9
French Canadian	905	415	490	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	965	450	515	1.0	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,545	740	810	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis	4,280	2,050	2,230	4.6	4.6	4.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,565	755	805	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	4,450	2,115	2,335	4.8	4.7	4.9
Norwegian	1,850	815	1,040	2.0	1.8	2.2
Welsh	1,640	810	825	1.8	1.8	1.7
Portuguese	925	445	480	1.0	1.0	1.0
American	770	340	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
Spanish	890	420	460	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	2,230	1,060	1,165	2.4	2.4	2.4
Hungarian	1,040	535	500	1.1	1.2	1.1
Acadian	145	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	505	260	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	355	310	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	4,530	2,235	2,300	4.9	5.0	4.8
Punjabi	700	375	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	440	195	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	875	435	435	0.9	1.0	0.9
Jamaican	320	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	525	275	250	0.6	0.6	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	955	370	580	1.0	0.8	1.2
Korean	850	405	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	760	345	415	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	395	210	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	275	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Danish	700	275	420	0.8	0.6	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	400	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	435	225	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austrian	1,085	495	595	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belgian	1,180	535	650	1.3	1.2	1.4
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	445	255	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexican	340	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	2,950	1,530	1,420	3.2	3.4	3.0
Swiss	445	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	375	140	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	190	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Croatian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	425	215	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	290	125	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	235	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	310	130	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	2,860	1,385	1,475	3.1	3.1	3.1
Colombian	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	480	250	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syrian	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	645	340	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Newfoundlander	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	260	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	220	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	325	180	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	505	255	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigerian	500	270	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Armenian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	515	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Somali	150	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	225	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
South African	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chilean	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	400	250	155	0.4	0.6	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	165	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
African Canadian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mohawk	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burundian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	460	220	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Flemish	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,605	44,990	47,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	640	335	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Christian	40,830	18,210	22,620	44.1	40.5	47.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,450	3,580	3,870	8.0	8.0	8.1
Anabaptist	1,800	810	990	1.9	1.8	2.1
Anglican	3,385	1,485	1,905	3.7	3.3	4.0
Baptist	885	405	475	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catholic	15,090	6,670	8,420	16.3	14.8	17.7
Christian Orthodox	1,745	770	980	1.9	1.7	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,690	750	940	1.8	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	770	335	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	600	265	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,800	1,905	2,900	5.2	4.2	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,055	980	1,070	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hindu	2,170	1,175	1,000	2.3	2.6	2.1
Jewish	5,920	2,885	3,025	6.4	6.4	6.4
Muslim	2,485	1,350	1,135	2.7	3.0	2.4
Sikh	1,640	825	815	1.8	1.8	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	235	110	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	405	520	1.0	0.9	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	37,765	19,700	18,065	40.8	43.8	37.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,855	44,560	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,925	37,685	40,240	84.8	84.6	85.1
Movers	13,935	6,870	7,060	15.2	15.4	14.9
Non-migrants	10,585	5,165	5,415	11.5	11.6	11.4
Migrants	3,350	1,705	1,645	3.6	3.8	3.5
Internal migrants	2,235	1,150	1,090	2.4	2.6	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	735	335	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	815	700	1.6	1.8	1.5
External migrants	1,110	560	550	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,820	43,130	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,610	24,245	26,370	57.0	56.2	57.7
Movers	38,210	18,885	19,320	43.0	43.8	42.3
Non-migrants	23,760	11,555	12,210	26.8	26.8	26.7
Migrants	14,440	7,335	7,110	16.3	17.0	15.6
Internal migrants	6,765	3,325	3,445	7.6	7.7	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,165	1,555	1,610	3.6	3.6	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,605	1,770	1,830	4.1	4.1	4.0
External migrants	7,675	4,010	3,665	8.6	9.3	8.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,455	4,265	4,190	10.5	11.0	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,160	34,555	37,600	89.5	89.0	90.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,465	24,850	25,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,735	1,575	1,160	5.4	6.3	4.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,730	23,275	24,455	94.6	93.7	95.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,610	3,880	3,730	9.4	10.0	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,045	10,165	9,885	24.9	26.2	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,960	24,780	28,170	65.7	63.8	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,165	8,800	9,360	22.5	22.7	22.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,305	2,225	1,085	4.1	5.7	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,765	1,030	730	2.2	2.7	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,545	1,185	355	1.9	3.1	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,585	5,610	6,975	15.6	14.4	16.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,270	970	1,300	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,795	15,980	18,810	43.2	41.2	45.0
Bachelor's degree	21,855	9,565	12,295	27.1	24.6	29.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,165	1,385	3.2	3.0	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,675	1,045	625	2.1	2.7	1.5
Master's degree	6,945	3,165	3,780	8.6	8.2	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,775	1,045	725	2.2	2.7	1.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,465	24,845	25,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,350	1,395	960	4.7	5.6	3.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,945	5,550	4,390	19.7	22.3	17.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,170	17,905	20,270	75.6	72.1	79.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,960	5,955	6,005	23.7	24.0	23.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,165	1,495	670	4.3	6.0	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,165	705	455	2.3	2.8	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,000	790	210	2.0	3.2	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,410	3,860	4,550	16.7	15.5	17.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,390	605	785	2.8	2.4	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,215	11,945	14,265	51.9	48.1	55.7
Bachelor's degree	16,550	7,385	9,170	32.8	29.7	35.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,725	785	945	3.4	3.2	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,250	700	545	2.5	2.8	2.1
Master's degree	5,430	2,385	3,040	10.8	9.6	11.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,245	685	560	2.5	2.8	2.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,655	14,040	13,615	34.3	36.2	32.6
Education	4,740	1,360	3,380	5.9	3.5	8.1
13. Education	4,740	1,360	3,380	5.9	3.5	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,100	895	1,210	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	125	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,950	765	1,185	2.4	2.0	2.8
Humanities	3,630	1,395	2,235	4.5	3.6	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	75	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	935	260	675	1.2	0.7	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035	385	655	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	315	175	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	365	200	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
54. History	485	255	230	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	15	130	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,190	3,165	5,025	10.2	8.2	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	15	175	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	825	385	440	1.0	1.0	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	95	925	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,460	690	770	1.8	1.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,575	430	1,150	2.0	1.1	2.8
45. Social sciences	2,870	1,470	1,405	3.6	3.8	3.4
Business, management and public administration	11,095	5,270	5,820	13.8	13.6	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,075	260	820	1.3	0.7	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,000	5,005	4,995	12.4	12.9	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,720	1,350	1,370	3.4	3.5	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,285	595	690	1.6	1.5	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	780	365	410	1.0	0.9	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	465	335	130	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,500	1,665	840	3.1	4.3	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,900	1,400	500	2.4	3.6	1.2
25. Library science	215	45	170	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	205	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,835	5,820	1,015	8.5	15.0	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	690	390	295	0.9	1.0	0.7
14. Engineering	2,390	1,950	440	3.0	5.0	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,435	1,240	195	1.8	3.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	965	920	40	1.2	2.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	935	915	25	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	420	395	25	0.5	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,125	585	540	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	400	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	395	185	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	8,250	2,495	5,755	10.2	6.4	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	540	240	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,015	1,855	5,160	8.7	4.8	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	655	385	270	0.8	1.0	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,745	775	965	2.2	2.0	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	325	865	1.5	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	250	175	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	245	30	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,465	24,850	25,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,295	6,950	5,350	24.4	28.0	20.9
Education	3,005	875	2,130	6.0	3.5	8.3
13. Education	3,005	875	2,130	6.0	3.5	8.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,610	690	925	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,495	590	905	3.0	2.4	3.5
Humanities	2,445	915	1,530	4.8	3.7	6.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	60	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	690	200	495	1.4	0.8	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640	210	440	1.3	0.8	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	245	130	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	300	180	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	15	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,060	2,245	3,820	12.0	9.0	14.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	15	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	670	315	355	1.3	1.3	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	765	70	695	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	500	640	2.2	2.0	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195	60	140	0.4	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	1,080	275	805	2.1	1.1	3.1
45. Social sciences	2,050	1,010	1,045	4.1	4.1	4.1
Business, management and public administration	7,995	3,850	4,145	15.8	15.5	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	150	540	1.4	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,305	3,695	3,605	14.5	14.9	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,935	935	1,000	3.8	3.8	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	965	455	510	1.9	1.8	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	205	285	1.0	0.8	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
40. Physical sciences	345	235	110	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,895	1,285	610	3.8	5.2	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	1,095	395	3.0	4.4	1.5
25. Library science	110	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	270	140	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,025	4,190	835	10.0	16.9	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	515	270	245	1.0	1.1	1.0
14. Engineering	1,945	1,575	370	3.9	6.3	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	965	825	140	1.9	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	700	665	35	1.4	2.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	575	555	20	1.1	2.2	0.1
48. Precision production	320	300	25	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	425	460	1.7	1.7	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	260	275	1.1	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	165	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Health and related fields	6,070	1,910	4,160	12.0	7.7	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	200	235	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,140	1,450	3,685	10.2	5.8	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	255	220	0.9	1.0	0.9
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,230	590	640	2.4	2.4	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	795	245	560	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	145	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	185	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,465	24,850	25,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,295	6,950	5,350	24.4	28.0	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,170	17,905	20,265	75.6	72.1	79.1
Location of study inside Canada	30,710	14,380	16,325	60.9	57.9	63.7
Same as province or territory of residence	25,600	11,880	13,720	50.7	47.8	53.6
Different than province or territory of residence	5,105	2,500	2,605	10.1	10.1	10.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,460	3,520	3,945	14.8	14.2	15.4
Americas	1,955	945	1,010	3.9	3.8	3.9
United States of America	1,085	545	540	2.2	2.2	2.1
Mexico	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	365	175	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	290	135	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Europe	1,235	635	600	2.4	2.6	2.3
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	130	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	440	245	200	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	505	260	245	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	280	130	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	3,635	1,620	2,010	7.2	6.5	7.8
Iran⁸⁸	170	95	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraq	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Israel	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	525	215	310	1.0	0.9	1.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japan	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	265	120	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Philippines	960	380	585	1.9	1.5	2.3
Viet Nam	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	940	475	460	1.9	1.9	1.8
Pakistan	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	135	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,615	38,825	41,790	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,145	28,045	26,100	...	...	...
Employed	49,735	25,810	23,925	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,400	2,235	2,170	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,470	10,780	15,690	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.2	72.2	62.5	67.2	72.2	62.5
Employment rate	61.7	66.5	57.3	61.7	66.5	57.3
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.0	8.3	8.1	8.0	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,615	38,825	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,550	11,080	15,465	32.9	28.5	37.0
Worked	54,065	27,740	26,325	67.1	71.4	63.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,155	16,260	12,890	36.2	41.9	30.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,910	11,480	13,430	30.9	29.6	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.4	40.7	41.6	42.4	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,140	28,045	26,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	475	595	2.0	1.7	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,075	27,570	25,505	98.0	98.3	97.7
Employee	45,625	22,895	22,725	84.3	81.6	87.1
Permanent position	37,590	19,255	18,340	69.4	68.7	70.3
Temporary position	8,030	3,640	4,390	14.8	13.0	16.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,880	1,155	1,725	5.3	4.1	6.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,150	2,490	2,660	9.5	8.9	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,455	4,675	2,780	13.8	16.7	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,140	28,045	26,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	475	595	2.0	1.7	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,075	27,570	25,505	98.0	98.3	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	835	600	235	1.5	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,735	3,940	5,795	18.0	14.0	22.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,730	3,465	1,260	8.7	12.4	4.8
3 Health occupations	5,460	1,890	3,575	10.1	6.7	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,545	3,635	5,910	17.6	13.0	22.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,425	1,065	1,365	4.5	3.8	5.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,075	6,545	6,530	24.2	23.3	25.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,555	5,095	460	10.3	18.2	1.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	545	450	95	1.0	1.6	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,180	900	285	2.2	3.2	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,140	28,045	26,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	475	595	2.0	1.7	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	53,075	27,570	25,505	98.0	98.3	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	305	190	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	455	335	120	0.8	1.2	0.5
23 Construction	2,610	2,280	335	4.8	8.1	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	2,720	1,960	755	5.0	7.0	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,420	1,020	400	2.6	3.6	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,525	2,725	2,805	10.2	9.7	10.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,445	1,870	575	4.5	6.7	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	1,425	890	530	2.6	3.2	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	2,895	1,530	1,365	5.3	5.5	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,050	705	345	1.9	2.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,915	2,865	2,050	9.1	10.2	7.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,250	1,305	940	4.2	4.7	3.6
61 Educational services	6,025	2,115	3,915	11.1	7.5	15.0
62 Health care and social assistance	8,105	2,545	5,555	15.0	9.1	21.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,380	685	695	2.5	2.4	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,365	1,610	1,755	6.2	5.7	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,280	945	1,330	4.2	3.4	5.1
91 Public administration	3,745	1,880	1,865	6.9	6.7	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,590	29,490	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,530	28,170	26,355	94.7	95.5	93.8
French	200	50	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	1,405	550	860	2.4	1.9	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,245	630	615	2.2	2.1	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,590	29,490	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,155	29,310	27,845	99.2	99.4	99.1
Official languages	56,800	29,165	27,635	98.6	98.9	98.3
English	56,350	29,060	27,295	97.8	98.5	97.1
French	450	110	340	0.8	0.4	1.2
Non-official languages	355	145	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	135	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	145	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	435	180	255	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and French	200	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	225	115	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,590	29,490	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,230	28,440	26,795	95.9	96.4	95.4
English	435	130	315	0.8	0.4	1.1
French	985	430	555	1.7	1.5	2.0
Non-official language	830	440	385	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	795	415	380	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,740	25,810	23,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,835	6,245	6,590	25.8	24.2	27.5
Worked outside Canada	135	90	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,610	3,375	1,235	9.3	13.1	5.2
Usual place of work	32,160	16,090	16,065	64.7	62.3	67.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,160	16,090	16,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,410	14,965	15,445	94.6	93.0	96.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	105	85	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,500	955	545	4.7	5.9	3.4
Commute to a different province or territory	150	95	55	0.5	0.6	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,770	19,470	17,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,685	15,610	13,070	78.0	80.2	75.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,155	14,715	11,445	71.1	75.6	66.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,525	895	1,630	6.9	4.6	9.4
Public transit	3,780	1,670	2,110	10.3	8.6	12.2
Walked	2,470	1,125	1,345	6.7	5.8	7.8
Bicycle	955	655	295	2.6	3.4	1.7
Other method	885	410	475	2.4	2.1	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,770	19,470	17,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,130	5,360	5,770	30.3	27.5	33.4
15 to 29 minutes	18,125	9,780	8,350	49.3	50.2	48.3
30 to 44 minutes	5,210	3,050	2,165	14.2	15.7	12.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,270	690	580	3.5	3.5	3.4
60 minutes and over	1,035	595	435	2.8	3.1	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,770	19,470	17,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,145	760	385	3.1	3.9	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,495	2,960	1,530	12.2	15.2	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,280	5,490	4,785	28.0	28.2	27.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,550	4,560	4,985	26.0	23.4	28.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,780	2,685	3,095	15.7	13.8	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,525	3,015	2,510	15.0	15.5	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,790	7,570	7,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,705	835	870	11.5	11.0	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,085	6,740	6,345	88.5	89.0	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,800	5,510	5,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,250	595	655	11.6	10.8	12.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	680	315	370	6.3	5.7	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	285	280	5.3	5.2	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,555	4,915	4,635	88.5	89.2	87.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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