Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cypress Hills--GrasslandsMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	68,314	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	68,353	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.1	...	...	- 0.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	33,312	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,666	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	75,611.48	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	68,310	34,300	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,395	6,385	6,000	18.1	18.6	17.6
0 to 4 years	3,870	2,020	1,855	5.7	5.9	5.5
5 to 9 years	4,335	2,235	2,100	6.3	6.5	6.2
10 to 14 years	4,190	2,135	2,050	6.1	6.2	6.0
15 to 64 years	40,635	20,475	20,160	59.5	59.7	59.3
15 to 19 years	3,805	1,960	1,850	5.6	5.7	5.4
20 to 24 years	3,280	1,705	1,575	4.8	5.0	4.6
25 to 29 years	3,600	1,820	1,780	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	4,020	2,005	2,010	5.9	5.8	5.9
35 to 39 years	4,190	2,050	2,135	6.1	6.0	6.3
40 to 44 years	3,810	1,965	1,850	5.6	5.7	5.4
45 to 49 years	3,535	1,800	1,740	5.2	5.2	5.1
50 to 54 years	3,705	1,780	1,920	5.4	5.2	5.6
55 to 59 years	5,085	2,535	2,545	7.4	7.4	7.5
60 to 64 years	5,615	2,865	2,750	8.2	8.4	8.1
65 years and over	15,285	7,435	7,850	22.4	21.7	23.1
65 to 69 years	4,970	2,565	2,405	7.3	7.5	7.1
70 to 74 years	3,730	1,900	1,830	5.5	5.5	5.4
75 to 79 years	2,550	1,255	1,295	3.7	3.7	3.8
80 to 84 years	1,775	835	940	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	2,260	885	1,375	3.3	2.6	4.0
85 to 89 years	1,260	545	715	1.8	1.6	2.1
90 to 94 years	725	260	460	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	235	70	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.1	18.6	17.6	18.1	18.6	17.6
15 to 64 years	59.5	59.7	59.3	59.5	59.7	59.3
65 years and over	22.4	21.7	23.1	22.4	21.7	23.1
85 years and over	3.3	2.6	4.0	3.3	2.6	4.0
Average age of the population	43.1	42.4	43.7	43.1	42.4	43.7
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,695	...	...	82.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	665	...	...	2.4	...	...
Row house	680	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,040	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,080	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,750	...	...	31.6	...	...
2 persons	10,875	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	2,860	...	...	10.3	...	...
4 persons	3,145	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,035	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	62,850	31,845	31,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,920	27,910	28,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,585	17,845	17,745	63.6	63.9	63.4
Married	31,125	15,615	15,510	55.7	55.9	55.4
Living common-law	4,455	2,225	2,235	8.0	8.0	8.0
Living common law - Never married	3,045	1,535	1,515	5.4	5.5	5.4
Living common law - Separated	175	100	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,075	525	550	1.9	1.9	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	20,340	10,070	10,265	36.4	36.1	36.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,405	7,135	5,265	22.2	25.6	18.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,075	510	570	1.9	1.8	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,960	1,470	1,495	5.3	5.3	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,890	950	2,940	7.0	3.4	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,740	...	...	58.4	...	...
3 persons	2,765	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	3,070	...	...	16.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,815	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,580	...	...	90.2	...	...
Married couples	14,345	...	...	78.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,080	...	...	33.1	...	...
Without children	8,270	...	...	45.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,230	...	...	12.1	...	...
With children⁶	840	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	1,385	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,815	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,365	...	...	7.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	445	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	62,850	31,845	31,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	51,940	25,995	25,945	82.6	81.6	83.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,155	16,570	16,580	52.8	52.0	53.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,810	450	1,365	2.9	1.4	4.4
Children⁶	16,975	8,980	7,995	27.0	28.2	25.8
In a two-parent family	14,090	7,405	6,685	22.4	23.3	21.6
In a one-parent family	2,880	1,575	1,310	4.6	4.9	4.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,910	5,850	5,060	17.4	18.4	16.3
Living alone	8,750	4,635	4,115	13.9	14.6	13.3
Living with other relatives⁷	760	395	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,395	820	580	2.2	2.6	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,540	...	...	63.4	...	...
Couple-family households	16,005	...	...	57.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,630	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	9,375	...	...	33.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,530	...	...	5.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	200	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	410	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	700	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	8,750	...	...	31.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	51,465	25,970	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,070	25,320	24,750	97.3	97.5	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	36,800	41,600	47,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,100	25,330	24,765	97.3	97.5	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	34,000	37,600	42,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,835	24,010	22,825	91.0	92.5	89.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	28,600	34,400	41,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,505	20,410	18,090	74.8	78.6	70.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,000	26,400	30,400	36,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,865	21,790	22,075	85.2	83.9	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,750	10,000	8,800	6,750	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,980	2,090	1,890	7.7	8.0	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,600	5,720	5,680	5,600	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,210	4,340	4,870	17.9	16.7	19.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	51,345	25,890	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,075	25,345	24,725	97.5	97.9	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	55,850	42,800	49,400	55,850	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,115	25,370	24,740	97.6	98.0	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	45,920	37,520	41,760	45,920	37,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,640	24,015	22,625	90.8	92.8	88.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	50,440	36,040	43,440	50,440	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,440	20,495	17,950	74.9	79.2	70.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,360	44,840	33,160	39,360	44,840	33,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,810	21,820	21,990	85.3	84.3	86.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,190	9,380	11,000	10,190	9,380	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,035	2,205	1,825	7.9	8.5	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,200	7,710	6,880	6,200	7,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,400	4,600	4,800	18.3	17.8	18.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,560	8,660	8,460	8,560	8,660	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	51,345	25,890	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,285	10,980	7,310	35.6	42.4	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	52,800	46,400	50,000	52,800	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,150	59,550	51,080	56,150	59,550	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,625	6,850	7,770	28.5	26.5	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,000	18,000	20,000	23,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	32,120	23,560	27,600	32,120	23,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	85.6	77.2	82.0	85.6	77.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.2	64.8	56.3	61.2	64.8	56.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	14.4	22.9	18.0	14.4	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	5.0	4.0	3.3	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.8	3.8	3.3	2.8	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	51,470	25,965	25,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,395	645	750	2.7	2.5	2.9
With total income	50,070	25,320	24,755	97.3	97.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,120	1,920	2,195	8.2	7.6	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,900	2,520	3,385	11.8	10.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,475	3,220	4,260	14.9	12.7	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,550	2,875	3,675	13.1	11.4	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,335	2,985	3,350	12.7	11.8	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,030	2,560	2,475	10.0	10.1	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800	2,225	1,575	7.6	8.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,780	1,665	1,115	5.6	6.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	1,365	830	4.4	5.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	905	650	3.1	3.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,325	3,080	1,250	8.6	12.2	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	3,140	2,135	1,005	6.3	8.4	4.1
$150,000 and over	1,185	945	240	2.4	3.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	51,470	25,965	25,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,370	635	735	2.7	2.4	2.9
With after-tax income	50,100	25,335	24,765	97.3	97.6	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,385	2,055	2,335	8.8	8.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,135	2,610	3,520	12.2	10.3	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	8,440	3,680	4,760	16.8	14.5	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,955	3,615	4,335	15.9	14.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,275	3,600	3,675	14.5	14.2	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,365	3,055	2,310	10.7	12.1	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,570	2,135	1,440	7.1	8.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,450	1,460	995	4.9	5.8	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,585	965	625	3.2	3.8	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	930	645	285	1.9	2.5	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,000	1,510	485	4.0	6.0	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,140	855	285	2.3	3.4	1.2
$125,000 and over	860	660	205	1.7	2.6	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	51,470	25,965	25,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,965	5,555	7,410	25.2	21.4	29.1
With employment income	38,505	20,410	18,095	74.8	78.6	71.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,675	3,390	3,285	17.3	16.6	18.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,165	1,500	1,665	8.2	7.3	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,080	2,395	2,685	13.2	11.7	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,045	1,835	2,215	10.5	9.0	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,820	1,740	2,075	9.9	8.5	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,685	1,845	1,835	9.6	9.0	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,845	1,630	1,215	7.4	8.0	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,315	1,415	900	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,630	1,035	595	4.2	5.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	905	575	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,015	610	410	2.6	3.0	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,745	2,110	635	7.1	10.3	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	1,015	435	3.8	5.0	2.4
$125,000 and over	1,295	1,090	200	3.4	5.3	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	51,465	25,970	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,040	24,740	24,305	95.3	95.3	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	34,800	40,400	46,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,055	24,740	24,315	95.3	95.3	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400	36,800	41,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,130	23,525	22,605	89.6	90.6	88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	29,400	35,600	43,200	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,235	20,145	18,090	74.3	77.6	70.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	27,600	32,000	38,400	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,830	20,895	20,940	81.3	80.5	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	1,800	6,900	4,720	1,800	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,365	1,695	1,670	6.5	6.5	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,880	6,040	5,920	5,880	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	51,345	25,890	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,045	24,830	24,215	95.5	95.9	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	55,350	41,160	48,320	55,350	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,060	24,830	24,230	95.5	95.9	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,040	45,880	36,040	41,040	45,880	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,010	23,575	22,435	89.6	91.1	88.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,440	52,050	36,440	44,440	52,050	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,120	20,205	17,910	74.2	78.0	70.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,720	46,840	33,840	40,720	46,840	33,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,770	20,935	20,835	81.4	80.9	81.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,820	7,060	8,590	7,820	7,060	8,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,430	1,825	1,605	6.7	7.0	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,990	7,390	8,680	7,990	7,390	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	51,345	25,890	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,125	10,875	7,250	35.3	42.0	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	51,600	43,600	48,000	51,600	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,800	59,000	48,480	54,800	59,000	48,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,905	6,440	7,460	27.1	24.9	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	28,000	21,400	24,200	28,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,080	38,120	26,840	32,080	38,120	26,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.2	82.0	86.2	89.2	82.0
Employment income (%)	65.4	68.8	60.8	65.4	68.8	60.8
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.7	18.0	13.8	10.7	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,160	...	...	48,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,325	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,035	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,175	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,255	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,020	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,585	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,380	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,205	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,415	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,585	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,420	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,160	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,245	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,375	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,335	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,585	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,160	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,080	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,735	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,205	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,210	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,895	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,100	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,145	5,455	4,695	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	41,600	36,400	39,200	41,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,300	...	...	67,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,650	...	...	60,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,165	5,470	4,695	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,680	49,680	43,160	46,680	49,680	43,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,880	41,440	38,080	39,880	41,440	38,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	62,845	31,845	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,585	6,990	6,595	21.6	22.0	21.3
0 to 5 years	4,255	2,235	2,020	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	35,655	18,065	17,590	56.7	56.7	56.7
65 years and over	13,610	6,790	6,820	21.7	21.3	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,340	4,100	4,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,880	925	955	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	645	325	325	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,170	2,155	2,015	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,295	1,020	1,275	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.9	13.7	13.3	12.9	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.8	13.2	14.5	13.8	13.2	14.5
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	14.4	16.1	15.2	14.4	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.9	11.4	11.7	11.9	11.4
65 years and over (%)	16.9	15.0	18.7	16.9	15.0	18.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	62,700	31,775	30,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,530	6,965	6,565	21.6	21.9	21.2
0 to 5 years	4,235	2,225	2,010	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	35,580	18,030	17,550	56.7	56.7	56.8
65 years and over	13,585	6,775	6,810	21.7	21.3	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,150	1,180	965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	425	195	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	55	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,445	830	615	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	160	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	2.8	3.5	3.1	2.8	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	2.5	3.8	3.1	2.5	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.6	3.5	4.1	4.6	3.5
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.3	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	62,845	31,845	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	35,220	17,560	17,660	56.0	55.1	57.0
In bottom decile	6,840	3,415	3,430	10.9	10.7	11.1
In second decile	7,370	3,570	3,800	11.7	11.2	12.3
In third decile	7,040	3,470	3,565	11.2	10.9	11.5
In fourth decile	7,025	3,590	3,440	11.2	11.3	11.1
In fifth decile	6,945	3,515	3,425	11.1	11.0	11.0
In top half of the distribution	27,625	14,280	13,345	44.0	44.8	43.0
In sixth decile	6,435	3,330	3,105	10.2	10.5	10.0
In seventh decile	5,995	3,075	2,915	9.5	9.7	9.4
In eighth decile	5,825	3,005	2,820	9.3	9.4	9.1
In ninth decile	5,400	2,805	2,595	8.6	8.8	8.4
In top decile	3,975	2,070	1,905	6.3	6.5	6.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	62,850	...	...	62,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.417	...	...	0.417	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	64,360	32,595	31,765	95.5	96.0	95.0
French only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,605	1,180	1,425	3.9	3.5	4.3
Neither English nor French	410	180	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,990	33,295	32,690	97.9	98.0	97.8
French	970	475	500	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	390	170	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,070	33,310	32,760	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	57,480	29,110	28,375	85.3	85.7	84.9
English	56,385	28,575	27,810	83.7	84.1	83.2
French	1,100	535	565	1.6	1.6	1.7
Non-official languages	8,590	4,205	4,380	12.7	12.4	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,520	4,180	4,340	12.6	12.3	13.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,460	680	780	2.2	2.0	2.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,240	595	650	1.8	1.8	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,375	3,145	3,230	9.5	9.3	9.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	110	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	110	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,480	2,690	2,790	8.1	7.9	8.3
Frisian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,755	2,345	2,410	7.1	6.9	7.2
German	4,750	2,340	2,410	7.0	6.9	7.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	680	325	355	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	340	165	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	205	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	345	200	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,330	650	675	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	520	525	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,220	29,475	28,745	86.4	86.8	86.0
French	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	3,970	1,925	2,045	5.9	5.7	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,955	1,920	2,035	5.9	5.7	6.1
English and French	380	170	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,465	2,230	2,240	6.6	6.6	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,310	33,400	32,910	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	60,155	30,390	29,760	89.3	89.5	89.0
English	59,920	30,285	29,635	88.9	89.2	88.6
French	230	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	6,155	3,005	3,150	9.1	8.8	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,130	2,995	3,135	9.1	8.8	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	885	415	465	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	375	405	1.2	1.1	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,790	2,350	2,440	7.1	6.9	7.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,275	2,075	2,200	6.3	6.1	6.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,010	1,940	2,065	5.9	5.7	6.2
German	4,010	1,940	2,065	5.9	5.7	6.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	165	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	275	160	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	175	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,085	565	520	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,005	520	485	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	67,400	33,965	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,315	31,975	31,345	93.9	94.1	93.7
English	1,990	990	1,000	3.0	2.9	3.0
French	270	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	1,535	745	790	2.3	2.2	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,500	730	765	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	62,735	31,870	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	62,545	31,775	30,770	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	62,510	31,760	30,755	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	2,640	1,255	1,380	4.2	3.9	4.5
Non-official languages	6,745	3,355	3,390	10.8	10.5	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	195	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	175	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	175	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	175	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	140	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,570	3,285	3,285	10.5	10.3	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,960	955	995	3.1	3.0	3.2
Bikol	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,900	915	985	3.0	2.9	3.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,720	1,865	1,855	5.9	5.9	6.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	135	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	300	130	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,350	1,185	1,165	3.7	3.7	3.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,670	870	800	2.7	2.7	2.6
German	1,665	870	800	2.7	2.7	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	805	375	425	1.3	1.2	1.4
Afrikaans	260	115	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dutch	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	385	205	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	520	280	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	505	270	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	110	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	620	335	290	1.0	1.1	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	550	305	250	0.9	1.0	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	195	230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	365	160	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,740	31,875	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,420	1,580	1,840	5.5	5.0	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,275	1,535	1,740	5.2	4.8	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,075	525	550	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	2,180	1,005	1,175	3.5	3.2	3.8
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	59,320	30,295	29,030	94.5	95.0	94.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,740	31,875	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	860	395	460	1.4	1.2	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,880	31,480	30,405	98.6	98.8	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,940	...	...	79.5	...	...
Renter	5,600	...	...	20.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,375	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not condominium	26,225	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,165	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,725	...	...	20.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,025	...	...	32.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,605	...	...	38.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,955	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 rooms	3,785	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,150	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,820	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,890	...	...	39.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,280	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	315	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	26,990	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	605	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,050	...	...	32.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,910	...	...	35.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,610	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,615	...	...	5.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	565	...	...	2.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	930	...	...	3.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,125	...	...	4.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	780	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,240	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,360	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,085	...	...	54.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,935	...	...	43.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	575	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,050	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,565	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,185	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,790	...	...	13.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,970	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,145	...	...	18.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,795	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,090	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,720	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,210	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,950	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,760	...	...	20.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,855	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	510	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,975	...	...	7.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,840	...	...	79.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,515	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not in core need	21,155	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,610	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.0	...	...	49.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	735	...	...	735	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	983	...	...	983	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,800	...	...	240,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,455	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.8	...	...	25.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	858	...	...	858	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	168	...	...	168	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	190	...	...	190	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	62,740	31,875	30,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,015	485	530	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	965	445	515	1.5	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	525	255	270	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	430	195	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,835	1,340	1,500	4.5	4.2	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,760	1,325	1,435	4.4	4.2	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,295	630	670	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,460	695	770	2.3	2.2	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,885	30,050	28,835	93.9	94.3	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	62,740	31,870	30,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,665	30,340	29,335	95.1	95.2	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,910	6,680	6,230	20.6	21.0	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,755	23,655	23,100	74.5	74.2	74.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,070	1,535	1,535	4.9	4.8	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	62,740	31,870	30,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,180	29,205	27,975	91.1	91.6	90.6
Immigrants⁸¹	5,025	2,355	2,665	8.0	7.4	8.6
Before 1980	700	265	430	1.1	0.8	1.4
1980 to 1990	250	105	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
1991 to 2000	230	75	160	0.4	0.2	0.5
2001 to 2010	995	535	465	1.6	1.7	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,840	1,380	1,460	4.5	4.3	4.7
2011 to 2015	1,115	540	575	1.8	1.7	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,725	840	890	2.7	2.6	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	540	315	225	0.9	1.0	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,020	2,355	2,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	460	200	260	9.2	8.5	9.8
5 to 14 years	1,180	590	585	23.5	25.1	22.0
15 to 24 years	685	300	380	13.6	12.7	14.3
25 to 44 years	2,305	1,035	1,270	45.9	43.9	47.7
45 years and over	390	230	160	7.8	9.8	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,020	2,355	2,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,030	470	565	20.5	20.0	21.2
Brazil	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	75	35	40	1.5	1.5	1.5
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	455	235	220	9.1	10.0	8.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	340	120	225	6.8	5.1	8.4
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	55	2.4	2.5	2.1
Europe	880	375	500	17.5	15.9	18.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	120	45	75	2.4	1.9	2.8
Greece	35	20	10	0.7	0.8	0.4
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	85	20	65	1.7	0.8	2.4
Poland	50	25	25	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	40	1.4	1.5	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	170	200	7.4	7.2	7.5
Other places of birth in Europe	105	50	60	2.1	2.1	2.3
Africa	435	220	210	8.7	9.3	7.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	245	110	135	4.9	4.7	5.1
Other places of birth in Africa	110	75	40	2.2	3.2	1.5
Asia	2,625	1,260	1,370	52.3	53.5	51.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	60	100	3.2	2.5	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,855	885	975	37.0	37.6	36.6
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.8	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
India	315	150	165	6.3	6.4	6.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	60	40	2.1	2.5	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	30	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,720	835	890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	145	125	15.7	17.4	14.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	185	115	70	10.8	13.8	7.9
United States of America	45	15	30	2.6	1.8	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	1.2	1.8	1.1
Europe	165	75	90	9.6	9.0	10.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	55	25	35	3.2	3.0	3.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	30	30	3.8	3.6	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	1.5	1.8	1.1
Africa	250	115	140	14.5	13.8	15.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	180	70	115	10.5	8.4	12.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Asia	1,025	495	530	59.6	59.3	59.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	1.7	0.0	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	80	95	9.9	9.6	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	790	395	400	45.9	47.3	44.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Australia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	62,740	31,875	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,880	2,850	3,040	9.4	8.9	9.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,150	3,545	3,605	11.4	11.1	11.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	49,710	25,480	24,220	79.2	79.9	78.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,325	2,090	2,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,070	1,505	1,570	71.0	72.0	70.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,200	765	435	27.7	36.6	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,870	740	1,135	43.2	35.4	50.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	910	390	515	21.0	18.7	23.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	335	200	140	7.7	9.6	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,325	2,090	2,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	90	80	3.9	4.3	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,150	605	550	26.6	28.9	24.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	65	100	3.8	3.1	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	85	75	3.7	4.1	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	40	1.2	0.7	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,620	1,230	1,390	60.6	58.9	62.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	62,740	31,875	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,320	2,210	2,110	6.9	6.9	6.8
South Asian	715	370	345	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese	430	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black	305	185	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Filipino	2,195	1,070	1,125	3.5	3.4	3.6
Arab	90	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Latin American	220	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	130	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,420	29,665	28,755	93.1	93.1	93.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	62,740	31,870	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,400	4,390	4,005	13.4	13.8	13.0
English	15,480	7,655	7,830	24.7	24.0	25.4
Irish	10,275	5,005	5,270	16.4	15.7	17.1
Scottish	12,435	6,135	6,295	19.8	19.3	20.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,085	3,530	3,555	11.3	11.1	11.5
German	19,725	9,855	9,870	31.4	30.9	32.0
Chinese	620	290	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italian	485	195	285	0.8	0.6	0.9
Indian (India)	450	250	200	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ukrainian	4,025	1,915	2,110	6.4	6.0	6.8
Dutch	2,420	1,220	1,200	3.9	3.8	3.9
Polish	1,910	910	1,000	3.0	2.9	3.2
Québécois	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,315	665	655	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	1,975	955	1,020	3.1	3.0	3.3
French Canadian	375	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	910	470	445	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	655	315	345	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	2,010	935	1,075	3.2	2.9	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	935	510	425	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	3,020	1,460	1,565	4.8	4.6	5.1
Norwegian	6,940	3,435	3,505	11.1	10.8	11.4
Welsh	1,150	585	565	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
American	1,200	570	630	1.9	1.8	2.0
Spanish	230	95	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Swedish	2,285	1,195	1,085	3.6	3.7	3.5
Hungarian	775	345	420	1.2	1.1	1.4
Acadian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	620	330	285	1.0	1.0	0.9
Korean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	785	345	440	1.3	1.1	1.4
Lebanese	175	120	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	790	395	390	1.3	1.2	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	290	140	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	695	350	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	755	420	335	1.2	1.3	1.1
Haitian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	430	250	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mennonite	1,445	700	745	2.3	2.2	2.4
Swiss	255	145	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finnish	425	210	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	555	305	250	0.9	1.0	0.8
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	365	190	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	275	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australian	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	40	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	330	190	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	62,740	31,875	30,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	39,255	18,840	20,420	62.6	59.1	66.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,605	3,825	3,775	12.1	12.0	12.2
Anabaptist	1,045	540	505	1.7	1.7	1.6
Anglican	1,380	625	765	2.2	2.0	2.5
Baptist	585	260	330	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catholic	12,125	5,870	6,255	19.3	18.4	20.3
Christian Orthodox	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	230	100	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	3,795	1,855	1,940	6.0	5.8	6.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	860	375	490	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	180	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	7,870	3,640	4,230	12.5	11.4	13.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,115	1,485	1,630	5.0	4.7	5.3
Hindu	365	195	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	180	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	22,245	12,390	9,850	35.5	38.9	31.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,990	31,475	30,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,530	28,275	27,255	89.6	89.8	89.3
Movers	6,465	3,205	3,260	10.4	10.2	10.7
Non-migrants	3,215	1,555	1,660	5.2	4.9	5.4
Migrants	3,245	1,645	1,600	5.2	5.2	5.2
Internal migrants	3,035	1,550	1,490	4.9	4.9	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,065	1,095	970	3.3	3.5	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	970	455	515	1.6	1.4	1.7
External migrants	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,250	30,080	29,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,620	19,790	18,830	65.2	65.8	64.5
Movers	20,630	10,290	10,340	34.8	34.2	35.4
Non-migrants	6,210	3,190	3,020	10.5	10.6	10.4
Migrants	14,425	7,100	7,325	24.3	23.6	25.1
Internal migrants	12,995	6,355	6,645	21.9	21.1	22.8
Intraprovincial migrants	9,615	4,695	4,920	16.2	15.6	16.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,390	1,660	1,730	5.7	5.5	5.9
External migrants	1,430	750	675	2.4	2.5	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,345	25,890	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,270	6,780	4,490	21.9	26.2	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,075	19,110	20,970	78.1	73.8	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,510	15,865	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,265	2,840	1,425	13.5	17.9	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,245	13,025	14,220	86.5	82.1	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,350	25,890	25,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,840	5,730	4,105	19.2	22.1	16.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,270	9,230	8,040	33.6	35.7	31.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,240	10,920	13,320	47.2	42.2	52.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,325	8,190	9,140	33.7	31.6	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,725	4,240	1,480	11.1	16.4	5.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,285	1,370	910	4.4	5.3	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,445	2,870	570	6.7	11.1	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,910	3,275	6,635	19.3	12.6	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690	670	1,015	3.3	2.6	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,915	2,740	4,180	13.5	10.6	16.4
Bachelor's degree	5,255	1,940	3,315	10.2	7.5	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	410	150	250	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	125	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	915	425	485	1.8	1.6	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	95	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,505	15,870	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,650	2,405	1,245	11.6	15.2	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,460	5,770	4,690	33.2	36.4	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,400	7,695	9,705	55.2	48.5	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,070	5,735	6,340	38.3	36.1	40.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,020	2,965	1,055	12.8	18.7	6.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,565	930	630	5.0	5.9	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,460	2,030	425	7.8	12.8	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,980	2,285	4,695	22.2	14.4	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,075	490	585	3.4	3.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,325	1,960	3,365	16.9	12.4	21.5
Bachelor's degree	4,065	1,440	2,620	12.9	9.1	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	70	195	0.8	0.4	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	85	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	755	310	445	2.4	2.0	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,345	25,885	25,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,105	14,965	12,140	52.8	57.8	47.7
Education	2,455	535	1,910	4.8	2.1	7.5
13. Education	2,455	535	1,910	4.8	2.1	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	95	240	0.6	0.4	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	300	75	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
Humanities	1,140	535	605	2.2	2.1	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	140	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	65	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	660	325	340	1.3	1.3	1.3
54. History	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,100	330	770	2.1	1.3	3.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	10	330	0.7	0.0	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	225	85	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	155	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
45. Social sciences	255	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Business, management and public administration	4,755	1,100	3,655	9.3	4.2	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	75	405	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,265	1,025	3,240	8.3	4.0	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	215	220	0.8	0.8	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	95	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	240	200	0.9	0.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	340	225	115	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,385	5,160	225	10.5	19.9	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	365	330	35	0.7	1.3	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	870	115	1.9	3.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,270	1,250	15	2.5	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,765	1,725	40	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	990	975	15	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,120	1,515	605	4.1	5.9	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,920	1,410	515	3.7	5.4	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	4,350	505	3,845	8.5	2.0	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,065	370	3,700	7.9	1.4	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,720	695	1,025	3.3	2.7	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,135	195	940	2.2	0.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	150	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	355	15	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,510	15,870	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,105	8,170	5,935	44.8	51.5	37.9
Education	1,510	310	1,195	4.8	2.0	7.6
13. Education	1,510	310	1,195	4.8	2.0	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	75	165	0.8	0.5	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	215	55	160	0.7	0.3	1.0
Humanities	800	385	415	2.5	2.4	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	415	215	200	1.3	1.4	1.3
54. History	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	840	230	605	2.7	1.4	3.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	10	265	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	170	65	105	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	115	30	85	0.4	0.2	0.5
45. Social sciences	175	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
Business, management and public administration	3,505	765	2,740	11.1	4.8	17.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	40	315	1.1	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,135	720	2,415	9.9	4.5	15.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	110	160	0.9	0.7	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	40	90	0.4	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	335	195	135	1.1	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	190	90	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,785	3,585	200	12.0	22.6	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	310	270	35	1.0	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	765	665	105	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	865	850	10	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,150	1,115	30	3.6	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	690	680	10	2.2	4.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,605	1,100	505	5.1	6.9	3.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,440	1,005	435	4.6	6.3	2.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	90	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	3,170	365	2,800	10.1	2.3	17.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	55	90	0.5	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,970	280	2,685	9.4	1.8	17.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,350	560	795	4.3	3.5	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	885	165	715	2.8	1.0	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	140	60	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	255	10	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,510	15,870	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,105	8,170	5,935	44.8	51.5	37.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,400	7,690	9,710	55.2	48.5	62.1
Location of study inside Canada	15,400	6,760	8,645	48.9	42.6	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	10,655	4,775	5,880	33.8	30.1	37.6
Different than province or territory of residence	4,745	1,985	2,765	15.1	12.5	17.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,000	935	1,065	6.3	5.9	6.8
Americas	390	180	210	1.2	1.1	1.3
United States of America	320	150	170	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	270	130	135	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	150	85	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	1,165	515	645	3.7	3.2	4.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	830	360	470	2.6	2.3	3.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	51,350	25,890	25,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	35,355	19,035	16,315	...	...	...
Employed	33,365	17,980	15,380	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,990	1,055	935	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,990	6,850	9,140	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.9	73.5	64.1	68.9	73.5	64.1
Employment rate	65.0	69.4	60.4	65.0	69.4	60.4
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	51,350	25,885	25,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,325	6,950	9,375	31.8	26.8	36.8
Worked	35,020	18,940	16,085	68.2	73.2	63.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,275	11,585	7,685	37.5	44.8	30.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,745	7,355	8,395	30.7	28.4	33.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.2	41.5	42.4	43.2	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,355	19,040	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	205	245	1.3	1.1	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,910	18,835	16,075	98.7	98.9	98.5
Employee	24,810	12,205	12,600	70.2	64.1	77.2
Permanent position	20,150	10,125	10,025	57.0	53.2	61.4
Temporary position	4,660	2,085	2,575	13.2	11.0	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	995	405	590	2.8	2.1	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,665	1,680	1,985	10.4	8.8	12.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,100	6,630	3,475	28.6	34.8	21.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,355	19,040	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	205	245	1.3	1.1	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,910	18,835	16,075	98.7	98.9	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	115	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,055	865	3,185	11.5	4.5	19.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	940	680	260	2.7	3.6	1.6
3 Health occupations	2,670	285	2,380	7.6	1.5	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,965	690	2,280	8.4	3.6	14.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	580	190	390	1.6	1.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	7,025	2,590	4,435	19.9	13.6	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,140	5,550	595	17.4	29.1	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,970	6,730	2,240	25.4	35.3	13.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,325	1,145	185	3.7	6.0	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,355	19,040	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	205	245	1.3	1.1	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	34,910	18,835	16,075	98.7	98.9	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,945	6,225	2,725	25.3	32.7	16.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,495	1,310	190	4.2	6.9	1.2
22 Utilities	285	255	30	0.8	1.3	0.2
23 Construction	2,030	1,810	220	5.7	9.5	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,145	850	295	3.2	4.5	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,335	960	380	3.8	5.0	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	3,230	1,410	1,820	9.1	7.4	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,440	1,065	380	4.1	5.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	225	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	915	245	675	2.6	1.3	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	165	140	0.9	0.9	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,165	455	705	3.3	2.4	4.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	710	355	360	2.0	1.9	2.2
61 Educational services	2,425	615	1,810	6.9	3.2	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,915	405	3,505	11.1	2.1	21.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	665	305	355	1.9	1.6	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,730	680	1,050	4.9	3.6	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,440	800	640	4.1	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	1,480	820	655	4.2	4.3	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	38,060	20,395	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,410	20,115	17,295	98.3	98.6	97.9
French	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	205	80	120	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	300	140	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	38,060	20,395	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,000	20,375	17,625	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	37,830	20,290	17,540	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	37,735	20,275	17,465	99.1	99.4	98.8
French	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	170	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	38,060	20,395	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,620	20,185	17,435	98.8	99.0	98.7
English	115	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	155	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	120	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,360	17,980	15,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,070	4,735	3,340	24.2	26.3	21.7
Worked outside Canada	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,710	3,695	1,015	14.1	20.6	6.6
Usual place of work	20,570	9,545	11,025	61.7	53.1	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,570	9,545	11,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,555	5,640	6,915	61.0	59.1	62.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,705	2,740	2,965	27.7	28.7	26.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,040	990	1,045	9.9	10.4	9.5
Commute to a different province or territory	265	175	95	1.3	1.8	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,275	13,240	12,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,570	12,105	10,470	89.3	91.4	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,450	11,625	9,825	84.9	87.8	81.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,120	480	640	4.4	3.6	5.3
Public transit	120	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Walked	2,045	810	1,225	8.1	6.1	10.2
Bicycle	175	90	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other method	370	165	205	1.5	1.2	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,275	13,240	12,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,110	8,020	8,090	63.7	60.6	67.2
15 to 29 minutes	4,660	2,470	2,190	18.4	18.7	18.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,420	1,410	1,010	9.6	10.6	8.4
45 to 59 minutes	905	520	380	3.6	3.9	3.2
60 minutes and over	1,180	820	365	4.7	6.2	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,275	13,240	12,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,215	890	325	4.8	6.7	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,755	3,145	1,610	18.8	23.8	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,265	4,785	3,485	32.7	36.1	28.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,125	2,480	3,645	24.2	18.7	30.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,440	845	1,595	9.7	6.4	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,475	1,100	1,375	9.8	8.3	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,825	7,105	6,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	615	290	330	4.4	4.1	4.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,205	6,820	6,390	95.5	96.0	95.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,130	5,165	4,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	465	215	250	4.6	4.2	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210	105	105	2.1	2.0	2.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	110	150	2.6	2.1	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,660	4,950	4,715	95.4	95.8	95.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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