Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince AlbertMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	80,845	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	79,625	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,617	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,477	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18,765.59	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	80,845	40,075	40,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,180	8,260	7,915	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 4 years	5,100	2,625	2,475	6.3	6.6	6.1
5 to 9 years	5,325	2,730	2,595	6.6	6.8	6.4
10 to 14 years	5,755	2,910	2,845	7.1	7.3	7.0
15 to 64 years	49,115	24,635	24,480	60.8	61.5	60.0
15 to 19 years	5,220	2,760	2,460	6.5	6.9	6.0
20 to 24 years	4,700	2,465	2,235	5.8	6.2	5.5
25 to 29 years	4,960	2,555	2,410	6.1	6.4	5.9
30 to 34 years	5,115	2,580	2,535	6.3	6.4	6.2
35 to 39 years	4,930	2,415	2,515	6.1	6.0	6.2
40 to 44 years	4,650	2,305	2,345	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	4,435	2,165	2,270	5.5	5.4	5.6
50 to 54 years	4,535	2,215	2,320	5.6	5.5	5.7
55 to 59 years	5,305	2,575	2,730	6.6	6.4	6.7
60 to 64 years	5,255	2,595	2,660	6.5	6.5	6.5
65 years and over	15,555	7,175	8,375	19.2	17.9	20.5
65 to 69 years	4,700	2,345	2,360	5.8	5.9	5.8
70 to 74 years	3,855	1,870	1,985	4.8	4.7	4.9
75 to 79 years	2,750	1,290	1,460	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,060	880	1,180	2.5	2.2	2.9
85 years and over	2,185	795	1,390	2.7	2.0	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,260	500	755	1.6	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	710	240	475	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	175	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.0	20.6	19.4	20.0	20.6	19.4
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.5	60.0	60.8	61.5	60.0
65 years and over	19.2	17.9	20.5	19.2	17.9	20.5
85 years and over	2.7	2.0	3.4	2.7	2.0	3.4
Average age of the population	40.4	39.3	41.4	40.4	39.3	41.4
Median age of the population	39.2	37.6	40.8	39.2	37.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,785	...	...	75.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	945	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	615	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	430	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,250	...	...	13.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	750	...	...	2.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	680	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,940	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	11,345	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	4,250	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	3,735	...	...	11.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,205	...	...	10.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,670	38,185	39,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	64,665	31,810	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,310	17,665	17,650	54.6	55.5	53.7
Married	29,010	14,520	14,485	44.9	45.6	44.1
Living common-law	6,305	3,140	3,160	9.8	9.9	9.6
Living common law - Never married	4,680	2,335	2,350	7.2	7.3	7.2
Living common law - Separated	250	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,195	615	580	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	180	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	29,350	14,150	15,200	45.4	44.5	46.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,635	10,850	8,790	30.4	34.1	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,725	765	960	2.7	2.4	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,645	1,590	2,055	5.6	5.0	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,340	940	3,400	6.7	3.0	10.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,810	...	...	53.9	...	...
3 persons	4,180	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	3,525	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,410	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,220	...	...	78.5	...	...
Married couples	14,070	...	...	64.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,405	...	...	29.2	...	...
Without children	7,665	...	...	35.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,150	...	...	14.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,515	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	1,635	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,705	...	...	21.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,610	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,095	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,670	38,185	39,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,560	31,370	32,190	81.8	82.2	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,440	17,200	17,240	44.3	45.0	43.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,705	1,095	3,605	6.1	2.9	9.1
Children⁶	24,415	13,070	11,345	31.4	34.2	28.7
In a two-parent family	16,130	8,525	7,610	20.8	22.3	19.3
In a one-parent family	8,285	4,545	3,735	10.7	11.9	9.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,110	6,820	7,295	18.2	17.9	18.5
Living alone	8,940	4,035	4,905	11.5	10.6	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,300	1,120	1,175	3.0	2.9	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,875	1,660	1,215	3.7	4.3	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,180	...	...	60.9	...	...
Couple-family households	15,790	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,105	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	8,685	...	...	27.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,390	...	...	10.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	805	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,180	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,230	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	8,940	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	61,625	29,970	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,000	28,595	30,405	95.7	95.4	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,600	40,400	44,400	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,030	28,610	30,420	95.8	95.5	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000	34,800	37,200	40,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,180	25,200	25,980	83.1	84.1	82.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	29,400	34,000	40,000	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,560	21,195	20,365	67.4	70.7	64.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	31,400	34,800	39,200	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,185	25,280	27,900	86.3	84.4	88.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	8,800	11,900	10,400	8,800	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,670	3,405	3,265	10.8	11.4	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,700	5,920	6,280	6,700	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,050	6,890	8,155	24.4	23.0	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	61,745	30,025	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,165	28,635	30,535	95.8	95.4	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	54,400	44,680	49,400	54,400	44,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,185	28,645	30,540	95.9	95.4	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	45,440	39,480	42,360	45,440	39,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,175	25,105	26,070	82.9	83.6	82.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	51,450	38,120	44,680	51,450	38,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,650	20,970	20,685	67.5	69.8	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,640	38,200	43,960	49,640	38,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,505	25,395	28,105	86.7	84.6	88.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,910	10,470	13,200	11,910	10,470	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,460	3,200	3,260	10.5	10.7	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	8,400	7,810	8,100	8,400	7,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,365	7,050	8,310	24.9	23.5	26.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,970	9,160	9,070	8,970	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	61,745	30,030	31,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,710	10,615	9,100	31.9	35.3	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,800	53,600	58,800	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	68,400	59,100	64,100	68,400	59,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,760	7,385	8,375	25.5	24.6	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,000	17,400	18,600	21,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	34,320	24,280	28,960	34,320	24,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	83.0	72.8	78.2	83.0	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	66.8	57.9	62.6	66.8	57.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.8	17.1	27.2	21.8	17.1	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.6	6.9	5.7	4.6	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.6	4.8	4.1	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	61,625	29,970	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,625	1,380	1,250	4.3	4.6	3.9
With total income	59,000	28,595	30,410	95.7	95.4	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,015	2,540	2,475	8.5	8.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,825	2,935	3,890	11.6	10.3	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,555	4,095	5,460	16.2	14.3	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,780	3,385	4,390	13.2	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,885	3,035	3,855	11.7	10.6	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,765	2,765	3,000	9.8	9.7	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,275	2,175	2,100	7.2	7.6	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	1,815	1,420	5.5	6.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	1,435	1,090	4.3	5.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,160	1,110	1,050	3.7	3.9	3.5
$100,000 and over	4,985	3,305	1,680	8.4	11.6	5.5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,725	2,375	1,355	6.3	8.3	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,255	925	330	2.1	3.2	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	61,625	29,970	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,595	1,360	1,235	4.2	4.5	3.9
With after-tax income	59,035	28,610	30,420	95.8	95.5	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,195	2,615	2,585	8.8	9.1	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,080	3,065	4,015	12.0	10.7	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	10,760	4,690	6,070	18.2	16.4	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,125	3,990	5,135	15.5	13.9	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,090	3,850	4,240	13.7	13.5	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,905	3,000	2,910	10.0	10.5	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,370	1,920	7.3	8.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,720	1,525	5.5	6.0	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,910	1,050	860	3.2	3.7	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,135	695	445	1.9	2.4	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,290	1,575	720	3.9	5.5	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340	890	445	2.3	3.1	1.5
$125,000 and over	955	680	275	1.6	2.4	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	61,625	29,970	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,065	8,775	11,285	32.6	29.3	35.6
With employment income	41,565	21,195	20,370	67.4	70.7	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,220	2,940	3,280	15.0	13.9	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	3,290	1,535	1,760	7.9	7.2	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,990	2,370	2,620	12.0	11.2	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,250	2,045	2,200	10.2	9.6	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,075	1,835	2,235	9.8	8.7	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,680	1,705	1,975	8.9	8.0	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,175	1,630	1,545	7.6	7.7	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	1,440	1,210	6.4	6.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,140	1,235	900	5.1	5.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,035	1,115	925	4.9	5.3	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,570	865	705	3.8	4.1	3.5
$100,000 and over	3,480	2,465	1,015	8.4	11.6	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,920	1,245	670	4.6	5.9	3.3
$125,000 and over	1,565	1,225	345	3.8	5.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	61,625	29,970	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,680	27,865	29,815	93.6	93.0	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	34,000	38,400	43,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,695	27,870	29,825	93.6	93.0	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	31,800	34,800	39,200	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,485	24,810	25,675	81.9	82.8	81.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,000	35,200	41,200	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,340	21,105	20,235	67.1	70.4	63.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,400	36,000	40,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,610	24,145	26,465	82.1	80.6	83.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	2,560	8,100	6,120	2,560	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,025	3,165	2,860	9.8	10.6	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,750	6,360	7,150	7,750	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	61,745	30,025	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,910	27,925	29,985	93.8	93.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	52,250	41,640	46,760	52,250	41,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,920	27,925	29,990	93.8	93.0	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	43,520	36,600	39,960	43,520	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,540	24,765	25,775	81.9	82.5	81.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	51,450	38,160	44,680	51,450	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,505	20,965	20,535	67.2	69.8	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	49,680	38,600	44,200	49,680	38,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,815	24,140	26,680	82.3	80.4	84.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,840	7,630	9,930	8,840	7,630	9,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,780	3,025	2,755	9.4	10.1	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,820	9,210	8,400	8,820	9,210	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	61,745	30,030	31,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,545	10,535	9,010	31.7	35.1	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	60,800	51,200	55,600	60,800	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,100	65,800	55,600	61,100	65,800	55,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,775	6,975	7,800	23.9	23.2	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,200	22,600	23,600	25,200	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	38,320	28,600	33,200	38,320	28,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.4	78.8	83.4	87.4	78.8
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.4	63.5	67.8	71.4	63.5
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.6	21.2	16.6	12.6	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,840	...	...	47,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,655	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,285	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,175	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,385	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,290	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,305	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,495	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,375	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,145	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,955	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,820	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,175	...	...	35.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,510	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,525	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,080	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,060	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	280	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	660	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,460	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,360	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,540	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,520	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,455	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,865	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,770	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,475	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,800	...	...	28.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,550	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,365	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,885	...	...	9.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,815	5,700	6,115	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,600	34,000	36,000	37,600	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,400	32,000	33,200	34,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,050	...	...	63,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,085	5,880	6,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,000	46,600	43,480	45,000	46,600	43,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	39,600	38,440	39,000	39,600	38,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,670	38,190	39,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,260	9,905	9,350	24.8	25.9	23.7
0 to 5 years	6,050	3,105	2,950	7.8	8.1	7.5
18 to 64 years	43,945	21,455	22,490	56.6	56.2	57.0
65 years and over	14,470	6,825	7,645	18.6	17.9	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,025	5,535	6,490	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,045	2,085	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,520	780	740	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,365	2,420	2,940	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,615	1,030	1,585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.5	16.4	15.5	14.5	16.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.0	21.0	21.0	21.0	21.0	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.0	25.1	25.1	25.0	25.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.3	13.1	12.2	11.3	13.1
65 years and over (%)	18.1	15.1	20.7	18.1	15.1	20.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	74,780	36,730	38,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,090	9,315	8,775	24.2	25.4	23.1
0 to 5 years	5,690	2,925	2,765	7.6	8.0	7.3
18 to 64 years	42,415	20,680	21,740	56.7	56.3	57.1
65 years and over	14,270	6,735	7,535	19.1	18.3	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,230	1,660	1,575	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	990	530	465	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	385	205	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,025	1,040	985	...	...	...
65 years and over	215	90	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.7	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	7.0	6.5	6.7	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.5	4.8	5.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,665	38,185	39,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,180	21,185	22,995	56.9	55.5	58.2
In bottom decile	10,370	4,920	5,450	13.4	12.9	13.8
In second decile	9,755	4,525	5,230	12.6	11.9	13.2
In third decile	8,495	4,085	4,405	10.9	10.7	11.2
In fourth decile	8,005	3,920	4,085	10.3	10.3	10.3
In fifth decile	7,560	3,725	3,830	9.7	9.8	9.7
In top half of the distribution	33,490	17,000	16,485	43.1	44.5	41.8
In sixth decile	7,045	3,545	3,500	9.1	9.3	8.9
In seventh decile	7,395	3,710	3,690	9.5	9.7	9.3
In eighth decile	7,195	3,680	3,520	9.3	9.6	8.9
In ninth decile	6,860	3,485	3,370	8.8	9.1	8.5
In top decile	4,990	2,585	2,405	6.4	6.8	6.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,670	...	...	77,670	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	73,145	36,010	37,135	93.7	93.9	93.4
French only	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,650	2,180	2,470	6.0	5.7	6.2
Neither English nor French	255	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,275	37,430	38,840	97.7	97.6	97.7
French	1,460	725	735	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,050	37,390	38,660	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	68,815	33,835	34,990	88.1	88.2	88.0
English	67,170	33,015	34,160	86.0	86.1	86.0
French	1,645	820	825	2.1	2.1	2.1
Non-official languages	7,230	3,560	3,675	9.3	9.3	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,905	870	1,030	2.4	2.3	2.6
Algonquian languages	1,545	715	830	2.0	1.9	2.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,525	705	820	2.0	1.8	2.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,525	705	820	2.0	1.8	2.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.	960	445	515	1.2	1.2	1.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	325	145	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	320	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	320	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,330	2,685	2,640	6.8	7.0	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,490	675	810	1.9	1.8	2.0
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,295	600	700	1.7	1.6	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,870	1,515	1,360	3.7	4.0	3.4
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	460	485	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	950	460	485	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	620	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	865	445	420	1.1	1.2	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	515	265	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	510	260	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	740	415	325	0.9	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	675	385	295	0.9	1.0	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	180	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	180	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	230	145	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,045	960	1,080	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	390	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,490	685	805	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,455	34,125	35,330	88.9	89.0	88.9
French	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	1,180	595	590	1.5	1.6	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	180	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	995	520	475	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	780	365	420	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,105	3,015	3,090	7.8	7.9	7.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,480	37,580	38,900	97.9	98.0	97.9
Official languages	73,260	35,935	37,325	93.8	93.7	93.9
English	72,900	35,780	37,125	93.3	93.3	93.4
French	360	155	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	3,220	1,645	1,580	4.1	4.3	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	275	305	0.7	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	425	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	325	150	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,645	1,370	1,270	3.4	3.6	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	930	445	485	1.2	1.2	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	855	410	445	1.1	1.1	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,115	615	495	1.4	1.6	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	565	310	250	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	535	295	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,610	770	840	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	680	755	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	78,095	38,350	39,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	72,295	35,500	36,790	92.6	92.6	92.6
English	1,755	905	850	2.2	2.4	2.1
French	615	290	325	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	2,910	1,400	1,515	3.7	3.7	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	1,350	620	730	1.7	1.6	1.8
Non-Indigenous	1,560	780	780	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,730	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	77,500	38,050	39,450	99.7	99.6	99.8
English	77,445	38,020	39,430	99.6	99.5	99.8
French	4,655	2,300	2,355	6.0	6.0	6.0
Non-official languages	10,715	5,285	5,430	13.8	13.8	13.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,540	1,570	1,975	4.6	4.1	5.0
Algonquian languages	3,030	1,335	1,690	3.9	3.5	4.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,960	1,320	1,640	3.8	3.5	4.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	2,960	1,320	1,640	3.8	3.5	4.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	225	100	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	460	200	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	500	195	305	0.6	0.5	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.	1,760	805	955	2.3	2.1	2.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	455	190	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Northern Athabaskan languages	455	190	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	455	190	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,250	3,745	3,500	9.3	9.8	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	305	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,920	905	1,015	2.5	2.4	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,805	850	955	2.3	2.2	2.4
Waray-Waray	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,885	2,075	1,810	5.0	5.4	4.6
Albanian	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	535	560	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,095	535	560	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	250	135	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	745	355	395	1.0	0.9	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,115	595	525	1.4	1.6	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	315	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	595	310	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	440	230	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	210	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,060	610	450	1.4	1.6	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	980	570	410	1.3	1.5	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	240	145	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	590	335	250	0.8	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	480	275	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	655	350	300	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	595	320	280	0.8	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	435	255	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	185	125	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	140	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,735	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25,730	12,475	13,255	33.1	32.6	33.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25,360	12,310	13,050	32.6	32.2	33.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,580	6,895	7,685	18.8	18.0	19.4
Métis	10,745	5,400	5,345	13.8	14.1	13.5
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	52,005	25,735	26,265	66.9	67.4	66.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,735	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	13,950	6,505	7,445	17.9	17.0	18.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	63,785	31,705	32,080	82.1	83.0	81.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,970	...	...	69.6	...	...
Renter	8,890	...	...	28.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	695	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,000	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not condominium	29,560	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,890	...	...	9.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,375	...	...	23.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,055	...	...	31.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,145	...	...	35.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,485	...	...	20.6	...	...
5 rooms	5,040	...	...	16.0	...	...
6 rooms	4,655	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,155	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,215	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,880	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	680	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	29,790	...	...	94.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,770	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,290	...	...	23.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,970	...	...	37.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,610	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,575	...	...	8.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	975	...	...	3.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,540	...	...	4.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,535	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,050	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	28,970	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,585	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,985	...	...	53.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,485	...	...	42.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,080	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,140	...	...	3.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,605	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,215	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,890	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,935	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,280	...	...	16.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,145	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,350	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	29,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,805	...	...	84.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,555	...	...	15.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,260	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,155	...	...	25.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,040	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,365	...	...	4.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	340	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,400	...	...	74.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,915	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	26,150	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,125	...	...	1,125	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	259,600	...	...	259,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,860	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	25.7	...	...	25.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.1	...	...	31.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.9	...	...	20.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	953	...	...	953	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	695	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	257	...	...	257	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,735	38,215	39,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,595	7,470	8,125	20.1	19.5	20.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,135	7,215	7,915	19.5	18.9	20.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	12,190	5,800	6,390	15.7	15.2	16.2
Métis single ancestry	2,925	1,410	1,515	3.8	3.7	3.8
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	465	250	210	0.6	0.7	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	450	245	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,475	4,735	4,735	12.2	12.4	12.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,790	4,370	4,420	11.3	11.4	11.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,665	1,855	1,815	4.7	4.9	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,110	2,520	2,590	6.6	6.6	6.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	685	370	315	0.9	1.0	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	665	355	315	0.9	0.9	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	52,665	26,005	26,660	67.7	68.0	67.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,735	38,210	39,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	74,555	36,560	37,995	95.9	95.7	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,615	9,580	9,035	23.9	25.1	22.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,940	26,975	28,960	72.0	70.6	73.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,180	1,650	1,525	4.1	4.3	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,735	38,210	39,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	71,855	35,185	36,665	92.4	92.1	92.8
Immigrants⁸¹	5,200	2,595	2,605	6.7	6.8	6.6
Before 1980	485	250	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
1980 to 1990	235	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	1,080	500	580	1.4	1.3	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,205	1,630	1,575	4.1	4.3	4.0
2011 to 2015	1,545	780	760	2.0	2.0	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,660	845	815	2.1	2.2	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	685	430	255	0.9	1.1	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,195	2,595	2,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	565	300	260	10.9	11.6	10.0
5 to 14 years	990	515	470	19.1	19.8	18.1
15 to 24 years	655	310	345	12.6	11.9	13.3
25 to 44 years	2,520	1,245	1,270	48.5	48.0	48.8
45 years and over	465	215	250	9.0	8.3	9.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,195	2,595	2,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	230	300	10.2	8.9	11.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	20	0.9	0.8	0.8
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Mexico	30	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	270	95	170	5.2	3.7	6.5
Other places of birth in Americas	140	75	70	2.7	2.9	2.7
Europe	950	530	415	18.3	20.4	16.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Germany	160	90	70	3.1	3.5	2.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Netherlands	60	45	15	1.2	1.7	0.6
Poland	50	20	30	1.0	0.8	1.2
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	55	25	35	1.1	1.0	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	145	80	70	2.8	3.1	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230	130	95	4.4	5.0	3.7
Other places of birth in Europe	145	85	65	2.8	3.3	2.5
Africa	895	465	435	17.2	17.9	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	135	60	70	2.6	2.3	2.7
Egypt	30	10	25	0.6	0.4	1.0
Eritrea	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	220	105	115	4.2	4.0	4.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	240	105	135	4.6	4.0	5.2
Other places of birth in Africa	205	150	60	3.9	5.8	2.3
Asia	2,805	1,370	1,435	54.0	52.8	55.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.9	0.8	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	35	25	1.1	1.3	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	40	40	1.4	1.5	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,795	850	950	34.6	32.8	36.5
Viet Nam	90	55	30	1.7	2.1	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	405	205	200	7.8	7.9	7.7
Pakistan	100	40	60	1.9	1.5	2.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	90	85	3.3	3.5	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,660	845	815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	35	30	3.9	4.1	3.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	20	2.1	1.2	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	1.2	1.8	1.2
Europe	60	35	30	3.6	4.1	3.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	1.2	1.8	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	1.5	1.8	1.2
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.2
Africa	460	275	185	27.7	32.5	22.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	60	60	7.5	7.1	7.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	15	1.2	1.2	1.8
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	130	65	65	7.8	7.7	8.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	40	25	3.9	4.7	3.1
Sudan⁹⁷	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	70	15	4.8	8.3	1.8
Asia	1,075	500	570	64.8	59.2	69.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	185	80	110	11.1	9.5	13.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	1.2	1.2	1.2
Philippines	750	345	410	45.2	40.8	50.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	35	25	3.3	4.1	3.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,730	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,165	3,155	3,010	7.9	8.3	7.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,465	3,495	3,965	9.6	9.1	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	64,105	31,560	32,545	82.5	82.6	82.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,710	2,345	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,295	1,685	1,610	70.0	71.9	67.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,335	830	505	28.3	35.4	21.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,960	855	1,105	41.6	36.5	46.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	785	295	490	16.7	12.6	20.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	620	355	260	13.2	15.1	11.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,710	2,345	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,175	610	565	24.9	26.0	23.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	60	105	3.5	2.6	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	100	90	4.0	4.3	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,125	1,560	1,570	66.3	66.5	66.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,730	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,630	2,890	2,735	7.2	7.6	6.9
South Asian	1,215	695	520	1.6	1.8	1.3
Chinese	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	950	495	455	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	2,170	1,065	1,105	2.8	2.8	2.8
Arab	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	275	160	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	360	165	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	72,105	35,315	36,790	92.8	92.4	93.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,735	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,915	3,425	3,490	8.9	9.0	8.8
English	15,475	7,550	7,925	19.9	19.8	20.1
Irish	9,550	4,535	5,015	12.3	11.9	12.7
Scottish	12,060	5,705	6,355	15.5	14.9	16.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,450	5,005	5,440	13.4	13.1	13.8
German	14,410	6,850	7,560	18.5	17.9	19.1
Chinese	415	195	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italian	560	270	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	740	385	350	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	9,635	4,715	4,920	12.4	12.3	12.4
Dutch	1,960	950	1,015	2.5	2.5	2.6
Polish	3,830	1,935	1,900	4.9	5.1	4.8
Québécois	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,215	670	545	1.6	1.8	1.4
Filipino	2,055	1,015	1,040	2.6	2.7	2.6
French Canadian	500	260	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	945	495	450	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,645	3,265	3,380	8.5	8.5	8.6
Métis	9,155	4,525	4,625	11.8	11.8	11.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	810	425	385	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	1,630	765	860	2.1	2.0	2.2
Norwegian	6,870	3,265	3,605	8.8	8.5	9.1
Welsh	1,090	520	570	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
American	820	460	365	1.1	1.2	0.9
Spanish	280	175	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Swedish	3,240	1,475	1,765	4.2	3.9	4.5
Hungarian	1,760	825	930	2.3	2.2	2.4
Acadian	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	6,585	3,270	3,315	8.5	8.6	8.4
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	805	345	460	1.0	0.9	1.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,370	650	720	1.8	1.7	1.8
Sikh	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	745	345	395	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belgian	355	170	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	655	340	320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swiss	315	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	300	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	560	300	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Muslim	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	450	215	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	115	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	915	425	485	1.2	1.1	1.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	690	320	375	0.9	0.8	0.9
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	470	230	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	250	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	525	250	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,735	38,210	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	45,895	21,550	24,350	59.0	56.4	61.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,210	2,980	3,225	8.0	7.8	8.2
Anabaptist	500	210	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Anglican	5,990	2,805	3,185	7.7	7.3	8.1
Baptist	1,075	500	575	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catholic	18,470	8,925	9,545	23.8	23.4	24.2
Christian Orthodox	730	395	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	435	190	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	2,860	1,315	1,550	3.7	3.4	3.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,150	550	600	1.5	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	345	145	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,860	2,030	2,830	6.3	5.3	7.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,835	1,295	1,540	3.6	3.4	3.9
Hindu	520	305	220	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	560	300	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	295	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	810	390	415	1.0	1.0	1.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	29,180	15,310	13,875	37.5	40.1	35.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	76,865	37,775	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,595	32,785	33,805	86.6	86.8	86.5
Movers	10,275	4,995	5,280	13.4	13.2	13.5
Non-migrants	6,360	3,110	3,245	8.3	8.2	8.3
Migrants	3,915	1,885	2,035	5.1	5.0	5.2
Internal migrants	3,715	1,780	1,935	4.8	4.7	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,065	1,465	1,600	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	650	320	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	205	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	72,645	35,515	37,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,020	22,205	22,815	62.0	62.5	61.4
Movers	27,625	13,310	14,310	38.0	37.5	38.5
Non-migrants	11,630	5,675	5,950	16.0	16.0	16.0
Migrants	15,995	7,635	8,360	22.0	21.5	22.5
Internal migrants	14,315	6,725	7,590	19.7	18.9	20.4
Intraprovincial migrants	12,435	5,850	6,590	17.1	16.5	17.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,885	880	1,005	2.6	2.5	2.7
External migrants	1,675	910	770	2.3	2.6	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,745	30,030	31,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,580	8,180	6,395	23.6	27.2	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,165	21,840	25,325	76.4	72.7	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,720	18,135	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,570	3,340	2,230	14.8	18.4	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,150	14,795	17,355	85.2	81.6	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,750	30,025	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,160	7,310	5,850	21.3	24.3	18.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,980	10,605	10,375	34.0	35.3	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,605	12,115	15,495	44.7	40.3	48.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,795	8,745	10,050	30.4	29.1	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,035	4,305	1,730	9.8	14.3	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,490	1,335	1,150	4.0	4.4	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,550	2,970	580	5.7	9.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,750	3,640	7,110	17.4	12.1	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,005	800	1,205	3.2	2.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,815	3,370	5,445	14.3	11.2	17.2
Bachelor's degree	6,805	2,490	4,315	11.0	8.3	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	190	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	155	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,145	435	710	1.9	1.4	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	95	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,720	18,130	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,880	2,900	1,975	12.9	16.0	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,770	6,555	6,215	33.9	36.2	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,070	8,675	11,395	53.2	47.8	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,235	6,240	6,995	35.1	34.4	35.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,190	3,070	1,125	11.1	16.9	5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,630	905	720	4.3	5.0	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,565	2,160	400	6.8	11.9	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,740	2,630	5,110	20.5	14.5	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,305	545	760	3.5	3.0	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,835	2,435	4,395	18.1	13.4	22.4
Bachelor's degree	5,305	1,820	3,485	14.1	10.0	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	315	120	195	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	120	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	890	315	575	2.4	1.7	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,745	30,030	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,140	17,915	16,225	55.3	59.7	51.2
Education	2,995	775	2,220	4.9	2.6	7.0
13. Education	2,995	775	2,220	4.9	2.6	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	165	170	0.6	0.5	0.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	305	135	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Humanities	735	360	375	1.2	1.2	1.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	195	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,910	530	1,385	3.1	1.8	4.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	600	45	560	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	230	55	180	0.4	0.2	0.6
45. Social sciences	535	245	295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	5,575	1,490	4,085	9.0	5.0	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	955	190	765	1.5	0.6	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,605	1,300	3,310	7.5	4.3	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	460	255	205	0.7	0.8	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	470	250	215	0.8	0.8	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	240	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,460	5,185	270	8.8	17.3	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	465	395	75	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	955	880	75	1.5	2.9	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,580	45	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,615	1,575	40	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	760	745	25	1.2	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	1,070	470	2.5	3.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,010	685	325	1.6	2.3	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	535	390	150	0.9	1.3	0.5
Health and related fields	5,460	865	4,590	8.8	2.9	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,125	690	4,435	8.3	2.3	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,650	1,160	1,495	4.3	3.9	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,390	285	1,110	2.3	0.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	840	480	365	1.4	1.6	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	400	25	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,715	18,130	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,650	9,455	8,190	46.8	52.2	41.8
Education	1,895	475	1,420	5.0	2.6	7.3
13. Education	1,895	475	1,420	5.0	2.6	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	140	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	235	110	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Humanities	500	235	270	1.3	1.3	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	130	80	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,510	350	1,155	4.0	1.9	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	30	90	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	40	465	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	185	50	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	195	45	150	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	385	155	225	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	4,175	1,150	3,030	11.1	6.3	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	130	635	2.0	0.7	3.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,405	1,020	2,390	9.0	5.6	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	315	165	150	0.8	0.9	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	390	215	175	1.0	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	360	210	150	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,855	3,630	225	10.2	20.0	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	370	305	65	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	640	575	65	1.7	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,220	1,185	40	3.2	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,030	35	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	535	520	15	1.4	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,130	735	395	3.0	4.1	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	750	475	270	2.0	2.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	255	120	1.0	1.4	0.6
Health and related fields	4,010	660	3,355	10.6	3.6	17.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,785	535	3,255	10.0	3.0	16.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,020	925	1,095	5.4	5.1	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	985	225	760	2.6	1.2	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	685	370	320	1.8	2.0	1.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	330	15	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	37,715	18,130	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,650	9,455	8,190	46.8	52.2	41.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,070	8,675	11,395	53.2	47.8	58.2
Location of study inside Canada	17,910	7,665	10,240	47.5	42.3	52.3
Same as province or territory of residence	15,020	6,205	8,815	39.8	34.2	45.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,890	1,465	1,425	7.7	8.1	7.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,160	1,010	1,155	5.7	5.6	5.9
Americas	255	120	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	215	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	305	140	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	305	145	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	140	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,245	565	675	3.3	3.1	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Philippines	775	340	440	2.1	1.9	2.2
Viet Nam	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	310	150	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	61,750	30,025	31,715	...	...	...
In the labour force	38,190	19,725	18,470	...	...	...
Employed	34,700	17,745	16,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,490	1,975	1,515	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,550	10,305	13,250	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.8	65.7	58.2	61.8	65.7	58.2
Employment rate	56.2	59.1	53.5	56.2	59.1	53.5
Unemployment rate	9.1	10.0	8.2	9.1	10.0	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	61,745	30,030	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,270	10,845	13,425	39.3	36.1	42.3
Worked	37,475	19,185	18,295	60.7	63.9	57.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	20,525	11,100	9,420	33.2	37.0	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,955	8,080	8,870	27.5	26.9	28.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.6	41.0	41.3	41.6	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	38,195	19,720	18,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	550	475	2.7	2.8	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	37,165	19,175	17,990	97.3	97.2	97.4
Employee	31,660	15,650	16,010	82.9	79.4	86.7
Permanent position	25,510	12,510	13,005	66.8	63.4	70.4
Temporary position	6,145	3,135	3,010	16.1	15.9	16.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,415	635	785	3.7	3.2	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,730	2,500	2,225	12.4	12.7	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,510	3,525	1,985	14.4	17.9	10.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	38,195	19,720	18,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	550	475	2.7	2.8	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	37,165	19,175	17,990	97.3	97.2	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	230	110	0.9	1.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,885	1,190	3,700	12.8	6.0	20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,170	855	315	3.1	4.3	1.7
3 Health occupations	3,560	585	2,970	9.3	3.0	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,185	2,085	4,100	16.2	10.6	22.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415	155	260	1.1	0.8	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,250	4,190	5,060	24.2	21.2	27.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,740	6,150	590	17.6	31.2	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,645	2,880	760	9.5	14.6	4.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	980	850	125	2.6	4.3	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	38,195	19,720	18,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	550	475	2.7	2.8	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	37,165	19,175	17,990	97.3	97.2	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,595	2,675	920	9.4	13.6	5.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	665	605	65	1.7	3.1	0.4
22 Utilities	305	250	55	0.8	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	2,625	2,355	265	6.9	11.9	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,195	950	245	3.1	4.8	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,130	860	270	3.0	4.4	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	4,965	2,520	2,450	13.0	12.8	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,105	840	265	2.9	4.3	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	320	160	160	0.8	0.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	890	330	560	2.3	1.7	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	195	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,125	500	620	2.9	2.5	3.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,000	605	395	2.6	3.1	2.1
61 Educational services	3,000	845	2,150	7.9	4.3	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,295	1,145	5,150	16.5	5.8	27.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635	325	315	1.7	1.6	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,385	1,055	1,330	6.2	5.3	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,735	955	780	4.5	4.8	4.2
91 Public administration	3,805	1,990	1,820	10.0	10.1	9.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	40,970	20,960	20,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	40,075	20,510	19,560	97.8	97.9	97.8
French	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	285	135	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	470	240	230	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	40,970	20,960	20,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,845	20,890	19,955	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	40,710	20,800	19,910	99.4	99.2	99.5
English	40,540	20,735	19,805	99.0	98.9	99.0
French	170	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official languages	140	90	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	50	10	0.2	0.2	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	40,970	20,960	20,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,340	20,645	19,690	98.5	98.5	98.4
English	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	250	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	170	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,705	17,745	16,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,375	2,355	2,020	12.6	13.3	11.9
Worked outside Canada	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,550	3,455	1,090	13.1	19.5	6.4
Usual place of work	25,745	11,910	13,830	74.2	67.1	81.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,745	11,910	13,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,595	6,755	8,835	60.6	56.7	63.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,455	3,460	3,985	29.0	29.1	28.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,250	1,360	890	8.7	11.4	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	445	330	110	1.7	2.8	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,290	15,365	14,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,765	14,195	13,565	91.7	92.4	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,910	13,565	12,340	85.5	88.3	82.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,855	630	1,225	6.1	4.1	8.2
Public transit	265	120	140	0.9	0.8	0.9
Walked	1,450	625	825	4.8	4.1	5.5
Bicycle	105	55	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other method	710	365	345	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,290	15,365	14,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,000	8,585	9,410	59.4	55.9	63.0
15 to 29 minutes	6,975	3,500	3,470	23.0	22.8	23.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,165	1,820	1,340	10.4	11.8	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	780	495	285	2.6	3.2	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,380	965	410	4.6	6.3	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,290	15,365	14,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,810	1,320	490	6.0	8.6	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,165	3,215	1,950	17.1	20.9	13.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,340	4,785	4,560	30.8	31.1	30.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,310	2,935	4,380	24.1	19.1	29.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,110	1,330	1,780	10.3	8.7	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,550	1,780	1,770	11.7	11.6	11.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,630	10,090	9,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380	690	690	7.0	6.8	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,250	9,400	8,855	93.0	93.2	92.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,230	7,315	6,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	525	510	7.2	7.2	7.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	650	315	335	4.6	4.3	4.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	210	170	2.7	2.9	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,205	6,795	6,410	92.8	92.9	92.7

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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