Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saskatoon WestMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,855	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	83,711	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,703	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,015	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	968.3	...	...	968.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	90.73	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,855	43,915	43,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,850	8,695	8,150	19.2	19.8	18.5
0 to 4 years	5,345	2,745	2,600	6.1	6.3	5.9
5 to 9 years	5,845	3,050	2,795	6.7	6.9	6.4
10 to 14 years	5,660	2,900	2,760	6.4	6.6	6.3
15 to 64 years	59,600	30,120	29,480	67.8	68.6	67.1
15 to 19 years	5,265	2,760	2,505	6.0	6.3	5.7
20 to 24 years	6,055	3,095	2,965	6.9	7.0	6.7
25 to 29 years	6,510	3,315	3,195	7.4	7.5	7.3
30 to 34 years	7,345	3,720	3,630	8.4	8.5	8.3
35 to 39 years	7,090	3,475	3,615	8.1	7.9	8.2
40 to 44 years	6,280	3,160	3,120	7.1	7.2	7.1
45 to 49 years	5,440	2,730	2,705	6.2	6.2	6.2
50 to 54 years	5,095	2,565	2,535	5.8	5.8	5.8
55 to 59 years	5,445	2,795	2,645	6.2	6.4	6.0
60 to 64 years	5,075	2,510	2,570	5.8	5.7	5.8
65 years and over	11,410	5,100	6,305	13.0	11.6	14.3
65 to 69 years	4,105	1,985	2,120	4.7	4.5	4.8
70 to 74 years	2,940	1,375	1,570	3.3	3.1	3.6
75 to 79 years	1,715	800	920	2.0	1.8	2.1
80 to 84 years	1,265	485	785	1.4	1.1	1.8
85 years and over	1,375	460	915	1.6	1.0	2.1
85 to 89 years	815	305	510	0.9	0.7	1.2
90 to 94 years	420	130	285	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	120	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.8	18.5	19.2	19.8	18.5
15 to 64 years	67.8	68.6	67.1	67.8	68.6	67.1
65 years and over	13.0	11.6	14.3	13.0	11.6	14.3
85 years and over	1.6	1.0	2.1	1.6	1.0	2.1
Average age of the population	37.7	36.8	38.6	37.7	36.8	38.6
Median age of the population	36.4	35.6	37.2	36.4	35.6	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,460	...	...	55.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,125	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	1,350	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,300	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,810	...	...	22.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,905	...	...	8.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,075	...	...	31.6	...	...
2 persons	10,835	...	...	30.9	...	...
3 persons	5,165	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	4,345	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,600	...	...	10.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	86,145	42,775	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,005	35,220	35,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,570	17,795	17,775	50.1	50.5	49.7
Married	28,340	14,160	14,180	39.9	40.2	39.6
Living common-law	7,230	3,630	3,600	10.2	10.3	10.1
Living common law - Never married	5,615	2,855	2,765	7.9	8.1	7.7
Living common law - Separated	280	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,190	580	615	1.7	1.6	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	35,435	17,425	18,010	49.9	49.5	50.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,150	13,720	11,430	35.4	39.0	31.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,015	860	1,155	2.8	2.4	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,005	2,110	2,900	7.0	6.0	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,270	740	2,535	4.6	2.1	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,935	...	...	48.7	...	...
3 persons	4,920	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	4,110	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,500	...	...	11.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,255	...	...	76.8	...	...
Married couples	13,640	...	...	60.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,885	...	...	35.1	...	...
Without children	5,755	...	...	25.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,615	...	...	16.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,445	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	2,175	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,215	...	...	23.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,060	...	...	18.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,155	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	86,150	42,780	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	66,710	32,855	33,855	77.4	76.8	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,510	17,240	17,270	40.1	40.3	39.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,215	1,160	4,060	6.1	2.7	9.4
Children⁶	26,985	14,465	12,515	31.3	33.8	28.9
In a two-parent family	18,235	9,695	8,545	21.2	22.7	19.7
In a one-parent family	8,745	4,770	3,975	10.2	11.2	9.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,435	9,920	9,515	22.6	23.2	21.9
Living alone	11,075	5,420	5,655	12.9	12.7	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	3,220	1,530	1,690	3.7	3.6	3.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,140	2,975	2,165	6.0	7.0	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,805	...	...	53.7	...	...
Couple-family households	15,045	...	...	43.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,065	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	6,980	...	...	19.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,760	...	...	10.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,025	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,600	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,280	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	11,080	...	...	31.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,380	34,135	35,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,065	32,425	33,645	95.2	95.0	95.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	36,000	39,200	42,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,105	32,445	33,665	95.3	95.0	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,600	35,600	38,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,590	28,325	28,260	81.6	83.0	80.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	28,600	34,000	40,800	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,610	24,960	23,650	70.1	73.1	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	31,000	36,000	42,000	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,035	28,830	31,205	86.5	84.5	88.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,300	10,900	9,200	7,300	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,170	4,195	3,975	11.8	12.3	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,480	5,520	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,400	10,325	11,080	30.8	30.2	31.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,150	32,340	33,810	95.4	94.9	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,520	41,640	46,000	50,520	41,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,190	32,360	33,835	95.4	94.9	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,840	42,800	36,960	39,840	42,800	36,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,530	28,205	28,330	81.5	82.7	80.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	48,000	35,520	41,760	48,000	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,560	24,815	23,745	70.0	72.8	67.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	48,040	36,840	42,560	48,040	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,000	28,730	31,275	86.5	84.3	88.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,370	9,780	12,820	11,370	9,780	12,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,045	3,970	4,080	11.6	11.6	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,440	6,800	6,620	6,440	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,255	10,090	11,165	30.6	29.6	31.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,030	9,350	9,200	9,030	9,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,670	12,320	10,355	32.7	36.1	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,000	51,600	56,800	62,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,500	68,200	55,750	62,500	68,200	55,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,770	9,325	10,450	28.5	27.4	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,200	17,200	18,800	21,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,880	30,400	23,740	26,880	30,400	23,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	82.8	71.6	77.6	82.8	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	73.0	62.1	68.0	73.0	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	17.2	28.5	22.4	17.2	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.3	6.1	8.7	7.3	6.1	8.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	5.6	7.4	6.4	5.6	7.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,385	34,135	35,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,315	1,710	1,610	4.8	5.0	4.6
With total income	66,065	32,425	33,640	95.2	95.0	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,145	2,450	2,695	7.8	7.6	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,500	3,500	4,005	11.4	10.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,465	4,885	6,580	17.4	15.1	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,820	4,235	5,580	14.9	13.1	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,430	3,880	4,555	12.8	12.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,735	3,300	3,435	10.2	10.2	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,980	2,740	2,245	7.5	8.5	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,575	2,060	1,515	5.4	6.4	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,585	1,070	4.0	4.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,110	730	2.8	3.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	3,900	2,675	1,225	5.9	8.2	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,940	1,975	965	4.5	6.1	2.9
$150,000 and over	960	700	260	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,385	34,135	35,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,275	1,690	1,580	4.7	5.0	4.5
With after-tax income	66,110	32,445	33,665	95.3	95.0	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,275	2,505	2,775	8.0	7.7	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	3,635	4,200	11.9	11.2	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,150	5,735	7,415	19.9	17.7	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,535	5,170	6,360	17.4	15.9	18.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,690	4,660	5,030	14.7	14.4	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,990	3,730	3,260	10.6	11.5	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,565	2,610	1,960	6.9	8.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,940	1,675	1,270	4.4	5.2	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,540	950	585	2.3	2.9	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	915	565	350	1.4	1.7	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,680	1,210	465	2.5	3.7	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005	730	280	1.5	2.2	0.8
$125,000 and over	670	480	190	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,385	34,135	35,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,775	9,175	11,595	29.9	26.9	32.9
With employment income	48,615	24,960	23,650	70.1	73.1	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,070	2,850	3,215	12.5	11.4	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,845	1,720	2,130	7.9	6.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,155	2,695	3,455	12.7	10.8	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,060	2,340	2,720	10.4	9.4	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,195	2,345	2,850	10.7	9.4	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,070	2,535	2,535	10.4	10.2	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,470	2,445	2,025	9.2	9.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	2,065	1,445	7.2	8.3	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,690	1,630	1,055	5.5	6.5	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,090	1,290	795	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,430	890	540	2.9	3.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,035	2,155	875	6.2	8.6	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,665	1,125	540	3.4	4.5	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,370	1,035	335	2.8	4.1	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,380	34,135	35,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,530	31,600	32,930	93.0	92.6	93.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,800	36,800	42,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,540	31,600	32,935	93.0	92.6	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,600	33,600	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,855	27,975	27,885	80.5	82.0	79.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,400	36,000	42,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,530	24,895	23,640	69.9	72.9	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	32,400	37,600	43,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,725	27,100	29,625	81.8	79.4	84.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,980	1,250	5,600	2,980	1,250	5,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,005	3,240	2,770	8.7	9.5	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,600	5,760	5,640	5,600	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,600	31,555	33,045	93.1	92.6	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	49,040	39,240	44,040	49,040	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,615	31,555	33,060	93.1	92.6	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	41,320	34,680	37,920	41,320	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,945	27,920	28,030	80.6	81.9	79.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	49,480	36,800	43,160	49,480	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,650	24,835	23,815	70.1	72.8	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,520	49,160	37,600	43,520	49,160	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,870	27,135	29,735	82.0	79.6	84.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,570	6,110	8,910	7,570	6,110	8,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,200	3,355	2,840	8.9	9.8	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	6,680	8,140	7,350	6,680	8,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,525	12,295	10,225	32.5	36.1	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	58,800	48,800	54,000	58,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,450	64,900	52,900	59,450	64,900	52,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,590	8,800	9,790	26.8	25.8	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,000	22,800	26,000	30,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	37,320	28,400	32,640	37,320	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	89.2	79.6	84.8	89.2	79.6
Employment income (%)	74.4	79.0	69.0	74.4	79.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)	15.2	10.7	20.4	15.2	10.7	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,280	...	...	47,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...	40,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,805	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,310	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,455	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,440	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,470	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,910	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,695	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,490	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,740	...	...	33.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,195	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,855	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,090	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,605	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,950	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,505	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,735	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,710	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,690	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,335	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,095	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,495	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,890	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,010	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,420	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,460	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,215	8,395	7,825	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,000	32,400	33,200	34,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,205	8,310	7,890	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,680	42,240	44,000	45,680	42,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,040	38,800	37,240	38,040	38,800	37,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	86,145	42,780	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,875	10,285	9,590	23.1	24.0	22.1
0 to 5 years	6,520	3,370	3,150	7.6	7.9	7.3
18 to 64 years	55,455	27,650	27,805	64.4	64.6	64.1
65 years and over	10,810	4,845	5,965	12.5	11.3	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,565	5,990	6,575	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,985	2,070	1,915	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,355	655	700	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,640	3,205	3,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,940	710	1,225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	14.0	15.2	14.6	14.0	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	20.1	20.1	19.9	20.1	20.1	19.9
0 to 5 years (%)	20.8	19.5	22.2	20.8	19.5	22.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.6	12.4	12.0	11.6	12.4
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.7	20.5	17.9	14.7	20.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,150	42,780	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,880	10,285	9,595	23.1	24.0	22.1
0 to 5 years	6,525	3,375	3,155	7.6	7.9	7.3
18 to 64 years	55,450	27,645	27,805	64.4	64.6	64.1
65 years and over	10,815	4,845	5,970	12.6	11.3	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,790	2,645	2,145	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,200	630	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	190	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,350	1,905	1,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	115	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	6.2	5.0	5.6	6.2	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.1	5.9	6.0	6.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.7	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.9	5.2	6.0	6.9	5.2
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	86,145	42,780	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,840	25,240	26,600	60.2	59.0	61.3
In bottom decile	11,595	5,715	5,875	13.5	13.4	13.5
In second decile	10,800	5,055	5,740	12.5	11.8	13.2
In third decile	10,330	5,025	5,300	12.0	11.7	12.2
In fourth decile	9,770	4,785	4,980	11.3	11.2	11.5
In fifth decile	9,345	4,650	4,695	10.8	10.9	10.8
In top half of the distribution	34,310	17,540	16,770	39.8	41.0	38.7
In sixth decile	8,775	4,460	4,315	10.2	10.4	9.9
In seventh decile	8,415	4,240	4,175	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	7,625	3,885	3,735	8.9	9.1	8.6
In ninth decile	5,890	3,040	2,855	6.8	7.1	6.6
In top decile	3,600	1,915	1,685	4.2	4.5	3.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	86,150	...	...	86,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	86,370	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80,575	40,215	40,355	93.3	93.8	92.8
French only	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,535	2,090	2,445	5.3	4.9	5.6
Neither English nor French	1,235	540	695	1.4	1.3	1.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	86,370	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	84,225	41,880	42,350	97.5	97.7	97.3
French	700	340	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	260	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,190	520	670	1.4	1.2	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	86,370	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,560	41,080	41,485	95.6	95.8	95.4
Official languages	64,355	32,220	32,135	74.5	75.2	73.9
English	63,585	31,840	31,745	73.6	74.3	73.0
French	775	380	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	18,210	8,860	9,345	21.1	20.7	21.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	860	345	515	1.0	0.8	1.2
Algonquian languages	705	285	420	0.8	0.7	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	625	250	375	0.7	0.6	0.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	625	250	375	0.7	0.6	0.9
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	400	160	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,350	8,515	8,835	20.1	19.9	20.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,025	530	495	1.2	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages	855	445	415	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	555	300	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	855	405	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	805	380	420	0.9	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,660	2,660	3,000	6.6	6.2	6.9
Bikol	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,865	2,300	2,570	5.6	5.4	5.9
Waray-Waray	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,740	3,905	3,840	9.0	9.1	8.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,410	660	750	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,400	655	745	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	300	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	765	350	410	0.9	0.8	0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	685	320	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	445	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	435	200	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,230	2,220	2,015	4.9	5.2	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,910	2,045	1,860	4.5	4.8	4.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	890	465	425	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gujarati	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	205	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,400	715	685	1.6	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,040	540	505	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	170	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,360	675	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	935	470	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,015	470	540	1.2	1.1	1.2
Chinese languages	705	315	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	100	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	430	200	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	310	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Burmese	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	230	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
S'gaw Karen	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,810	1,795	2,020	4.4	4.2	4.6
English and French	290	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,060	1,440	1,615	3.5	3.4	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	340	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	86,370	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,210	32,570	32,645	75.5	76.0	75.0
French	125	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	5,175	2,545	2,625	6.0	5.9	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,055	2,500	2,560	5.9	5.8	5.9
English and French	690	325	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	14,235	6,915	7,320	16.5	16.1	16.8
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	570	285	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	86,370	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,430	40,960	41,470	95.4	95.5	95.3
Official languages	70,845	35,215	35,630	82.0	82.1	81.9
English	70,645	35,115	35,525	81.8	81.9	81.7
French	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	11,585	5,745	5,845	13.4	13.4	13.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,375	5,655	5,720	13.2	13.2	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	725	360	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages	595	300	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	405	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	335	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	665	325	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,810	1,820	1,990	4.4	4.2	4.6
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,365	1,605	1,760	3.9	3.7	4.0
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,855	2,515	2,340	5.6	5.9	5.4
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	670	340	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	665	340	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	210	110	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	295	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,305	1,725	1,580	3.8	4.0	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,070	1,605	1,465	3.6	3.7	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	700	365	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
Gujarati	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,210	620	595	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	760	400	360	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	390	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	595	295	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	340	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	470	210	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,945	1,910	2,035	4.6	4.5	4.7
English and French	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,670	1,780	1,895	4.2	4.2	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	86,375	42,870	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,825	36,790	37,030	85.5	85.8	85.1
English	5,040	2,500	2,545	5.8	5.8	5.8
French	620	280	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	5,190	2,445	2,750	6.0	5.7	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	670	290	375	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-Indigenous	4,525	2,155	2,370	5.2	5.0	5.4
English and French	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	925	475	450	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	570	280	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,145	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,885	42,210	42,675	98.5	98.7	98.4
English	84,860	42,195	42,670	98.5	98.7	98.3
French	4,465	1,940	2,525	5.2	4.5	5.8
Non-official languages	24,495	11,875	12,625	28.4	27.8	29.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,660	695	965	1.9	1.6	2.2
Algonquian languages	1,370	600	770	1.6	1.4	1.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,250	530	720	1.5	1.2	1.7
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,250	530	720	1.5	1.2	1.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	520	205	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	125	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	605	250	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	230	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	230	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	230	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,860	11,180	11,680	26.5	26.2	26.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,560	785	775	1.8	1.8	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	250	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages	1,375	690	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
Amharic	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,005	500	500	1.2	1.2	1.2
Aramaic languages	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,185	565	620	1.4	1.3	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,110	520	585	1.3	1.2	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,635	3,655	3,980	8.9	8.5	9.2
Bikol	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cebuano	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	445	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,465	3,570	3,890	8.7	8.4	9.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	230	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Creole languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	210	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,070	5,010	5,065	11.7	11.7	11.7
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,750	775	980	2.0	1.8	2.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,750	775	980	2.0	1.8	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	660	320	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,180	500	685	1.4	1.2	1.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	915	450	460	1.1	1.1	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	300	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	590	300	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	275	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,435	2,865	2,575	6.3	6.7	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages	5,105	2,675	2,440	5.9	6.3	5.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	920	470	450	1.1	1.1	1.0
Gujarati	320	190	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	1,435	765	665	1.7	1.8	1.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	275	120	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,130	1,105	1,025	2.5	2.6	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,710	880	830	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	380	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,170	1,035	1,135	2.5	2.4	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	150	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	220	105	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,590	740	855	1.8	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	665	350	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dinka	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nuer	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	170	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,305	605	705	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese languages	910	385	525	1.1	0.9	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	440	170	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	520	220	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	385	215	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Burmese	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
S'gaw Karen	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lao	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,145	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,690	7,405	8,285	18.2	17.3	19.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,150	7,115	8,035	17.6	16.6	18.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,200	4,180	5,015	10.7	9.8	11.6
Métis	5,915	2,910	3,000	6.9	6.8	6.9
Inuk (Inuit)	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	415	220	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	70,455	35,350	35,110	81.8	82.7	80.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,145	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,320	3,730	4,585	9.7	8.7	10.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	77,825	39,020	38,805	90.3	91.3	89.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,730	...	...	59.2	...	...
Renter	14,285	...	...	40.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,125	...	...	14.6	...	...
Not condominium	29,885	...	...	85.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	335	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,455	...	...	15.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,310	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,800	...	...	30.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,115	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,895	...	...	34.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,750	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	4,970	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,065	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,330	...	...	23.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,615	...	...	96.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,395	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	32,380	...	...	92.5	...	...
Not suitable	2,630	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,510	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,765	...	...	36.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,400	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,010	...	...	5.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	855	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,890	...	...	5.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,285	...	...	9.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,295	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,895	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,120	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,610	...	...	53.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,355	...	...	41.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,465	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,410	...	...	18.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,300	...	...	20.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,060	...	...	17.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,425	...	...	18.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,490	...	...	12.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,070	...	...	5.9	...	...
85 years and over	800	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,555	...	...	76.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,290	...	...	23.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,690	...	...	22.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,915	...	...	34.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,335	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not suitable only	2,085	...	...	6.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,400	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	380	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,095	...	...	66.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,845	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not in core need	29,395	...	...	85.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.6	...	...	71.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,422	...	...	1,422	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,800	...	...	320,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,285	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.3	...	...	37.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,145	42,755	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,030	4,250	4,775	10.5	9.9	11.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,685	4,130	4,555	10.1	9.7	10.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,875	3,110	3,765	8.0	7.3	8.7
Métis single ancestry	1,800	1,010	790	2.1	2.4	1.8
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	340	125	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	340	120	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,545	3,125	3,425	7.6	7.3	7.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,180	2,945	3,240	7.2	6.9	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,490	1,635	1,860	4.1	3.8	4.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,665	1,295	1,365	3.1	3.0	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	360	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	70,570	35,380	35,195	81.9	82.8	81.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,145	42,755	43,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,060	37,530	38,525	88.3	87.8	88.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,245	9,400	8,845	21.2	22.0	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	57,815	28,135	29,680	67.1	65.8	68.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,090	5,220	4,865	11.7	12.2	11.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,145	42,755	43,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,825	32,495	33,330	76.4	76.0	76.8
Immigrants⁸¹	18,980	9,535	9,445	22.0	22.3	21.8
Before 1980	1,255	605	650	1.5	1.4	1.5
1980 to 1990	845	460	380	1.0	1.1	0.9
1991 to 2000	1,110	495	615	1.3	1.2	1.4
2001 to 2010	4,855	2,360	2,495	5.6	5.5	5.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,920	5,610	5,315	12.7	13.1	12.2
2011 to 2015	6,065	3,065	3,000	7.0	7.2	6.9
2016 to 2021	4,855	2,545	2,305	5.6	6.0	5.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,335	730	610	1.5	1.7	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,985	9,535	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,855	975	885	9.8	10.2	9.4
5 to 14 years	3,855	2,105	1,755	20.3	22.1	18.6
15 to 24 years	3,095	1,555	1,540	16.3	16.3	16.3
25 to 44 years	8,410	4,040	4,370	44.3	42.4	46.3
45 years and over	1,765	865	905	9.3	9.1	9.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,985	9,535	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,470	755	710	7.7	7.9	7.5
Brazil	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Colombia	95	60	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
El Salvador	230	115	120	1.2	1.2	1.3
Guyana	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	165	90	70	0.9	0.9	0.7
Mexico	155	80	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Peru	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	385	200	185	2.0	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	315	175	140	1.7	1.8	1.5
Europe	2,120	1,070	1,050	11.2	11.2	11.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	50	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Croatia	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	150	70	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Greece	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	120	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Netherlands	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Poland	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Portugal	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	125	70	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	495	225	270	2.6	2.4	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515	265	245	2.7	2.8	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	205	105	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
Africa	1,785	955	830	9.4	10.0	8.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	210	110	100	1.1	1.2	1.1
Ethiopia	165	95	65	0.9	1.0	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	395	230	170	2.1	2.4	1.8
Somalia	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	85	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	715	395	320	3.8	4.1	3.4
Asia	13,555	6,740	6,815	71.4	70.7	72.2
Afghanistan	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	110	60	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iraq	175	90	90	0.9	0.9	1.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	175	80	100	0.9	0.8	1.1
Turkey	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	370	120	245	1.9	1.3	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Philippines	7,200	3,515	3,690	37.9	36.9	39.1
Viet Nam	870	415	450	4.6	4.4	4.8
Bangladesh	720	365	355	3.8	3.8	3.8
India	1,525	815	710	8.0	8.5	7.5
Pakistan	1,235	655	575	6.5	6.9	6.1
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	970	500	470	5.1	5.2	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,855	2,545	2,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	280	160	115	5.8	6.3	5.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	45	25	1.3	1.8	1.1
Mexico	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.9
United States of America	105	60	40	2.2	2.4	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	20	1.2	1.4	0.9
Europe	285	145	140	5.9	5.7	6.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	115	45	75	2.4	1.8	3.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	75	35	35	1.5	1.4	1.5
Africa	840	475	360	17.3	18.7	15.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	50	25	25	1.0	1.0	1.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.9
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	170	90	80	3.5	3.5	3.5
Ethiopia	90	60	35	1.9	2.4	1.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	275	170	110	5.7	6.7	4.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	80	40	40	1.6	1.6	1.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	55	35	1.8	2.2	1.5
Asia	3,440	1,760	1,680	70.9	69.2	72.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	245	110	135	5.0	4.3	5.8
China⁹⁰	60	10	50	1.2	0.4	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	730	410	315	15.0	16.1	13.6
Iran⁸⁸	80	45	35	1.6	1.8	1.5
Iraq	45	30	15	0.9	1.2	0.6
Israel	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	225	120	110	4.6	4.7	4.8
Philippines	1,455	715	740	30.0	28.1	32.0
Saudi Arabia	30	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	165	80	85	3.4	3.1	3.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	275	155	120	5.7	6.1	5.2
Other places of birth in Asia	30	20	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Oceania and other⁹³	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.9
Australia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,145	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,665	10,450	10,215	24.0	24.4	23.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,995	5,490	5,510	12.8	12.8	12.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	54,480	26,815	27,665	63.2	62.7	63.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,730	8,935	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,840	6,120	5,725	66.8	68.5	65.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,430	2,665	1,765	25.0	29.8	20.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,415	3,455	3,955	41.8	38.7	45.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,985	1,240	1,740	16.8	13.9	19.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,870	1,555	1,315	16.2	17.4	15.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,730	8,935	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	245	175	75	1.4	2.0	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,330	1,180	1,155	13.1	13.2	13.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	335	165	170	1.9	1.8	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	685	365	320	3.9	4.1	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,060	7,020	7,040	79.3	78.6	80.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,145	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,110	11,565	11,550	26.8	27.1	26.6
South Asian	5,875	3,090	2,780	6.8	7.2	6.4
Chinese	925	385	545	1.1	0.9	1.3
Black	2,645	1,360	1,280	3.1	3.2	2.9
Filipino	8,765	4,315	4,450	10.2	10.1	10.3
Arab	555	265	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latin American	1,115	555	560	1.3	1.3	1.3
Southeast Asian	2,015	995	1,025	2.3	2.3	2.4
West Asian	355	200	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	600	265	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	63,035	31,195	31,840	73.2	73.0	73.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,145	42,755	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,060	3,825	3,235	8.2	8.9	7.5
English	13,415	6,470	6,940	15.6	15.1	16.0
Irish	9,835	4,775	5,065	11.4	11.2	11.7
Scottish	11,535	5,535	6,005	13.4	12.9	13.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,210	3,440	3,770	8.4	8.0	8.7
German	16,915	8,120	8,800	19.6	19.0	20.3
Chinese	1,530	655	880	1.8	1.5	2.0
Italian	1,140	595	545	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indian (India)	2,005	1,030	975	2.3	2.4	2.2
Ukrainian	10,960	5,290	5,670	12.7	12.4	13.1
Dutch	2,070	980	1,095	2.4	2.3	2.5
Polish	3,645	1,750	1,895	4.2	4.1	4.4
Québécois	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,465	780	685	1.7	1.8	1.6
Filipino	7,920	3,880	4,040	9.2	9.1	9.3
French Canadian	480	210	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,055	510	540	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,940	1,765	2,175	4.6	4.1	5.0
Métis	5,160	2,610	2,550	6.0	6.1	5.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,005	530	480	1.2	1.2	1.1
Russian	2,850	1,370	1,475	3.3	3.2	3.4
Norwegian	4,460	2,115	2,345	5.2	4.9	5.4
Welsh	1,445	715	730	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	770	380	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	790	365	420	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	1,775	865	910	2.1	2.0	2.1
Hungarian	1,520	740	780	1.8	1.7	1.8
Acadian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,120	580	540	1.3	1.4	1.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	495	285	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jewish	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	650	390	260	0.8	0.9	0.6
Vietnamese	1,050	495	555	1.2	1.2	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	260	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	860	440	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,690	1,655	2,035	4.3	3.9	4.7
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	635	295	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	165	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	585	350	235	0.7	0.8	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,310	565	745	1.5	1.3	1.7
Sikh	440	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austrian	785	420	365	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belgian	425	235	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	230	150	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	810	430	380	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swiss	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	270	110	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	130	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Japanese	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	445	255	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Muslim	480	250	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Egyptian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	385	215	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	390	190	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	215	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyanese	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	715	395	325	0.8	0.9	0.7
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	215	110	110	0.2	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	245	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	235	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	250	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Canadian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igbo	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	480	220	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	235	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	685	340	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	440	190	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	520	275	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	110	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burundian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	295	150	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,140	42,750	43,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	780	365	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Christian	44,185	20,905	23,285	51.3	48.9	53.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,935	3,480	3,455	8.1	8.1	8.0
Anabaptist	1,050	535	515	1.2	1.3	1.2
Anglican	1,905	920	980	2.2	2.2	2.3
Baptist	965	465	500	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	21,655	10,330	11,320	25.1	24.2	26.1
Christian Orthodox	1,225	595	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	530	235	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,620	650	970	1.9	1.5	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,230	550	685	1.4	1.3	1.6
Presbyterian	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,745	1,605	2,140	4.3	3.8	4.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,595	1,185	1,415	3.0	2.8	3.3
Hindu	835	480	355	1.0	1.1	0.8
Jewish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	4,060	2,185	1,870	4.7	5.1	4.3
Sikh	1,620	830	785	1.9	1.9	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	910	380	535	1.1	0.9	1.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	890	305	585	1.0	0.7	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	32,750	17,245	15,505	38.0	40.3	35.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,105	42,195	42,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,395	35,360	36,040	83.9	83.8	84.0
Movers	13,705	6,835	6,865	16.1	16.2	16.0
Non-migrants	10,440	5,230	5,210	12.3	12.4	12.1
Migrants	3,260	1,605	1,660	3.8	3.8	3.9
Internal migrants	2,730	1,335	1,395	3.2	3.2	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,745	810	935	2.1	1.9	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	985	520	460	1.2	1.2	1.1
External migrants	535	270	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,780	39,920	40,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,595	22,010	22,585	55.2	55.1	55.3
Movers	36,185	17,910	18,270	44.8	44.9	44.7
Non-migrants	23,190	11,360	11,825	28.7	28.5	28.9
Migrants	12,995	6,545	6,445	16.1	16.4	15.8
Internal migrants	8,720	4,265	4,450	10.8	10.7	10.9
Intraprovincial migrants	6,345	3,070	3,270	7.9	7.7	8.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,380	1,200	1,180	2.9	3.0	2.9
External migrants	4,270	2,280	1,995	5.3	5.7	4.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,370	34,095	35,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,010	7,680	6,330	20.2	22.5	17.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,360	26,415	28,945	79.8	77.5	82.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,510	23,565	23,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,470	3,745	2,725	13.6	15.9	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,040	19,820	21,215	86.4	84.1	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,725	6,875	5,855	18.3	20.2	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,175	11,855	11,320	33.4	34.8	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,470	15,370	18,100	48.2	45.1	51.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,690	9,525	10,160	28.4	27.9	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,360	4,570	1,790	9.2	13.4	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,605	1,450	1,150	3.8	4.3	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,760	3,120	640	5.4	9.2	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,360	4,080	7,280	16.4	12.0	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965	875	1,090	2.8	2.6	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,785	5,845	7,940	19.9	17.1	22.5
Bachelor's degree	10,160	4,190	5,970	14.6	12.3	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600	255	345	0.9	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	2,355	1,080	1,270	3.4	3.2	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	405	215	190	0.6	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,505	23,565	23,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,700	3,275	2,430	12.0	13.9	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,935	7,970	6,965	31.4	33.8	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,870	12,315	14,550	56.6	52.3	60.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,005	7,320	7,685	31.6	31.1	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,810	3,485	1,325	10.1	14.8	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,920	1,080	840	4.0	4.6	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,890	2,400	485	6.1	10.2	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,800	3,170	5,625	18.5	13.5	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,395	660	735	2.9	2.8	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,860	5,000	6,865	25.0	21.2	28.7
Bachelor's degree	8,745	3,585	5,160	18.4	15.2	21.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	210	260	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	75	155	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	2,090	960	1,130	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	175	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,900	18,730	17,175	51.8	54.9	48.7
Education	2,390	670	1,720	3.4	2.0	4.9
13. Education	2,390	670	1,720	3.4	2.0	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	330	575	1.3	1.0	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	770	245	530	1.1	0.7	1.5
Humanities	1,645	775	875	2.4	2.3	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	420	195	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	130	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	245	210	0.7	0.7	0.6
54. History	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,920	890	2,025	4.2	2.6	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	90	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	80	530	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	415	130	285	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	550	145	405	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	995	400	595	1.4	1.2	1.7
Business, management and public administration	7,160	2,210	4,950	10.3	6.5	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	120	665	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,360	2,090	4,270	9.2	6.1	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,070	515	560	1.5	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590	255	340	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	225	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,365	830	535	2.0	2.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,080	710	370	1.6	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	125	20	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,470	6,695	780	10.8	19.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	170	105	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,365	1,115	250	2.0	3.3	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,235	210	2.1	3.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,805	1,695	110	2.6	5.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,650	1,580	70	2.4	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,035	960	75	1.5	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	455	325	1.1	1.3	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	600	345	260	0.9	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,515	1,000	4,510	8.0	2.9	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	110	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,155	870	4,285	7.4	2.6	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,245	995	1,245	3.2	2.9	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,425	340	1,080	2.1	1.0	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	245	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	395	45	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,505	23,565	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,640	11,250	9,390	43.4	47.7	39.2
Education	1,800	490	1,310	3.8	2.1	5.5
13. Education	1,800	490	1,310	3.8	2.1	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	765	290	475	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	675	225	445	1.4	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,245	605	640	2.6	2.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	335	160	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	110	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	190	125	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,355	720	1,635	5.0	3.1	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	50	415	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	345	100	245	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	430	115	315	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	820	345	470	1.7	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	5,775	1,750	4,020	12.2	7.4	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	85	555	1.3	0.4	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,125	1,665	3,455	10.8	7.1	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	860	415	445	1.8	1.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	505	215	285	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	125	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,160	730	430	2.4	3.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	950	635	305	2.0	2.7	1.3
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,060	5,360	700	12.8	22.7	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	145	100	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,220	985	230	2.6	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,185	985	200	2.5	4.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,455	1,350	100	3.1	5.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,250	1,190	60	2.6	5.0	0.3
48. Precision production	810	750	65	1.7	3.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	350	300	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	505	280	225	1.1	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	4,420	815	3,610	9.3	3.5	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	85	175	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,105	705	3,395	8.6	3.0	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,765	785	980	3.7	3.3	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,100	250	845	2.3	1.1	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	200	100	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	320	35	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,505	23,565	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,640	11,250	9,390	43.4	47.7	39.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,865	12,320	14,545	56.6	52.3	60.7
Location of study inside Canada	20,160	9,045	11,115	42.4	38.4	46.4
Same as province or territory of residence	16,790	7,420	9,370	35.3	31.5	39.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,365	1,625	1,745	7.1	6.9	7.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,705	3,270	3,435	14.1	13.9	14.3
Americas	575	280	295	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	360	165	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	660	345	310	1.4	1.5	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	225	125	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	360	200	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	150	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	5,060	2,420	2,635	10.7	10.3	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	3,020	1,395	1,630	6.4	5.9	6.8
Viet Nam	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	310	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	855	430	425	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pakistan	435	245	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,370	34,095	35,275	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,125	23,885	22,235	...	...	...
Employed	41,580	21,475	20,105	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,545	2,420	2,125	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,245	10,205	13,040	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	70.1	63.0	66.5	70.1	63.0
Employment rate	59.9	63.0	57.0	59.9	63.0	57.0
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.1	9.6	9.9	10.1	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,370	34,095	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,935	11,305	13,630	35.9	33.2	38.6
Worked	44,440	22,790	21,645	64.1	66.8	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,385	12,775	10,615	33.7	37.5	30.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,050	10,020	11,035	30.3	29.4	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.5	40.8	41.2	41.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,120	23,890	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	680	720	3.0	2.8	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,720	23,205	21,515	97.0	97.1	96.8
Employee	40,215	20,630	19,580	87.2	86.4	88.1
Permanent position	33,795	17,485	16,310	73.3	73.2	73.4
Temporary position	6,415	3,140	3,275	13.9	13.1	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,940	770	1,165	4.2	3.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,475	2,370	2,110	9.7	9.9	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,510	2,575	1,930	9.8	10.8	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,120	23,890	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	680	720	3.0	2.8	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,720	23,205	21,515	97.0	97.1	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	95	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,505	1,830	4,675	14.1	7.7	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,230	1,660	575	4.8	6.9	2.6
3 Health occupations	3,840	715	3,120	8.3	3.0	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,960	1,405	3,555	10.8	5.9	16.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,000	400	605	2.2	1.7	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	13,045	5,700	7,340	28.3	23.9	33.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,545	8,835	710	20.7	37.0	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	985	795	190	2.1	3.3	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,395	1,770	620	5.2	7.4	2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,120	23,890	22,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	680	720	3.0	2.8	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	44,720	23,205	21,515	97.0	97.1	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	495	290	205	1.1	1.2	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	760	620	135	1.6	2.6	0.6
22 Utilities	225	180	50	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	3,945	3,495	445	8.6	14.6	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,565	2,630	935	7.7	11.0	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,830	1,270	560	4.0	5.3	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,280	2,530	2,750	11.4	10.6	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,725	2,280	445	5.9	9.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	600	275	320	1.3	1.2	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,010	300	710	2.2	1.3	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	465	275	1.6	1.9	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,225	1,075	1,155	4.8	4.5	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,065	1,190	875	4.5	5.0	3.9
61 Educational services	3,115	990	2,125	6.8	4.1	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,955	1,370	5,590	15.1	5.7	25.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	805	375	430	1.7	1.6	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,870	1,720	2,150	8.4	7.2	9.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,500	1,235	1,260	5.4	5.2	5.7
91 Public administration	1,920	890	1,025	4.2	3.7	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,540	24,980	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,860	24,180	22,680	96.5	96.8	96.3
French	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	250	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	190	85	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,155	580	575	2.4	2.3	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,540	24,980	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,310	24,845	23,465	99.5	99.5	99.6
Official languages	47,825	24,615	23,210	98.5	98.5	98.5
English	47,725	24,595	23,135	98.3	98.5	98.2
French	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	485	230	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	475	230	245	1.0	0.9	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	110	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	135	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	135	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	125	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,540	24,980	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,375	24,435	22,940	97.6	97.8	97.4
English	260	115	150	0.5	0.5	0.6
French	135	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	685	335	350	1.4	1.3	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	635	310	320	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	41,580	21,470	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,835	1,935	2,895	11.6	9.0	14.4
Worked outside Canada	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,050	4,515	1,540	14.6	21.0	7.7
Usual place of work	30,645	14,990	15,655	73.7	69.8	77.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,645	14,995	15,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,310	13,390	14,920	92.4	89.3	95.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,390	990	400	4.5	6.6	2.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	760	475	290	2.5	3.2	1.9
Commute to a different province or territory	190	145	50	0.6	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,700	19,510	17,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,305	17,500	14,805	88.0	89.7	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,385	16,570	12,820	80.1	84.9	74.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,915	925	1,985	7.9	4.7	11.5
Public transit	1,585	605	980	4.3	3.1	5.7
Walked	1,665	760	905	4.5	3.9	5.3
Bicycle	410	250	155	1.1	1.3	0.9
Other method	735	395	345	2.0	2.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,700	19,510	17,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,850	6,730	7,120	37.7	34.5	41.4
15 to 29 minutes	18,445	10,110	8,335	50.3	51.8	48.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,725	1,630	1,095	7.4	8.4	6.4
45 to 59 minutes	660	400	260	1.8	2.1	1.5
60 minutes and over	1,015	635	380	2.8	3.3	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,700	19,510	17,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,975	1,360	615	5.4	7.0	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,050	3,765	2,285	16.5	19.3	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,585	5,640	4,945	28.8	28.9	28.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,125	3,225	3,900	19.4	16.5	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,240	1,790	2,455	11.6	9.2	14.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,720	3,725	3,000	18.3	19.1	17.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,250	10,465	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,725	875	850	8.5	8.4	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,520	9,585	8,935	91.5	91.6	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,525	7,515	7,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,310	645	665	9.0	8.6	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	430	475	6.2	5.7	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	215	195	2.8	2.9	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,210	6,870	6,340	90.9	91.4	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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