Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Souris--Moose MountainMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	70,579	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	72,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.8	...	...	- 2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,434	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,966	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	41,456.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	70,580	35,495	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,195	7,220	6,975	20.1	20.3	19.9
0 to 4 years	4,280	2,195	2,085	6.1	6.2	5.9
5 to 9 years	4,890	2,485	2,400	6.9	7.0	6.8
10 to 14 years	5,025	2,540	2,485	7.1	7.2	7.1
15 to 64 years	42,640	21,710	20,930	60.4	61.2	59.7
15 to 19 years	4,330	2,175	2,155	6.1	6.1	6.1
20 to 24 years	3,245	1,705	1,540	4.6	4.8	4.4
25 to 29 years	3,795	1,965	1,830	5.4	5.5	5.2
30 to 34 years	4,530	2,265	2,265	6.4	6.4	6.5
35 to 39 years	4,615	2,310	2,310	6.5	6.5	6.6
40 to 44 years	4,495	2,310	2,185	6.4	6.5	6.2
45 to 49 years	3,980	2,075	1,905	5.6	5.8	5.4
50 to 54 years	3,965	2,020	1,950	5.6	5.7	5.6
55 to 59 years	4,765	2,400	2,365	6.8	6.8	6.7
60 to 64 years	4,915	2,495	2,420	7.0	7.0	6.9
65 years and over	13,740	6,560	7,180	19.5	18.5	20.5
65 to 69 years	4,330	2,215	2,110	6.1	6.2	6.0
70 to 74 years	3,285	1,670	1,615	4.7	4.7	4.6
75 to 79 years	2,385	1,110	1,270	3.4	3.1	3.6
80 to 84 years	1,610	755	855	2.3	2.1	2.4
85 years and over	2,140	815	1,325	3.0	2.3	3.8
85 to 89 years	1,230	510	730	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	655	260	400	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	195	45	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	55	5	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.1	20.3	19.9	20.1	20.3	19.9
15 to 64 years	60.4	61.2	59.7	60.4	61.2	59.7
65 years and over	19.5	18.5	20.5	19.5	18.5	20.5
85 years and over	3.0	2.3	3.8	3.0	2.3	3.8
Average age of the population	41.0	40.4	41.6	41.0	40.4	41.6
Median age of the population	40.8	40.4	41.2	40.8	40.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,450	...	...	81.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	665	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	605	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,505	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,340	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,615	...	...	29.7	...	...
2 persons	10,745	...	...	37.1	...	...
3 persons	3,425	...	...	11.8	...	...
4 persons	3,535	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,635	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	69,020	34,910	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	56,385	28,280	28,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,175	17,665	17,510	62.4	62.5	62.3
Married	29,310	14,735	14,575	52.0	52.1	51.8
Living common-law	5,865	2,930	2,935	10.4	10.4	10.4
Living common law - Never married	4,245	2,165	2,080	7.5	7.7	7.4
Living common law - Separated	280	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,205	570	630	2.1	2.0	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	21,210	10,610	10,600	37.6	37.5	37.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,215	7,680	5,530	23.4	27.2	19.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,355	650	705	2.4	2.3	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,855	1,450	1,410	5.1	5.1	5.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,780	830	2,950	6.7	2.9	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,765	...	...	54.1	...	...
3 persons	3,355	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	3,450	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,310	...	...	11.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,180	...	...	86.4	...	...
Married couples	14,250	...	...	71.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,585	...	...	33.1	...	...
Without children	7,660	...	...	38.5	...	...
Common-law couples	2,930	...	...	14.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,700	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,940	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	760	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	69,020	34,915	34,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	57,865	28,825	29,040	83.8	82.6	85.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,360	17,180	17,185	49.8	49.2	50.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,695	755	1,940	3.9	2.2	5.7
Children⁶	20,805	10,885	9,925	30.1	31.2	29.1
In a two-parent family	16,295	8,465	7,830	23.6	24.2	23.0
In a one-parent family	4,515	2,420	2,090	6.5	6.9	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,160	6,085	5,070	16.2	17.4	14.9
Living alone	8,615	4,645	3,975	12.5	13.3	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,090	575	510	1.6	1.6	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,450	865	585	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,650	...	...	64.4	...	...
Couple-family households	16,505	...	...	57.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,570	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	8,930	...	...	30.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,150	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	355	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	535	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	730	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	8,620	...	...	29.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	54,890	27,725	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,935	26,770	26,165	96.4	96.6	96.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,800	36,400	43,200	52,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,970	26,790	26,180	96.5	96.6	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,600	39,200	46,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,995	25,150	23,845	89.3	90.7	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	47,600	28,000	36,800	47,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,015	21,375	18,635	72.9	77.1	68.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,000	27,200	35,200	46,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,295	23,065	23,235	84.3	83.2	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,400	9,900	8,600	6,400	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,690	2,470	2,225	8.5	8.9	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,920	6,040	6,000	5,920	6,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,460	5,615	5,845	20.9	20.3	21.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	54,960	27,770	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,035	26,790	26,245	96.5	96.5	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,400	67,600	42,920	55,400	67,600	42,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,070	26,820	26,255	96.6	96.6	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,080	54,200	37,800	46,080	54,200	37,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,140	25,160	23,980	89.4	90.6	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,240	63,700	36,120	50,240	63,700	36,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,080	21,395	18,680	72.9	77.0	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,080	60,250	34,200	48,080	60,250	34,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,290	22,995	23,295	84.2	82.8	85.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,130	9,070	11,170	10,130	9,070	11,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,670	2,500	2,175	8.5	9.0	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,410	7,460	6,900	6,410	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,405	5,565	5,840	20.8	20.0	21.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	9,080	8,600	8,840	9,080	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	54,960	27,765	27,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,405	11,680	7,725	35.3	42.1	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	69,000	48,800	59,200	69,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	77,700	53,450	68,000	77,700	53,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,995	6,950	8,045	27.3	25.0	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,000	16,200	20,000	25,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,480	47,560	23,180	34,480	47,560	23,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.4	76.8	84.0	88.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	71.2	56.7	65.6	71.2	56.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	11.5	23.1	16.0	11.5	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.1	5.7	4.1	3.1	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.8	4.5	3.4	2.8	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	54,885	27,725	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,950	955	1,000	3.6	3.4	3.7
With total income	52,940	26,765	26,170	96.5	96.5	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,655	1,970	2,680	8.8	7.4	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,790	2,325	3,460	10.9	8.7	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	7,660	3,215	4,450	14.5	12.0	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,355	2,545	3,805	12.0	9.5	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,015	2,660	3,355	11.4	9.9	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,020	2,470	2,545	9.5	9.2	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,870	2,135	1,730	7.3	8.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,005	1,840	1,165	5.7	6.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,390	1,480	915	4.5	5.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,895	1,230	670	3.6	4.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,285	4,895	1,390	11.9	18.3	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,450	3,345	1,110	8.4	12.5	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,830	1,550	285	3.5	5.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	54,885	27,725	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,920	935	985	3.5	3.4	3.6
With after-tax income	52,970	26,790	26,180	96.5	96.6	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,875	2,075	2,800	9.2	7.7	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,030	2,430	3,600	11.4	9.1	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	8,600	3,585	5,010	16.2	13.4	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,570	3,210	4,365	14.3	12.0	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,165	3,430	3,740	13.5	12.8	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,470	3,030	2,440	10.3	11.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930	2,355	1,575	7.4	8.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,885	1,780	1,100	5.4	6.6	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,005	1,365	645	3.8	5.1	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355	995	365	2.6	3.7	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,080	2,525	550	5.8	9.4	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,825	1,495	335	3.4	5.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,250	1,035	215	2.4	3.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	54,885	27,725	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	14,870	6,345	8,530	27.1	22.9	31.4
With employment income	40,015	21,375	18,640	72.9	77.1	68.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,140	2,875	3,260	15.3	13.5	17.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,280	1,480	1,800	8.2	6.9	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,790	2,175	2,615	12.0	10.2	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,895	1,640	2,255	9.7	7.7	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,605	1,590	2,020	9.0	7.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,415	1,580	1,840	8.5	7.4	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	1,500	1,425	7.3	7.0	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,370	1,455	915	5.9	6.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,915	1,225	690	4.8	5.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,690	1,065	625	4.2	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,350	910	440	3.4	4.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,635	3,885	755	11.6	18.2	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,195	1,710	490	5.5	8.0	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,440	2,175	270	6.1	10.2	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	54,890	27,725	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,900	26,245	25,650	94.6	94.7	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	54,000	34,400	42,400	54,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,910	26,250	25,665	94.6	94.7	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	32,000	38,400	46,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,415	24,880	23,530	88.2	89.7	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	51,200	29,200	38,800	51,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,820	21,295	18,525	72.5	76.8	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	50,400	28,600	37,600	50,400	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,800	21,920	21,885	79.8	79.1	80.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	1,200	6,600	3,640	1,200	6,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,775	1,750	2,025	6.9	6.3	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,560	6,550	6,040	5,560	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	54,960	27,770	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,835	26,160	25,670	94.3	94.2	94.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,150	67,500	40,560	54,150	67,500	40,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,845	26,165	25,685	94.3	94.2	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	53,650	35,560	44,680	53,650	35,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,350	24,785	23,560	88.0	89.3	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,300	65,600	36,240	51,300	65,600	36,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,710	21,195	18,515	72.3	76.3	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	61,850	34,320	49,000	61,850	34,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,585	21,705	21,875	79.3	78.2	80.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,350	8,550	7,450	6,350	8,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,780	1,820	1,960	6.9	6.6	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,120	7,100	9,060	8,120	7,100	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	54,960	27,765	27,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,235	11,565	7,675	35.0	41.7	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	70,500	45,600	57,200	70,500	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	77,300	49,720	66,300	77,300	49,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,095	6,545	7,550	25.6	23.6	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	36,000	20,400	25,400	36,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,560	52,100	26,840	38,560	52,100	26,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	92.2	82.0	88.4	92.2	82.0
Employment income (%)	69.4	74.2	61.0	69.4	74.2	61.0
Government transfers (%)	11.6	7.8	18.0	11.6	7.8	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,200	...	...	64,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,920	...	...	50,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,500	...	...	98,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,245	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,065	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,090	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,130	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,090	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,165	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,095	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,905	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,840	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,430	...	...	39.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,505	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,605	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,115	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,205	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	530	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,330	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,100	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,240	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,330	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,310	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,570	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,400	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,300	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,840	...	...	30.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,625	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,360	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,855	...	...	9.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,070	5,510	4,560	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	46,400	36,400	41,200	46,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	41,200	33,600	37,200	41,200	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,600	...	...	140,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,005	5,515	4,490	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,650	74,100	46,320	61,650	74,100	46,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,280	56,400	40,520	49,280	56,400	40,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	69,025	34,910	34,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,870	8,550	8,330	24.4	24.5	24.4
0 to 5 years	5,185	2,620	2,565	7.5	7.5	7.5
18 to 64 years	39,545	20,165	19,380	57.3	57.8	56.8
65 years and over	12,605	6,195	6,405	18.3	17.7	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,625	4,175	4,455	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,385	1,200	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	745	360	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,205	2,115	2,090	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,035	865	1,170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	12.0	13.1	12.5	12.0	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.1	14.0	14.2	14.1	14.0	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.4	13.7	15.1	14.4	13.7	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.5	10.8	10.6	10.5	10.8
65 years and over (%)	16.2	13.9	18.3	16.2	13.9	18.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	65,185	32,975	32,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,435	7,800	7,635	23.7	23.7	23.7
0 to 5 years	4,755	2,415	2,345	7.3	7.3	7.3
18 to 64 years	37,590	19,180	18,405	57.7	58.2	57.1
65 years and over	12,160	5,990	6,170	18.7	18.2	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,835	1,015	825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	415	220	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,235	695	540	...	...	...
65 years and over	185	95	95	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.1	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	2.9	3.3	3.6	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	69,025	34,910	34,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	35,995	17,670	18,320	52.1	50.6	53.7
In bottom decile	7,200	3,550	3,655	10.4	10.2	10.7
In second decile	7,125	3,345	3,780	10.3	9.6	11.1
In third decile	7,240	3,530	3,710	10.5	10.1	10.9
In fourth decile	7,225	3,595	3,630	10.5	10.3	10.6
In fifth decile	7,200	3,650	3,550	10.4	10.5	10.4
In top half of the distribution	33,025	17,235	15,790	47.8	49.4	46.3
In sixth decile	7,085	3,650	3,440	10.3	10.5	10.1
In seventh decile	6,815	3,495	3,315	9.9	10.0	9.7
In eighth decile	6,905	3,595	3,305	10.0	10.3	9.7
In ninth decile	6,515	3,405	3,110	9.4	9.8	9.1
In top decile	5,710	3,090	2,620	8.3	8.9	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	69,020	...	...	69,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	67,560	34,250	33,310	97.3	97.5	97.0
French only	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,780	810	975	2.6	2.3	2.8
Neither English nor French	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,680	34,740	33,940	98.9	98.9	98.8
French	655	310	345	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,445	34,650	33,795	98.5	98.7	98.4
Official languages	64,080	32,525	31,555	92.2	92.6	91.8
English	63,295	32,150	31,145	91.1	91.6	90.7
French	780	370	415	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	4,365	2,125	2,235	6.3	6.1	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,215	2,045	2,170	6.1	5.8	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,600	735	865	2.3	2.1	2.5
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,365	630	735	2.0	1.8	2.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,030	1,010	1,030	2.9	2.9	3.0
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	450	205	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	425	195	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	995	495	500	1.4	1.4	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	665	325	340	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	660	320	340	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	190	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	325	180	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	50	50	0.2	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,025	470	560	1.5	1.3	1.6
English and French	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	785	355	425	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,555	32,710	31,845	92.9	93.2	92.7
French	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	940	485	455	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	930	480	445	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and French	320	155	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,455	1,680	1,780	5.0	4.8	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,680	34,730	33,950	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	66,295	33,525	32,770	95.4	95.5	95.4
English	66,160	33,455	32,700	95.2	95.3	95.2
French	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	2,390	1,210	1,180	3.4	3.4	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,370	1,195	1,175	3.4	3.4	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,030	505	525	1.5	1.4	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	940	460	480	1.4	1.3	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,025	525	495	1.5	1.5	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	450	230	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	310	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	270	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	790	385	400	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	700	345	360	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	69,470	35,115	34,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,235	33,555	32,680	95.3	95.6	95.1
English	1,285	645	645	1.8	1.8	1.9
French	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,405	655	745	2.0	1.9	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,220	555	660	1.8	1.6	1.9
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	69,035	34,920	34,115	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	69,030	34,915	34,110	99.9	99.8	99.9
French	1,755	795	960	2.5	2.3	2.8
Non-official languages	5,950	2,930	3,020	8.6	8.4	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	455	250	205	0.7	0.7	0.6
Algonquian languages	280	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	180	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assiniboine	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dakota	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,495	2,680	2,810	7.9	7.7	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,335	1,050	1,290	3.4	3.0	3.8
Bikol	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	245	105	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,275	1,020	1,255	3.3	2.9	3.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,315	1,185	1,130	3.3	3.4	3.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	545	275	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	540	270	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	355	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	875	430	445	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	555	255	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	555	250	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	320	185	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	485	300	185	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	450	275	175	0.7	0.8	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	250	150	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	410	190	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	350	155	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	175	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,090	3,575	3,515	10.3	10.2	10.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,990	3,535	3,455	10.1	10.1	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,855	2,490	2,370	7.0	7.1	6.9
Métis	2,110	1,035	1,075	3.1	3.0	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	62,030	31,400	30,625	89.7	89.8	89.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,590	2,345	2,250	6.6	6.7	6.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	64,530	32,635	31,900	93.4	93.3	93.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,240	...	...	76.7	...	...
Renter	5,745	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,015	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,710	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not condominium	27,285	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,085	...	...	7.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,295	...	...	21.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,900	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,675	...	...	36.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,270	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 rooms	4,560	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,660	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,240	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,270	...	...	35.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,615	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	28,220	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	775	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,615	...	...	26.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,885	...	...	34.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,920	...	...	13.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,975	...	...	6.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	765	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,610	...	...	5.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,235	...	...	7.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	995	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,450	...	...	91.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,545	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,245	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,235	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	515	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	980	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,260	...	...	14.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,070	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,540	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,710	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,610	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,640	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,185	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,580	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,330	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,005	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,245	...	...	21.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,085	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not suitable only	585	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,185	...	...	7.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,750	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,110	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	22,475	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,132	...	...	1,132	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	256,800	...	...	256,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,595	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.5	...	...	25.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	262	...	...	262	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	307	...	...	307	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,675	2,365	2,310	6.8	6.8	6.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,620	2,335	2,280	6.7	6.7	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,125	2,135	1,990	6.0	6.1	5.8
Métis single ancestry	490	200	290	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,820	1,375	1,445	4.1	3.9	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,760	1,340	1,415	4.0	3.8	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,390	705	685	2.0	2.0	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,360	630	725	2.0	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	61,625	31,235	30,395	89.2	89.3	89.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	65,930	33,400	32,530	95.4	95.5	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,280	8,275	8,005	23.6	23.7	23.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,645	25,125	24,520	71.8	71.8	71.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,190	1,575	1,610	4.6	4.5	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,735	32,325	31,410	92.2	92.4	92.0
Immigrants⁸¹	4,915	2,345	2,575	7.1	6.7	7.5
Before 1980	485	225	265	0.7	0.6	0.8
1980 to 1990	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	245	85	160	0.4	0.2	0.5
2001 to 2010	910	495	410	1.3	1.4	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,130	1,470	1,655	4.5	4.2	4.8
2011 to 2015	1,570	770	800	2.3	2.2	2.3
2016 to 2021	1,555	700	855	2.2	2.0	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	470	310	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,915	2,345	2,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	470	250	220	9.6	10.7	8.6
5 to 14 years	965	440	525	19.6	18.8	20.4
15 to 24 years	750	335	415	15.3	14.3	16.1
25 to 44 years	2,365	1,145	1,225	48.1	48.8	47.7
45 years and over	365	170	190	7.4	7.2	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,915	2,345	2,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	650	285	365	13.2	12.2	14.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Mexico	130	65	70	2.6	2.8	2.7
Peru	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	355	160	195	7.2	6.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Americas	105	40	65	2.1	1.7	2.5
Europe	965	470	495	19.6	20.0	19.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Germany	145	55	85	3.0	2.3	3.3
Greece	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	15	0.7	1.1	0.6
Poland	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	210	105	105	4.3	4.5	4.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	200	185	7.8	8.5	7.2
Other places of birth in Europe	110	50	60	2.2	2.1	2.3
Africa	340	215	130	6.9	9.2	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	10	0	0.0	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	50	30	25	1.0	1.3	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	170	90	80	3.5	3.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Africa	95	70	30	1.9	3.0	1.2
Asia	2,930	1,355	1,570	59.6	57.8	61.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	50	40	1.8	2.1	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	1.2	1.3	1.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	2,265	1,015	1,255	46.1	43.3	48.8
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	30	25	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
India	255	130	130	5.2	5.5	5.1
Pakistan	55	35	20	1.1	1.5	0.8
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	25	55	1.5	1.1	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	20	10	0.5	0.9	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,555	705	855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	70	25	50	4.5	3.5	5.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	10	0.6	1.4	1.2
United States of America	35	15	20	2.3	2.1	2.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.8
Europe	165	95	70	10.6	13.5	8.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	80	40	40	5.1	5.7	4.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	15	3.5	5.7	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.2
Africa	150	80	70	9.6	11.3	8.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	50	6.4	7.8	5.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	15	1.6	2.1	1.8
Asia	1,160	495	660	74.6	70.2	77.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	1.3	2.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	60	55	7.7	8.5	6.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Philippines	995	420	580	64.0	59.6	67.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.6	1.4	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,670	2,805	2,865	8.2	8.0	8.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,580	3,265	3,310	9.5	9.3	9.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	56,880	28,905	27,975	82.3	82.6	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,430	2,120	2,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,545	1,765	1,775	80.0	83.3	76.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,380	955	435	31.2	45.0	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,160	820	1,345	48.8	38.7	58.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	775	295	480	17.5	13.9	20.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	55	45	2.3	2.6	1.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,430	2,120	2,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	50	40	2.0	2.4	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,225	690	530	27.7	32.5	22.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	155	80	75	3.5	3.8	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	95	60	3.4	4.5	2.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	25	35	1.4	1.2	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,750	1,180	1,570	62.1	55.7	68.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,750	2,395	2,365	6.9	6.8	6.9
South Asian	740	440	300	1.1	1.3	0.9
Chinese	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	360	210	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Filipino	2,740	1,275	1,460	4.0	3.6	4.3
Arab	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,365	32,580	31,780	93.1	93.2	93.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,050	4,565	4,485	13.1	13.1	13.1
English	17,380	8,450	8,930	25.1	24.2	26.2
Irish	10,825	5,210	5,615	15.7	14.9	16.4
Scottish	13,645	6,705	6,940	19.7	19.2	20.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,065	3,885	4,180	11.7	11.1	12.2
German	19,080	9,595	9,485	27.6	27.4	27.8
Chinese	320	145	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italian	505	280	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	365	215	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ukrainian	6,875	3,425	3,450	9.9	9.8	10.1
Dutch	1,570	785	785	2.3	2.2	2.3
Polish	3,000	1,455	1,545	4.3	4.2	4.5
Québécois	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,145	585	560	1.7	1.7	1.6
Filipino	2,545	1,185	1,360	3.7	3.4	4.0
French Canadian	435	200	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,160	605	550	1.7	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,955	985	965	2.8	2.8	2.8
Métis	1,965	895	1,065	2.8	2.6	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	800	455	350	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian	1,770	855	910	2.6	2.4	2.7
Norwegian	5,515	2,665	2,845	8.0	7.6	8.3
Welsh	1,060	475	585	1.5	1.4	1.7
Portuguese	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
American	790	435	355	1.1	1.2	1.0
Spanish	265	95	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swedish	2,615	1,320	1,285	3.8	3.8	3.8
Hungarian	2,140	1,095	1,040	3.1	3.1	3.0
Acadian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,770	870	900	2.6	2.5	2.6
Korean	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	725	375	355	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanese	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	1,030	450	575	1.5	1.3	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	230	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sikh	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,055	550	505	1.5	1.6	1.5
Belgian	1,625	850	765	2.4	2.4	2.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	345	200	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Swiss	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	410	180	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	350	160	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	425	220	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	265	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	105	50	50	0.2	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	95	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	370	200	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	535	270	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	520	260	255	0.8	0.7	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	69,120	34,975	34,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	41,435	20,085	21,350	59.9	57.4	62.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,845	2,915	2,935	8.5	8.3	8.6
Anabaptist	170	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anglican	1,580	815	765	2.3	2.3	2.2
Baptist	535	220	310	0.8	0.6	0.9
Catholic	15,575	7,690	7,880	22.5	22.0	23.1
Christian Orthodox	395	215	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	270	110	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	4,490	2,130	2,360	6.5	6.1	6.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	925	490	435	1.3	1.4	1.3
Presbyterian	475	195	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	8,595	4,000	4,595	12.4	11.4	13.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,205	1,065	1,140	3.2	3.0	3.3
Hindu	275	165	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	240	155	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sikh	100	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,105	550	555	1.6	1.6	1.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	180	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	25,470	13,750	11,720	36.8	39.3	34.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	68,295	34,550	33,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,490	31,230	30,255	90.0	90.4	89.7
Movers	6,810	3,325	3,485	10.0	9.6	10.3
Non-migrants	3,675	1,830	1,845	5.4	5.3	5.5
Migrants	3,135	1,495	1,640	4.6	4.3	4.9
Internal migrants	2,930	1,395	1,535	4.3	4.0	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,240	1,025	1,210	3.3	3.0	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	695	370	325	1.0	1.1	1.0
External migrants	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	64,895	32,855	32,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,375	22,720	21,655	68.4	69.2	67.6
Movers	20,520	10,130	10,390	31.6	30.8	32.4
Non-migrants	6,865	3,310	3,555	10.6	10.1	11.1
Migrants	13,655	6,820	6,835	21.0	20.8	21.3
Internal migrants	12,345	6,200	6,145	19.0	18.9	19.2
Intraprovincial migrants	9,930	4,970	4,960	15.3	15.1	15.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,415	1,230	1,195	3.7	3.7	3.7
External migrants	1,310	620	685	2.0	1.9	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,960	27,765	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,305	7,505	4,805	22.4	27.0	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,655	20,265	22,390	77.6	73.0	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,780	17,805	16,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,695	3,250	1,445	13.5	18.3	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,085	14,550	15,535	86.5	81.7	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,960	27,765	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,995	6,625	4,365	20.0	23.9	16.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,660	10,735	9,925	37.6	38.7	36.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,305	10,405	12,900	42.4	37.5	47.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,945	8,110	8,845	30.8	29.2	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,330	4,585	1,745	11.5	16.5	6.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,470	1,285	1,180	4.5	4.6	4.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,860	3,295	565	7.0	11.9	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,900	2,860	6,035	16.2	10.3	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,720	660	1,060	3.1	2.4	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,355	2,300	4,060	11.6	8.3	14.9
Bachelor's degree	5,150	1,800	3,350	9.4	6.5	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	350	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	635	225	405	1.2	0.8	1.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,780	17,800	16,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,000	2,775	1,225	11.5	15.6	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,500	7,365	6,140	38.8	41.4	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,280	7,660	9,620	49.7	43.0	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,275	5,965	6,310	35.3	33.5	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,645	3,390	1,255	13.4	19.0	7.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,725	915	815	5.0	5.1	4.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,920	2,475	440	8.4	13.9	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,610	2,120	4,490	19.0	11.9	26.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,020	455	565	2.9	2.6	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,005	1,695	3,305	14.4	9.5	19.5
Bachelor's degree	4,025	1,315	2,705	11.6	7.4	15.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	120	135	0.7	0.7	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	545	180	370	1.6	1.0	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,955	27,765	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,655	17,360	14,295	57.6	62.5	52.6
Education	2,380	480	1,900	4.3	1.7	7.0
13. Education	2,380	480	1,900	4.3	1.7	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	65	185	0.5	0.2	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	195	40	155	0.4	0.1	0.6
Humanities	485	205	280	0.9	0.7	1.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	115	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,240	275	965	2.3	1.0	3.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	425	25	400	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	195	40	150	0.4	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	135	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.4
45. Social sciences	310	135	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	4,465	1,000	3,470	8.1	3.6	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	105	365	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,990	895	3,090	7.3	3.2	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	160	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455	275	180	0.8	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	370	240	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,065	5,695	370	11.0	20.5	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	490	420	70	0.9	1.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250	1,110	145	2.3	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,670	1,600	70	3.0	5.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,720	1,685	35	3.1	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	920	885	30	1.7	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	1,100	530	3.0	4.0	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,445	990	460	2.6	3.6	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	4,215	430	3,780	7.7	1.5	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	65	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,965	330	3,630	7.2	1.2	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,800	720	1,080	3.3	2.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,090	125	965	2.0	0.5	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	190	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	430	405	25	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,780	17,800	16,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,500	10,140	7,360	50.3	57.0	43.3
Education	1,530	260	1,265	4.4	1.5	7.4
13. Education	1,530	260	1,265	4.4	1.5	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	55	145	0.6	0.3	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	170	40	125	0.5	0.2	0.7
Humanities	350	135	215	1.0	0.8	1.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	55	0	50	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,025	210	815	2.9	1.2	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	20	330	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	145	25	125	0.4	0.1	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	125	20	105	0.4	0.1	0.6
45. Social sciences	255	105	145	0.7	0.6	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,465	750	2,710	10.0	4.2	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	65	280	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,105	680	2,425	8.9	3.8	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	130	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	35	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	70	55	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	210	145	1.0	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	205	110	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,530	4,215	320	13.0	23.7	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	390	330	60	1.1	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,000	865	135	2.9	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,240	1,175	65	3.6	6.6	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,220	1,190	30	3.5	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	680	650	30	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,240	780	460	3.6	4.4	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,085	690	400	3.1	3.9	2.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	90	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	2,970	335	2,635	8.5	1.9	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,775	255	2,520	8.0	1.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,360	570	785	3.9	3.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	790	85	705	2.3	0.5	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	145	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	340	15	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,780	17,800	16,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,500	10,140	7,360	50.3	57.0	43.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,280	7,665	9,615	49.7	43.1	56.6
Location of study inside Canada	15,100	6,580	8,520	43.4	37.0	50.2
Same as province or territory of residence	11,185	4,835	6,355	32.2	27.2	37.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,915	1,750	2,160	11.3	9.8	12.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,180	1,080	1,100	6.3	6.1	6.5
Americas	380	175	200	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	330	155	175	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mexico	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	330	180	150	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	125	60	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	160	105	55	0.5	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	35	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	1,285	600	690	3.7	3.4	4.1
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	965	420	545	2.8	2.4	3.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pakistan	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	54,960	27,765	27,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	37,185	20,310	16,875	...	...	...
Employed	34,820	18,935	15,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,360	1,370	990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	17,775	7,460	10,315	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.7	73.1	62.1	67.7	73.1	62.1
Employment rate	63.4	68.2	58.4	63.4	68.2	58.4
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	54,955	27,765	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,075	7,725	10,350	32.9	27.8	38.1
Worked	36,880	20,040	16,845	67.1	72.2	62.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	20,635	12,400	8,230	37.5	44.7	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,245	7,635	8,615	29.6	27.5	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.8	41.2	42.1	42.8	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	37,185	20,310	16,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	300	235	1.5	1.5	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	36,650	20,005	16,640	98.6	98.5	98.6
Employee	28,105	14,550	13,555	75.6	71.6	80.3
Permanent position	23,320	12,385	10,930	62.7	61.0	64.8
Temporary position	4,785	2,165	2,620	12.9	10.7	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,220	445	775	3.3	2.2	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,570	1,715	1,850	9.6	8.4	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,540	5,460	3,085	23.0	26.9	18.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	37,185	20,310	16,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	300	235	1.5	1.5	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	36,650	20,005	16,640	98.6	98.5	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	260	110	155	0.7	0.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,295	810	3,485	11.6	4.0	20.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,165	915	250	3.1	4.5	1.5
3 Health occupations	2,570	290	2,280	6.9	1.4	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,230	695	2,535	8.7	3.4	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	550	130	415	1.5	0.6	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	7,495	2,745	4,750	20.2	13.5	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,685	6,865	820	20.7	33.8	4.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,015	6,200	1,815	21.6	30.5	10.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375	1,235	135	3.7	6.1	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	37,185	20,310	16,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	300	235	1.5	1.5	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	36,650	20,005	16,640	98.6	98.5	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,595	4,585	2,015	17.7	22.6	11.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,775	3,360	415	10.2	16.5	2.5
22 Utilities	760	605	155	2.0	3.0	0.9
23 Construction	2,825	2,385	435	7.6	11.7	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	985	790	195	2.6	3.9	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,260	940	320	3.4	4.6	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	3,565	1,565	2,000	9.6	7.7	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,495	1,085	415	4.0	5.3	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	285	110	175	0.8	0.5	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	940	245	700	2.5	1.2	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	265	125	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,110	470	640	3.0	2.3	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	925	460	460	2.5	2.3	2.7
61 Educational services	2,250	465	1,785	6.1	2.3	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	4,260	500	3,760	11.5	2.5	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	590	265	325	1.6	1.3	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,675	555	1,115	4.5	2.7	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,380	720	655	3.7	3.5	3.9
91 Public administration	1,675	765	905	4.5	3.8	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	39,880	21,485	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,525	21,310	18,210	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	100	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	170	90	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	39,880	21,485	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,860	21,470	18,385	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	39,770	21,420	18,345	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	39,710	21,395	18,315	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	39,880	21,485	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,635	21,365	18,270	99.4	99.4	99.3
English	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,820	18,935	15,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,630	3,755	2,875	19.0	19.8	18.1
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,830	4,640	1,190	16.7	24.5	7.5
Usual place of work	22,335	10,515	11,820	64.1	55.5	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,330	10,510	11,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,060	5,345	6,715	54.0	50.9	56.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,000	4,050	3,945	35.8	38.5	33.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,920	925	1,000	8.6	8.8	8.5
Commute to a different province or territory	355	195	160	1.6	1.9	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,165	15,150	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,675	14,095	11,585	91.2	93.0	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,460	13,560	10,900	86.8	89.5	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,220	530	685	4.3	3.5	5.3
Public transit	120	40	85	0.4	0.3	0.7
Walked	1,850	765	1,080	6.6	5.0	8.3
Bicycle	130	75	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other method	390	185	205	1.4	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,165	15,150	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,820	7,620	8,205	56.2	50.3	63.1
15 to 29 minutes	5,880	3,205	2,680	20.9	21.2	20.6
30 to 44 minutes	3,210	1,975	1,230	11.4	13.0	9.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,370	915	455	4.9	6.0	3.5
60 minutes and over	1,885	1,445	440	6.7	9.5	3.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,165	15,150	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,290	1,775	515	8.1	11.7	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,155	4,175	1,980	21.9	27.6	15.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,785	4,825	3,955	31.2	31.8	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,620	2,175	3,445	20.0	14.4	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,235	715	1,530	7.9	4.7	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,080	1,495	1,585	10.9	9.9	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,210	8,705	8,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610	300	310	3.5	3.4	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,600	8,410	8,190	96.5	96.6	96.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,625	6,375	6,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	450	220	230	3.6	3.5	3.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	100	95	1.6	1.6	1.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	115	135	2.0	1.8	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,180	6,160	6,020	96.5	96.6	96.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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