Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Edmonton GriesbachMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,699	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	112,287	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.5	...	...	- 0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,767	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,385	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,431.0	...	...	2,431.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	45.95	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,700	56,725	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,885	9,630	9,255	16.9	17.0	16.8
0 to 4 years	6,270	3,165	3,105	5.6	5.6	5.6
5 to 9 years	6,450	3,295	3,160	5.8	5.8	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,165	3,170	2,995	5.5	5.6	5.4
15 to 64 years	74,085	38,525	35,565	66.3	67.9	64.7
15 to 19 years	5,655	2,940	2,715	5.1	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,750	3,525	3,225	6.0	6.2	5.9
25 to 29 years	7,705	3,935	3,765	6.9	6.9	6.8
30 to 34 years	8,675	4,445	4,230	7.8	7.8	7.7
35 to 39 years	8,360	4,340	4,020	7.5	7.7	7.3
40 to 44 years	7,495	3,895	3,605	6.7	6.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	6,810	3,455	3,350	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,055	3,675	3,380	6.3	6.5	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,930	4,245	3,680	7.1	7.5	6.7
60 to 64 years	7,660	4,070	3,595	6.9	7.2	6.5
65 years and over	18,725	8,570	10,155	16.8	15.1	18.5
65 to 69 years	5,750	3,005	2,745	5.1	5.3	5.0
70 to 74 years	4,190	2,045	2,145	3.8	3.6	3.9
75 to 79 years	3,110	1,355	1,755	2.8	2.4	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,495	1,040	1,455	2.2	1.8	2.6
85 years and over	3,185	1,135	2,050	2.9	2.0	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,895	705	1,190	1.7	1.2	2.2
90 to 94 years	955	335	625	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	295	85	215	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.0	16.8	16.9	17.0	16.8
15 to 64 years	66.3	67.9	64.7	66.3	67.9	64.7
65 years and over	16.8	15.1	18.5	16.8	15.1	18.5
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	40.9	40.2	41.6	40.9	40.2	41.6
Median age of the population	40.0	39.6	40.4	40.0	39.6	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,180	...	...	52.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,310	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	3,980	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,635	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,025	...	...	23.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,215	...	...	4.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,215	...	...	35.0	...	...
2 persons	14,415	...	...	31.1	...	...
3 persons	6,775	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	4,835	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,140	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,810	55,285	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,810	47,095	45,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,070	21,130	20,935	45.3	44.9	45.8
Married	33,035	16,590	16,450	35.6	35.2	36.0
Living common-law	9,030	4,540	4,490	9.7	9.6	9.8
Living common law - Never married	6,835	3,450	3,385	7.4	7.3	7.4
Living common law - Separated	390	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,635	820	815	1.8	1.7	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	50,745	25,965	24,780	54.7	55.1	54.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,600	19,440	14,160	36.2	41.3	31.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,130	1,395	1,730	3.4	3.0	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,140	3,760	4,385	8.8	8.0	9.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,880	1,370	4,515	6.3	2.9	9.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,295	...	...	52.2	...	...
3 persons	5,920	...	...	21.6	...	...
4 persons	4,260	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,905	...	...	10.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,125	...	...	73.5	...	...
Married couples	15,615	...	...	57.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,560	...	...	31.3	...	...
Without children	7,055	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,505	...	...	16.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,645	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	2,860	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,260	...	...	26.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,645	...	...	20.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,615	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,810	55,285	53,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,915	39,270	40,645	73.4	71.0	75.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,245	20,140	20,105	37.0	36.4	37.6
Parents in one-parent families	7,265	1,620	5,650	6.7	2.9	10.6
Children⁶	32,410	17,515	14,895	29.8	31.7	27.8
In a two-parent family	20,600	10,960	9,640	18.9	19.8	18.0
In a one-parent family	11,810	6,555	5,255	10.9	11.9	9.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,890	16,015	12,875	26.6	29.0	24.1
Living alone	16,215	8,570	7,640	14.9	15.5	14.3
Living with other relatives⁷	4,485	2,300	2,190	4.1	4.2	4.1
Living with non-relatives only	8,190	5,145	3,045	7.5	9.3	5.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,550	...	...	48.6	...	...
Couple-family households	17,395	...	...	37.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,845	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	8,550	...	...	18.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,160	...	...	11.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,310	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,275	...	...	4.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,735	...	...	8.1	...	...
One-person households	16,215	...	...	35.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,960	45,680	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,310	43,355	41,955	94.8	94.9	94.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,800	37,600	40,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,345	43,375	41,965	94.9	95.0	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,200	32,400	34,800	37,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,585	36,255	33,325	77.4	79.4	75.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,800	26,600	32,400	38,800	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,185	30,670	26,520	63.6	67.1	59.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	31,400	36,800	42,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,280	39,315	38,965	87.0	86.1	88.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	10,700	13,700	12,300	10,700	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,415	6,845	5,575	13.8	15.0	12.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,000	5,720	5,920	6,000	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,140	15,560	14,580	33.5	34.1	32.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,755	45,565	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,030	43,205	41,825	94.7	94.8	94.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200	50,720	41,520	46,200	50,720	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,065	43,230	41,835	94.8	94.9	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280	43,400	37,040	40,280	43,400	37,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,490	36,130	33,360	77.4	79.3	75.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	47,720	35,240	41,720	47,720	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,110	30,510	26,605	63.6	67.0	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,640	48,960	37,560	43,640	48,960	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,130	39,325	38,805	87.0	86.3	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,160	11,890	14,460	13,160	11,890	14,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,125	6,530	5,595	13.5	14.3	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,860	6,810	6,830	6,860	6,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,935	15,245	14,685	33.4	33.5	33.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,870	9,790	9,950	9,870	9,790	9,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,755	45,560	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,095	13,725	10,370	26.8	30.1	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	64,500	57,600	60,800	64,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,500	70,700	60,900	66,500	70,700	60,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,905	11,765	12,140	26.6	25.8	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,000	17,000	20,800	26,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	34,400	24,180	29,200	34,400	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.8	78.6	67.6	73.8	78.6	67.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	68.2	57.5	63.5	68.2	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.2	21.3	32.3	26.2	21.3	32.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4	7.4	9.7	8.4	7.4	9.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.5	6.8	8.4	7.5	6.8	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,960	45,675	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,655	2,320	2,330	5.2	5.1	5.3
With total income	85,305	43,360	41,950	94.8	94.9	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,365	3,050	3,315	7.5	7.0	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,090	4,070	5,025	10.7	9.4	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	17,770	8,430	9,335	20.8	19.4	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	12,285	5,605	6,685	14.4	12.9	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,940	4,755	5,180	11.7	11.0	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,825	3,990	3,835	9.2	9.2	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,320	3,435	2,880	7.4	7.9	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,575	2,770	1,805	5.4	6.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190	1,965	1,230	3.7	4.5	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	1,455	865	2.7	3.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,625	3,815	1,810	6.6	8.8	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,370	2,885	1,485	5.1	6.7	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,255	935	320	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,960	45,675	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,615	2,300	2,315	5.1	5.0	5.2
With after-tax income	85,345	43,375	41,970	94.9	95.0	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,540	3,125	3,410	7.7	7.2	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,430	4,260	5,170	11.0	9.8	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,740	9,385	10,360	23.1	21.6	24.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,250	6,735	7,510	16.7	15.5	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	11,225	5,530	5,690	13.2	12.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,680	4,725	3,955	10.2	10.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	3,355	2,390	6.7	7.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600	2,220	1,380	4.2	5.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	1,475	930	2.8	3.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,360	875	485	1.6	2.0	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,380	1,695	685	2.8	3.9	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,425	1,000	420	1.7	2.3	1.0
$125,000 and over	955	695	265	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,960	45,675	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,775	15,005	17,765	36.4	32.9	40.1
With employment income	57,185	30,665	26,515	63.6	67.1	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,510	3,685	3,825	13.1	12.0	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,780	2,220	2,560	8.4	7.2	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,980	3,335	3,645	12.2	10.9	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,550	2,685	2,865	9.7	8.8	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,590	2,840	2,750	9.8	9.3	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	2,880	2,490	9.4	9.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,095	2,725	2,370	8.9	8.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	2,465	1,910	7.7	8.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,335	2,125	1,205	5.8	6.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	1,545	900	4.3	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	1,210	695	3.3	3.9	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,255	2,955	1,305	7.4	9.6	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,475	1,630	850	4.3	5.3	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,780	1,325	450	3.1	4.3	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,960	45,680	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,900	42,520	41,380	93.3	93.1	93.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	31,200	35,200	40,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,925	42,525	41,395	93.3	93.1	93.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,600	32,800	36,400	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,610	36,255	33,355	77.4	79.4	75.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,200	36,000	42,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,025	31,105	26,915	64.5	68.1	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	34,400	40,000	45,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,240	37,675	37,565	83.6	82.5	84.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,080	1,780	7,100	4,080	1,780	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,830	4,500	3,330	8.7	9.9	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	6,360	6,280	6,320	6,360	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,755	45,565	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,720	42,440	41,280	93.3	93.1	93.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	50,040	38,960	44,560	50,040	38,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,740	42,440	41,295	93.3	93.1	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,560	42,440	34,560	38,560	42,440	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,650	36,160	33,490	77.6	79.4	75.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,160	50,840	36,960	44,160	50,840	36,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,100	30,985	27,115	64.7	68.0	61.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,320	52,250	39,560	46,320	52,250	39,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,145	37,720	37,425	83.7	82.8	84.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,720	7,560	9,890	8,720	7,560	9,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,635	4,365	3,275	8.5	9.6	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,410	8,150	7,720	7,410	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,755	45,560	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,905	13,585	10,325	26.6	29.8	23.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	63,600	54,400	59,200	63,600	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	70,100	58,350	65,000	70,100	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,680	11,260	11,425	25.3	24.7	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	36,400	26,000	30,400	36,400	26,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,280	43,600	31,040	37,280	43,600	31,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	86.6	77.0	82.4	86.6	77.0
Employment income (%)	72.2	76.2	66.8	72.2	76.2	66.8
Government transfers (%)	17.6	13.4	23.0	17.6	13.4	23.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,800	...	...	84,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,900	...	...	73,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,120	...	...	47,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,655	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,695	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,745	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,520	...	...	31.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,205	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,525	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,635	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,160	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,810	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,980	...	...	6.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,055	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,290	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,305	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,200	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,745	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,280	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,000	...	...	23.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,840	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,830	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,330	...	...	7.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,405	13,715	10,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,200	35,200	37,200	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,400	32,800	34,000	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,800	...	...	125,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	73,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,290	13,460	10,830	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	47,000	42,080	44,800	47,000	42,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080	40,520	37,280	39,080	40,520	37,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,805	55,285	53,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,165	11,335	10,835	20.4	20.5	20.2
0 to 5 years	7,525	3,790	3,735	6.9	6.9	7.0
18 to 64 years	69,700	36,045	33,655	64.1	65.2	62.9
65 years and over	16,935	7,905	9,035	15.6	14.3	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,835	8,285	8,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,040	2,580	2,465	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,830	925	905	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,965	4,540	4,425	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,830	1,165	1,665	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	15.0	16.0	15.5	15.0	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	22.7	22.8	22.7	22.7	22.8	22.7
0 to 5 years (%)	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	12.6	13.1	12.9	12.6	13.1
65 years and over (%)	16.7	14.7	18.4	16.7	14.7	18.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,810	55,285	53,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,170	11,335	10,835	20.4	20.5	20.2
0 to 5 years	7,520	3,790	3,730	6.9	6.9	7.0
18 to 64 years	69,700	36,050	33,655	64.1	65.2	62.9
65 years and over	16,940	7,905	9,035	15.6	14.3	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,795	5,230	4,565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,455	1,270	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	865	445	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,610	3,615	2,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	725	340	385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.0	9.5	8.5	9.0	9.5	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.2	11.0	11.1	11.2	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.5	11.8	11.2	11.5	11.8	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	10.0	8.9	9.5	10.0	8.9
65 years and over (%)	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,805	55,285	53,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,205	33,545	33,655	61.8	60.7	62.9
In bottom decile	15,175	7,840	7,335	13.9	14.2	13.7
In second decile	16,530	7,950	8,585	15.2	14.4	16.0
In third decile	12,940	6,505	6,430	11.9	11.8	12.0
In fourth decile	11,960	5,910	6,055	11.0	10.7	11.3
In fifth decile	10,600	5,350	5,250	9.7	9.7	9.8
In top half of the distribution	41,600	21,740	19,865	38.2	39.3	37.1
In sixth decile	10,250	5,295	4,955	9.4	9.6	9.3
In seventh decile	9,680	5,095	4,590	8.9	9.2	8.6
In eighth decile	8,560	4,435	4,125	7.9	8.0	7.7
In ninth decile	7,645	3,985	3,660	7.0	7.2	6.8
In top decile	5,465	2,925	2,540	5.0	5.3	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,810	...	...	108,810	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.483	...	...	0.483	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,665	55,770	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,230	51,385	48,840	91.4	92.1	90.6
French only	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	6,100	3,055	3,045	5.6	5.5	5.7
Neither English nor French	3,175	1,270	1,910	2.9	2.3	3.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,665	55,770	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,125	53,195	50,930	94.9	95.4	94.5
French	1,880	1,040	835	1.7	1.9	1.5
English and French	585	315	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	3,075	1,215	1,855	2.8	2.2	3.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,665	55,770	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,510	53,275	51,240	95.3	95.5	95.1
Official languages	75,320	39,155	36,160	68.7	70.2	67.1
English	73,520	38,150	35,370	67.0	68.4	65.6
French	1,805	1,010	795	1.6	1.8	1.5
Non-official languages	29,190	14,115	15,075	26.6	25.3	28.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	505	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	280	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,685	13,895	14,790	26.2	24.9	27.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,020	4,125	3,895	7.3	7.4	7.2
Berber languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	2,285	1,140	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Bilen	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	1,925	950	975	1.8	1.7	1.8
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,700	2,970	2,730	5.2	5.3	5.1
Amharic	655	305	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arabic	3,895	2,070	1,825	3.6	3.7	3.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,045	545	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,110	970	1,135	1.9	1.7	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,955	900	1,060	1.8	1.6	2.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,315	1,500	1,815	3.0	2.7	3.4
Bikol	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,750	1,250	1,500	2.5	2.2	2.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,475	4,545	4,930	8.6	8.1	9.1
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,865	1,270	1,595	2.6	2.3	3.0
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,845	1,260	1,585	2.6	2.3	2.9
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	750	330	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Russian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	445	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,300	540	765	1.2	1.0	1.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,070	515	555	1.0	0.9	1.0
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	315	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	665	310	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,545	800	745	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	680	630	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	365	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,855	1,880	1,975	3.5	3.4	3.7
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	885	400	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portuguese	930	455	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	165	80	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	1,870	945	925	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	500	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	165	80	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lingala	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dinka	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nuer	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,665	1,710	1,960	3.3	3.1	3.6
Chinese languages	3,335	1,530	1,810	3.0	2.7	3.4
Hakka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	310	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,430	1,110	1,320	2.2	2.0	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	325	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
S'gaw Karen	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,155	2,500	2,655	4.7	4.5	4.9
English and French	540	235	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,870	1,885	1,980	3.5	3.4	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,665	55,770	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,880	39,855	37,020	70.1	71.5	68.7
French	440	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	9,250	4,340	4,910	8.4	7.8	9.1
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,205	4,320	4,885	8.4	7.7	9.1
English and French	1,020	515	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	20,225	9,950	10,280	18.4	17.8	19.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	730	365	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	1,015	470	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,665	55,770	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,395	53,160	51,235	95.2	95.3	95.1
Official languages	86,980	44,755	42,225	79.3	80.2	78.4
English	86,315	44,410	41,905	78.7	79.6	77.8
French	665	345	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	17,415	8,405	9,010	15.9	15.1	16.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,310	8,355	8,955	15.8	15.0	16.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,565	2,825	2,740	5.1	5.1	5.1
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,560	775	780	1.4	1.4	1.4
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	1,310	645	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,985	2,040	1,945	3.6	3.7	3.6
Amharic	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arabic	2,650	1,360	1,285	2.4	2.4	2.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	820	420	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,610	745	860	1.5	1.3	1.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,500	705	800	1.4	1.3	1.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,025	970	1,055	1.8	1.7	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,725	825	900	1.6	1.5	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,155	1,970	2,180	3.8	3.5	4.0
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	985	465	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	975	455	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,030	530	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	840	440	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,005	930	1,080	1.8	1.7	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	325	120	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portuguese	475	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,120	555	570	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	560	265	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,790	1,270	1,520	2.5	2.3	2.8
Chinese languages	2,525	1,135	1,390	2.3	2.0	2.6
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,940	850	1,090	1.8	1.5	2.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,265	2,610	2,655	4.8	4.7	4.9
English and French	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,780	2,350	2,430	4.4	4.2	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,665	55,775	53,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	90,990	46,615	44,380	83.0	83.6	82.3
English	6,360	3,215	3,150	5.8	5.8	5.8
French	815	380	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	9,240	4,470	4,765	8.4	8.0	8.8
Indigenous³⁹	400	170	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	8,840	4,305	4,535	8.1	7.7	8.4
English and French	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	925	450	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	870	415	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,435	55,145	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	105,430	53,880	51,555	97.2	97.7	96.7
English	105,230	53,820	51,410	97.0	97.6	96.5
French	6,515	3,295	3,210	6.0	6.0	6.0
Non-official languages	38,680	18,885	19,795	35.7	34.2	37.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	970	415	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Algonquian languages	895	385	510	0.8	0.7	1.0
Blackfoot	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	855	365	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	850	365	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	500	240	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,740	18,470	19,270	34.8	33.5	36.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,790	5,670	5,115	10.0	10.3	9.6
Berber languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	2,925	1,465	1,460	2.7	2.7	2.7
Bilen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	520	230	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Somali	2,430	1,235	1,200	2.2	2.2	2.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	8,370	4,460	3,910	7.7	8.1	7.3
Amharic	1,285	680	600	1.2	1.2	1.1
Arabic	6,260	3,320	2,935	5.8	6.0	5.5
Aramaic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,490	795	695	1.4	1.4	1.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,735	1,225	1,505	2.5	2.2	2.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	2,580	1,185	1,395	2.4	2.1	2.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,310	1,865	2,445	4.0	3.4	4.6
Bikol	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	260	90	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,155	1,790	2,365	3.8	3.2	4.4
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	270	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,540	6,575	6,965	12.5	11.9	13.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,695	1,920	3.3	3.1	3.6
Baltic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,600	1,695	1,905	3.3	3.1	3.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	960	460	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
Russian	555	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	675	370	295	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnian	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	310	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,595	635	950	1.5	1.2	1.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,615	755	860	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,145	540	610	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	1,145	540	605	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,360	1,265	1,095	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,055	1,095	955	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	275	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	935	505	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kacchi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	265	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	475	195	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	360	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,060	2,900	3,160	5.6	5.3	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,410	640	770	1.3	1.2	1.4
Portuguese	1,230	620	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,465	1,670	1,795	3.2	3.0	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,970	1,110	860	1.8	2.0	1.6
Akan (Twi)	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	155	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lingala	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	755	435	325	0.7	0.8	0.6
Wojenaka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dinka	80	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	260	80	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	215	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,440	2,170	2,275	4.1	3.9	4.3
Chinese languages	3,925	1,900	2,025	3.6	3.4	3.8
Hakka	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,400	665	735	1.3	1.2	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,980	1,430	1,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	515	275	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burmese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	490	250	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
S'gaw Karen	455	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	160	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,440	55,140	53,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,080	5,345	5,735	10.2	9.7	10.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,660	5,125	5,540	9.8	9.3	10.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,600	2,590	3,010	5.2	4.7	5.6
Métis	4,910	2,500	2,415	4.5	4.5	4.5
Inuk (Inuit)	155	40	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,360	49,795	47,560	89.8	90.3	89.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,440	55,140	53,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,670	2,195	2,475	4.3	4.0	4.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,770	52,945	50,825	95.7	96.0	95.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,595	...	...	55.2	...	...
Renter	20,735	...	...	44.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,490	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not condominium	39,845	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	635	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,755	...	...	16.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,760	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,300	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,880	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,200	...	...	35.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,710	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,660	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,345	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,425	...	...	22.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,595	...	...	96.2	...	...
More than one person per room	1,740	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,605	...	...	91.9	...	...
Not suitable	3,735	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,115	...	...	30.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,755	...	...	40.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,030	...	...	8.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,855	...	...	6.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,265	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,350	...	...	2.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,910	...	...	4.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,055	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,450	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,885	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,490	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,795	...	...	36.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,050	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,520	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,990	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,610	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,965	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,490	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,260	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,615	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,895	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,870	...	...	73.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,230	...	...	26.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,350	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,765	...	...	38.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,455	...	...	22.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,790	...	...	6.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,475	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	630	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,095	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,575	...	...	61.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,230	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not in core need	36,990	...	...	81.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,000	...	...	310,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...	324,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.7	...	...	38.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	31.5	...	...	31.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168	...	...	1,168	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,440	55,140	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,115	2,395	2,715	4.7	4.3	5.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,960	2,315	2,640	4.6	4.2	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,660	1,695	1,960	3.4	3.1	3.7
Métis single ancestry	1,235	605	630	1.1	1.1	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,920	3,450	3,465	6.4	6.3	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,610	3,300	3,310	6.1	6.0	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,115	2,045	2,075	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,380	1,210	1,170	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,405	49,295	47,115	88.9	89.4	88.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,440	55,145	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,685	49,445	47,245	89.2	89.7	88.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,920	10,270	9,645	18.4	18.6	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,765	39,170	37,595	70.8	71.0	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,755	5,695	6,050	10.8	10.3	11.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,440	55,145	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,915	39,360	37,555	70.9	71.4	70.5
Immigrants⁸¹	30,105	14,995	15,110	27.8	27.2	28.4
Before 1980	4,575	2,270	2,310	4.2	4.1	4.3
1980 to 1990	3,550	1,875	1,680	3.3	3.4	3.2
1991 to 2000	3,635	1,740	1,890	3.4	3.2	3.5
2001 to 2010	5,925	3,075	2,855	5.5	5.6	5.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,420	6,045	6,375	11.5	11.0	12.0
2011 to 2015	5,400	2,615	2,780	5.0	4.7	5.2
2016 to 2021	7,020	3,425	3,595	6.5	6.2	6.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,425	785	635	1.3	1.4	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	30,105	15,000	15,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,625	1,465	1,155	8.7	9.8	7.6
5 to 14 years	5,185	2,795	2,385	17.2	18.6	15.8
15 to 24 years	6,645	3,285	3,355	22.1	21.9	22.2
25 to 44 years	13,000	6,280	6,725	43.2	41.9	44.5
45 years and over	2,650	1,165	1,485	8.8	7.8	9.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	30,105	15,000	15,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,925	1,355	1,575	9.7	9.0	10.4
Brazil	125	45	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	230	100	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
El Salvador	535	235	305	1.8	1.6	2.0
Guyana	70	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haiti	55	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	270	110	155	0.9	0.7	1.0
Mexico	330	185	145	1.1	1.2	1.0
Peru	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	115	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
United States of America	500	225	275	1.7	1.5	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	655	305	345	2.2	2.0	2.3
Europe	5,560	2,760	2,795	18.5	18.4	18.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Croatia	230	135	100	0.8	0.9	0.7
France	80	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	420	190	225	1.4	1.3	1.5
Greece	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	95	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italy	825	360	465	2.7	2.4	3.1
Netherlands	270	165	105	0.9	1.1	0.7
Poland	630	290	340	2.1	1.9	2.3
Portugal	740	375	370	2.5	2.5	2.4
Romania	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	110	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	290	110	175	1.0	0.7	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	840	455	390	2.8	3.0	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	520	265	255	1.7	1.8	1.7
Africa	7,295	3,925	3,370	24.2	26.2	22.3
Algeria	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	310	165	140	1.0	1.1	0.9
Egypt	135	85	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	935	505	430	3.1	3.4	2.8
Ethiopia	1,105	600	510	3.7	4.0	3.4
Morocco	130	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	330	200	135	1.1	1.3	0.9
Somalia	1,420	700	725	4.7	4.7	4.8
South Africa, Republic of	160	60	100	0.5	0.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	2,700	1,495	1,205	9.0	10.0	8.0
Asia	13,990	6,795	7,195	46.5	45.3	47.6
Afghanistan	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	45	40	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Iraq	225	125	100	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lebanon	715	370	345	2.4	2.5	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	1,695	930	770	5.6	6.2	5.1
Turkey	65	55	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,435	635	800	4.8	4.2	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	305	145	155	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	4,140	1,815	2,325	13.8	12.1	15.4
Viet Nam	2,245	1,060	1,185	7.5	7.1	7.8
Bangladesh	190	105	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
India	515	305	210	1.7	2.0	1.4
Pakistan	250	115	140	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sri Lanka	105	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,865	950	920	6.2	6.3	6.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	330	165	165	1.1	1.1	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,020	3,430	3,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	415	165	255	5.9	4.8	7.1
Brazil	45	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.8
Colombia	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haiti	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Jamaica	55	35	20	0.8	1.0	0.6
Mexico	70	40	30	1.0	1.2	0.8
United States of America	55	15	35	0.8	0.4	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	130	40	95	1.9	1.2	2.6
Europe	300	125	180	4.3	3.6	5.0
France	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	15	20	0.6	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	160	55	100	2.3	1.6	2.8
Africa	2,355	1,205	1,150	33.5	35.1	32.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Burundi	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Cameroon	75	25	55	1.1	0.7	1.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	50	60	1.6	1.5	1.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	515	280	240	7.3	8.2	6.7
Ethiopia	325	165	160	4.6	4.8	4.5
Morocco	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	200	125	75	2.8	3.6	2.1
Somalia	315	175	140	4.5	5.1	3.9
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	35	0.9	0.7	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	125	70	55	1.8	2.0	1.5
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	500	245	260	7.1	7.1	7.2
Asia	3,930	1,925	2,010	56.0	56.1	56.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.7
China⁹⁰	150	75	70	2.1	2.2	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	110	85	2.8	3.2	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Israel	35	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Japan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jordan	65	40	30	0.9	1.2	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	125	60	70	1.8	1.7	1.9
Nepal	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	1,410	635	775	20.1	18.5	21.6
Saudi Arabia	50	0	45	0.7	0.0	1.3
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	1,445	785	660	20.6	22.9	18.4
Turkey	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	145	50	100	2.1	1.5	2.8
Other places of birth in Asia	125	60	70	1.8	1.7	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,435	55,140	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	32,455	16,320	16,140	29.9	29.6	30.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,625	11,275	11,350	20.9	20.4	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,355	27,540	25,810	49.2	49.9	48.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25,525	12,725	12,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,335	4,295	4,040	32.7	33.8	31.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,705	2,085	1,625	14.5	16.4	12.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,625	2,205	2,415	18.1	17.3	18.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,305	2,975	4,330	28.6	23.4	33.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	9,545	5,300	4,250	37.4	41.7	33.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	345	170	180	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25,525	12,725	12,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,380	790	585	5.4	6.2	4.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,735	1,320	1,410	10.7	10.4	11.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	360	155	205	1.4	1.2	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	890	425	465	3.5	3.3	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20,020	9,990	10,030	78.4	78.5	78.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,435	55,140	53,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	37,140	18,685	18,465	34.3	33.9	34.6
South Asian	2,635	1,405	1,230	2.4	2.5	2.3
Chinese	3,910	1,905	2,015	3.6	3.5	3.8
Black	11,435	5,960	5,475	10.5	10.8	10.3
Filipino	5,300	2,405	2,900	4.9	4.4	5.4
Arab	5,415	2,885	2,525	5.0	5.2	4.7
Latin American	2,490	1,170	1,320	2.3	2.1	2.5
Southeast Asian	3,510	1,690	1,820	3.2	3.1	3.4
West Asian	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	325	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,495	795	700	1.4	1.4	1.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	71,295	36,465	34,835	65.7	66.1	65.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,435	55,145	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,095	5,280	4,810	9.3	9.6	9.0
English	14,360	7,135	7,225	13.2	12.9	13.6
Irish	12,545	6,230	6,310	11.6	11.3	11.8
Scottish	12,865	6,460	6,405	11.9	11.7	12.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,435	4,845	4,595	8.7	8.8	8.6
German	11,915	5,960	5,960	11.0	10.8	11.2
Chinese	4,660	2,225	2,430	4.3	4.0	4.6
Italian	3,290	1,645	1,645	3.0	3.0	3.1
Indian (India)	1,180	660	520	1.1	1.2	1.0
Ukrainian	11,875	6,025	5,850	11.0	10.9	11.0
Dutch	3,445	1,710	1,730	3.2	3.1	3.2
Polish	4,995	2,440	2,560	4.6	4.4	4.8
Québécois	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,035	1,085	950	1.9	2.0	1.8
Filipino	5,195	2,415	2,770	4.8	4.4	5.2
French Canadian	815	380	435	0.8	0.7	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,980	1,010	970	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,000	1,470	1,530	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis	4,070	2,045	2,025	3.8	3.7	3.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,675	840	835	1.5	1.5	1.6
Russian	1,530	800	730	1.4	1.5	1.4
Norwegian	2,460	1,250	1,210	2.3	2.3	2.3
Welsh	1,460	705	755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	1,610	840	770	1.5	1.5	1.4
American	1,000	515	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	1,265	600	665	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swedish	1,705	820	885	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hungarian	845	445	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,000	1,020	980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Jewish	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	155	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	2,640	1,260	1,375	2.4	2.3	2.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,605	885	720	1.5	1.6	1.4
Greek	530	280	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	510	270	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	715	365	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,375	1,080	1,300	2.2	2.0	2.4
Korean	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	885	400	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Lebanese	1,815	890	925	1.7	1.6	1.7
Iranian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	1,110	530	580	1.0	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,585	800	775	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	895	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgian	375	195	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	550	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	360	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	530	300	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	550	330	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Muslim	890	470	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Egyptian	180	130	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombian	250	85	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	1,250	645	605	1.2	1.2	1.1
Guyanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	405	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbian	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	155	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	265	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	185	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	2,495	1,245	1,255	2.3	2.3	2.4
Taiwanese	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	160	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Salvadorean	470	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
African Caribbean	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	190	125	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	270	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	1,060	510	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	910	475	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
African Canadian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	415	225	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ghanaian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	160	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	350	220	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Breton	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	285	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	220	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	515	290	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nicaraguan	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cherokee	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oromo	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Basque	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulani	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guinean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	460	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Edo	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,440	55,140	53,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,175	1,015	1,155	2.0	1.8	2.2
Christian	49,655	24,015	25,640	45.8	43.6	48.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,945	5,030	4,915	9.2	9.1	9.2
Anabaptist	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,750	840	910	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baptist	1,205	555	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	23,325	11,295	12,030	21.5	20.5	22.6
Christian Orthodox	3,280	1,680	1,600	3.0	3.0	3.0
Jehovah's Witness	530	220	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	385	160	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,245	565	680	1.1	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,530	675	850	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Church	2,515	1,140	1,375	2.3	2.1	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,200	1,490	1,710	3.0	2.7	3.2
Hindu	760	410	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	11,240	5,780	5,460	10.4	10.5	10.2
Sikh	295	185	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	415	155	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,415	650	760	1.3	1.2	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	42,335	22,840	19,495	39.0	41.4	36.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,200	54,495	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,330	46,495	44,835	85.2	85.3	85.1
Movers	15,870	7,995	7,875	14.8	14.7	14.9
Non-migrants	12,540	6,375	6,170	11.7	11.7	11.7
Migrants	3,325	1,625	1,700	3.1	3.0	3.2
Internal migrants	2,730	1,380	1,355	2.5	2.5	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,670	840	830	1.6	1.5	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,060	535	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	595	245	345	0.6	0.4	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,290	51,925	50,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,440	29,320	28,120	56.2	56.5	55.8
Movers	44,850	22,610	22,240	43.8	43.5	44.2
Non-migrants	29,675	15,005	14,670	29.0	28.9	29.1
Migrants	15,175	7,605	7,570	14.8	14.6	15.0
Internal migrants	10,395	5,265	5,135	10.2	10.1	10.2
Intraprovincial migrants	6,395	3,160	3,235	6.3	6.1	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	4,005	2,105	1,900	3.9	4.1	3.8
External migrants	4,775	2,340	2,440	4.7	4.5	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,755	45,560	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,980	12,565	11,420	26.7	27.6	25.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,775	33,005	32,775	73.3	72.4	74.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,620	31,325	29,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,055	7,135	5,915	21.5	22.8	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,565	24,185	23,380	78.5	77.2	79.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,755	45,565	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,340	10,890	10,450	23.8	23.9	23.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,895	14,885	14,015	32.2	32.7	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,515	19,785	19,725	44.0	43.4	44.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,520	13,695	11,820	28.4	30.1	26.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,065	6,445	1,620	9.0	14.1	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,515	1,610	900	2.8	3.5	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,550	4,835	715	6.2	10.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,690	6,100	8,590	16.4	13.4	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,765	1,160	1,610	3.1	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,995	6,090	7,905	15.6	13.4	17.9
Bachelor's degree	10,095	4,300	5,795	11.2	9.4	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	850	345	505	0.9	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	2,350	1,085	1,265	2.6	2.4	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	445	240	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,620	31,330	29,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,215	6,020	5,195	18.5	19.2	17.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,000	9,725	8,270	29.7	31.0	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,400	15,575	15,830	51.8	49.7	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,735	10,545	9,190	32.6	33.7	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,035	4,805	1,235	10.0	15.3	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,805	1,195	610	3.0	3.8	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,230	3,610	620	7.0	11.5	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,495	4,835	6,660	19.0	15.4	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,205	905	1,300	3.6	2.9	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,670	5,030	6,640	19.3	16.1	22.7
Bachelor's degree	8,430	3,575	4,855	13.9	11.4	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	665	285	375	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	105	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,975	885	1,095	3.3	2.8	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,755	45,565	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,240	25,780	24,465	56.0	56.6	55.4
Education	2,390	690	1,700	2.7	1.5	3.8
13. Education	2,390	690	1,700	2.7	1.5	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,500	660	845	1.7	1.4	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,290	540	750	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	1,695	720	975	1.9	1.6	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	395	85	310	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	440	160	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	140	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	155	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	190	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,775	1,230	2,545	4.2	2.7	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	80	655	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	685	170	520	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	715	240	480	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,065	500	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
Business, management and public administration	7,480	2,675	4,810	8.3	5.9	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	160	525	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,770	2,500	4,270	7.5	5.5	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,285	620	665	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	205	300	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	155	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	345	215	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,580	1,055	520	1.8	2.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,275	935	340	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	180	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,090	9,230	860	11.2	20.3	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	340	225	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,235	1,070	165	1.4	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,350	2,050	295	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,895	2,770	125	3.2	6.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,910	1,820	95	2.1	4.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,360	1,285	65	1.5	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	365	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	220	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,335	1,140	5,200	7.1	2.5	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,970	935	5,030	6.7	2.1	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,640	1,400	1,240	2.9	3.1	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	570	1,010	1.8	1.3	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	330	155	0.5	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	475	70	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,615	31,325	29,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,215	15,750	13,465	48.2	50.3	46.0
Education	1,720	495	1,225	2.8	1.6	4.2
13. Education	1,720	495	1,225	2.8	1.6	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	530	710	2.0	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,095	460	635	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	1,330	550	780	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	300	65	235	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	135	230	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	150	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,175	1,005	2,170	5.2	3.2	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	195	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	585	55	530	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	610	135	475	1.0	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	590	195	390	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	875	395	480	1.4	1.3	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,075	2,245	3,830	10.0	7.2	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	125	430	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,495	2,110	3,380	9.1	6.7	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,035	500	535	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	180	260	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	285	165	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,355	910	440	2.2	2.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,100	805	295	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	135	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,795	7,030	765	12.9	22.4	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	275	180	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,060	920	145	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,815	1,560	250	3.0	5.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,085	110	3.6	6.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,415	1,315	95	2.3	4.2	0.3
48. Precision production	1,030	965	60	1.7	3.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	255	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335	130	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,025	925	4,100	8.3	3.0	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,725	770	3,950	7.8	2.5	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,105	1,130	975	3.5	3.6	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,240	460	780	2.0	1.5	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	295	125	0.7	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	350	60	0.7	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,615	31,325	29,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,215	15,750	13,465	48.2	50.3	46.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,405	15,575	15,830	51.8	49.7	54.0
Location of study inside Canada	25,380	12,650	12,730	41.9	40.4	43.5
Same as province or territory of residence	20,705	10,345	10,360	34.2	33.0	35.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,680	2,305	2,370	7.7	7.4	8.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,025	2,920	3,105	9.9	9.3	10.6
Americas	800	425	380	1.3	1.4	1.3
United States of America	410	220	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mexico	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	140	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	945	505	440	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	125	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,170	640	530	1.9	2.0	1.8
Nigeria	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	800	425	380	1.3	1.4	1.3
Asia	3,040	1,315	1,725	5.0	4.2	5.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	75	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,650	640	1,010	2.7	2.0	3.4
Viet Nam	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bangladesh	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	300	165	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	100	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	255	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,755	45,565	44,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,955	29,355	24,600	...	...	...
Employed	45,180	24,525	20,655	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,770	4,830	3,940	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,800	16,210	19,595	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.1	64.4	55.7	60.1	64.4	55.7
Employment rate	50.3	53.8	46.7	50.3	53.8	46.7
Unemployment rate	16.3	16.5	16.0	16.3	16.5	16.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,755	45,565	44,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,080	18,360	20,715	43.5	40.3	46.9
Worked	50,680	27,205	23,470	56.5	59.7	53.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,975	14,330	10,645	27.8	31.4	24.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,705	12,880	12,825	28.6	28.3	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.4	39.0	39.7	40.4	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,950	29,355	24,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,490	1,210	5.0	5.1	4.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,255	27,865	23,390	95.0	94.9	95.1
Employee	45,510	24,210	21,305	84.4	82.5	86.6
Permanent position	37,085	19,610	17,475	68.7	66.8	71.0
Temporary position	8,430	4,600	3,830	15.6	15.7	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,530	1,240	1,290	4.7	4.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,905	3,360	2,540	10.9	11.4	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,745	3,655	2,085	10.6	12.5	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,950	29,355	24,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,490	1,210	5.0	5.1	4.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,255	27,865	23,390	95.0	94.9	95.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	275	175	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,645	2,215	5,430	14.2	7.5	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,970	2,325	645	5.5	7.9	2.6
3 Health occupations	3,655	665	2,995	6.8	2.3	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,645	2,080	3,570	10.5	7.1	14.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,305	580	730	2.4	2.0	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,130	6,100	8,025	26.2	20.8	32.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,805	11,570	1,235	23.7	39.4	5.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	850	710	145	1.6	2.4	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,980	1,455	525	3.7	5.0	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,950	29,355	24,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700	1,490	1,210	5.0	5.1	4.9
All industries¹⁹¹	51,255	27,865	23,390	95.0	94.9	95.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	230	140	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	845	785	60	1.6	2.7	0.2
22 Utilities	410	300	115	0.8	1.0	0.5
23 Construction	5,945	5,225	720	11.0	17.8	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,060	2,180	880	5.7	7.4	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,820	1,310	510	3.4	4.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,960	2,860	3,110	11.0	9.7	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,490	2,810	680	6.5	9.6	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	695	415	285	1.3	1.4	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,195	385	810	2.2	1.3	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	945	550	390	1.8	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,605	1,425	1,180	4.8	4.9	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,195	1,795	1,400	5.9	6.1	5.7
61 Educational services	3,010	1,005	2,005	5.6	3.4	8.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,605	1,320	5,290	12.2	4.5	21.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	380	540	1.7	1.3	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,750	1,685	2,065	7.0	5.7	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,940	1,475	1,465	5.4	5.0	6.0
91 Public administration	3,590	1,805	1,785	6.7	6.1	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,295	30,425	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,770	29,105	24,665	95.5	95.7	95.3
French	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	345	190	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	345	190	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	560	300	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	755	695	2.6	2.5	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,295	30,425	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,955	30,260	25,700	99.4	99.5	99.3
Official languages	55,285	29,895	25,385	98.2	98.3	98.1
English	55,130	29,820	25,310	97.9	98.0	97.8
French	155	75	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	670	365	310	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	670	365	310	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	150	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	275	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	105	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	340	160	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	260	120	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,295	30,425	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,495	29,475	25,015	96.8	96.9	96.7
English	330	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	415	220	195	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	880	470	410	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	845	460	380	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,180	24,520	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,250	3,050	4,200	16.0	12.4	20.3
Worked outside Canada	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,410	6,470	1,945	18.6	26.4	9.4
Usual place of work	29,460	14,975	14,485	65.2	61.1	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,465	14,975	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,870	11,870	13,005	84.4	79.3	89.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,790	2,525	1,265	12.9	16.9	8.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	635	465	170	2.2	3.1	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	165	120	45	0.6	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,875	21,445	16,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,770	18,680	13,085	83.9	87.1	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,035	17,660	11,370	76.7	82.4	69.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,735	1,020	1,715	7.2	4.8	10.4
Public transit	3,790	1,525	2,265	10.0	7.1	13.8
Walked	1,145	495	645	3.0	2.3	3.9
Bicycle	335	270	70	0.9	1.3	0.4
Other method	830	465	365	2.2	2.2	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,875	21,445	16,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,065	4,225	4,845	23.9	19.7	29.5
15 to 29 minutes	17,175	9,900	7,280	45.3	46.2	44.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,770	4,920	2,855	20.5	22.9	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,055	1,325	730	5.4	6.2	4.4
60 minutes and over	1,800	1,085	720	4.8	5.1	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,875	21,445	16,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,875	2,165	705	7.6	10.1	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,195	4,665	2,525	19.0	21.8	15.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,750	5,545	4,205	25.7	25.9	25.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,910	2,845	3,065	15.6	13.3	18.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,995	2,325	2,675	13.2	10.8	16.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,160	3,900	3,255	18.9	18.2	19.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,590	11,545	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,760	885	875	7.8	7.7	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,825	10,660	10,170	92.2	92.3	92.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,905	8,180	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,225	620	605	7.7	7.6	7.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585	295	290	3.7	3.6	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	640	325	310	4.0	4.0	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,680	7,560	7,115	92.3	92.4	92.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table