Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Edmonton Mill WoodsMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	125,992	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	118,561	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,229	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,211	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,459.9	...	...	2,459.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	51.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	125,990	62,910	63,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,780	12,855	11,925	19.7	20.4	18.9
0 to 4 years	7,930	4,145	3,785	6.3	6.6	6.0
5 to 9 years	8,500	4,370	4,130	6.7	6.9	6.5
10 to 14 years	8,350	4,340	4,010	6.6	6.9	6.4
15 to 64 years	84,845	42,600	42,245	67.3	67.7	67.0
15 to 19 years	7,680	3,995	3,685	6.1	6.4	5.8
20 to 24 years	8,700	4,670	4,025	6.9	7.4	6.4
25 to 29 years	9,315	4,715	4,600	7.4	7.5	7.3
30 to 34 years	10,445	5,180	5,260	8.3	8.2	8.3
35 to 39 years	10,475	5,145	5,330	8.3	8.2	8.4
40 to 44 years	9,325	4,675	4,650	7.4	7.4	7.4
45 to 49 years	8,025	4,010	4,015	6.4	6.4	6.4
50 to 54 years	6,875	3,475	3,400	5.5	5.5	5.4
55 to 59 years	6,960	3,395	3,560	5.5	5.4	5.6
60 to 64 years	7,050	3,345	3,710	5.6	5.3	5.9
65 years and over	16,370	7,455	8,915	13.0	11.9	14.1
65 to 69 years	6,170	2,855	3,320	4.9	4.5	5.3
70 to 74 years	4,560	2,165	2,400	3.6	3.4	3.8
75 to 79 years	2,560	1,185	1,370	2.0	1.9	2.2
80 to 84 years	1,545	700	840	1.2	1.1	1.3
85 years and over	1,530	545	985	1.2	0.9	1.6
85 to 89 years	895	355	540	0.7	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	500	145	345	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.7	20.4	18.9	19.7	20.4	18.9
15 to 64 years	67.3	67.7	67.0	67.3	67.7	67.0
65 years and over	13.0	11.9	14.1	13.0	11.9	14.1
85 years and over	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
Average age of the population	37.2	36.3	38.2	37.2	36.3	38.2
Median age of the population	36.0	35.2	36.8	36.0	35.2	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,780	...	...	58.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,555	...	...	8.4	...	...
Row house	6,370	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	740	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,300	...	...	14.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	360	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,005	...	...	19.0	...	...
2 persons	12,125	...	...	28.7	...	...
3 persons	7,600	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	7,670	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	6,810	...	...	16.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	125,055	62,600	62,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,215	50,055	51,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,100	29,620	29,480	58.4	59.2	57.6
Married	52,265	26,200	26,060	51.6	52.3	50.9
Living common-law	6,835	3,415	3,415	6.8	6.8	6.7
Living common law - Never married	5,210	2,635	2,570	5.1	5.3	5.0
Living common law - Separated	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,245	585	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	42,115	20,435	21,680	41.6	40.8	42.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,425	16,760	13,665	30.1	33.5	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,305	945	1,360	2.3	1.9	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,175	1,905	3,265	5.1	3.8	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,215	825	3,385	4.2	1.6	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,375	...	...	41.9	...	...
3 persons	8,005	...	...	23.3	...	...
4 persons	8,235	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,720	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,440	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	25,020	...	...	72.9	...	...
With children⁶	15,950	...	...	46.5	...	...
Without children	9,075	...	...	26.4	...	...
Common-law couples	3,420	...	...	10.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,475	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	1,940	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,890	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,660	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,230	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	125,055	62,605	62,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	105,850	52,745	53,105	84.6	84.3	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,880	28,405	28,475	45.5	45.4	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,895	1,230	4,665	4.7	2.0	7.5
Children⁶	43,075	23,110	19,970	34.4	36.9	32.0
In a two-parent family	33,300	17,810	15,490	26.6	28.4	24.8
In a one-parent family	9,775	5,300	4,475	7.8	8.5	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,205	9,855	9,345	15.4	15.7	15.0
Living alone	8,005	3,655	4,350	6.4	5.8	7.0
Living with other relatives⁷	5,340	2,495	2,845	4.3	4.0	4.6
Living with non-relatives only	5,860	3,710	2,150	4.7	5.9	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,855	...	...	61.3	...	...
Couple-family households	21,780	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	13,460	...	...	31.9	...	...
Without children	8,315	...	...	19.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,070	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,915	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	570	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,500	...	...	5.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,365	...	...	5.6	...	...
One-person households	8,005	...	...	19.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,340	49,790	50,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,565	47,035	47,535	94.2	94.5	94.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	36,000	40,000	45,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,625	47,060	47,565	94.3	94.5	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,960	42,550	40,415	82.7	85.5	80.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	27,800	34,800	41,600	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,295	37,135	34,160	71.1	74.6	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	30,400	36,400	42,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,660	42,100	43,555	85.4	84.6	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	6,750	10,800	8,900	6,750	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,375	6,830	6,540	13.3	13.7	12.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,760	5,600	5,680	5,760	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,885	17,440	17,450	34.8	35.0	34.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,125	49,600	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,330	46,895	47,440	94.2	94.5	93.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	53,800	42,240	48,000	53,800	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,370	46,900	47,465	94.3	94.6	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,520	45,640	37,440	41,520	45,640	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,845	42,460	40,385	82.7	85.6	79.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,280	49,960	36,240	43,280	49,960	36,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,205	37,045	34,160	71.1	74.7	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,880	50,040	37,200	43,880	50,040	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,555	42,050	43,505	85.4	84.8	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010	9,560	12,420	11,010	9,560	12,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,430	6,815	6,615	13.4	13.7	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,610	7,140	6,870	6,610	7,140
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,845	17,605	17,235	34.8	35.5	34.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,160	8,890	9,420	9,160	8,890	9,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,760	16,765	12,990	29.7	33.8	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	66,500	55,600	60,800	66,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	72,200	59,650	66,700	72,200	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,850	15,490	16,355	31.8	31.2	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	24,600	18,400	21,200	24,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	34,360	24,860	29,480	34,360	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	84.0	73.0	79.2	84.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	73.4	63.4	69.0	73.4	63.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	15.9	27.0	20.8	15.9	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.4	2.0	1.8	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.8	6.7	9.2	7.8	6.7	9.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	6.2	8.1	7.0	6.2	8.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,340	49,785	50,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,775	2,755	3,020	5.8	5.5	6.0
With total income	94,570	47,030	47,535	94.2	94.5	94.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,180	3,540	4,635	8.6	7.5	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,125	4,320	5,800	10.7	9.2	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,840	7,190	8,645	16.7	15.3	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,070	5,675	7,400	13.8	12.1	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,225	5,090	6,135	11.9	10.8	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,250	4,590	4,665	9.8	9.8	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,400	3,880	3,525	7.8	8.3	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,435	3,215	2,220	5.7	6.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,910	2,465	1,440	4.1	5.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,990	1,945	1,045	3.2	4.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,155	5,130	2,025	7.6	10.9	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,675	3,945	1,725	6.0	8.4	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,480	1,185	300	1.6	2.5	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,340	49,785	50,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,715	2,730	2,985	5.7	5.5	5.9
With after-tax income	94,625	47,060	47,565	94.3	94.5	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,375	3,615	4,760	8.9	7.7	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,585	4,555	6,030	11.2	9.7	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,995	8,165	9,825	19.0	17.4	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	15,370	6,890	8,475	16.2	14.6	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,980	6,215	6,765	13.7	13.2	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,060	5,310	4,745	10.6	11.3	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,895	4,010	2,880	7.3	8.5	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	2,795	1,735	4.8	5.9	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,030	1,995	1,040	3.2	4.2	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,810	1,230	580	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,995	2,275	720	3.2	4.8	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,860	1,370	490	2.0	2.9	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,135	905	230	1.2	1.9	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,340	49,785	50,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,050	12,655	16,390	29.0	25.4	32.4
With employment income	71,290	37,130	34,155	71.0	74.6	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,330	3,795	4,535	11.7	10.2	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	6,140	2,740	3,400	8.6	7.4	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,225	4,225	5,005	12.9	11.4	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,480	3,485	3,995	10.5	9.4	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	7,080	3,350	3,735	9.9	9.0	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,630	3,250	3,385	9.3	8.8	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,310	3,265	3,045	8.9	8.8	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,135	2,855	2,280	7.2	7.7	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,955	2,515	1,440	5.5	6.8	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,910	1,910	1,005	4.1	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	1,630	875	3.5	4.4	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,585	4,125	1,460	7.8	11.1	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,330	2,310	1,025	4.7	6.2	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,255	1,820	430	3.2	4.9	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,340	49,790	50,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,375	45,800	46,570	92.1	92.0	92.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	33,200	39,200	46,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,395	45,805	46,595	92.1	92.0	92.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,200	35,600	41,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,190	42,185	40,005	81.9	84.7	79.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,200	38,000	46,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,765	37,405	34,365	71.5	75.1	68.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,200	33,600	39,600	47,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,155	39,695	41,465	80.9	79.7	82.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,820	1,030	4,640	1,820	1,030	4,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,405	4,220	4,180	8.4	8.5	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,520	6,600	5,960	5,520	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,125	49,600	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,200	45,660	46,530	92.1	92.1	92.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960	54,100	39,920	46,960	54,100	39,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,210	45,665	46,540	92.1	92.1	92.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,560	35,280	40,360	45,560	35,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,160	42,060	40,095	82.1	84.8	79.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	53,750	38,080	46,080	53,750	38,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,665	37,190	34,475	71.6	75.0	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,920	53,950	39,320	46,920	53,950	39,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,015	39,800	41,220	80.9	80.2	81.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,680	5,270	8,040	6,680	5,270	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,270	4,210	4,060	8.3	8.5	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,920	8,550	7,720	6,920	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,660	16,720	12,935	29.6	33.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,500	53,600	59,200	65,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	71,200	57,100	65,000	71,200	57,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,090	14,730	15,360	30.1	29.7	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	35,600	25,600	29,800	35,600	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,320	43,920	31,000	37,320	43,920	31,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	91.6	82.2	87.4	91.6	82.2
Employment income (%)	77.6	81.2	73.0	77.6	81.2	73.0
Government transfers (%)	12.5	8.5	17.8	12.5	8.5	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,500	...	...	56,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	850	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,010	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	890	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,095	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,305	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,855	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,120	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,040	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,800	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,990	...	...	47.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,405	...	...	15.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,785	...	...	11.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,430	...	...	12.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,370	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	900	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,140	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,330	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,600	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,460	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,685	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,300	...	...	7.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,935	...	...	37.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,505	...	...	15.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,235	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,870	7,360	6,510	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	45,200	41,200	43,200	45,200	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	40,000	37,600	38,800	40,000	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,700	...	...	90,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,725	7,205	6,515	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,120	51,850	48,160	50,120	51,850	48,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,960	43,920	41,920	42,960	43,920	41,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	125,050	62,600	62,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,300	15,185	14,115	23.4	24.3	22.6
0 to 5 years	9,555	4,990	4,565	7.6	8.0	7.3
18 to 64 years	79,970	40,095	39,870	64.0	64.0	63.8
65 years and over	15,780	7,320	8,460	12.6	11.7	13.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,370	4,830	5,540	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,755	1,900	1,850	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,305	680	620	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,395	2,485	2,910	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,225	445	775	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	7.7	8.9	8.3	7.7	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.5	13.1	12.8	12.5	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.6	13.7	13.6	13.6	13.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.2	7.3	6.8	6.2	7.3
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.2	7.7	6.1	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	125,055	62,605	62,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,305	15,185	14,120	23.4	24.3	22.6
0 to 5 years	9,555	4,990	4,565	7.6	8.0	7.3
18 to 64 years	79,965	40,095	39,875	63.9	64.0	63.8
65 years and over	15,780	7,320	8,460	12.6	11.7	13.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,230	3,155	3,075	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,840	915	925	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	630	330	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,025	2,095	1,930	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	145	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.0	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.0	2.6	2.3	2.0	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	125,050	62,600	62,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,860	31,950	32,910	51.9	51.0	52.7
In bottom decile	9,665	4,775	4,885	7.7	7.6	7.8
In second decile	12,435	5,865	6,570	9.9	9.4	10.5
In third decile	13,610	6,735	6,880	10.9	10.8	11.0
In fourth decile	14,110	6,980	7,125	11.3	11.2	11.4
In fifth decile	15,040	7,590	7,445	12.0	12.1	11.9
In top half of the distribution	60,190	30,650	29,535	48.1	49.0	47.3
In sixth decile	14,190	7,210	6,980	11.3	11.5	11.2
In seventh decile	13,930	6,995	6,935	11.1	11.2	11.1
In eighth decile	13,205	6,695	6,510	10.6	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	11,480	5,930	5,545	9.2	9.5	8.9
In top decile	7,385	3,825	3,560	5.9	6.1	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	125,055	...	...	125,055	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.387	...	...	0.387	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.244	...	...	0.244	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	113,925	57,670	56,255	91.1	92.1	90.0
French only	205	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	6,245	2,925	3,310	5.0	4.7	5.3
Neither English nor French	4,740	1,935	2,810	3.8	3.1	4.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	117,800	59,390	58,410	94.2	94.8	93.5
French	1,925	975	955	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	760	380	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	4,625	1,880	2,750	3.7	3.0	4.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,840	58,505	58,335	93.4	93.4	93.3
Official languages	66,785	33,715	33,070	53.4	53.8	52.9
English	65,025	32,825	32,200	52.0	52.4	51.5
French	1,755	890	870	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	50,055	24,785	25,270	40.0	39.6	40.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,905	24,725	25,175	39.9	39.5	40.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,120	1,020	1,100	1.7	1.6	1.8
Berber languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	990	455	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	860	405	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,095	550	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	870	445	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	490	195	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	455	185	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,675	3,060	3,615	5.3	4.9	5.8
Bikol	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,570	2,550	3,020	4.5	4.1	4.8
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,760	880	885	1.4	1.4	1.4
Kannada	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	1,005	485	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tamil	510	270	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35,690	18,120	17,570	28.5	28.9	28.1
Albanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,630	750	880	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,625	750	870	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	665	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	205	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	305	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	330	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,320	615	710	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,105	510	590	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	1,090	510	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	29,675	15,225	14,455	23.7	24.3	23.1
Indo-Aryan languages	29,090	14,935	14,155	23.3	23.9	22.6
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	350	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	2,255	1,170	1,080	1.8	1.9	1.7
Hindi	2,260	1,140	1,120	1.8	1.8	1.8
Kacchi	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,155	10,895	10,255	16.9	17.4	16.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,205	1,125	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	585	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,970	1,480	1,490	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,565	1,275	1,295	2.1	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	675	320	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,760	800	955	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	1,695	765	930	1.4	1.2	1.5
Hakka	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,150	525	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,270	4,115	4,155	6.6	6.6	6.6
English and French	490	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,870	3,425	3,450	5.5	5.5	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	645	320	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,305	33,425	32,885	53.0	53.4	52.6
French	620	295	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	18,830	9,375	9,455	15.1	15.0	15.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	18,810	9,365	9,445	15.0	15.0	15.1
English and French	1,085	530	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35,565	17,705	17,855	28.4	28.3	28.6
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	845	390	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	1,765	850	905	1.4	1.4	1.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,050	57,635	57,415	92.0	92.0	91.9
Official languages	78,240	39,165	39,075	62.5	62.5	62.5
English	77,385	38,755	38,635	61.9	61.9	61.8
French	855	410	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	36,810	18,470	18,335	29.4	29.5	29.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,780	18,455	18,320	29.4	29.5	29.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,370	640	730	1.1	1.0	1.2
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	720	330	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	590	280	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	645	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	340	145	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	140	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,330	2,095	2,230	3.5	3.3	3.6
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,705	1,790	1,915	3.0	2.9	3.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,385	695	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	790	385	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Tamil	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,330	13,945	13,390	21.8	22.3	21.4
Albanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	680	335	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	335	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	24,570	12,585	11,985	19.6	20.1	19.2
Indo-Aryan languages	24,205	12,410	11,800	19.3	19.8	18.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	1,725	900	830	1.4	1.4	1.3
Hindi	1,590	790	795	1.3	1.3	1.3
Kacchi	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	270	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,450	9,500	8,950	14.7	15.2	14.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,575	795	780	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,820	910	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,665	835	825	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	325	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,200	555	645	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,150	530	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	810	370	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,060	4,985	5,080	8.0	8.0	8.1
English and French	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	9,350	4,625	4,725	7.5	7.4	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	125,115	62,620	62,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,490	46,945	46,545	74.7	75.0	74.5
English	13,265	6,735	6,525	10.6	10.8	10.4
French	865	400	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	12,230	5,920	6,315	9.8	9.5	10.1
Indigenous³⁹	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	12,095	5,860	6,230	9.7	9.4	10.0
English and French	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,195	1,635	1,560	2.6	2.6	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,585	765	820	1.3	1.2	1.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	124,930	62,425	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	120,295	60,555	59,740	96.3	97.0	95.6
English	119,990	60,415	59,580	96.0	96.8	95.3
French	6,545	3,015	3,530	5.2	4.8	5.6
Non-official languages	64,690	31,800	32,890	51.8	50.9	52.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	64,455	31,710	32,745	51.6	50.8	52.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,085	1,500	1,590	2.5	2.4	2.5
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,480	680	805	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	305	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	1,220	560	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,750	885	860	1.4	1.4	1.4
Amharic	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arabic	1,455	775	685	1.2	1.2	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	700	320	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	615	275	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	9,045	4,145	4,900	7.2	6.6	7.8
Bikol	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	455	190	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	750	340	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	235	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pangasinan	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	8,715	3,990	4,725	7.0	6.4	7.6
Waray-Waray	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,455	1,240	1,215	2.0	2.0	1.9
Kannada	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	1,370	710	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Tamil	980	535	450	0.8	0.9	0.7
Telugu	400	185	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45,820	23,110	22,710	36.7	37.0	36.3
Albanian	90	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,045	925	1,120	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,045	925	1,120	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	830	370	460	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	395	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	570	235	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,100	1,010	1,095	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,720	850	875	1.4	1.4	1.4
German	1,695	840	855	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	145	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	215	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,120	18,880	18,240	29.7	30.2	29.2
Indo-Aryan languages	36,690	18,665	18,025	29.4	29.9	28.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	410	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	3,105	1,615	1,490	2.5	2.6	2.4
Hindi	14,090	7,210	6,880	11.3	11.5	11.0
Kacchi	150	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,255	13,785	13,470	21.8	22.1	21.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,970	2,075	1,900	3.2	3.3	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	640	315	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	285	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,945	2,525	2,420	4.0	4.0	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	425	235	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,290	2,150	2,140	3.4	3.4	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	290	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,455	665	790	1.2	1.1	1.3
Akan (Twi)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	195	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	505	210	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dinka	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	245	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	230	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,245	990	1,260	1.8	1.6	2.0
Chinese languages	2,130	940	1,195	1.7	1.5	1.9
Hakka	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	845	345	500	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	175	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	715	855	1.3	1.1	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,010	2,755	3,260	4.8	4.4	5.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,880	2,705	3,170	4.7	4.3	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,875	1,295	1,580	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	2,940	1,390	1,555	2.4	2.2	2.5
Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	118,920	59,675	59,250	95.2	95.6	94.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,325	1,075	1,255	1.9	1.7	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,605	61,355	61,250	98.1	98.3	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,440	...	...	72.2	...	...
Renter	11,695	...	...	27.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,305	...	...	24.5	...	...
Not condominium	31,835	...	...	75.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,550	...	...	6.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,940	...	...	18.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,360	...	...	41.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,055	...	...	33.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,220	...	...	26.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,215	...	...	19.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,620	...	...	15.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,280	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,805	...	...	25.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,095	...	...	92.8	...	...
More than one person per room	3,045	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,870	...	...	89.9	...	...
Not suitable	4,270	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	520	...	...	1.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,470	...	...	32.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,985	...	...	19.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,185	...	...	14.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,425	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,100	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,755	...	...	8.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,700	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,140	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,000	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,385	...	...	43.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,535	...	...	46.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,215	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,075	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,850	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,685	...	...	23.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,015	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,710	...	...	18.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,855	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,155	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	790	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,490	...	...	77.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,490	...	...	22.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,910	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,440	...	...	34.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,375	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not suitable only	3,460	...	...	8.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,320	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	610	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,690	...	...	65.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,055	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	37,345	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.8	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,674	...	...	1,674	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,000	...	...	360,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.7	...	...	30.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.0	...	...	21.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,425	1,200	1,230	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,305	1,125	1,175	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,705	835	870	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis single ancestry	580	275	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,420	2,040	2,375	3.5	3.3	3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,270	1,975	2,295	3.4	3.2	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,495	1,160	1,340	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,685	775	915	1.3	1.2	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,085	59,190	58,895	94.5	94.8	94.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,180	50,490	50,690	81.0	80.9	81.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,375	13,570	12,800	21.1	21.7	20.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,805	36,920	37,890	59.9	59.1	60.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	23,750	11,940	11,810	19.0	19.1	18.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	70,410	35,675	34,740	56.4	57.1	55.6
Immigrants⁸¹	49,725	24,125	25,600	39.8	38.6	41.0
Before 1980	4,905	2,365	2,540	3.9	3.8	4.1
1980 to 1990	4,140	1,855	2,285	3.3	3.0	3.7
1991 to 2000	5,845	2,705	3,145	4.7	4.3	5.0
2001 to 2010	12,655	6,100	6,550	10.1	9.8	10.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	22,180	11,100	11,085	17.8	17.8	17.7
2011 to 2015	11,760	5,885	5,875	9.4	9.4	9.4
2016 to 2021	10,420	5,215	5,210	8.3	8.4	8.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,800	2,630	2,165	3.8	4.2	3.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	49,725	24,125	25,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,785	1,915	1,870	7.6	7.9	7.3
5 to 14 years	7,330	3,680	3,650	14.7	15.3	14.3
15 to 24 years	10,225	4,635	5,585	20.6	19.2	21.8
25 to 44 years	22,465	11,085	11,380	45.2	45.9	44.5
45 years and over	5,925	2,805	3,115	11.9	11.6	12.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	49,725	24,125	25,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,040	1,925	2,115	8.1	8.0	8.3
Brazil	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	230	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	475	235	240	1.0	1.0	0.9
Guyana	225	105	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haiti	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	425	215	210	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	500	255	250	1.0	1.1	1.0
Peru	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	245	105	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
United States of America	565	245	325	1.1	1.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	1,215	590	630	2.4	2.4	2.5
Europe	4,125	1,960	2,165	8.3	8.1	8.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	150	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
France	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	625	320	305	1.3	1.3	1.2
Greece	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	215	120	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	165	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	780	325	450	1.6	1.3	1.8
Portugal	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	195	85	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	945	470	470	1.9	1.9	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	460	220	245	0.9	0.9	1.0
Africa	3,960	1,880	2,080	8.0	7.8	8.1
Algeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	270	100	170	0.5	0.4	0.7
Egypt	170	110	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia	320	130	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Morocco	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	365	205	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
Somalia	535	245	290	1.1	1.0	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	125	60	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,970	935	1,035	4.0	3.9	4.0
Asia	37,160	18,120	19,040	74.7	75.1	74.4
Afghanistan	215	110	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Turkey	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	525	235	295	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	380	145	235	0.8	0.6	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	180	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	8,585	3,935	4,650	17.3	16.3	18.2
Viet Nam	615	265	345	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bangladesh	240	135	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
India	21,940	10,995	10,940	44.1	45.6	42.7
Pakistan	2,185	1,100	1,090	4.4	4.6	4.3
Sri Lanka	265	120	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	770	800	3.2	3.2	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	435	240	200	0.9	1.0	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,420	5,215	5,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	740	410	330	7.1	7.9	6.3
Brazil	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Colombia	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	90	40	45	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mexico	220	130	90	2.1	2.5	1.7
United States of America	115	65	55	1.1	1.2	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	215	130	90	2.1	2.5	1.7
Europe	315	135	175	3.0	2.6	3.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	50	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	135	70	70	1.3	1.3	1.3
Africa	960	425	530	9.2	8.1	10.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	35	75	1.1	0.7	1.4
Côte d'Ivoire	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.7
Egypt	70	45	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
Eritrea	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Ethiopia	65	10	50	0.6	0.2	1.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	150	85	65	1.4	1.6	1.2
Somalia	80	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tunisia	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	220	120	100	2.1	2.3	1.9
Asia	8,375	4,215	4,165	80.4	80.8	79.9
Afghanistan	85	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bangladesh	65	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
China⁹⁰	50	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
India	5,555	2,860	2,695	53.3	54.8	51.7
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	70	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	280	145	140	2.7	2.8	2.7
Philippines	1,840	885	955	17.7	17.0	18.3
Saudi Arabia	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.6
Sri Lanka	55	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	75	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
Oceania and other⁹³	35	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	124,935	62,425	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,275	27,170	28,105	44.2	43.5	45.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,780	13,685	13,095	21.4	21.9	21.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	42,885	21,580	21,310	34.3	34.6	34.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	44,825	21,760	23,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	24,200	12,480	11,715	54.0	57.4	50.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,430	6,630	3,805	23.3	30.5	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,765	5,850	7,915	30.7	26.9	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15,615	6,780	8,830	34.8	31.2	38.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,665	2,340	2,325	10.4	10.8	10.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	340	155	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	44,825	21,760	23,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,235	680	555	2.8	3.1	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,920	2,940	2,975	13.2	13.5	12.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	850	395	450	1.9	1.8	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,065	1,925	1,135	6.8	8.8	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150	85	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	33,615	15,735	17,880	75.0	72.3	77.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	69,355	34,610	34,745	55.5	55.4	55.6
South Asian	40,855	20,795	20,060	32.7	33.3	32.1
Chinese	2,255	1,035	1,225	1.8	1.7	2.0
Black	6,900	3,345	3,555	5.5	5.4	5.7
Filipino	10,810	5,140	5,670	8.7	8.2	9.1
Arab	1,010	545	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
Latin American	3,090	1,565	1,525	2.5	2.5	2.4
Southeast Asian	1,455	675	780	1.2	1.1	1.2
West Asian	435	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	625	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,510	805	710	1.2	1.3	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	55,580	27,820	27,760	44.5	44.6	44.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,085	5,365	4,720	8.1	8.6	7.6
English	12,835	6,255	6,585	10.3	10.0	10.5
Irish	11,170	5,370	5,795	8.9	8.6	9.3
Scottish	12,180	5,800	6,380	9.7	9.3	10.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,350	3,505	3,850	5.9	5.6	6.2
German	13,230	6,545	6,680	10.6	10.5	10.7
Chinese	2,955	1,280	1,675	2.4	2.1	2.7
Italian	1,695	890	805	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indian (India)	22,455	11,290	11,165	18.0	18.1	17.9
Ukrainian	7,885	3,900	3,990	6.3	6.2	6.4
Dutch	2,715	1,295	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
Polish	3,955	1,800	2,150	3.2	2.9	3.4
Québécois	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,000	1,000	1,000	1.6	1.6	1.6
Filipino	10,320	4,950	5,365	8.3	7.9	8.6
French Canadian	785	335	450	0.6	0.5	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,475	760	715	1.2	1.2	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,500	660	840	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	2,525	1,180	1,345	2.0	1.9	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,155	570	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	1,715	720	990	1.4	1.2	1.6
Norwegian	2,760	1,355	1,410	2.2	2.2	2.3
Welsh	1,220	610	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	500	290	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
American	1,145	540	605	0.9	0.9	1.0
Spanish	1,370	670	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	1,655	780	875	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hungarian	845	430	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	170	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	2,750	1,440	1,320	2.2	2.3	2.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,240	575	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jewish	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	8,330	4,275	4,060	6.7	6.8	6.5
Vietnamese	735	345	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	485	255	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	660	320	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,275	620	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,580	795	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
Korean	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	665	360	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	410	230	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	895	410	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	570	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	6,000	3,075	2,920	4.8	4.9	4.7
Austrian	610	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	360	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	2,715	1,440	1,270	2.2	2.3	2.0
Mexican	885	445	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mennonite	285	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	900	450	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	380	230	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
Muslim	870	445	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Egyptian	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	485	275	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	130	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	335	115	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Syrian	145	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	275	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	540	255	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	70	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	1,230	575	655	1.0	0.9	1.0
Taiwanese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	525	260	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	325	150	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	625	325	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Congolese	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	165	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	610	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	585	320	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ghanaian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	385	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jatt	710	370	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	170	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ivorian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malay	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tanzanian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	124,935	62,430	62,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,050	435	615	0.8	0.7	1.0
Christian	48,905	23,110	25,800	39.1	37.0	41.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,170	4,895	5,280	8.1	7.8	8.4
Anabaptist	180	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	1,455	590	870	1.2	0.9	1.4
Baptist	1,400	600	800	1.1	1.0	1.3
Catholic	23,645	11,320	12,325	18.9	18.1	19.7
Christian Orthodox	1,225	545	680	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	670	310	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	795	390	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lutheran	1,700	755	950	1.4	1.2	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	295	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,800	845	960	1.4	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	390	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,270	990	1,275	1.8	1.6	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,815	1,350	1,470	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	9,090	4,720	4,360	7.3	7.6	7.0
Jewish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	8,775	4,415	4,365	7.0	7.1	7.0
Sikh	23,945	12,075	11,865	19.2	19.3	19.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	715	325	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	32,225	17,240	14,985	25.8	27.6	24.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	123,350	61,640	61,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,690	53,765	53,925	87.3	87.2	87.4
Movers	15,660	7,875	7,785	12.7	12.8	12.6
Non-migrants	11,990	6,020	5,980	9.7	9.8	9.7
Migrants	3,670	1,860	1,805	3.0	3.0	2.9
Internal migrants	2,355	1,180	1,175	1.9	1.9	1.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,255	605	650	1.0	1.0	1.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,095	570	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	1,310	680	630	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	117,010	58,355	58,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,955	34,715	35,240	59.8	59.5	60.1
Movers	47,055	23,640	23,415	40.2	40.5	39.9
Non-migrants	29,210	14,645	14,570	25.0	25.1	24.8
Migrants	17,840	8,995	8,845	15.2	15.4	15.1
Internal migrants	8,630	4,400	4,235	7.4	7.5	7.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,750	2,440	2,315	4.1	4.2	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,880	1,960	1,920	3.3	3.4	3.3
External migrants	9,210	4,605	4,610	7.9	7.9	7.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,225	9,250	8,975	18.2	18.6	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,900	40,355	41,545	81.8	81.4	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,925	33,610	34,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,915	4,700	4,210	13.1	14.0	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,015	28,905	30,110	86.9	86.0	87.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,200	7,935	8,265	16.2	16.0	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,360	15,310	15,060	30.3	30.9	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,560	26,365	27,190	53.5	53.1	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,565	15,305	13,260	28.5	30.9	26.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,905	6,240	1,665	7.9	12.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,420	1,450	965	2.4	2.9	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,485	4,795	700	5.5	9.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,510	7,250	9,260	16.5	14.6	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,150	1,815	2,335	4.1	3.7	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,990	11,055	13,935	25.0	22.3	27.6
Bachelor's degree	17,405	7,610	9,795	17.4	15.3	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,495	715	780	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	210	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	5,075	2,210	2,865	5.1	4.5	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	505	315	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,925	33,605	34,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,450	3,795	3,650	11.0	11.3	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,130	9,290	8,840	26.7	27.6	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,345	20,520	21,830	62.3	61.1	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,625	11,560	10,065	31.8	34.4	29.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,020	4,745	1,275	8.9	14.1	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,830	1,120	710	2.7	3.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,190	3,620	570	6.2	10.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,665	5,505	7,165	18.6	16.4	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,940	1,315	1,630	4.3	3.9	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,725	8,955	11,765	30.5	26.6	34.3
Bachelor's degree	14,260	6,185	8,075	21.0	18.4	23.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,220	580	635	1.8	1.7	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	180	280	0.7	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	4,445	1,830	2,615	6.5	5.4	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,565	23,235	23,325	46.5	46.8	46.2
Education	3,220	655	2,565	3.2	1.3	5.1
13. Education	3,220	655	2,565	3.2	1.3	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,060	410	655	1.1	0.8	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	330	595	0.9	0.7	1.2
Humanities	3,375	1,295	2,080	3.4	2.6	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	60	210	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	465	120	345	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,845	690	1,160	1.8	1.4	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	190	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,380	1,305	3,075	4.4	2.6	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	95	870	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	655	185	470	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	810	195	615	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,385	600	790	1.4	1.2	1.6
Business, management and public administration	11,855	5,020	6,835	11.8	10.1	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	135	465	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,215	4,875	6,340	11.2	9.8	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,385	1,070	1,310	2.4	2.2	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	780	265	515	0.8	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	340	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	635	375	265	0.6	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,810	1,675	1,125	2.8	3.4	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,350	1,450	895	2.3	2.9	1.8
25. Library science	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,145	11,960	1,185	13.1	24.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	240	170	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	3,330	2,825	500	3.3	5.7	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,140	2,710	430	3.1	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,660	2,580	80	2.7	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,850	1,800	50	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,925	1,880	45	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	435	320	0.7	0.9	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	8,385	1,530	6,850	8.4	3.1	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,900	1,285	6,620	7.9	2.6	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,195	1,000	1,195	2.2	2.0	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,325	355	970	1.3	0.7	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	250	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	430	380	50	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,925	33,610	34,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,580	13,095	12,490	37.7	39.0	36.4
Education	2,110	400	1,705	3.1	1.2	5.0
13. Education	2,110	400	1,705	3.1	1.2	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	315	550	1.3	0.9	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	780	270	510	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	2,740	1,015	1,725	4.0	3.0	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	50	170	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	320	65	255	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,590	590	1,000	2.3	1.8	2.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	135	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	220	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,505	1,000	2,510	5.2	3.0	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	145	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	75	675	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	555	145	405	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	640	140	495	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,100	465	635	1.6	1.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	9,520	3,930	5,595	14.0	11.7	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	115	390	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,985	3,800	5,185	13.2	11.3	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,740	730	1,010	2.6	2.2	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	190	400	0.9	0.6	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	550	240	310	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	455	230	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,455	1,450	1,000	3.6	4.3	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,110	1,280	825	3.1	3.8	2.4
25. Library science	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,260	9,255	1,010	15.1	27.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	155	110	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,805	2,365	445	4.1	7.0	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,425	2,070	355	3.6	6.2	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,060	1,985	75	3.0	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,300	1,255	45	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,510	1,475	30	2.2	4.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	310	285	0.9	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	205	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	6,815	1,315	5,500	10.0	3.9	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	190	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,425	1,100	5,325	9.5	3.3	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	795	930	2.5	2.4	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,040	295	745	1.5	0.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	175	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	310	45	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,925	33,610	34,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,580	13,095	12,490	37.7	39.0	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,345	20,515	21,830	62.3	61.0	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	26,045	12,850	13,190	38.3	38.2	38.4
Same as province or territory of residence	21,370	10,340	11,035	31.5	30.8	32.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,670	2,515	2,155	6.9	7.5	6.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,305	7,665	8,640	24.0	22.8	25.2
Americas	1,110	550	560	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	520	255	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	190	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	205	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,015	505	510	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgium	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	30	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germany	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	160	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Africa	680	360	325	1.0	1.1	0.9
Nigeria	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	345	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	13,285	6,130	7,160	19.6	18.2	20.9
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	3,340	1,360	1,975	4.9	4.0	5.8
Viet Nam	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	8,605	4,155	4,440	12.7	12.4	12.9
Pakistan	630	290	345	0.9	0.9	1.0
Other locations of study in Asia	215	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	210	125	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,125	49,605	50,520	...	...	...
In the labour force	68,340	36,290	32,050	...	...	...
Employed	59,490	31,825	27,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,850	4,455	4,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,785	13,320	18,465	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.3	73.2	63.4	68.3	73.2	63.4
Employment rate	59.4	64.2	54.8	59.4	64.2	54.8
Unemployment rate	12.9	12.3	13.7	12.9	12.3	13.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,125	49,605	50,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,340	15,295	20,045	35.3	30.8	39.7
Worked	64,785	34,310	30,475	64.7	69.2	60.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,770	17,520	13,250	30.7	35.3	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,015	16,790	17,225	34.0	33.8	34.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.2	39.1	39.7	40.2	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	68,340	36,285	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,640	1,240	1,400	3.9	3.4	4.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,700	35,045	30,650	96.1	96.6	95.6
Employee	57,730	29,540	28,190	84.5	81.4	87.9
Permanent position	47,725	24,435	23,290	69.8	67.3	72.7
Temporary position	10,005	5,100	4,900	14.6	14.1	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,920	1,380	1,540	4.3	3.8	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,080	3,725	3,360	10.4	10.3	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,970	5,510	2,455	11.7	15.2	7.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	68,340	36,285	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,640	1,240	1,400	3.9	3.4	4.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,700	35,045	30,650	96.1	96.6	95.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295	195	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,250	2,995	7,255	15.0	8.3	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,410	3,510	895	6.5	9.7	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,075	790	4,285	7.4	2.2	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,945	1,555	4,395	8.7	4.3	13.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	935	400	535	1.4	1.1	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	18,645	8,005	10,645	27.3	22.1	33.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,000	14,530	1,475	23.4	40.0	4.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,105	880	230	1.6	2.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,030	2,190	840	4.4	6.0	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	68,340	36,285	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,640	1,240	1,400	3.9	3.4	4.4
All industries¹⁹¹	65,700	35,045	30,650	96.1	96.6	95.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370	205	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,455	1,290	170	2.1	3.6	0.5
22 Utilities	440	315	125	0.6	0.9	0.4
23 Construction	6,375	5,405	965	9.3	14.9	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	4,930	3,715	1,220	7.2	10.2	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,250	1,655	595	3.3	4.6	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	9,015	4,005	5,010	13.2	11.0	15.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,550	5,265	1,280	9.6	14.5	4.0
51 Information and cultural industries	695	440	250	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,920	685	1,230	2.8	1.9	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	935	505	430	1.4	1.4	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,765	2,160	1,600	5.5	6.0	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,475	2,055	1,425	5.1	5.7	4.4
61 Educational services	3,330	990	2,340	4.9	2.7	7.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,915	1,505	7,405	13.0	4.1	23.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	765	345	415	1.1	1.0	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,530	1,775	2,755	6.6	4.9	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,085	1,585	1,500	4.5	4.4	4.7
91 Public administration	2,835	1,130	1,700	4.1	3.1	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,215	37,650	33,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,395	34,455	30,935	91.8	91.5	92.2
French	160	25	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	805	460	345	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	800	460	340	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	485	170	310	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,295	2,505	1,790	6.0	6.7	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,215	37,650	33,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,290	37,110	33,185	98.7	98.6	98.9
Official languages	68,735	36,185	32,555	96.5	96.1	97.0
English	68,475	36,125	32,350	96.2	95.9	96.4
French	260	60	200	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	1,555	925	630	2.2	2.5	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,550	925	630	2.2	2.5	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,415	860	560	2.0	2.3	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,265	785	475	1.8	2.1	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,265	785	475	1.8	2.1	1.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,145	720	420	1.6	1.9	1.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	920	540	380	1.3	1.4	1.1
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	870	515	355	1.2	1.4	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,215	37,650	33,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,155	35,405	31,755	94.3	94.0	94.6
English	750	440	305	1.1	1.2	0.9
French	350	130	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	2,435	1,395	1,035	3.4	3.7	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,410	1,385	1,025	3.4	3.7	3.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	440	225	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,490	31,825	27,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,360	3,570	4,785	14.1	11.2	17.3
Worked outside Canada	145	110	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	11,475	8,940	2,535	19.3	28.1	9.2
Usual place of work	39,510	19,205	20,310	66.4	60.3	73.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,510	19,210	20,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,940	15,215	17,730	83.4	79.2	87.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,700	3,370	2,330	14.4	17.5	11.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	680	475	200	1.7	2.5	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	195	150	45	0.5	0.8	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,990	28,145	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,045	25,875	19,175	88.3	91.9	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,095	24,435	16,670	80.6	86.8	73.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,950	1,440	2,505	7.7	5.1	11.0
Public transit	3,940	1,350	2,600	7.7	4.8	11.4
Walked	840	265	570	1.6	0.9	2.5
Bicycle	145	95	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other method	1,020	555	455	2.0	2.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,990	28,145	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,245	5,390	5,850	22.1	19.2	25.6
15 to 29 minutes	22,700	12,610	10,090	44.5	44.8	44.2
30 to 44 minutes	11,750	7,175	4,575	23.0	25.5	20.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,580	1,540	1,035	5.1	5.5	4.5
60 minutes and over	2,715	1,425	1,290	5.3	5.1	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,990	28,145	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,610	2,615	995	7.1	9.3	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,320	5,865	3,455	18.3	20.8	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,415	6,640	5,770	24.3	23.6	25.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,770	4,410	4,355	17.2	15.7	19.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,055	3,320	3,730	13.8	11.8	16.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,820	5,290	4,535	19.3	18.8	19.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,840	15,480	14,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,360	1,190	1,170	7.9	7.7	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,475	14,285	13,190	92.1	92.3	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,375	11,075	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,800	895	905	8.4	8.1	8.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,125	540	585	5.3	4.9	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	355	320	3.2	3.2	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,575	10,175	9,395	91.6	91.9	91.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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