Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Grande Prairie--MackenzieMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,586	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,327	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,984	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,570	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	111,864.57	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,585	60,815	58,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,885	13,755	13,125	22.5	22.6	22.3
0 to 4 years	8,375	4,255	4,120	7.0	7.0	7.0
5 to 9 years	9,405	4,845	4,560	7.9	8.0	7.8
10 to 14 years	9,100	4,660	4,445	7.6	7.7	7.6
15 to 64 years	79,150	40,520	38,630	66.2	66.6	65.7
15 to 19 years	7,560	3,900	3,655	6.3	6.4	6.2
20 to 24 years	6,745	3,530	3,215	5.6	5.8	5.5
25 to 29 years	8,105	4,170	3,935	6.8	6.9	6.7
30 to 34 years	9,520	4,820	4,700	8.0	7.9	8.0
35 to 39 years	10,185	5,125	5,065	8.5	8.4	8.6
40 to 44 years	8,665	4,455	4,215	7.2	7.3	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,665	4,045	3,625	6.4	6.7	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,630	3,295	3,340	5.5	5.4	5.7
55 to 59 years	7,430	3,755	3,670	6.2	6.2	6.2
60 to 64 years	6,650	3,430	3,220	5.6	5.6	5.5
65 years and over	13,550	6,540	7,010	11.3	10.8	11.9
65 to 69 years	5,115	2,605	2,510	4.3	4.3	4.3
70 to 74 years	3,395	1,705	1,695	2.8	2.8	2.9
75 to 79 years	2,105	1,045	1,055	1.8	1.7	1.8
80 to 84 years	1,465	675	790	1.2	1.1	1.3
85 years and over	1,470	510	960	1.2	0.8	1.6
85 to 89 years	880	355	520	0.7	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	420	125	295	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	165	25	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.5	22.6	22.3	22.5	22.6	22.3
15 to 64 years	66.2	66.6	65.7	66.2	66.6	65.7
65 years and over	11.3	10.8	11.9	11.3	10.8	11.9
85 years and over	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
Average age of the population	36.2	35.9	36.6	36.2	35.9	36.6
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	35.6	35.6	35.2	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,875	...	...	69.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,040	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	1,485	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,970	...	...	11.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,685	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,695	...	...	24.0	...	...
2 persons	15,125	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	6,925	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	6,875	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,950	...	...	11.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,980	59,685	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,700	47,060	45,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,995	28,125	27,870	60.4	59.8	61.1
Married	43,670	21,960	21,710	47.1	46.7	47.6
Living common-law	12,325	6,165	6,155	13.3	13.1	13.5
Living common law - Never married	9,355	4,745	4,610	10.1	10.1	10.1
Living common law - Separated	555	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,195	1,065	1,125	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	36,710	18,935	17,775	39.6	40.2	38.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,170	14,550	10,625	27.2	30.9	23.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,570	1,175	1,390	2.8	2.5	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,190	2,335	2,855	5.6	5.0	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,780	880	2,905	4.1	1.9	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,460	...	...	47.6	...	...
3 persons	6,575	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	6,465	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,975	...	...	12.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,190	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	21,030	...	...	64.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,845	...	...	36.5	...	...
Without children	9,185	...	...	28.3	...	...
Common-law couples	6,160	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,860	...	...	8.8	...	...
Without children	3,300	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,285	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,825	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,465	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,975	59,690	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,355	49,115	49,245	84.1	82.3	86.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,385	27,175	27,210	46.5	45.5	47.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,285	1,460	3,820	4.5	2.4	6.7
Children⁶	38,690	20,475	18,215	33.1	34.3	31.8
In a two-parent family	30,010	15,705	14,305	25.7	26.3	25.0
In a one-parent family	8,675	4,765	3,910	7.4	8.0	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,620	10,575	8,045	15.9	17.7	14.0
Living alone	10,695	5,965	4,725	9.1	10.0	8.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,685	1,435	1,250	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	5,235	3,170	2,065	4.5	5.3	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,575	...	...	64.1	...	...
Couple-family households	24,765	...	...	55.6	...	...
With children⁶	13,480	...	...	30.2	...	...
Without children	11,290	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,805	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,875	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,210	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	10,695	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,265	46,005	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,075	43,920	42,160	95.4	95.5	95.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	62,800	38,000	47,600	62,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,150	43,960	42,185	95.4	95.6	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	54,000	35,200	42,800	54,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,060	41,060	37,000	86.5	89.3	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	60,800	30,400	43,600	60,800	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,580	37,220	32,355	77.1	80.9	73.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	60,400	31,000	44,000	60,400	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,825	36,500	37,325	81.8	79.3	84.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,280	9,300	7,650	5,280	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,790	5,205	5,585	12.0	11.3	12.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,720	6,000	6,000	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,810	13,185	13,625	29.7	28.7	30.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,345	45,945	44,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,300	43,925	42,380	95.5	95.6	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,700	73,100	45,840	59,700	73,100	45,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,405	43,990	42,415	95.6	95.7	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960	59,400	40,160	49,960	59,400	40,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,450	41,005	37,445	86.8	89.2	84.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	70,200	40,440	56,000	70,200	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,655	36,905	32,750	77.1	80.3	73.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	67,500	39,600	54,400	67,500	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,550	36,995	37,550	82.5	80.5	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,000	11,380	10,200	9,000	11,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,895	5,205	5,685	12.1	11.3	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,070	6,360	7,720	7,070	6,360	7,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,575	13,210	13,365	29.4	28.8	30.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	9,010	9,200	9,110	9,010	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,345	45,950	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,135	18,180	12,950	34.5	39.6	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	85,000	57,200	72,000	85,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,500	91,600	62,600	79,500	91,600	62,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,080	14,690	15,395	33.3	32.0	34.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	35,600	19,200	24,600	35,600	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	47,600	26,520	36,800	47,600	26,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2	89.6	78.0	85.2	89.6	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	77.6	66.8	73.6	77.6	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.8	10.4	22.0	14.8	10.4	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.3	1.5	1.0	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.0	7.3	5.2	4.0	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	6.3	4.7	3.7	6.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,265	46,010	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,190	2,085	2,100	4.6	4.5	4.7
With total income	86,080	43,920	42,155	95.4	95.5	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,210	2,830	4,385	8.4	6.4	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,450	2,695	4,750	8.7	6.1	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,715	4,685	7,030	13.6	10.7	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	9,945	3,825	6,125	11.6	8.7	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,695	3,535	5,155	10.1	8.0	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	3,440	3,900	8.5	7.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,305	3,290	3,010	7.3	7.5	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,075	3,010	2,060	5.9	6.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,445	2,935	1,510	5.2	6.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,975	2,685	1,290	4.6	6.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	13,930	10,990	2,935	16.2	25.0	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	9,815	7,440	2,375	11.4	16.9	5.6
$150,000 and over	4,115	3,550	560	4.8	8.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,265	46,010	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,115	2,040	2,075	4.6	4.4	4.7
With after-tax income	86,150	43,965	42,190	95.4	95.6	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,490	2,965	4,525	8.7	6.7	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,730	2,830	4,905	9.0	6.4	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,195	5,255	7,935	15.3	12.0	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,560	4,525	7,035	13.4	10.3	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,230	4,605	5,625	11.9	10.5	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,510	4,350	4,155	9.9	9.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	4,185	2,690	8.0	9.5	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,615	3,760	1,850	6.5	8.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,620	3,205	1,420	5.4	7.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160	2,360	805	3.7	5.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,160	5,925	1,235	8.3	13.5	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,125	3,365	765	4.8	7.7	1.8
$125,000 and over	3,030	2,565	470	3.5	5.8	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,265	46,010	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,690	8,785	11,905	22.9	19.1	26.9
With employment income	69,580	37,225	32,360	77.1	80.9	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,075	3,615	4,455	11.6	9.7	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,760	1,870	2,890	6.8	5.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,655	2,985	4,670	11.0	8.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,335	2,515	3,820	9.1	6.8	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,835	2,575	3,255	8.4	6.9	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,330	2,360	2,970	7.7	6.3	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,090	2,540	2,550	7.3	6.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,620	2,555	2,065	6.6	6.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,905	2,480	1,420	5.6	6.7	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,515	2,425	1,085	5.1	6.5	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,370	2,220	1,155	4.8	6.0	3.6
$100,000 and over	11,085	9,080	2,005	15.9	24.4	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	5,485	4,185	1,300	7.9	11.2	4.0
$125,000 and over	5,600	4,890	705	8.0	13.1	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,265	46,005	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,740	43,140	41,600	93.9	93.8	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	67,500	36,000	48,400	67,500	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,760	43,145	41,615	93.9	93.8	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	57,600	33,600	43,200	57,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,735	40,825	36,915	86.1	88.7	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	68,000	34,000	48,000	68,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,880	37,265	32,620	77.4	81.0	73.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	68,000	34,400	48,400	68,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,525	34,700	34,825	77.0	75.4	78.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,380	990	4,200	1,380	990	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,030	3,115	3,910	7.8	6.8	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,120	7,050	6,120	5,120	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,345	45,945	44,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,970	43,135	41,835	94.1	93.9	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,950	77,200	44,280	60,950	77,200	44,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,985	43,135	41,850	94.1	93.9	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,000	38,400	50,400	62,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,110	40,750	37,360	86.5	88.7	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,600	77,300	42,400	60,600	77,300	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,090	37,105	32,985	77.6	80.8	74.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,000	74,500	41,600	59,000	74,500	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,775	34,860	34,915	77.2	75.9	78.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,140	7,700	6,420	5,140	7,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,040	3,055	3,985	7.8	6.6	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,120	6,880	9,070	8,120	6,880	9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,345	45,950	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,845	18,025	12,825	34.1	39.2	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500	88,000	54,800	71,500	88,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,300	94,500	60,200	80,300	94,500	60,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,720	14,125	14,600	31.8	30.7	32.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	52,000	26,400	34,800	52,000	26,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	47,080	61,950	32,680	47,080	61,950	32,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.6	85.4	91.4	94.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	79.8	83.0	74.0	79.8	83.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)	8.6	5.4	14.5	8.6	5.4	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	2.0	1.1	0.6	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,450	...	...	60,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,000	...	...	51,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,225	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,115	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,235	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,340	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,240	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,595	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,700	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,595	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,700	...	...	50.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,970	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,045	...	...	11.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,355	...	...	14.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,330	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,300	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,310	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,285	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,425	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,520	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,475	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,265	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,375	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,520	...	...	41.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,765	...	...	15.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,760	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,995	...	...	15.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,930	9,140	6,795	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	55,200	40,800	47,600	55,200	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	48,000	37,200	42,400	48,000	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...	99,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,935	9,070	6,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,950	62,750	49,280	56,950	62,750	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	52,100	43,080	48,200	52,100	43,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,975	59,685	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,460	16,145	15,315	26.9	27.1	26.7
0 to 5 years	10,230	5,190	5,045	8.7	8.7	8.8
18 to 64 years	73,615	37,580	36,030	62.9	63.0	62.9
65 years and over	11,900	5,960	5,945	10.2	10.0	10.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,565	5,075	5,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,560	1,795	1,765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,225	595	630	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,400	2,580	2,820	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,605	700	905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.5	9.6	9.0	8.5	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.1	11.5	11.3	11.1	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	11.5	12.5	12.0	11.5	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.3	6.9	7.8	7.3	6.9	7.8
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.7	15.3	13.5	11.7	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,325	57,780	55,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,410	14,635	26.5	26.7	26.4
0 to 5 years	9,795	4,985	4,810	8.6	8.6	8.7
18 to 64 years	71,640	36,550	35,090	63.2	63.3	63.2
65 years and over	11,645	5,820	5,820	10.3	10.1	10.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,415	1,755	1,655	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,035	525	510	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	165	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,105	1,020	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	130	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,975	59,685	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,600	25,305	26,300	44.1	42.4	45.9
In bottom decile	9,410	4,700	4,710	8.0	7.9	8.2
In second decile	9,905	4,610	5,300	8.5	7.7	9.3
In third decile	10,335	5,015	5,320	8.8	8.4	9.3
In fourth decile	10,545	5,240	5,305	9.0	8.8	9.3
In fifth decile	11,400	5,740	5,665	9.7	9.6	9.9
In top half of the distribution	65,370	34,380	30,995	55.9	57.6	54.1
In sixth decile	11,985	6,065	5,925	10.2	10.2	10.3
In seventh decile	12,750	6,620	6,130	10.9	11.1	10.7
In eighth decile	13,330	7,095	6,240	11.4	11.9	10.9
In ninth decile	14,005	7,470	6,535	12.0	12.5	11.4
In top decile	13,305	7,135	6,170	11.4	12.0	10.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,975	...	...	116,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,555	60,415	58,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	111,140	56,955	54,180	93.7	94.3	93.2
French only	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,850	3,235	3,620	5.8	5.4	6.2
Neither English nor French	485	200	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,555	60,415	58,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	115,965	59,130	56,830	97.8	97.9	97.7
French	1,930	995	930	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	460	190	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,555	60,415	58,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,660	59,025	56,640	97.6	97.7	97.4
Official languages	102,975	52,855	50,120	86.9	87.5	86.2
English	100,945	51,790	49,155	85.1	85.7	84.5
French	2,030	1,065	960	1.7	1.8	1.7
Non-official languages	12,685	6,170	6,520	10.7	10.2	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,200	580	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Algonquian languages	625	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	560	265	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	560	265	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	455	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,485	5,585	5,895	9.7	9.2	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	280	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	210	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	165	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,210	1,380	1,835	2.7	2.3	3.2
Bikol	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,595	1,115	1,480	2.2	1.8	2.5
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,655	3,370	3,290	5.6	5.6	5.7
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	845	380	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	835	375	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,795	1,950	1,840	3.2	3.2	3.2
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,475	1,270	1,205	2.1	2.1	2.1
German	2,440	1,250	1,190	2.1	2.1	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,220	630	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	735	380	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,195	635	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,135	605	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	180	90	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	325	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	760	360	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	605	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	210	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	150	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	330	150	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,895	1,390	1,505	2.4	2.3	2.6
English and French	500	260	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,125	995	1,130	1.8	1.6	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,555	60,415	58,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	103,890	53,305	50,585	87.6	88.2	87.0
French	400	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	3,365	1,670	1,695	2.8	2.8	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,120	1,535	1,585	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	1,100	525	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	9,275	4,470	4,800	7.8	7.4	8.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,555	60,415	58,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,275	59,320	56,960	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	109,330	55,905	53,425	92.2	92.5	91.9
English	108,775	55,635	53,135	91.8	92.1	91.4
French	550	265	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	6,945	3,410	3,530	5.9	5.6	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	550	270	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,390	3,145	3,250	5.4	5.2	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,935	900	1,030	1.6	1.5	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,605	750	855	1.4	1.2	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,565	1,800	1,770	3.0	3.0	3.0
Albanian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,045	1,030	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,440	725	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	1,435	725	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	605	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	865	445	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	825	420	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	490	255	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,280	1,100	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,015	975	1,040	1.7	1.6	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,555	60,415	58,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,550	56,080	53,470	92.4	92.8	92.0
English	3,005	1,460	1,550	2.5	2.4	2.7
French	880	415	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	4,150	1,980	2,170	3.5	3.3	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	675	335	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-Indigenous	3,475	1,645	1,830	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	365	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,160	59,810	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	116,655	59,595	57,060	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	116,600	59,580	57,020	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	6,960	3,240	3,720	5.9	5.4	6.5
Non-official languages	17,380	8,310	9,070	14.8	13.9	15.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,915	965	955	1.6	1.6	1.7
Algonquian languages	910	445	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	905	445	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	900	440	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	285	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	435	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,020	520	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,020	520	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	785	420	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,465	7,350	8,115	13.2	12.3	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	840	475	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	730	410	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	575	330	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,490	1,880	2,605	3.8	3.1	4.5
Bikol	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	465	195	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,330	1,790	2,535	3.7	3.0	4.4
Waray-Waray	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	310	195	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,375	4,145	4,235	7.1	6.9	7.4
Albanian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	545	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,085	540	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	145	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,210	2,110	2,100	3.6	3.5	3.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,665	1,345	1,325	2.3	2.2	2.3
German	2,645	1,330	1,320	2.3	2.2	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,540	760	780	1.3	1.3	1.4
Afrikaans	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	165	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low Saxon	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plautdietsch	1,005	525	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,520	775	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,465	745	720	1.3	1.2	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	800	395	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	805	420	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,710	805	905	1.5	1.3	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,500	705	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	410	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	220	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	485	205	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	475	205	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,160	59,815	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,825	8,480	8,345	14.4	14.2	14.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,390	8,235	8,155	14.0	13.8	14.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,760	4,350	4,415	7.5	7.3	7.7
Métis	7,480	3,810	3,670	6.4	6.4	6.4
Inuk (Inuit)	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	100,335	51,335	49,005	85.6	85.8	85.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,160	59,815	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,480	3,740	3,740	6.4	6.3	6.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,680	56,070	53,605	93.6	93.7	93.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,230	...	...	72.2	...	...
Renter	11,385	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,000	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,050	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not condominium	41,560	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,795	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,375	...	...	18.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,710	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,525	...	...	39.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,555	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 rooms	7,610	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	6,920	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,925	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,600	...	...	32.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,710	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	905	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,890	...	...	96.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,725	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,860	...	...	6.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,990	...	...	22.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,905	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,590	...	...	17.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,230	...	...	11.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,420	...	...	14.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,775	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,490	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,115	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,690	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,120	...	...	45.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,805	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,895	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,495	...	...	19.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,425	...	...	23.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,055	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,000	...	...	17.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,965	...	...	11.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,195	...	...	4.9	...	...
85 years and over	580	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,515	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,190	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,395	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,895	...	...	26.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,320	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,240	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,220	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	630	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,720	...	...	73.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,235	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	36,680	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.1	...	...	70.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	332,000	...	...	332,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	365,200	...	...	365,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.9	...	...	31.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.2	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,366	...	...	1,366	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	995	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	366	...	...	366	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,155	59,810	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,490	4,265	4,225	7.2	7.1	7.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,220	4,135	4,090	7.0	6.9	7.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,145	3,060	3,085	5.2	5.1	5.4
Métis single ancestry	2,010	1,035	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
Inuit single ancestry	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,975	5,020	4,955	8.5	8.4	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,600	4,820	4,775	8.2	8.1	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,475	2,790	2,685	4.7	4.7	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,995	1,975	2,020	3.4	3.3	3.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,700	50,530	48,165	84.2	84.5	84.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,160	59,810	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,850	56,865	53,990	94.6	95.1	94.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,620	15,830	14,790	26.1	26.5	25.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,235	41,035	39,195	68.5	68.6	68.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,305	2,945	3,360	5.4	4.9	5.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,160	59,810	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,790	53,915	50,870	89.4	90.1	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	11,240	5,330	5,915	9.6	8.9	10.3
Before 1980	1,435	740	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
1980 to 1990	805	390	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
1991 to 2000	1,070	535	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
2001 to 2010	2,000	925	1,070	1.7	1.5	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,930	2,735	3,190	5.1	4.6	5.6
2011 to 2015	2,770	1,235	1,540	2.4	2.1	2.7
2016 to 2021	3,155	1,500	1,650	2.7	2.5	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,130	570	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,245	5,330	5,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,010	535	480	9.0	10.0	8.1
5 to 14 years	2,025	1,055	970	18.0	19.8	16.4
15 to 24 years	2,100	1,035	1,060	18.7	19.4	17.9
25 to 44 years	5,210	2,300	2,915	46.3	43.2	49.3
45 years and over	895	405	490	8.0	7.6	8.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,245	5,330	5,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,860	905	950	16.5	17.0	16.1
Brazil	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Colombia	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
El Salvador	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaica	160	75	85	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mexico	410	180	235	3.6	3.4	4.0
Peru	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United States of America	700	355	340	6.2	6.7	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	410	215	200	3.6	4.0	3.4
Europe	2,210	1,195	1,015	19.7	22.4	17.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	290	170	120	2.6	3.2	2.0
Greece	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Netherlands	155	100	55	1.4	1.9	0.9
Poland	260	125	135	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portugal	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romania	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	80	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	115	60	55	1.0	1.1	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	670	335	335	6.0	6.3	5.7
Other places of birth in Europe	440	260	180	3.9	4.9	3.0
Africa	1,160	635	525	10.3	11.9	8.9
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ethiopia	85	50	35	0.8	0.9	0.6
Morocco	75	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	335	180	150	3.0	3.4	2.5
Somalia	90	45	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	140	75	60	1.2	1.4	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	370	190	180	3.3	3.6	3.0
Asia	5,885	2,525	3,360	52.3	47.4	56.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iraq	50	30	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Turkey	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	245	90	150	2.2	1.7	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	50	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	3,955	1,615	2,345	35.2	30.3	39.6
Viet Nam	45	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
India	885	420	465	7.9	7.9	7.9
Pakistan	100	70	25	0.9	1.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	295	135	160	2.6	2.5	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	70	60	1.2	1.3	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,155	1,505	1,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	390	210	180	12.4	14.0	10.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.5
Haiti	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Jamaica	85	35	50	2.7	2.3	3.0
Mexico	60	25	30	1.9	1.7	1.8
United States of America	95	75	20	3.0	5.0	1.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	20	1.1	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	75	45	30	2.4	3.0	1.8
Europe	180	105	80	5.7	7.0	4.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	10	1.1	1.3	0.6
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	1.0	1.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	100	60	40	3.2	4.0	2.4
Africa	395	220	180	12.5	14.6	10.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	10	10	0.8	0.7	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	1.1	1.0	1.2
Nigeria	175	95	75	5.5	6.3	4.5
Somalia	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	0.9
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15	1.4	2.0	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	20	1.7	2.3	1.2
Asia	2,170	955	1,215	68.8	63.5	73.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	30	1.4	1.0	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
India	340	145	190	10.8	9.6	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,590	700	895	50.4	46.5	54.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	2.1	1.3	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,160	59,810	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,205	6,355	6,850	11.3	10.6	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,840	7,105	6,730	11.8	11.9	11.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	90,115	46,345	43,770	76.9	77.5	76.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,800	4,590	5,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,825	2,820	3,010	59.4	61.4	57.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,520	1,200	1,315	25.7	26.1	25.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,305	1,615	1,690	33.7	35.2	32.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,005	1,190	1,815	30.7	25.9	34.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	865	530	335	8.8	11.5	6.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	50	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,800	4,590	5,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	205	145	3.6	4.5	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,565	990	1,575	26.2	21.6	30.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	330	170	160	3.4	3.7	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	505	310	190	5.2	6.8	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,010	2,880	3,130	61.3	62.7	60.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,160	59,815	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,975	5,610	6,365	10.2	9.4	11.1
South Asian	2,020	1,055	955	1.7	1.8	1.7
Chinese	615	275	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Black	1,885	980	905	1.6	1.6	1.6
Filipino	5,130	2,200	2,930	4.4	3.7	5.1
Arab	425	250	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	630	285	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Southeast Asian	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,190	54,205	50,985	89.8	90.6	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,160	59,810	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,615	9,215	8,395	15.0	15.4	14.6
English	24,395	12,005	12,380	20.8	20.1	21.6
Irish	18,405	8,950	9,450	15.7	15.0	16.5
Scottish	20,315	10,060	10,260	17.3	16.8	17.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,570	6,380	6,190	10.7	10.7	10.8
German	21,835	11,285	10,550	18.6	18.9	18.4
Chinese	800	340	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italian	1,800	915	890	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indian (India)	1,270	625	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
Ukrainian	10,610	5,500	5,110	9.1	9.2	8.9
Dutch	5,065	2,730	2,335	4.3	4.6	4.1
Polish	5,455	2,760	2,695	4.7	4.6	4.7
Québécois	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,565	1,390	1,175	2.2	2.3	2.0
Filipino	4,830	2,080	2,750	4.1	3.5	4.8
French Canadian	1,110	550	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,270	1,735	1,530	2.8	2.9	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,850	2,490	2,365	4.1	4.2	4.1
Métis	6,620	3,320	3,295	5.7	5.6	5.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,370	1,220	1,150	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	3,290	1,555	1,735	2.8	2.6	3.0
Norwegian	8,055	3,985	4,065	6.9	6.7	7.1
Welsh	2,345	1,085	1,255	2.0	1.8	2.2
Portuguese	360	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,945	1,060	885	1.7	1.8	1.5
Spanish	760	355	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	3,245	1,495	1,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Hungarian	1,140	595	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	445	250	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistani	120	100	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	485	275	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	255	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,925	1,450	1,475	2.5	2.4	2.6
Korean	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	635	285	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	515	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	1,320	690	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,485	785	710	1.3	1.3	1.2
Sikh	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	1,000	480	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belgian	580	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	655	305	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	2,995	1,555	1,440	2.6	2.6	2.5
Swiss	750	380	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	550	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	510	215	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	865	455	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	535	230	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	385	210	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syrian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	465	240	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	290	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	135	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	1,340	750	590	1.1	1.3	1.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	830	415	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,160	59,815	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	56,190	27,130	29,060	48.0	45.4	50.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,070	7,400	7,670	12.9	12.4	13.4
Anabaptist	1,820	940	880	1.6	1.6	1.5
Anglican	2,715	1,300	1,420	2.3	2.2	2.5
Baptist	1,250	630	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catholic	21,685	10,505	11,175	18.5	17.6	19.5
Christian Orthodox	555	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	705	330	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	370	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,995	960	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	390	160	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,700	800	900	1.5	1.3	1.6
Presbyterian	655	285	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	3,855	1,700	2,150	3.3	2.8	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,275	1,550	1,720	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hindu	760	410	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	1,120	620	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Sikh	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	955	495	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	995	450	550	0.8	0.8	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	56,285	30,305	25,980	48.0	50.7	45.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,525	58,965	56,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,325	51,395	48,930	86.8	87.2	86.5
Movers	15,200	7,570	7,630	13.2	12.8	13.5
Non-migrants	10,125	5,060	5,070	8.8	8.6	9.0
Migrants	5,070	2,510	2,560	4.4	4.3	4.5
Internal migrants	4,760	2,385	2,375	4.1	4.0	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,560	1,790	1,770	3.1	3.0	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,200	595	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
External migrants	315	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,700	55,505	53,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,200	31,950	30,255	57.2	57.6	56.9
Movers	46,495	23,560	22,935	42.8	42.4	43.1
Non-migrants	19,355	9,925	9,430	17.8	17.9	17.7
Migrants	27,140	13,635	13,505	25.0	24.6	25.4
Internal migrants	24,630	12,400	12,230	22.7	22.3	23.0
Intraprovincial migrants	18,815	9,460	9,355	17.3	17.0	17.6
Interprovincial migrants	5,815	2,935	2,875	5.3	5.3	5.4
External migrants	2,515	1,235	1,280	2.3	2.2	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,345	45,950	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,580	13,100	9,480	25.0	28.5	21.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,770	32,845	34,920	75.0	71.5	78.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,270	32,575	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,465	7,535	4,930	19.4	23.1	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,800	25,035	26,770	80.6	76.9	84.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,345	45,950	44,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,530	10,895	8,635	21.6	23.7	19.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,545	14,725	14,820	32.7	32.0	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,265	20,325	20,940	45.7	44.2	47.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,285	15,900	13,385	32.4	34.6	30.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,235	9,255	1,980	12.4	20.1	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,720	1,690	1,030	3.0	3.7	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,515	7,565	950	9.4	16.5	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,980	5,960	10,020	17.7	13.0	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,075	685	1,385	2.3	1.5	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,980	4,425	7,555	13.3	9.6	17.0
Bachelor's degree	9,415	3,255	6,160	10.4	7.1	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	545	215	335	0.6	0.5	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,560	705	850	1.7	1.5	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,270	32,570	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,260	5,965	4,295	16.0	18.3	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,945	10,105	9,840	31.0	31.0	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,060	16,500	17,565	53.0	50.7	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,680	12,805	10,870	36.8	39.3	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,960	7,415	1,545	13.9	22.8	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,060	1,315	745	3.2	4.0	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,900	6,105	795	10.7	18.7	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,040	4,800	8,245	20.3	14.7	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,670	590	1,085	2.6	1.8	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,385	3,700	6,690	16.2	11.4	21.1
Bachelor's degree	8,230	2,765	5,465	12.8	8.5	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	190	270	0.7	0.6	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	135	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,315	565	750	2.0	1.7	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,345	45,950	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,080	25,625	23,455	54.3	55.8	52.8
Education	3,235	710	2,520	3.6	1.5	5.7
13. Education	3,235	710	2,520	3.6	1.5	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	685	240	450	0.8	0.5	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	610	175	435	0.7	0.4	1.0
Humanities	1,130	525	605	1.3	1.1	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	135	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	275	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
54. History	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,500	535	1,970	2.8	1.2	4.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	75	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	810	35	775	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	380	90	290	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	460	95	365	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	535	225	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,905	1,975	5,925	8.7	4.3	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	60	590	0.7	0.1	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,245	1,905	5,335	8.0	4.1	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	870	365	510	1.0	0.8	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	155	260	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	885	500	385	1.0	1.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	455	270	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,975	11,975	1,000	14.4	26.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	980	780	205	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,935	2,560	370	3.2	5.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,955	2,875	80	3.3	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,160	3,965	195	4.6	8.6	0.4
48. Precision production	1,830	1,720	105	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	950	695	1.8	2.1	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,005	515	485	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	640	430	210	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	6,440	1,070	5,375	7.1	2.3	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	475	200	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,885	830	5,060	6.5	1.8	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,985	1,480	1,505	3.3	3.2	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	295	1,325	1.8	0.6	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	410	280	130	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	940	890	50	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,270	32,570	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,205	16,075	14,135	47.0	49.4	44.6
Education	2,525	500	2,025	3.9	1.5	6.4
13. Education	2,525	500	2,025	3.9	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	595	210	390	0.9	0.6	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	535	155	380	0.8	0.5	1.2
Humanities	880	395	480	1.4	1.2	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	340	195	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
54. History	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,140	455	1,680	3.3	1.4	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	680	25	650	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	320	75	245	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	400	90	315	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	465	185	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
Business, management and public administration	6,640	1,610	5,030	10.3	4.9	15.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	580	50	530	0.9	0.2	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,055	1,555	4,495	9.4	4.8	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	310	415	1.1	1.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	130	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	795	445	350	1.2	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	675	410	265	1.1	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,585	9,715	870	16.5	29.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	875	690	185	1.4	2.1	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,445	2,140	305	3.8	6.6	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,400	2,330	70	3.7	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,270	3,095	175	5.1	9.5	0.6
48. Precision production	1,495	1,395	100	2.3	4.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,265	650	615	2.0	2.0	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	305	430	1.1	0.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	345	185	0.8	1.1	0.6
Health and related fields	5,395	925	4,475	8.4	2.8	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	165	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,930	730	4,200	7.7	2.2	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,510	1,285	1,225	3.9	3.9	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,310	235	1,075	2.0	0.7	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	250	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	825	790	30	1.3	2.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,270	32,570	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,205	16,075	14,135	47.0	49.4	44.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,065	16,505	17,560	53.0	50.7	55.4
Location of study inside Canada	29,480	14,585	14,900	45.9	44.8	47.0
Same as province or territory of residence	21,285	10,685	10,600	33.1	32.8	33.4
Different than province or territory of residence	8,195	3,895	4,300	12.8	12.0	13.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,585	1,915	2,665	7.1	5.9	8.4
Americas	760	360	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
United States of America	470	230	245	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mexico	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	530	240	290	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	405	225	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,775	1,025	1,750	4.3	3.1	5.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,015	730	1,285	3.1	2.2	4.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	500	210	290	0.8	0.6	0.9
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,345	45,945	44,400	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,330	35,430	29,905	...	...	...
Employed	57,955	31,430	26,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,375	4,000	3,375	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,015	10,515	14,495	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.3	77.1	67.4	72.3	77.1	67.4
Employment rate	64.1	68.4	59.7	64.1	68.4	59.7
Unemployment rate	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,345	45,950	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,825	10,980	14,835	28.6	23.9	33.4
Worked	64,525	34,970	29,560	71.4	76.1	66.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,400	19,075	13,330	35.9	41.5	30.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,120	15,890	16,230	35.6	34.6	36.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.1	39.5	40.4	41.1	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,330	35,430	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	680	780	2.2	1.9	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,875	34,750	29,120	97.8	98.1	97.4
Employee	53,305	28,115	25,190	81.6	79.4	84.2
Permanent position	44,700	24,170	20,525	68.4	68.2	68.6
Temporary position	8,610	3,945	4,665	13.2	11.1	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,385	950	1,435	3.7	2.7	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,225	2,990	3,230	9.5	8.4	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,570	6,635	3,930	16.2	18.7	13.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,330	35,430	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	680	780	2.2	1.9	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,875	34,750	29,120	97.8	98.1	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	505	290	220	0.8	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,190	1,840	7,350	14.1	5.2	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,125	2,480	645	4.8	7.0	2.2
3 Health occupations	4,115	585	3,525	6.3	1.7	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,845	1,500	4,350	8.9	4.2	14.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	930	250	680	1.4	0.7	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,315	5,965	9,345	23.4	16.8	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,685	14,200	1,490	24.0	40.1	5.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,925	4,825	1,105	9.1	13.6	3.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,245	2,830	415	5.0	8.0	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,330	35,430	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	680	780	2.2	1.9	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	63,875	34,750	29,120	97.8	98.1	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,410	2,315	1,095	5.2	6.5	3.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	6,840	5,850	985	10.5	16.5	3.3
22 Utilities	605	470	130	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	6,455	5,265	1,190	9.9	14.9	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,130	2,405	725	4.8	6.8	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,050	1,495	555	3.1	4.2	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,760	3,310	4,450	11.9	9.3	14.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,680	2,775	905	5.6	7.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	465	255	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,170	290	875	1.8	0.8	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,140	650	495	1.7	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,165	1,550	1,615	4.8	4.4	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,175	1,060	1,120	3.3	3.0	3.7
61 Educational services	3,785	785	2,995	5.8	2.2	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,845	885	5,960	10.5	2.5	19.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	830	355	475	1.3	1.0	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,730	1,485	2,240	5.7	4.2	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,735	2,150	1,585	5.7	6.1	5.3
91 Public administration	2,855	1,360	1,495	4.4	3.8	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,905	37,575	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,405	36,930	31,475	97.9	98.3	97.4
French	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	245	130	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	125	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	515	180	340	0.7	0.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	640	315	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,905	37,575	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,705	37,465	32,240	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	69,315	37,250	32,065	99.2	99.1	99.2
English	69,165	37,235	31,930	98.9	99.1	98.8
French	155	20	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	390	215	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	360	195	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,905	37,575	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,905	37,175	31,730	98.6	98.9	98.1
English	235	95	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	380	155	225	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	350	135	215	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	265	95	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,950	31,430	26,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,715	3,460	4,250	13.3	11.0	16.0
Worked outside Canada	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	11,565	9,075	2,490	20.0	28.9	9.4
Usual place of work	38,635	18,865	19,770	66.7	60.0	74.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,635	18,860	19,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,415	10,995	13,420	63.2	58.3	67.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,060	6,665	5,400	31.2	35.3	27.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,765	985	775	4.6	5.2	3.9
Commute to a different province or territory	390	215	175	1.0	1.1	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,205	27,940	22,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,255	26,535	20,725	94.1	95.0	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,340	25,345	18,990	88.3	90.7	85.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,920	1,195	1,730	5.8	4.3	7.8
Public transit	485	190	295	1.0	0.7	1.3
Walked	1,450	705	740	2.9	2.5	3.3
Bicycle	245	165	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other method	765	345	420	1.5	1.2	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,205	27,940	22,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,520	10,410	12,105	44.9	37.3	54.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,495	10,140	7,360	34.8	36.3	33.1
30 to 44 minutes	5,130	3,240	1,890	10.2	11.6	8.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,605	1,180	425	3.2	4.2	1.9
60 minutes and over	3,450	2,970	485	6.9	10.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,205	27,940	22,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,775	3,080	690	7.5	11.0	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,335	6,795	2,535	18.6	24.3	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,110	8,455	6,655	30.1	30.3	29.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,375	4,350	6,020	20.7	15.6	27.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,995	1,775	3,215	9.9	6.4	14.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,610	3,475	3,135	13.2	12.4	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,970	16,395	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,565	1,315	1,250	8.0	8.0	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,405	15,075	14,325	92.0	91.9	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,960	11,800	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,915	975	945	8.3	8.3	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,115	535	575	4.9	4.5	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	805	435	370	3.5	3.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,045	10,825	10,220	91.7	91.7	91.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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