Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LethbridgeMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,847	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,394	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,735	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,647	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	41.9	...	...	41.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,958.96	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,845	61,320	62,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,540	12,095	11,445	19.0	19.7	18.3
0 to 4 years	7,455	3,770	3,675	6.0	6.1	5.9
5 to 9 years	8,000	4,075	3,925	6.5	6.6	6.3
10 to 14 years	8,085	4,245	3,840	6.5	6.9	6.1
15 to 64 years	78,945	39,515	39,430	63.7	64.4	63.1
15 to 19 years	7,380	3,695	3,685	6.0	6.0	5.9
20 to 24 years	9,255	4,600	4,650	7.5	7.5	7.4
25 to 29 years	8,915	4,610	4,295	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	8,830	4,430	4,410	7.1	7.2	7.1
35 to 39 years	8,550	4,310	4,240	6.9	7.0	6.8
40 to 44 years	7,725	3,860	3,865	6.2	6.3	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,925	3,520	3,405	5.6	5.7	5.4
50 to 54 years	6,550	3,225	3,320	5.3	5.3	5.3
55 to 59 years	7,245	3,605	3,645	5.9	5.9	5.8
60 to 64 years	7,560	3,655	3,910	6.1	6.0	6.3
65 years and over	21,360	9,710	11,660	17.2	15.8	18.6
65 to 69 years	6,670	3,175	3,500	5.4	5.2	5.6
70 to 74 years	5,480	2,550	2,935	4.4	4.2	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,810	1,765	2,040	3.1	2.9	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,595	1,130	1,470	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	2,810	1,085	1,720	2.3	1.8	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,655	695	960	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	875	320	560	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	235	70	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.7	18.3	19.0	19.7	18.3
15 to 64 years	63.7	64.4	63.1	63.7	64.4	63.1
65 years and over	17.2	15.8	18.6	17.2	15.8	18.6
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.8	2.3	1.8	2.8
Average age of the population	39.3	38.4	40.2	39.3	38.4	40.2
Median age of the population	37.2	36.4	38.4	37.2	36.4	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,300	...	...	66.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,750	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	2,720	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,105	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,630	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	825	...	...	1.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,115	...	...	27.0	...	...
2 persons	17,725	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	7,025	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	6,280	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	4,510	...	...	9.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,500	59,825	60,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,305	49,220	51,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,800	28,815	28,985	57.6	58.5	56.7
Married	48,345	24,125	24,215	48.2	49.0	47.4
Living common-law	9,455	4,685	4,770	9.4	9.5	9.3
Living common law - Never married	7,045	3,515	3,525	7.0	7.1	6.9
Living common law - Separated	285	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,910	920	990	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	215	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	42,505	20,405	22,100	42.4	41.5	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,365	15,555	12,810	28.3	31.6	25.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,160	965	1,190	2.2	2.0	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,965	2,830	4,135	6.9	5.7	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,020	1,060	3,960	5.0	2.2	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,470	...	...	52.8	...	...
3 persons	6,245	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	5,720	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,645	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,095	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	23,365	...	...	70.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,930	...	...	36.1	...	...
Without children	11,440	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	4,725	...	...	14.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,625	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	3,100	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,980	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,820	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,160	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,495	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,110	48,155	48,950	80.6	80.5	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,190	28,030	28,160	46.6	46.8	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,985	1,165	3,820	4.1	1.9	6.3
Children⁶	35,935	18,965	16,970	29.8	31.7	28.0
In a two-parent family	28,020	14,640	13,380	23.3	24.5	22.1
In a one-parent family	7,910	4,330	3,585	6.6	7.2	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,390	11,670	11,720	19.4	19.5	19.3
Living alone	13,115	6,035	7,080	10.9	10.1	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,845	1,340	1,505	2.4	2.2	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	7,430	4,300	3,135	6.2	7.2	5.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,490	...	...	60.6	...	...
Couple-family households	25,675	...	...	52.8	...	...
With children⁶	12,460	...	...	25.6	...	...
Without children	13,215	...	...	27.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,815	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	900	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,750	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,160	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	13,110	...	...	27.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,260	47,875	49,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,365	45,975	47,390	96.0	96.0	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,400	42,000	49,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,460	46,015	47,440	96.1	96.1	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,345	42,480	41,860	86.7	88.7	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	28,400	36,800	45,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,975	35,775	33,195	70.9	74.7	67.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,800	30,200	38,000	46,800	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,500	39,760	42,740	84.8	83.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	5,880	10,300	8,500	5,880	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,785	4,305	4,480	9.0	9.0	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,300	11,105	13,195	25.0	23.2	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,260	47,880	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,345	45,870	47,480	96.0	95.8	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	61,050	44,120	52,450	61,050	44,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,425	45,905	47,525	96.1	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	50,840	38,800	44,720	50,840	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,560	42,475	42,085	86.9	88.7	85.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	57,450	37,800	47,680	57,450	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,965	35,625	33,340	70.9	74.4	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,450	38,000	47,520	56,450	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,495	39,655	42,840	84.8	82.8	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,100	11,760	10,480	9,100	11,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,800	4,300	4,495	9.0	9.0	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,420	7,400	6,920	6,420	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,065	10,945	13,115	24.7	22.9	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420	8,170	8,640	8,420	8,170	8,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,260	47,875	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,520	19,145	13,375	33.4	40.0	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,000	56,000	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200	76,500	61,100	70,200	76,500	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,085	12,675	15,405	28.9	26.5	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	23,400	17,400	19,600	23,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	35,800	24,040	29,360	35,800	24,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	87.2	76.0	82.4	87.2	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	71.8	60.5	67.0	71.8	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	12.9	24.0	17.7	12.9	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.6	6.4	4.8	3.6	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.2	5.4	4.1	3.2	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,265	47,875	49,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,895	1,900	1,995	4.0	4.0	4.0
With total income	93,370	45,970	47,395	96.0	96.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,835	2,840	4,000	7.3	6.2	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,465	3,460	6,005	10.1	7.5	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,985	6,895	9,090	17.1	15.0	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,280	5,250	7,030	13.2	11.4	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,605	4,885	5,725	11.4	10.6	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,820	4,465	4,355	9.4	9.7	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,180	3,955	3,225	7.7	8.6	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,665	3,385	2,285	6.1	7.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,545	1,540	4.4	5.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	2,015	1,285	3.5	4.4	2.7
$100,000 and over	9,150	6,285	2,860	9.8	13.7	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	6,650	4,385	2,265	7.1	9.5	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,495	1,900	600	2.7	4.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,265	47,875	49,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,805	1,855	1,945	3.9	3.9	3.9
With after-tax income	93,460	46,015	47,445	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,220	2,970	4,250	7.7	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,825	3,600	6,225	10.5	7.8	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	17,880	7,780	10,105	19.1	16.9	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,435	6,355	8,075	15.4	13.8	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,305	6,070	6,235	13.2	13.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,715	5,285	4,435	10.4	11.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,190	4,210	2,980	7.7	9.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,735	2,955	1,775	5.1	6.4	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565	2,135	1,430	3.8	4.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	1,370	735	2.3	3.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,485	3,290	1,195	4.8	7.1	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,470	1,765	700	2.6	3.8	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,015	1,520	495	2.2	3.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,265	47,875	49,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,285	12,095	16,195	29.1	25.3	32.8
With employment income	68,975	35,780	33,200	70.9	74.7	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,175	3,705	4,475	11.9	10.4	13.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,365	2,200	3,170	7.8	6.1	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,555	3,700	4,860	12.4	10.3	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,000	3,025	3,975	10.1	8.5	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,520	3,005	3,510	9.5	8.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,455	3,280	3,175	9.4	9.2	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,705	3,055	2,650	8.3	8.5	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,915	2,875	2,040	7.1	8.0	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025	2,555	1,470	5.8	7.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995	1,940	1,065	4.3	5.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	1,570	960	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,735	4,875	1,860	9.8	13.6	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,785	2,505	1,285	5.5	7.0	3.9
$125,000 and over	2,945	2,370	570	4.3	6.6	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,260	47,875	49,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,640	45,070	46,575	94.2	94.1	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	34,000	40,800	49,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,680	45,070	46,610	94.3	94.1	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	31,800	36,800	43,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,475	42,015	41,455	85.8	87.8	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	30,600	38,400	47,600	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,345	35,850	33,495	71.3	74.9	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,400	32,400	39,600	48,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,750	38,605	41,140	82.0	80.6	83.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360	1,050	5,560	2,360	1,050	5,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,275	3,170	3,105	6.5	6.6	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,120	6,750	5,840	5,120	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,260	47,880	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,760	45,090	46,675	94.3	94.2	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	60,800	42,400	51,450	60,800	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,795	45,090	46,710	94.4	94.2	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	50,400	37,120	43,640	50,400	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,780	42,090	41,690	86.1	87.9	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	59,350	39,080	49,240	59,350	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,425	35,805	33,625	71.4	74.8	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	56,500	39,240	48,120	56,500	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,100	38,755	41,345	82.4	80.9	83.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,420	6,280	8,490	7,420	6,280	8,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,465	3,360	3,110	6.6	7.0	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,460	6,390	8,610	7,460	6,390	8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,260	47,875	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,315	19,000	13,315	33.2	39.7	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,000	53,200	60,400	66,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	72,700	58,700	66,900	72,700	58,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,685	12,055	14,630	27.4	25.2	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,800	22,600	24,800	29,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,840	42,360	28,640	34,840	42,360	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	91.2	82.2	87.4	91.2	82.2
Employment income (%)	70.8	73.8	66.6	70.8	73.8	66.6
Government transfers (%)	12.6	8.9	17.7	12.6	8.9	17.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,960	...	...	49,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,670	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,940	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,455	...	...	40.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,260	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,440	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,035	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,720	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	575	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,125	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,700	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,910	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,240	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,330	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,270	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,710	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,355	...	...	31.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,190	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,915	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,245	...	...	10.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,545	10,330	10,215	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,200	35,200	37,200	39,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	33,200	34,400	35,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...	93,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400	...	...	143,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...	121,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300	...	...	69,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,505	10,225	10,280	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,120	48,320	43,880	46,120	48,320	43,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	41,240	38,880	40,040	41,240	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,500	59,825	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,585	14,145	13,430	22.9	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	8,930	4,515	4,415	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	73,375	36,540	36,835	60.9	61.1	60.7
65 years and over	19,545	9,140	10,405	16.2	15.3	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,595	5,400	6,195	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,150	1,630	1,515	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,145	600	540	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,480	3,040	3,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,970	730	1,245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.2	9.6	9.0	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	13.4	12.2	12.8	13.4	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.3	9.3	8.8	8.3	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.1	8.0	11.9	10.1	8.0	11.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,580	14,150	13,435	22.9	23.7	22.1
0 to 5 years	8,930	4,510	4,415	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	73,375	36,540	36,830	60.9	61.1	60.7
65 years and over	19,540	9,135	10,405	16.2	15.3	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,420	2,245	2,175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	885	455	430	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	155	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,270	1,665	1,605	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	120	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,500	59,825	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,840	31,065	32,775	53.0	51.9	54.0
In bottom decile	10,900	5,380	5,525	9.0	9.0	9.1
In second decile	13,615	6,320	7,300	11.3	10.6	12.0
In third decile	13,450	6,550	6,905	11.2	10.9	11.4
In fourth decile	13,080	6,455	6,625	10.9	10.8	10.9
In fifth decile	12,795	6,365	6,425	10.6	10.6	10.6
In top half of the distribution	56,660	28,765	27,895	47.0	48.1	46.0
In sixth decile	12,120	6,060	6,060	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	12,085	6,110	5,970	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	11,830	6,025	5,815	9.8	10.1	9.6
In ninth decile	11,280	5,810	5,470	9.4	9.7	9.0
In top decile	9,345	4,760	4,580	7.8	8.0	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.415	...	...	0.415	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	122,165	60,480	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	115,410	57,350	58,060	94.5	94.8	94.1
French only	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,545	2,570	2,975	4.5	4.2	4.8
Neither English nor French	1,160	530	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	122,165	60,480	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	119,890	59,380	60,510	98.1	98.2	98.1
French	905	470	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,130	515	615	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	122,165	60,480	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,465	59,180	60,280	97.8	97.9	97.7
Official languages	101,985	50,580	51,405	83.5	83.6	83.3
English	101,060	50,100	50,955	82.7	82.8	82.6
French	925	480	450	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-official languages	17,480	8,600	8,875	14.3	14.2	14.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	305	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,160	8,455	8,700	14.0	14.0	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,020	540	485	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	920	480	445	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	695	350	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,675	755	920	1.4	1.2	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,385	620	765	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,865	5,920	5,945	9.7	9.8	9.6
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,140	505	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,125	495	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	285	110	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,865	2,940	2,925	4.8	4.9	4.7
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,160	1,570	1,595	2.6	2.6	2.6
German	3,140	1,560	1,585	2.6	2.6	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,605	1,320	1,285	2.1	2.2	2.1
Afrikaans	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,595	810	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Low German, n.o.s.	275	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	585	295	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,405	1,220	1,185	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,095	1,065	1,030	1.7	1.8	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	995	495	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,355	1,200	1,155	1.9	2.0	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,945	990	955	1.6	1.6	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	425	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	795	380	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	755	355	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	390	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,695	1,295	1,400	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,105	1,025	1,075	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	122,165	60,480	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,670	51,875	52,795	85.7	85.8	85.6
French	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,025	2,530	2,500	4.1	4.2	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,980	2,500	2,475	4.1	4.1	4.0
English and French	810	375	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	10,925	5,330	5,595	8.9	8.8	9.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	122,165	60,480	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,615	59,215	60,405	97.9	97.9	97.9
Official languages	110,700	54,745	55,960	90.6	90.5	90.7
English	110,425	54,605	55,815	90.4	90.3	90.5
French	275	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	8,920	4,475	4,445	7.3	7.4	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830	4,430	4,400	7.2	7.3	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	340	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	605	310	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	470	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,120	560	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	945	465	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,685	2,870	2,820	4.7	4.7	4.6
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,215	1,100	1,110	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,505	735	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	1,500	735	765	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	700	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,720	865	850	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,535	780	760	1.3	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	790	395	400	0.6	0.7	0.6
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,365	710	655	1.1	1.2	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,240	655	590	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	435	210	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,540	1,270	1,275	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,355	1,180	1,170	1.9	2.0	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	122,160	60,485	61,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	112,135	55,615	56,525	91.8	91.9	91.6
English	3,365	1,670	1,695	2.8	2.8	2.7
French	690	325	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	5,050	2,385	2,665	4.1	3.9	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	4,690	2,230	2,460	3.8	3.7	4.0
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	220	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,525	59,415	60,110	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	119,470	59,375	60,090	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	5,565	2,595	2,970	4.6	4.3	4.9
Non-official languages	22,785	11,240	11,545	18.9	18.8	19.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	890	385	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Algonquian languages	865	370	495	0.7	0.6	0.8
Blackfoot	810	340	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Cree-Innu languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,930	10,870	11,060	18.2	18.2	18.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,375	735	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	170	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	90	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,245	660	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Amharic	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	945	500	450	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,275	1,020	1,255	1.9	1.7	2.1
Bikol	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,045	920	1,130	1.7	1.5	1.9
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,645	7,345	7,300	12.2	12.3	12.0
Albanian	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,360	670	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,360	670	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	430	240	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,415	3,295	3,120	5.3	5.5	5.1
Frisian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,040	1,630	1,415	2.5	2.7	2.3
German	3,025	1,625	1,400	2.5	2.7	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,365	1,680	1,685	2.8	2.8	2.8
Afrikaans	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	2,020	1,035	990	1.7	1.7	1.6
Low German, n.o.s.	420	210	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	685	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,440	1,380	2.3	2.4	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,485	1,260	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	390	205	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	855	420	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	955	500	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	220	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	305	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,370	2,215	2,160	3.6	3.7	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	180	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	3,805	1,895	1,910	3.2	3.2	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	565	285	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	970	485	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	265	100	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dinka	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	180	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	485	550	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	985	455	530	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	515	235	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	355	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	310	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,240	3,520	3,720	6.0	5.9	6.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,000	3,400	3,590	5.8	5.7	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,500	2,165	2,335	3.7	3.6	3.8
Métis	2,455	1,225	1,235	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	113,260	56,310	56,950	94.0	94.1	93.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,045	1,945	2,095	3.4	3.3	3.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,455	57,880	58,575	96.6	96.7	96.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,250	...	...	70.4	...	...
Renter	14,400	...	...	29.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,850	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not condominium	43,800	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,420	...	...	7.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,470	...	...	21.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,185	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,325	...	...	39.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,835	...	...	20.2	...	...
5 rooms	7,025	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,935	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,900	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,945	...	...	36.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,025	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,215	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,435	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,575	...	...	17.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,130	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,945	...	...	10.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,915	...	...	12.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,835	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,505	...	...	9.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,870	...	...	8.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,870	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,230	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,415	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,755	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,265	...	...	45.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,625	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,815	...	...	5.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,265	...	...	17.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,710	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,590	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,690	...	...	17.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,235	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,015	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,325	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,560	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,425	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,670	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,385	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,625	...	...	17.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,175	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,725	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	600	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,265	...	...	74.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,235	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	42,995	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.6	...	...	61.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.1	...	...	13.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	346,800	...	...	346,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,330	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,173	...	...	1,173	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,500	59,825	60,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,855	1,865	1,995	3.2	3.1	3.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,840	1,855	1,980	3.2	3.1	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,405	1,625	1,775	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis single ancestry	425	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,185	2,100	2,090	3.5	3.5	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,035	2,010	2,020	3.3	3.4	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,440	1,200	1,245	2.0	2.0	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,570	805	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,455	55,865	56,585	93.3	93.4	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,495	59,825	60,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,645	56,005	56,640	93.5	93.6	93.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,480	13,610	12,870	22.0	22.7	21.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,165	42,395	43,765	71.5	70.9	72.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,855	3,820	4,035	6.5	6.4	6.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,495	59,825	60,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,375	50,375	51,005	84.1	84.2	84.1
Immigrants⁸¹	17,380	8,545	8,840	14.4	14.3	14.6
Before 1980	4,070	1,965	2,105	3.4	3.3	3.5
1980 to 1990	1,435	745	690	1.2	1.2	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,555	695	855	1.3	1.2	1.4
2001 to 2010	3,645	1,840	1,800	3.0	3.1	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,680	3,300	3,385	5.5	5.5	5.6
2011 to 2015	3,040	1,555	1,490	2.5	2.6	2.5
2016 to 2021	3,640	1,750	1,895	3.0	2.9	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,735	905	830	1.4	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,385	8,545	8,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,790	865	930	10.3	10.1	10.5
5 to 14 years	3,935	2,050	1,885	22.6	24.0	21.3
15 to 24 years	3,500	1,720	1,780	20.1	20.1	20.1
25 to 44 years	6,950	3,315	3,630	40.0	38.8	41.1
45 years and over	1,205	595	610	6.9	7.0	6.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,385	8,545	8,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,095	1,985	2,115	23.6	23.2	23.9
Brazil	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	215	100	115	1.2	1.2	1.3
El Salvador	575	290	280	3.3	3.4	3.2
Guyana	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	165	90	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
Mexico	1,270	705	570	7.3	8.3	6.5
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	1,190	485	700	6.8	5.7	7.9
Other places of birth in Americas	580	245	335	3.3	2.9	3.8
Europe	5,575	2,780	2,800	32.1	32.5	31.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germany	625	310	315	3.6	3.6	3.6
Greece	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	105	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italy	95	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.7
Netherlands	1,405	725	680	8.1	8.5	7.7
Poland	290	135	155	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portugal	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	120	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	135	70	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,800	900	900	10.4	10.5	10.2
Other places of birth in Europe	580	285	295	3.3	3.3	3.3
Africa	1,920	1,015	910	11.0	11.9	10.3
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Egypt	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	90	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ethiopia	190	120	75	1.1	1.4	0.8
Morocco	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	265	135	125	1.5	1.6	1.4
Somalia	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	255	120	130	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	975	510	465	5.6	6.0	5.3
Asia	5,610	2,665	2,945	32.3	31.2	33.3
Afghanistan	95	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	305	160	140	1.8	1.9	1.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	430	185	240	2.5	2.2	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Taiwan	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,860	815	1,050	10.7	9.5	11.9
Viet Nam	220	100	125	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	80	35	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	625	325	305	3.6	3.8	3.5
Pakistan	185	95	90	1.1	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	90	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,400	685	720	8.1	8.0	8.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	185	105	75	1.1	1.2	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,645	1,745	1,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	885	425	460	24.3	24.4	24.3
Brazil	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	45	50	2.6	2.6	2.6
Mexico	340	175	160	9.3	10.0	8.4
United States of America	175	80	100	4.8	4.6	5.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	235	115	120	6.4	6.6	6.3
Europe	390	215	170	10.7	12.3	9.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	35	20	15	1.0	1.1	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	105	45	4.1	6.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	135	60	70	3.7	3.4	3.7
Africa	700	345	360	19.2	19.8	19.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ethiopia	80	55	30	2.2	3.2	1.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	155	75	80	4.3	4.3	4.2
Somalia	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	40	15	25	1.1	0.9	1.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	135	140	7.4	7.7	7.4
Asia	1,635	735	895	44.9	42.1	47.2
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
China⁹⁰	40	10	35	1.1	0.6	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	110	100	5.8	6.3	5.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.8
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Nepal	85	45	40	2.3	2.6	2.1
Pakistan	75	30	50	2.1	1.7	2.6
Philippines	760	330	430	20.9	18.9	22.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	245	120	125	6.7	6.9	6.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	2.2	2.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	35	20	10	1.0	1.1	0.5
Australia	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,650	10,240	10,410	17.1	17.1	17.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,045	11,265	11,780	19.1	18.8	19.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,805	38,325	38,480	63.7	64.1	63.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,315	6,580	6,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,655	3,410	3,245	50.0	51.8	48.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,465	1,665	795	18.5	25.3	11.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,195	1,745	2,450	31.5	26.5	36.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,435	1,480	1,955	25.8	22.5	29.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,110	1,655	1,455	23.4	25.2	21.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	35	80	0.8	0.5	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,315	6,580	6,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	315	145	170	2.4	2.2	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,490	1,380	1,115	18.7	21.0	16.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	325	300	4.7	4.9	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	770	415	355	5.8	6.3	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	15	95	0.8	0.2	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,005	4,305	4,700	67.6	65.4	69.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,790	8,415	8,380	13.9	14.1	13.8
South Asian	3,075	1,645	1,430	2.6	2.7	2.4
Chinese	1,515	705	805	1.3	1.2	1.3
Black	3,220	1,695	1,520	2.7	2.8	2.5
Filipino	2,400	1,090	1,305	2.0	1.8	2.2
Arab	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	2,390	1,160	1,235	2.0	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	820	365	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Asian	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	1,680	895	785	1.4	1.5	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	490	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	103,710	51,415	52,290	86.1	85.9	86.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,500	59,825	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,805	8,450	8,350	13.9	14.1	13.8
English	26,565	12,725	13,840	22.0	21.3	22.8
Irish	15,545	7,285	8,255	12.9	12.2	13.6
Scottish	19,850	9,535	10,315	16.5	15.9	17.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,460	4,145	4,315	7.0	6.9	7.1
German	23,925	11,800	12,130	19.9	19.7	20.0
Chinese	1,610	795	815	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italian	3,810	1,925	1,880	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	1,165	585	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ukrainian	7,845	3,650	4,195	6.5	6.1	6.9
Dutch	13,030	6,580	6,450	10.8	11.0	10.6
Polish	4,315	2,050	2,265	3.6	3.4	3.7
Québécois	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,795	1,855	1,940	3.1	3.1	3.2
Filipino	2,415	1,130	1,290	2.0	1.9	2.1
French Canadian	615	280	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,255	1,085	1,165	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,160	1,075	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis	2,145	1,105	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,570	1,315	1,260	2.1	2.2	2.1
Russian	3,620	1,680	1,935	3.0	2.8	3.2
Norwegian	5,545	2,585	2,960	4.6	4.3	4.9
Welsh	2,590	1,245	1,345	2.1	2.1	2.2
Portuguese	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,900	1,395	1,505	2.4	2.3	2.5
Spanish	830	370	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	3,060	1,445	1,615	2.5	2.4	2.7
Hungarian	3,710	1,755	1,965	3.1	2.9	3.2
Acadian	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	480	200	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	200	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	370	200	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	285	160	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	375	145	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	920	440	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Korean	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	925	400	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Lebanese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	555	305	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	2,705	1,295	1,410	2.2	2.2	2.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	680	345	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	970	495	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgian	740	360	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	305	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	1,785	940	845	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mennonite	1,650	825	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Swiss	890	430	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	650	320	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	510	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,995	1,040	950	1.7	1.7	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,040	530	510	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605	260	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	825	360	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombian	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,100	580	520	0.9	1.0	0.9
Syrian	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	265	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	655	295	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	395	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
South African	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	310	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	270	165	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	180	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	640	250	390	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bulgarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	825	435	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ghanaian	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	215	135	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	520	265	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,285	640	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,500	59,830	60,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,085	525	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Christian	64,385	30,450	33,940	53.4	50.9	55.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,460	8,165	8,290	13.7	13.6	13.7
Anabaptist	1,300	680	620	1.1	1.1	1.0
Anglican	2,810	1,250	1,555	2.3	2.1	2.6
Baptist	1,265	580	685	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catholic	18,490	8,690	9,800	15.3	14.5	16.2
Christian Orthodox	615	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	540	245	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	6,500	3,005	3,495	5.4	5.0	5.8
Lutheran	2,510	1,195	1,320	2.1	2.0	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,150	525	635	1.0	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	660	300	365	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	2,875	1,485	1,390	2.4	2.5	2.3
United Church	5,265	2,190	3,075	4.4	3.7	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,790	1,760	2,030	3.1	2.9	3.3
Hindu	1,265	670	590	1.0	1.1	1.0
Jewish	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,820	960	865	1.5	1.6	1.4
Sikh	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	410	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	810	335	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	50,250	26,455	23,795	41.7	44.2	39.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,965	59,090	59,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,715	50,045	50,670	84.7	84.7	84.6
Movers	18,250	9,045	9,200	15.3	15.3	15.4
Non-migrants	11,760	5,895	5,870	9.9	10.0	9.8
Migrants	6,490	3,155	3,330	5.5	5.3	5.6
Internal migrants	5,945	2,890	3,060	5.0	4.9	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,615	2,195	2,420	3.9	3.7	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,330	695	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	540	265	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,155	55,995	57,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,030	31,640	32,390	56.6	56.5	56.7
Movers	49,125	24,355	24,765	43.4	43.5	43.3
Non-migrants	23,475	11,850	11,625	20.7	21.2	20.3
Migrants	25,650	12,500	13,145	22.7	22.3	23.0
Internal migrants	22,025	10,855	11,170	19.5	19.4	19.5
Intraprovincial migrants	17,335	8,540	8,795	15.3	15.3	15.4
Interprovincial migrants	4,695	2,320	2,375	4.1	4.1	4.2
External migrants	3,625	1,645	1,975	3.2	2.9	3.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,260	47,875	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,140	9,805	8,335	18.7	20.5	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,120	38,075	41,045	81.3	79.5	83.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335	30,525	30,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,095	4,570	3,530	13.2	15.0	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,235	25,950	27,285	86.8	85.0	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,260	47,880	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,915	8,480	7,430	16.4	17.7	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,820	15,440	15,380	31.7	32.2	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,530	23,960	26,570	52.0	50.0	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,540	15,205	15,335	31.4	31.8	31.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,350	6,405	1,935	8.6	13.4	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460	1,325	1,135	2.5	2.8	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,885	5,085	800	6.1	10.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,360	8,055	12,305	20.9	16.8	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,830	740	1,095	1.9	1.5	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,990	8,755	11,235	20.6	18.3	22.7
Bachelor's degree	13,995	5,675	8,315	14.4	11.9	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	400	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	405	180	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	3,495	1,565	1,925	3.6	3.3	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,075	700	370	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335	30,520	30,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,850	3,890	2,955	11.2	12.7	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,530	9,325	8,210	28.6	30.6	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,955	17,305	19,645	60.3	56.7	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,420	10,735	10,680	34.9	35.2	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,775	4,490	1,285	9.4	14.7	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,575	900	675	2.6	2.9	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,200	3,595	605	6.8	11.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,390	5,705	8,690	23.5	18.7	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,250	540	710	2.0	1.8	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,530	6,565	8,970	25.3	21.5	29.1
Bachelor's degree	11,025	4,395	6,625	18.0	14.4	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	605	285	320	1.0	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	470	305	160	0.8	1.0	0.5
Master's degree	2,665	1,120	1,545	4.3	3.7	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	775	465	305	1.3	1.5	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,265	47,875	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,725	23,915	22,810	48.0	50.0	46.2
Education	4,080	1,135	2,950	4.2	2.4	6.0
13. Education	4,080	1,135	2,950	4.2	2.4	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,680	755	925	1.7	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	115	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,565	640	925	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,160	990	1,170	2.2	2.1	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	400	145	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	305	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	200	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	325	170	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,795	1,640	3,155	4.9	3.4	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540	255	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170	105	1,070	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	565	200	370	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,040	315	730	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,325	710	615	1.4	1.5	1.2
Business, management and public administration	9,100	3,370	5,730	9.4	7.0	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	165	570	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,345	3,200	5,150	8.6	6.7	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955	970	985	2.0	2.0	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	485	565	1.1	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	340	240	95	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,275	850	420	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960	680	275	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,715	9,110	610	10.0	19.0	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	835	730	110	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,160	1,900	255	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,700	2,655	50	2.8	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,590	2,520	70	2.7	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,255	1,190	70	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,265	1,565	705	2.3	3.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,725	1,250	475	1.8	2.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	545	310	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	10,080	1,915	8,165	10.4	4.0	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715	340	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,230	1,480	7,750	9.5	3.1	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,415	1,670	1,745	3.5	3.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980	555	1,425	2.0	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,030	720	305	1.1	1.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	370	10	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,335	30,525	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,380	13,215	11,165	39.7	43.3	36.2
Education	2,755	710	2,045	4.5	2.3	6.6
13. Education	2,755	710	2,045	4.5	2.3	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190	510	685	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,140	460	685	1.9	1.5	2.2
Humanities	1,485	695	795	2.4	2.3	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	195	265	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	240	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,670	1,130	2,540	6.0	3.7	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	435	190	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	70	855	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	430	130	300	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	790	215	575	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	975	490	485	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,805	2,565	4,240	11.1	8.4	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	95	455	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,245	2,465	3,785	10.2	8.1	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490	725	765	2.4	2.4	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	845	385	455	1.4	1.3	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	125	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	170	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	975	670	305	1.6	2.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785	560	225	1.3	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,935	6,390	550	11.3	20.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	625	525	95	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,610	1,365	245	2.6	4.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,910	1,870	35	3.1	6.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,825	1,760	60	3.0	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	840	795	50	1.4	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,710	1,115	590	2.8	3.7	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	875	395	2.1	2.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	245	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Health and related fields	7,400	1,555	5,850	12.1	5.1	19.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	285	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,735	1,210	5,530	11.0	4.0	17.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505	1,235	1,275	4.1	4.0	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,435	405	1,030	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	775	550	230	1.3	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	280	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,335	30,525	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,380	13,215	11,165	39.7	43.3	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,950	17,305	19,650	60.2	56.7	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	31,890	14,935	16,960	52.0	48.9	55.0
Same as province or territory of residence	26,860	12,625	14,235	43.8	41.4	46.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,035	2,310	2,725	8.2	7.6	8.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,065	2,370	2,690	8.3	7.8	8.7
Americas	1,900	855	1,040	3.1	2.8	3.4
United States of America	1,245	535	705	2.0	1.8	2.3
Mexico	275	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cuba	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	200	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Europe	975	500	470	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	155	90	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	185	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	315	185	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	160	100	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	1,745	760	985	2.8	2.5	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	820	325	495	1.3	1.1	1.6
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	365	195	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,260	47,880	49,385	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,900	33,820	30,080	...	...	...
Employed	58,240	30,925	27,315	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,660	2,895	2,765	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,360	14,060	19,305	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.7	70.6	60.9	65.7	70.6	60.9
Employment rate	59.9	64.6	55.3	59.9	64.6	55.3
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.6	9.2	8.9	8.6	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,265	47,875	49,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,715	14,330	19,385	34.7	29.9	39.3
Worked	63,545	33,545	30,005	65.3	70.1	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,575	19,885	13,685	34.5	41.5	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,980	13,660	16,315	30.8	28.5	33.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.6	40.7	41.7	42.6	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,900	33,815	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	685	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,535	33,130	29,400	97.9	98.0	97.7
Employee	53,995	27,950	26,040	84.5	82.7	86.6
Permanent position	45,365	24,030	21,340	71.0	71.1	70.9
Temporary position	8,630	3,925	4,700	13.5	11.6	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,420	1,050	1,360	3.8	3.1	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,215	2,875	3,340	9.7	8.5	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,540	5,180	3,365	13.4	15.3	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,900	33,815	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	685	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,535	33,130	29,400	97.9	98.0	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	295	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,980	2,660	6,325	14.1	7.9	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,930	2,290	640	4.6	6.8	2.1
3 Health occupations	6,360	1,295	5,065	10.0	3.8	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,970	2,805	5,165	12.5	8.3	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,320	505	810	2.1	1.5	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	15,605	6,765	8,845	24.4	20.0	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,345	11,315	1,030	19.3	33.5	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,415	2,775	645	5.3	8.2	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,230	2,435	795	5.1	7.2	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,900	33,815	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	685	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	62,535	33,130	29,400	97.9	98.0	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,270	2,340	930	5.1	6.9	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	935	815	120	1.5	2.4	0.4
22 Utilities	385	350	35	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	5,340	4,695	650	8.4	13.9	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	5,205	3,925	1,275	8.1	11.6	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,920	1,420	505	3.0	4.2	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,470	3,515	3,960	11.7	10.4	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,775	2,205	565	4.3	6.5	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	685	405	275	1.1	1.2	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,780	635	1,150	2.8	1.9	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840	450	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,950	1,605	1,350	4.6	4.7	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,155	1,225	925	3.4	3.6	3.1
61 Educational services	5,565	1,970	3,590	8.7	5.8	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	9,945	1,945	8,005	15.6	5.8	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990	485	505	1.5	1.4	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,125	1,770	2,355	6.5	5.2	7.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,140	1,560	1,580	4.9	4.6	5.3
91 Public administration	2,980	1,775	1,200	4.7	5.2	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,510	35,830	32,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,925	35,090	31,835	97.7	97.9	97.4
French	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	355	150	205	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	950	490	460	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,510	35,830	32,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,300	35,705	32,600	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	68,020	35,575	32,445	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	67,855	35,555	32,305	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	165	20	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	280	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,510	35,830	32,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,345	35,265	32,075	98.3	98.4	98.1
English	220	80	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	235	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	610	325	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	525	280	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,240	30,925	27,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,295	3,905	4,390	14.2	12.6	16.1
Worked outside Canada	135	130	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,610	6,295	2,315	14.8	20.4	8.5
Usual place of work	41,200	20,595	20,600	70.7	66.6	75.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,200	20,595	20,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,995	14,730	16,270	75.2	71.5	79.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,320	4,685	3,640	20.2	22.7	17.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,590	945	645	3.9	4.6	3.1
Commute to a different province or territory	295	235	55	0.7	1.1	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,810	26,885	22,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,900	24,960	20,940	92.2	92.8	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,105	23,635	19,475	86.5	87.9	85.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,790	1,325	1,460	5.6	4.9	6.4
Public transit	945	360	585	1.9	1.3	2.6
Walked	1,765	845	915	3.5	3.1	4.0
Bicycle	425	280	145	0.9	1.0	0.6
Other method	770	440	335	1.5	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,810	26,885	22,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,600	12,245	12,355	49.4	45.5	53.9
15 to 29 minutes	18,495	10,395	8,100	37.1	38.7	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	3,820	2,300	1,520	7.7	8.6	6.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	710	515	2.5	2.6	2.2
60 minutes and over	1,665	1,235	430	3.3	4.6	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,810	26,885	22,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,905	2,125	780	5.8	7.9	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,910	6,145	2,770	17.9	22.9	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,600	8,095	6,505	29.3	30.1	28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,985	4,210	5,770	20.0	15.7	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,495	2,285	3,210	11.0	8.5	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,915	4,030	3,885	15.9	15.0	17.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,050	14,375	13,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,070	570	500	3.8	4.0	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,980	13,805	13,170	96.2	96.0	96.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,180	10,405	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	800	420	375	4.0	4.0	3.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	440	230	215	2.2	2.2	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	355	195	160	1.8	1.9	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,380	9,980	9,400	96.0	95.9	96.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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