Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LethbridgeMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,847
Population, 2016¹	117,394
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5
Total private dwellings²	51,735
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,647
Population density per square kilometre	41.9
Land area in square kilometres	2,958.96
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,845
0 to 14 years	23,540
0 to 4 years	7,455
5 to 9 years	8,000
10 to 14 years	8,085
15 to 64 years	78,945
15 to 19 years	7,380
20 to 24 years	9,255
25 to 29 years	8,915
30 to 34 years	8,830
35 to 39 years	8,550
40 to 44 years	7,725
45 to 49 years	6,925
50 to 54 years	6,550
55 to 59 years	7,245
60 to 64 years	7,560
65 years and over	21,360
65 to 69 years	6,670
70 to 74 years	5,480
75 to 79 years	3,810
80 to 84 years	2,595
85 years and over	2,810
85 to 89 years	1,655
90 to 94 years	875
95 to 99 years	235
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0
15 to 64 years	63.7
65 years and over	17.2
85 years and over	2.3
Average age of the population	39.3
Median age of the population	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,645
Single-detached house	32,300
Semi-detached house	2,750
Row house	2,720
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,105
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,630
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	825
Other single-attached house	20
Movable dwelling⁴	1,295
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,650
1 person	13,115
2 persons	17,725
3 persons	7,025
4 persons	6,280
5 or more persons	4,510
Number of persons in private households	120,500
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,305
Married or living common-law	57,800
Married	48,345
Living common-law	9,455
Living common law - Never married	7,045
Living common law - Separated	285
Living common law - Divorced	1,910
Living common law - Widowed	215
Not married and not living common-law	42,505
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,365
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,160
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,965
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,020
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,080
2 persons	17,470
3 persons	6,245
4 persons	5,720
5 or more persons	3,645
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,075
Total couple families	28,095
Married couples	23,365
With children⁶	11,930
Without children	11,440
Common-law couples	4,725
With children⁶	1,625
Without children	3,100
Total one-parent families	4,980
in which the parent is a woman+	3,820
in which the parent is a man+	1,160
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,495
Total - Persons in census families	97,110
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,190
Parents in one-parent families	4,985
Children⁶	35,935
In a two-parent family	28,020
In a one-parent family	7,910
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,390
Living alone	13,115
Living with other relatives⁷	2,845
Living with non-relatives only	7,430
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,645
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,490
Couple-family households	25,675
With children⁶	12,460
Without children	13,215
One-parent-family households	3,815
Multigenerational households⁸	900
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,750
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,160
One-person households	13,110
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,365
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,460
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,345
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,975
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,500
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,785
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,300
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,345
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,425
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,560
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,965
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,495
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,800
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,065
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,520
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,085
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,265
Without total income	3,895
With total income	93,370
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,835
$10,000 to $19,999	9,465
$20,000 to $29,999	15,985
$30,000 to $39,999	12,280
$40,000 to $49,999	10,605
$50,000 to $59,999	8,820
$60,000 to $69,999	7,180
$70,000 to $79,999	5,665
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295
$100,000 and over	9,150
$100,000 to $149,999	6,650
$150,000 and over	2,495
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,265
Without after-tax income	3,805
With after-tax income	93,460
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,220
$10,000 to $19,999	9,825
$20,000 to $29,999	17,880
$30,000 to $39,999	14,435
$40,000 to $49,999	12,305
$50,000 to $59,999	9,715
$60,000 to $69,999	7,190
$70,000 to $79,999	4,735
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110
$100,000 and over	4,485
$100,000 to $124,999	2,470
$125,000 and over	2,015
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,265
Without employment income	28,285
With employment income	68,975
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,175
$5,000 to $9,999	5,365
$10,000 to $19,999	8,555
$20,000 to $29,999	7,000
$30,000 to $39,999	6,520
$40,000 to $49,999	6,455
$50,000 to $59,999	5,705
$60,000 to $69,999	4,915
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530
$100,000 and over	6,735
$100,000 to $124,999	3,785
$125,000 and over	2,945
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,640
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,680
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,475
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,345
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,750
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,275
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,760
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,795
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,780
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,425
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,465
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,685
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4
Employment income (%)	70.8
Government transfers (%)	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,645
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,110
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,530
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,645
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,105
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,545
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,645
Under $5,000	390
$5,000 to $9,999	225
$10,000 to $14,999	415
$15,000 to $19,999	540
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435
$35,000 to $39,999	1,670
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905
$45,000 to $49,999	1,940
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005
$100,000 and over	19,455
$100,000 to $124,999	6,260
$125,000 to $149,999	4,440
$150,000 to $199,999	5,035
$200,000 and over	3,720
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,645
Under $5,000	445
$5,000 to $9,999	235
$10,000 to $14,999	425
$15,000 to $19,999	575
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865
$25,000 to $29,999	2,125
$30,000 to $34,999	1,700
$35,000 to $39,999	1,910
$40,000 to $44,999	2,240
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235
$50,000 to $59,999	4,330
$60,000 to $69,999	4,270
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930
$80,000 to $89,999	3,710
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285
$100,000 and over	15,355
$100,000 to $124,999	6,190
$125,000 to $149,999	3,915
$150,000 and over	5,245
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,115
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,730
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,650
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,645
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,545
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,105
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,695
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,750
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,540
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,505
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,500
0 to 17 years	27,585
0 to 5 years	8,930
18 to 64 years	73,375
65 years and over	19,545
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,595
0 to 17 years	3,150
0 to 5 years	1,145
18 to 64 years	6,480
65 years and over	1,970
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8
65 years and over (%)	10.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,500
0 to 17 years	27,580
0 to 5 years	8,930
18 to 64 years	73,375
65 years and over	19,540
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,420
0 to 17 years	885
0 to 5 years	285
18 to 64 years	3,270
65 years and over	260
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,500
In bottom half of the distribution	63,840
In bottom decile	10,900
In second decile	13,615
In third decile	13,450
In fourth decile	13,080
In fifth decile	12,795
In top half of the distribution	56,660
In sixth decile	12,120
In seventh decile	12,085
In eighth decile	11,830
In ninth decile	11,280
In top decile	9,345
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,500
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.415
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	122,165
English only	115,410
French only	45
English and French	5,545
Neither English nor French	1,160
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	122,165
English	119,890
French	905
English and French	235
Neither English nor French	1,130
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	122,165
Single responses	119,465
Official languages	101,985
English	101,060
French	925
Non-official languages	17,480
Indigenous languages³⁹	320
Algonquian languages	305
Blackfoot	280
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	20
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	10
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	5
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,020
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	85
Bilen	0
Oromo	25
Somali	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	920
Amharic	95
Arabic	695
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	120
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	210
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,675
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	110
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,385
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	155
Kannada	0
Malayalam	75
Tamil	45
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,865
Albanian	55
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,140
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,125
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	40
Macedonian	0
Polish	335
Russian	165
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	205
Bosnian	40
Croatian	135
Serbian	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	285
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	5,865
Frisian	15
High German languages	3,160
German	3,140
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,605
Afrikaans	135
Dutch	1,595
Low German, n.o.s.	275
Low Saxon	10
Plautdietsch	585
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	75
Danish	45
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	2,405
Indo-Aryan languages	2,095
Assamese	0
Bengali	140
Gujarati	245
Hindi	125
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	5
Nepali	995
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45
Urdu	155
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	315
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	60
Parsi	0
Pashto	30
Persian languages	220
Dari	75
Iranian Persian	100
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,355
Catalan	0
Italian	220
Portuguese	95
Romanian	95
Spanish	1,945
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	240
Korean	200
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	425
Akan (Twi)	50
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	165
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	130
Dinka	75
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	795
Chinese languages	755
Hakka	5
Mandarin	325
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	390
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	30
S'gaw Karen	30
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50
Lao	5
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	290
Estonian	5
Finnish	30
Hungarian	250
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	2,695
English and French	325
English and non-official language(s)	2,105
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	175
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	122,165
English	104,670
French	200
Non-official language	5,025
Indigenous³⁹	50
Non-Indigenous	4,980
English and French	810
English and non-official language(s)	10,925
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	270
Multiple non-official languages	245
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	122,165
Single responses	119,615
Official languages	110,700
English	110,425
French	275
Non-official languages	8,920
Indigenous languages³⁹	85
Algonquian languages	85
Blackfoot	80
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	665
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	605
Amharic	55
Arabic	470
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	75
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,120
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	90
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	30
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	945
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	105
Kannada	0
Malayalam	50
Tamil	25
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,685
Albanian	30
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	360
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	350
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	100
Russian	85
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	70
Bosnian	20
Croatian	40
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,215
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,505
German	1,500
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	700
Afrikaans	70
Dutch	155
Low German, n.o.s.	195
Low Saxon	10
Plautdietsch	270
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,720
Indo-Aryan languages	1,535
Assamese	0
Bengali	90
Gujarati	160
Hindi	80
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	790
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	180
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	110
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,365
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	50
Romanian	45
Spanish	1,240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	90
Korean	155
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	195
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	80
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	60
Dinka	30
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	460
Chinese languages	435
Hakka	0
Mandarin	195
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	230
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	25
S'gaw Karen	25
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	5
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,540
English and French	120
English and non-official language(s)	2,355
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	35
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	122,160
None	112,135
English	3,365
French	690
Non-official language	5,050
Indigenous³⁹	360
Non-Indigenous	4,690
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	340
French and non-official language(s)	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	400
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,500
Official languages	119,525
English	119,470
French	5,565
Non-official languages	22,785
Indigenous languages³⁹	890
Algonquian languages	865
Blackfoot	810
Cree-Innu languages	65
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	65
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,375
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	20
Hausa	20
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	170
Bilen	0
Oromo	90
Somali	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,245
Amharic	210
Arabic	945
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	35
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300
Khmer (Cambodian)	45
Vietnamese	260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,275
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105
Cebuano	135
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	115
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,045
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185
Creole languages	95
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	0
Morisyen	45
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	205
Kannada	0
Malayalam	75
Tamil	95
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,645
Albanian	60
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,360
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,360
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	45
Macedonian	0
Polish	420
Russian	430
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	220
Bosnian	30
Croatian	155
Serbian	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	60
Ukrainian	310
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	45
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	20
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	6,415
Frisian	20
High German languages	3,040
German	3,025
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,365
Afrikaans	230
Dutch	2,020
Low German, n.o.s.	420
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	685
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	145
Danish	100
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	95
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815
Indo-Aryan languages	2,485
Assamese	0
Bengali	210
Gujarati	390
Hindi	855
Kacchi	35
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	15
Nepali	955
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80
Urdu	305
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	355
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	0
Pashto	55
Persian languages	265
Dari	105
Iranian Persian	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,370
Catalan	0
Italian	330
Portuguese	180
Romanian	170
Spanish	3,805
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	565
Korean	205
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	970
Akan (Twi)	185
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	30
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	360
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	265
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	195
Dinka	120
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75
African, n.o.s.	15
Sign languages	190
American Sign Language	180
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035
Chinese languages	985
Hakka	10
Mandarin	515
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	575
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	15
S'gaw Karen	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90
Lao	20
Thai	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	355
Estonian	10
Finnish	40
Hungarian	310
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,500
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,240
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,000
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,500
Métis	2,455
Inuk (Inuit)	40
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135
Non-Indigenous identity	113,260
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,500
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,045
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,455
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,645
Owner	34,250
Renter	14,400
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,645
Condominium	4,850
Not condominium	43,800
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,645
No bedrooms	250
1 bedroom	3,420
2 bedrooms	10,470
3 bedrooms	15,185
4 or more bedrooms	19,325
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,645
1 to 4 rooms	9,835
5 rooms	7,025
6 rooms	6,935
7 rooms	6,900
8 or more rooms	17,945
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,645
One person or fewer per room	48,025
More than one person per room	620
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,645
Suitable	47,215
Not suitable	1,435
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,645
1960 or before	8,575
1961 to 1980	13,130
1981 to 1990	4,945
1991 to 2000	5,915
2001 to 2005	3,835
2006 to 2010	4,505
2011 to 2015	3,870
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,870
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,645
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,230
Major repairs needed	2,415
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,645
One-maintainer household	23,755
Two-maintainer household	22,265
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,625
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,645
15 to 24 years	2,815
25 to 34 years	8,265
35 to 44 years	8,710
45 to 54 years	7,590
55 to 64 years	8,690
65 to 74 years	7,235
75 to 84 years	4,015
85 years and over	1,325
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,980
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,560
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,425
30% to less than 100%	8,670
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,645
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,385
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,625
Not suitable only	1,175
Major repairs needed only	1,725
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	600
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	36,265
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,235
In core need	4,235
Not in core need	42,995
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,825
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.1
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	346,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,330
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,173
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,855
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,405
Métis single ancestry	425
Inuit single ancestry	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,185
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,035
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,440
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,570
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	150
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,455
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,495
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,645
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,480
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,855
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,495
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,375
Immigrants⁸¹	17,380
Before 1980	4,070
1980 to 1990	1,435
1991 to 2000	1,555
2001 to 2010	3,645
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,680
2011 to 2015	3,040
2016 to 2021	3,640
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,735
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,385
Under 5 years	1,790
5 to 14 years	3,935
15 to 24 years	3,500
25 to 44 years	6,950
45 years and over	1,205
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,385
Americas	4,095
Brazil	50
Colombia	215
El Salvador	575
Guyana	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	165
Mexico	1,270
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20
United States of America	1,190
Other places of birth in Americas	580
Europe	5,575
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75
Croatia	105
France	55
Germany	625
Greece	45
Hungary	105
Italy	95
Netherlands	1,405
Poland	290
Portugal	10
Romania	120
Russian Federation	90
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Ukraine	135
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,800
Other places of birth in Europe	580
Africa	1,920
Algeria	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70
Egypt	15
Eritrea	90
Ethiopia	190
Morocco	10
Nigeria	265
Somalia	40
South Africa, Republic of	255
Other places of birth in Africa	975
Asia	5,610
Afghanistan	95
Iran⁸⁸	90
Iraq	0
Lebanon	35
Syria⁸⁹	305
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	70
Korea, South⁹²	70
Taiwan	45
Philippines	1,860
Viet Nam	220
Bangladesh	80
India	625
Pakistan	185
Sri Lanka	90
Other places of birth in Asia	1,400
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	185
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,645
Americas	885
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	95
Mexico	340
United States of America	175
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	235
Europe	390
France	0
Germany	25
Ireland⁹⁶	25
Italy	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150
Other places of birth in Europe	135
Africa	700
Algeria	0
Burundi	25
Cameroon	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	30
Ethiopia	80
Morocco	0
Nigeria	155
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	40
Sudan⁹⁷	40
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270
Asia	1,635
Afghanistan	10
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	210
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	30
Lebanon	10
Nepal	85
Pakistan	75
Philippines	760
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	245
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	20
Other places of birth in Asia	80
Oceania and other⁹³	35
Australia	25
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,500
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,045
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,805
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,315
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,655
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,465
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,435
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,110
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,315
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	315
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,490
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	770
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,005
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,500
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,790
South Asian	3,075
Chinese	1,515
Black	3,220
Filipino	2,400
Arab	445
Latin American	2,390
Southeast Asian	820
West Asian	310
Korean	220
Japanese	1,680
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	235
Multiple visible minorities	490
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	103,710
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,500
Canadian	16,805
English	26,565
Irish	15,545
Scottish	19,850
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,460
German	23,925
Chinese	1,610
Italian	3,810
Indian (India)	1,165
Ukrainian	7,845
Dutch	13,030
Polish	4,315
Québécois	105
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,795
Filipino	2,415
French Canadian	615
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,255
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,160
Métis	2,145
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,570
Russian	3,620
Norwegian	5,545
Welsh	2,590
Portuguese	280
American	2,900
Spanish	830
Swedish	3,060
Hungarian	3,710
Acadian	230
Pakistani	170
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	480
Jewish	200
Punjabi	65
Vietnamese	365
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265
Greek	370
Jamaican	285
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	375
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	920
Korean	210
Romanian	925
Lebanese	120
Iranian	100
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	555
Danish	2,705
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	680
Sikh	110
Austrian	970
Belgian	740
Haitian	10
Hindu	305
Mexican	1,785
Mennonite	1,650
Swiss	890
Finnish	650
Sri Lankan	150
Croatian	510
Japanese	1,995
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,040
Muslim	215
Egyptian	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605
Tamil	0
Icelandic	825
Colombian	170
Moroccan	40
Czech	1,100
Syrian	200
Guyanese	25
Afghan	105
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115
Serbian	150
Ojibway	105
Newfoundlander	95
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	45
Persian	45
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55
Turkish	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60
Bangladeshi	165
Algerian	10
Brazilian	100
Nigerian	265
Armenian	0
Slovak	655
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230
Somali	70
Taiwanese	30
Iraqi	10
Salvadorean	395
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20
Lithuanian	195
South African	335
Australian	310
Palestinian	40
Chilean	45
Congolese	85
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	270
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	210
Peruvian	25
Yoruba	185
Cambodian (Khmer)	40
Berber	0
Albanian	45
Maltese	95
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	220
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	180
New Brunswicker	25
Gujarati	55
Eritrean	160
African Canadian	0
Israeli	30
Mohawk	65
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	640
Bulgarian	40
Albertan	825
Ghanaian	135
Barbadian	40
African American	80
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	215
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85
Cuban	70
Bosnian	45
Venezuelan	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	75
Bengali	35
Cameroonian	25
Guatemalan	55
Indonesian	30
Laotian	45
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70
British Columbian	70
Ecuadorian	25
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	15
Estonian	60
Kurdish	30
Fijian	30
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65
Coptic	0
Thai	125
Dominican	10
Nepali	520
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	65
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,285
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	50
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15
New Zealander	125
Sudanese	285
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50
Malaysian	20
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	10
Saskatchewanian	75
Buddhist	65
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	50
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50
Burundian	70
Tigrinya	20
Nicaraguan	85
Mauritian	35
Kenyan	210
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	50
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	10
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	35
Mayan	75
Honduran	105
Cherokee	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	55
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	25
Goan	35
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	40
Burmese	35
Mongolian	20
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	35
Oromo	40
Tanzanian	15
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	15
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	35
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	20
Karen	45
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,500
Buddhist	1,085
Christian	64,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,460
Anabaptist	1,300
Anglican	2,810
Baptist	1,265
Catholic	18,490
Christian Orthodox	615
Jehovah's Witness	540
Latter Day Saints	6,500
Lutheran	2,510
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,150
Presbyterian	660
Reformed	2,875
United Church	5,265
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,790
Hindu	1,265
Jewish	130
Muslim	1,820
Sikh	335
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	410
Other religions and spiritual traditions	810
No religion and secular perspectives	50,250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,965
Non-movers	100,715
Movers	18,250
Non-migrants	11,760
Migrants	6,490
Internal migrants	5,945
Intraprovincial migrants	4,615
Interprovincial migrants	1,330
External migrants	540
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,155
Non-movers	64,030
Movers	49,125
Non-migrants	23,475
Migrants	25,650
Internal migrants	22,025
Intraprovincial migrants	17,335
Interprovincial migrants	4,695
External migrants	3,625
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,120
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,095
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,235
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,915
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,530
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,540
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,885
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,830
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,990
Bachelor's degree	13,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590
Master's degree	3,495
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,075
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,850
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,955
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,775
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,575
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,200
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,250
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,530
Bachelor's degree	11,025
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	605
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	470
Master's degree	2,665
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	775
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,725
Education	4,080
13. Education	4,080
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,680
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115
50. Visual and performing arts	1,565
Humanities	2,160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130
23. English language and literature/letters	400
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195
39. Theology and religious vocations	330
54. History	325
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,795
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170
22. Legal professions and studies	565
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75
42. Psychology	1,040
45. Social sciences	1,325
Business, management and public administration	9,100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	740
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,345
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	340
41. Science technologies/technicians	140
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,275
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960
25. Library science	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	175
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,715
04. Architecture and related services	175
14. Engineering	835
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,700
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,590
48. Precision production	1,255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,265
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,725
03. Natural resources and conservation	545
Health and related fields	10,080
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,415
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	1,030
49. Transportation and materials moving	385
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,380
Education	2,755
13. Education	2,755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50
50. Visual and performing arts	1,140
Humanities	1,485
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90
23. English language and literature/letters	250
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175
39. Theology and religious vocations	225
54. History	240
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	435
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930
22. Legal professions and studies	430
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50
42. Psychology	790
45. Social sciences	975
Business, management and public administration	6,805
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	550
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	845
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	245
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	975
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785
25. Library science	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,935
04. Architecture and related services	130
14. Engineering	625
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,610
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,910
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,825
48. Precision production	840
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,710
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	435
Health and related fields	7,400
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,435
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	775
49. Transportation and materials moving	290
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,950
Location of study inside Canada	31,890
Same as province or territory of residence	26,860
Different than province or territory of residence	5,035
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,065
Americas	1,900
United States of America	1,245
Mexico	275
Cuba	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Brazil	25
Colombia	80
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other locations of study in Americas	200
Europe	975
Belgium	25
France	25
Germany	60
Netherlands	155
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	20
Poland	45
Romania	30
Russian Federation	40
Ukraine	80
Ireland⁹⁶	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	50
Africa	315
Nigeria	55
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	20
South Africa, Republic of	75
Other locations of study in Africa	160
Asia	1,745
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	110
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
Japan	50
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	820
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	50
Sri Lanka	30
India	365
Pakistan	50
Other locations of study in Asia	130
Oceania	130
Australia	85
New Zealand	45
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,260
In the labour force	63,900
Employed	58,240
Unemployed	5,660
Not in the labour force	33,360
Participation rate	65.7
Employment rate	59.9
Unemployment rate	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,265
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,715
Worked	63,545
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,575
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,980
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,900
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,535
Employee	53,995
Permanent position	45,365
Temporary position	8,630
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,420
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,215
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,540
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,900
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,535
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,980
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,930
3 Health occupations	6,360
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,320
6 Sales and service occupations	15,605
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,415
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,230
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,900
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365
All industries¹⁹¹	62,535
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,270
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	935
22 Utilities	385
23 Construction	5,340
31-33 Manufacturing	5,205
41 Wholesale trade	1,920
44-45 Retail trade	7,470
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,775
51 Information and cultural industries	685
52 Finance and insurance	1,780
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,950
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,155
61 Educational services	5,565
62 Health care and social assistance	9,945
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990
72 Accommodation and food services	4,125
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,140
91 Public administration	2,980
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,510
English	66,925
French	75
Non-official language	145
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	145
English and French	355
English and non-official language(s)	950
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,510
Single responses	68,300
Official languages	68,020
English	67,855
French	165
Non-official languages	280
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280
Afro-Asiatic languages	25
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	10
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	165
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	80
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55
Chinese languages	55
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	205
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	170
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,510
None	67,345
English	220
French	235
Non-official language	610
Indigenous³⁹	85
Non-Indigenous	525
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	65
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,240
Worked at home	8,295
Worked outside Canada	135
No fixed workplace address	8,610
Usual place of work	41,200
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,320
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,590
Commute to a different province or territory	295
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,810
Car, truck or van	45,900
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,105
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,790
Public transit	945
Walked	1,765
Bicycle	425
Other method	770
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,810
Less than 15 minutes	24,600
15 to 29 minutes	18,495
30 to 44 minutes	3,820
45 to 59 minutes	1,225
60 minutes and over	1,665
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,810
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,905
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,910
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,600
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,985
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,495
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,070
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,980
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,180
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	800
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	440
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	355
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,380

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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