Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Albert--EdmontonMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	130,822	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	121,313	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,104	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,194	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,253.1	...	...	1,253.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	104.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	130,825	64,365	66,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,585	13,020	12,565	19.6	20.2	18.9
0 to 4 years	7,535	3,845	3,685	5.8	6.0	5.5
5 to 9 years	8,975	4,550	4,430	6.9	7.1	6.7
10 to 14 years	9,075	4,630	4,445	6.9	7.2	6.7
15 to 64 years	85,130	42,160	42,970	65.1	65.5	64.7
15 to 19 years	8,275	4,315	3,960	6.3	6.7	6.0
20 to 24 years	7,660	3,970	3,690	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	7,510	3,870	3,635	5.7	6.0	5.5
30 to 34 years	8,755	4,255	4,500	6.7	6.6	6.8
35 to 39 years	10,010	4,910	5,100	7.7	7.6	7.7
40 to 44 years	9,480	4,615	4,860	7.2	7.2	7.3
45 to 49 years	8,745	4,320	4,425	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	8,235	4,000	4,230	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,430	4,025	4,395	6.4	6.3	6.6
60 to 64 years	8,030	3,870	4,160	6.1	6.0	6.3
65 years and over	20,105	9,185	10,925	15.4	14.3	16.4
65 to 69 years	6,750	3,185	3,570	5.2	4.9	5.4
70 to 74 years	5,330	2,470	2,855	4.1	3.8	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,435	1,620	1,810	2.6	2.5	2.7
80 to 84 years	2,350	1,130	1,220	1.8	1.8	1.8
85 years and over	2,255	785	1,465	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,535	580	950	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	545	165	385	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	155	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	18.9	19.6	20.2	18.9
15 to 64 years	65.1	65.5	64.7	65.1	65.5	64.7
65 years and over	15.4	14.3	16.4	15.4	14.3	16.4
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	38.8	37.6	39.6	38.8	37.6	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,275	...	...	66.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,045	...	...	8.6	...	...
Row house	4,515	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,715	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,815	...	...	20.8	...	...
2 persons	15,880	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 persons	7,910	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	8,295	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	5,305	...	...	11.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	128,045	62,640	65,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,235	51,345	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,080	31,475	31,600	59.9	61.3	58.6
Married	54,560	27,220	27,340	51.8	53.0	50.7
Living common-law	8,525	4,255	4,265	8.1	8.3	7.9
Living common law - Never married	6,140	3,105	3,035	5.8	6.0	5.6
Living common law - Separated	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,875	900	980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	42,160	19,865	22,290	40.1	38.7	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,585	15,685	12,900	27.2	30.5	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,505	970	1,530	2.4	1.9	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,200	2,210	3,995	5.9	4.3	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,865	995	3,870	4.6	1.9	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,625	...	...	45.3	...	...
3 persons	7,865	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	8,120	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,115	...	...	11.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,965	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	26,705	...	...	72.7	...	...
With children⁶	15,770	...	...	42.9	...	...
Without children	10,935	...	...	29.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,260	...	...	11.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,710	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	2,555	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,760	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,545	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	128,045	62,640	65,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	111,635	55,155	56,480	87.2	88.1	86.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,930	30,920	31,015	48.4	49.4	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,760	1,210	4,550	4.5	1.9	7.0
Children⁶	43,945	23,025	20,920	34.3	36.8	32.0
In a two-parent family	34,460	18,010	16,450	26.9	28.8	25.2
In a one-parent family	9,485	5,015	4,465	7.4	8.0	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,405	7,490	8,920	12.8	12.0	13.6
Living alone	9,815	4,180	5,630	7.7	6.7	8.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,940	1,200	1,735	2.3	1.9	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,655	2,105	1,550	2.9	3.4	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,495	...	...	68.9	...	...
Couple-family households	28,015	...	...	59.4	...	...
With children⁶	15,815	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	12,200	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,485	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,380	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,630	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,625	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	9,815	...	...	20.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,460	49,620	52,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,445	47,125	50,320	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	60,800	42,400	50,000	60,800	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,525	47,175	50,350	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	38,400	44,400	52,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,435	44,240	45,195	87.3	89.2	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	57,600	35,200	45,200	57,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,310	37,220	36,090	71.5	75.0	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	59,600	39,200	48,400	59,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,965	40,105	44,855	82.9	80.8	84.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	6,000	9,600	8,100	6,000	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,660	5,095	5,570	10.4	10.3	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,720	6,000	5,880	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,765	12,855	14,905	27.1	25.9	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,510	47,200	50,310	95.1	95.0	95.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,500	74,600	51,160	62,500	74,600	51,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,620	47,265	50,355	95.2	95.1	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,350	43,760	51,800	60,350	43,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,370	44,215	45,155	87.1	89.0	85.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,350	71,300	45,720	58,350	71,300	45,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,410	37,225	36,185	71.6	74.9	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,600	70,000	46,840	58,600	70,000	46,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,035	40,095	44,940	82.9	80.7	85.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,320	9,170	11,350	10,320	9,170	11,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,635	5,135	5,500	10.4	10.3	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,750	7,360	7,060	6,750	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,775	13,020	14,755	27.1	26.2	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,900	9,220	9,070	8,900	9,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,555	49,695	52,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,930	19,990	15,940	35.0	40.2	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	86,000	67,000	77,500	86,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,900	97,000	74,200	86,900	97,000	74,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,590	12,900	15,685	27.9	26.0	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	26,200	18,400	21,200	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,000	42,720	26,800	34,000	42,720	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.6	89.6	80.2	85.6	89.6	80.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	74.0	65.8	70.6	74.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	10.4	19.8	14.4	10.4	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.6	6.1	4.7	3.6	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.3	4.1	3.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,465	49,620	52,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,015	2,490	2,525	4.9	5.0	4.8
With total income	97,445	47,130	50,315	95.1	95.0	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,580	3,040	4,540	7.8	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,460	3,265	5,190	8.7	6.9	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,835	5,210	7,625	13.2	11.1	15.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,405	4,010	6,390	10.7	8.5	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,425	3,875	5,555	9.7	8.2	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,595	3,770	4,820	8.8	8.0	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,715	3,655	4,065	7.9	7.8	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,535	3,540	2,995	6.7	7.5	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,225	2,975	2,250	5.4	6.3	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,615	2,650	1,970	4.7	5.6	3.9
$100,000 and over	16,065	11,140	4,930	16.5	23.6	9.8
$100,000 to $149,999	11,025	7,155	3,875	11.3	15.2	7.7
$150,000 and over	5,045	3,990	1,060	5.2	8.5	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,465	49,620	52,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,940	2,445	2,495	4.8	4.9	4.7
With after-tax income	97,520	47,175	50,350	95.2	95.1	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,015	3,185	4,835	8.2	6.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,910	3,455	5,455	9.1	7.3	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,425	5,855	8,570	14.8	12.4	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,415	4,950	7,465	12.7	10.5	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,435	4,930	6,505	11.7	10.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	10,240	4,870	5,370	10.5	10.3	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,320	4,515	3,805	8.5	9.6	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,460	3,700	2,755	6.6	7.8	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	5,240	3,030	2,205	5.4	6.4	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,650	2,335	1,315	3.7	4.9	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,405	6,350	2,060	8.6	13.5	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,310	3,110	1,205	4.4	6.6	2.4
$125,000 and over	4,095	3,235	855	4.2	6.9	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,465	49,620	52,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,155	12,400	16,755	28.5	25.0	31.7
With employment income	73,310	37,220	36,090	71.5	75.0	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,560	3,980	4,585	11.7	10.7	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,320	2,240	3,080	7.3	6.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,410	3,115	4,295	10.1	8.4	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,610	2,275	3,340	7.7	6.1	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,220	2,205	3,010	7.1	5.9	8.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,405	2,455	2,950	7.4	6.6	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,535	2,395	3,135	7.6	6.4	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,280	2,475	2,800	7.2	6.6	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,590	2,560	2,025	6.3	6.9	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,825	2,265	1,560	5.2	6.1	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,865	2,170	1,695	5.3	5.8	4.7
$100,000 and over	12,690	9,085	3,610	17.3	24.4	10.0
$100,000 to $124,999	6,150	3,895	2,255	8.4	10.5	6.2
$125,000 and over	6,545	5,190	1,355	8.9	13.9	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,460	49,620	52,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,550	46,130	49,420	93.3	93.0	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,800	41,200	50,400	62,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,610	46,135	49,470	93.3	93.0	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,600	37,200	44,400	53,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,580	43,790	44,795	86.5	88.3	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	60,800	38,400	48,400	60,800	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,160	37,600	36,560	72.4	75.8	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,400	41,600	50,400	62,400	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,645	38,375	42,265	78.7	77.3	80.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,900	1,000	4,400	1,900	1,000	4,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,385	3,475	3,905	7.2	7.0	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,520	7,400	6,450	5,520	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,620	46,205	49,420	93.2	93.0	93.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,000	76,900	50,040	63,000	76,900	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,680	46,210	49,470	93.3	93.0	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550	61,300	42,480	51,550	61,300	42,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,555	43,805	44,750	86.3	88.1	84.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,750	76,100	47,760	61,750	76,100	47,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,185	37,570	36,615	72.3	75.6	69.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,350	73,600	48,880	61,350	73,600	48,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,590	38,255	42,335	78.6	77.0	80.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,765	7,950	6,910	5,765	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,320	3,435	3,885	7.1	6.9	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,310	7,180	9,310	8,310	7,180	9,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,555	49,695	52,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,780	19,860	15,915	34.9	40.0	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	86,000	65,000	76,000	86,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,600	97,000	71,400	85,600	97,000	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,160	12,285	14,875	26.5	24.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	38,400	26,600	30,400	38,400	26,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,040	53,950	33,960	43,040	53,950	33,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.8	86.4	90.8	93.8	86.4
Employment income (%)	75.6	77.8	72.4	75.6	77.8	72.4
Government transfers (%)	9.2	6.2	13.6	9.2	6.2	13.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,900	...	...	66,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,350	...	...	55,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	775	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	915	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	995	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,175	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,630	...	...	5.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,870	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,535	...	...	56.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,565	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,115	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,415	...	...	15.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,445	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	820	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,035	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	980	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,405	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,240	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,455	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,360	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,030	...	...	46.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,065	...	...	15.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,360	...	...	11.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,605	...	...	20.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,470	6,280	7,180	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,400	60,400	49,600	54,400	60,400	49,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	51,200	43,600	46,800	51,200	43,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,415	6,250	7,170	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,600	67,600	58,250	62,600	67,600	58,250
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,250	55,500	49,400	52,250	55,500	49,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	128,040	62,640	65,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,635	15,655	14,985	23.9	25.0	22.9
0 to 5 years	9,375	4,745	4,635	7.3	7.6	7.1
18 to 64 years	78,640	38,265	40,370	61.4	61.1	61.7
65 years and over	18,765	8,720	10,045	14.7	13.9	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,460	3,835	4,625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,080	1,575	1,510	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,075	545	525	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,355	1,930	2,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,020	325	690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	6.1	7.1	6.6	6.1	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.5	11.4	11.4	11.5	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.1	6.0	5.5	5.1	6.0
65 years and over (%)	5.4	3.8	6.9	5.4	3.8	6.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	128,045	62,640	65,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,635	15,655	14,985	23.9	25.0	22.9
0 to 5 years	9,375	4,740	4,630	7.3	7.6	7.1
18 to 64 years	78,640	38,265	40,375	61.4	61.1	61.7
65 years and over	18,770	8,725	10,045	14.7	13.9	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,775	2,290	2,485	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,495	765	725	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	510	255	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,935	1,405	1,535	...	...	...
65 years and over	345	115	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.3	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.3	2.3	1.8	1.3	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	128,040	62,640	65,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,530	22,210	25,325	37.1	35.5	38.7
In bottom decile	7,320	3,455	3,860	5.7	5.5	5.9
In second decile	8,705	3,850	4,855	6.8	6.1	7.4
In third decile	9,740	4,505	5,235	7.6	7.2	8.0
In fourth decile	10,080	4,815	5,265	7.9	7.7	8.0
In fifth decile	11,685	5,575	6,110	9.1	8.9	9.3
In top half of the distribution	80,510	40,435	40,075	62.9	64.6	61.3
In sixth decile	12,840	6,330	6,510	10.0	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	14,305	7,095	7,205	11.2	11.3	11.0
In eighth decile	16,330	8,145	8,180	12.8	13.0	12.5
In ninth decile	18,345	9,220	9,125	14.3	14.7	14.0
In top decile	18,695	9,640	9,055	14.6	15.4	13.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	128,045	...	...	128,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	116,590	57,610	58,980	90.7	91.5	89.8
French only	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,460	4,745	5,720	8.1	7.5	8.7
Neither English nor French	1,465	550	920	1.1	0.9	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,975	60,875	63,100	96.4	96.7	96.1
French	2,595	1,255	1,340	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	625	300	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	1,415	515	900	1.1	0.8	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,375	60,535	62,840	95.9	96.2	95.7
Official languages	98,460	48,835	49,625	76.6	77.6	75.6
English	95,815	47,555	48,260	74.5	75.6	73.5
French	2,645	1,280	1,360	2.1	2.0	2.1
Non-official languages	24,915	11,705	13,215	19.4	18.6	20.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,825	11,670	13,160	19.3	18.5	20.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,700	2,785	2,910	4.4	4.4	4.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	970	440	530	0.8	0.7	0.8
Bilen	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	760	330	430	0.6	0.5	0.7
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,720	2,340	2,380	3.7	3.7	3.6
Amharic	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	3,855	1,945	1,905	3.0	3.1	2.9
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	430	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,240	540	700	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,135	495	640	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,840	1,715	2,125	3.0	2.7	3.2
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,290	1,470	1,820	2.6	2.3	2.8
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,400	4,500	4,905	7.3	7.1	7.5
Albanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,850	1,335	1,515	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,820	1,325	1,500	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	880	410	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	355	150	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	555	275	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	840	390	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,300	605	695	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	770	350	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	760	345	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	430	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	330	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,400	1,180	1,225	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,095	1,030	1,065	1.6	1.6	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	415	195	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	190	95	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	730	355	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	405	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,715	1,305	1,415	2.1	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	600	305	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	490	220	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,350	640	710	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	480	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,015	1,390	1,625	2.3	2.2	2.5
Chinese languages	2,970	1,370	1,605	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hakka	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	760	325	430	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,935	910	1,020	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	320	165	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,240	2,405	2,830	4.1	3.8	4.3
English and French	705	310	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,005	1,850	2,155	3.1	2.9	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	335	150	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	98,530	48,855	49,675	76.6	77.6	75.6
French	540	260	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	5,885	2,735	3,150	4.6	4.3	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,875	2,735	3,140	4.6	4.3	4.8
English and French	1,755	815	940	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	20,685	9,715	10,965	16.1	15.4	16.7
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	615	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	565	260	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,205	60,410	62,795	95.8	96.0	95.6
Official languages	109,975	54,115	55,865	85.5	86.0	85.1
English	109,115	53,700	55,410	84.8	85.3	84.4
French	865	410	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	13,225	6,295	6,930	10.3	10.0	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,205	6,285	6,920	10.3	10.0	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,435	1,675	1,765	2.7	2.7	2.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	525	250	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,910	1,420	1,490	2.3	2.3	2.3
Amharic	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,345	1,165	1,180	1.8	1.9	1.8
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	295	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	795	340	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	740	320	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,270	1,100	1,170	1.8	1.7	1.8
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,975	965	1,010	1.5	1.5	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,900	1,860	2,045	3.0	3.0	3.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	525	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,080	520	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,480	720	760	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,355	660	690	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145	525	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	745	340	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,930	905	1,030	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese languages	1,905	895	1,010	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hakka	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	505	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,260	580	675	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,410	2,535	2,875	4.2	4.0	4.4
English and French	340	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,895	2,315	2,575	3.8	3.7	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	128,615	62,945	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,580	54,020	55,560	85.2	85.8	84.6
English	6,190	3,000	3,190	4.8	4.8	4.9
French	1,260	595	665	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	9,545	4,365	5,180	7.4	6.9	7.9
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	9,460	4,335	5,125	7.4	6.9	7.8
English and French	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	830	400	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	825	375	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	128,310	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	126,795	62,275	64,515	98.8	99.2	98.5
English	126,705	62,245	64,460	98.7	99.1	98.4
French	10,580	4,780	5,800	8.2	7.6	8.9
Non-official languages	35,530	16,575	18,960	27.7	26.4	28.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	220	75	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	175	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	160	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	160	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,320	16,510	18,810	27.5	26.3	28.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,185	4,390	4,800	7.2	7.0	7.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,465	720	750	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bilen	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	275	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	1,145	535	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	8,005	3,800	4,210	6.2	6.1	6.4
Amharic	760	340	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arabic	6,730	3,275	3,455	5.2	5.2	5.3
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	750	290	460	0.6	0.5	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,765	815	950	1.4	1.3	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,635	775	860	1.3	1.2	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,365	2,415	2,950	4.2	3.8	4.5
Bikol	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,085	2,285	2,805	4.0	3.6	4.3
Waray-Waray	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	190	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	415	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,150	6,285	6,870	10.2	10.0	10.5
Albanian	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,565	1,625	1,940	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baltic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,550	1,625	1,920	2.8	2.6	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,200	550	650	0.9	0.9	1.0
Russian	720	310	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	650	330	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	375	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	255	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,155	525	630	0.9	0.8	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,040	955	1,080	1.6	1.5	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,340	650	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	1,330	645	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	635	270	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	420	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,460	1,740	1,710	2.7	2.8	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,135	1,590	1,555	2.4	2.5	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	1,300	685	610	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kacchi	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	310	140	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,100	580	520	0.9	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	765	375	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,360	2,075	2,285	3.4	3.3	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,095	535	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	715	335	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,485	1,170	1,320	1.9	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	230	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,190	560	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
Akan (Twi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	40	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	165	40	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,860	1,760	2,095	3.0	2.8	3.2
Chinese languages	3,805	1,730	2,075	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hakka	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	1,785	760	1,030	1.4	1.2	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,815	1,315	1,500	2.2	2.1	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	575	290	280	0.4	0.5	0.4
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	515	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	128,315	62,785	65,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,885	3,250	3,630	5.4	5.2	5.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,705	3,155	3,550	5.2	5.0	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,385	1,100	1,280	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	4,250	2,010	2,240	3.3	3.2	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	121,430	59,530	61,895	94.6	94.8	94.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	128,315	62,785	65,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,835	815	1,020	1.4	1.3	1.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,475	61,965	64,510	98.6	98.7	98.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,930	...	...	80.4	...	...
Renter	9,265	...	...	19.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,650	...	...	20.4	...	...
Not condominium	37,545	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,085	...	...	4.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,365	...	...	17.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,315	...	...	38.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,360	...	...	38.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,845	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,755	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,090	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,800	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,705	...	...	37.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,970	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,225	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,230	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,970	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,000	...	...	2.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,380	...	...	28.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,655	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,090	...	...	15.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,295	...	...	11.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,320	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,695	...	...	12.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,765	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,200	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,995	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,315	...	...	45.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,495	...	...	49.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,385	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,175	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,005	...	...	21.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,675	...	...	20.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,170	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,100	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,320	...	...	7.0	...	...
85 years and over	940	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,335	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,775	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,115	...	...	17.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,835	...	...	25.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,970	...	...	16.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,580	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,420	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,360	...	...	74.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,205	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	43,245	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.7	...	...	63.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,744	...	...	1,744	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	427,200	...	...	427,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.3	...	...	34.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,522	...	...	1,522	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	128,310	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,850	850	1,000	1.4	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,750	795	960	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,140	500	645	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis single ancestry	580	280	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,320	3,010	3,310	4.9	4.8	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,045	2,870	3,175	4.7	4.6	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,865	1,330	1,535	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,130	1,515	1,615	2.4	2.4	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	120,145	58,925	61,220	93.6	93.9	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	128,310	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	120,410	59,120	61,290	93.8	94.2	93.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,445	14,995	14,450	22.9	23.9	22.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,965	44,120	46,840	70.9	70.3	71.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,900	3,665	4,235	6.2	5.8	6.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	128,310	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	98,820	48,810	50,015	77.0	77.7	76.3
Immigrants⁸¹	28,540	13,500	15,040	22.2	21.5	23.0
Before 1980	4,950	2,440	2,510	3.9	3.9	3.8
1980 to 1990	3,930	1,940	1,985	3.1	3.1	3.0
1991 to 2000	3,905	1,710	2,200	3.0	2.7	3.4
2001 to 2010	6,330	2,910	3,420	4.9	4.6	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,425	4,505	4,915	7.3	7.2	7.5
2011 to 2015	5,480	2,705	2,775	4.3	4.3	4.2
2016 to 2021	3,945	1,800	2,145	3.1	2.9	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	950	480	475	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,540	13,500	15,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,660	1,455	1,210	9.3	10.8	8.0
5 to 14 years	5,300	2,615	2,690	18.6	19.4	17.9
15 to 24 years	5,920	2,595	3,320	20.7	19.2	22.1
25 to 44 years	12,460	5,855	6,610	43.7	43.4	43.9
45 years and over	2,195	990	1,210	7.7	7.3	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,540	13,500	15,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,465	1,100	1,365	8.6	8.1	9.1
Brazil	100	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	230	110	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
El Salvador	180	90	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
Guyana	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	270	100	165	0.9	0.7	1.1
Mexico	130	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	160	70	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
United States of America	665	290	375	2.3	2.1	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	530	255	270	1.9	1.9	1.8
Europe	6,210	3,050	3,155	21.8	22.6	21.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	160	90	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Croatia	155	80	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
France	85	35	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Germany	500	260	245	1.8	1.9	1.6
Greece	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	120	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	385	230	150	1.3	1.7	1.0
Netherlands	305	160	145	1.1	1.2	1.0
Poland	780	375	400	2.7	2.8	2.7
Portugal	215	75	145	0.8	0.6	1.0
Romania	200	115	90	0.7	0.9	0.6
Russian Federation	120	35	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	315	135	175	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,930	980	955	6.8	7.3	6.3
Other places of birth in Europe	825	390	440	2.9	2.9	2.9
Africa	4,455	2,075	2,380	15.6	15.4	15.8
Algeria	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	90	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Egypt	215	100	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Eritrea	390	185	210	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ethiopia	735	305	430	2.6	2.3	2.9
Morocco	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	370	225	150	1.3	1.7	1.0
Somalia	605	270	340	2.1	2.0	2.3
South Africa, Republic of	330	170	165	1.2	1.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,520	705	815	5.3	5.2	5.4
Asia	14,800	6,950	7,845	51.9	51.5	52.2
Afghanistan	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	140	75	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iraq	400	170	230	1.4	1.3	1.5
Lebanon	1,145	615	530	4.0	4.6	3.5
Syria⁸⁹	560	280	285	2.0	2.1	1.9
Turkey	280	145	135	1.0	1.1	0.9
China⁹⁰	1,085	450	630	3.8	3.3	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	495	260	235	1.7	1.9	1.6
Korea, South⁹²	170	70	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,985	2,265	2,720	17.5	16.8	18.1
Viet Nam	1,290	580	710	4.5	4.3	4.7
Bangladesh	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	1,095	560	530	3.8	4.1	3.5
Pakistan	475	230	245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Sri Lanka	165	85	80	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	2,325	1,080	1,245	8.1	8.0	8.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	610	320	290	2.1	2.4	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,945	1,800	2,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	360	160	195	9.1	8.9	9.1
Brazil	25	10	20	0.6	0.6	0.9
Colombia	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mexico	30	15	10	0.8	0.8	0.5
United States of America	110	65	50	2.8	3.6	2.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	125	45	80	3.2	2.5	3.7
Europe	360	170	190	9.1	9.4	8.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Italy	20	20	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	80	35	50	2.0	1.9	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	20	35	1.3	1.1	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	140	75	70	3.5	4.2	3.3
Africa	785	365	420	19.9	20.3	19.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	15	0.9	0.8	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Egypt	25	10	20	0.6	0.6	0.9
Eritrea	115	60	60	2.9	3.3	2.8
Ethiopia	90	20	65	2.3	1.1	3.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Nigeria	130	75	55	3.3	4.2	2.6
Somalia	90	40	55	2.3	2.2	2.6
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	1.0	1.4	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	210	100	110	5.3	5.6	5.1
Asia	2,400	1,080	1,325	60.8	60.0	61.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.3	0.6	0.5
China⁹⁰	55	20	35	1.4	1.1	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	90	100	4.9	5.0	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	50	15	30	1.3	0.8	1.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	40	0	35	1.0	0.0	1.6
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Lebanon	80	40	35	2.0	2.2	1.6
Nepal	45	20	30	1.1	1.1	1.4
Pakistan	50	0	40	1.3	0.0	1.9
Philippines	1,135	525	605	28.8	29.2	28.2
Saudi Arabia	45	10	35	1.1	0.6	1.6
Sri Lanka	35	25	10	0.9	1.4	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	290	145	150	7.4	8.1	7.0
Turkey	60	25	35	1.5	1.4	1.6
United Arab Emirates	35	25	15	0.9	1.4	0.7
Viet Nam	65	25	45	1.6	1.4	2.1
Other places of birth in Asia	175	85	90	4.4	4.7	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15	1.0	1.4	0.7
Australia	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	15	10	0.6	0.8	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	128,315	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,600	14,530	16,070	23.8	23.1	24.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	27,895	13,865	14,025	21.7	22.1	21.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,815	34,385	35,430	54.4	54.8	54.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,590	11,060	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,940	5,305	5,635	46.4	48.0	45.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,085	2,270	1,815	17.3	20.5	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,855	3,035	3,815	29.1	27.4	30.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,365	3,025	4,340	31.2	27.4	34.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,075	2,630	2,440	21.5	23.8	19.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	215	95	115	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,590	11,060	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,200	680	525	5.1	6.1	4.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,225	1,425	1,800	13.7	12.9	14.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	615	320	295	2.6	2.9	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	660	305	355	2.8	2.8	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	30	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	17,785	8,305	9,475	75.4	75.1	75.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	128,315	62,785	65,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	36,865	17,875	18,985	28.7	28.5	29.0
South Asian	4,400	2,215	2,185	3.4	3.5	3.3
Chinese	4,520	2,160	2,360	3.5	3.4	3.6
Black	7,470	3,570	3,905	5.8	5.7	6.0
Filipino	6,720	3,190	3,530	5.2	5.1	5.4
Arab	6,970	3,420	3,550	5.4	5.4	5.4
Latin American	1,390	665	725	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	2,545	1,250	1,295	2.0	2.0	2.0
West Asian	400	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	410	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,630	780	850	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,450	44,905	46,540	71.3	71.5	71.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	128,310	62,785	65,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,910	7,130	6,780	10.8	11.4	10.3
English	23,360	11,410	11,945	18.2	18.2	18.2
Irish	17,725	8,580	9,140	13.8	13.7	13.9
Scottish	18,920	9,235	9,685	14.7	14.7	14.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,280	6,525	6,755	10.3	10.4	10.3
German	18,625	9,100	9,520	14.5	14.5	14.5
Chinese	5,370	2,575	2,795	4.2	4.1	4.3
Italian	4,285	2,235	2,050	3.3	3.6	3.1
Indian (India)	2,110	1,090	1,020	1.6	1.7	1.6
Ukrainian	16,350	7,840	8,510	12.7	12.5	13.0
Dutch	5,445	2,675	2,775	4.2	4.3	4.2
Polish	7,625	3,350	4,275	5.9	5.3	6.5
Québécois	190	65	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,000	2,060	1,945	3.1	3.3	3.0
Filipino	6,640	3,160	3,480	5.2	5.0	5.3
French Canadian	1,375	695	670	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,700	805	895	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,620	790	830	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	4,050	1,970	2,080	3.2	3.1	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,740	820	915	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian	2,510	1,240	1,270	2.0	2.0	1.9
Norwegian	4,310	2,080	2,225	3.4	3.3	3.4
Welsh	2,545	1,210	1,335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Portuguese	1,265	645	620	1.0	1.0	0.9
American	1,815	960	860	1.4	1.5	1.3
Spanish	1,340	620	720	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	2,805	1,200	1,600	2.2	1.9	2.4
Hungarian	1,310	630	680	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	355	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	685	330	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,340	595	745	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jewish	330	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	350	200	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	2,035	1,020	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,115	1,035	1,085	1.6	1.6	1.7
Greek	445	230	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	525	250	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	710	355	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,335	590	745	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	1,070	470	600	0.8	0.7	0.9
Lebanese	2,850	1,415	1,440	2.2	2.3	2.2
Iranian	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,435	730	705	1.1	1.2	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	515	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	265	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austrian	1,490	760	735	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgian	785	335	450	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	210	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swiss	440	150	295	0.3	0.2	0.5
Finnish	350	150	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	690	385	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	250	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	880	450	425	0.7	0.7	0.6
Muslim	565	260	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Egyptian	380	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	715	360	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	485	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	735	385	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guyanese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	200	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	200	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	640	315	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	465	265	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Armenian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	1,480	700	775	1.2	1.1	1.2
Taiwanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	355	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	495	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	230	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	860	455	400	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chilean	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	755	340	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	185	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	650	270	375	0.5	0.4	0.6
African Canadian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	700	330	365	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ghanaian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	140	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	295	160	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jatt	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	210	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	60	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Breton	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	290	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Plains Cree	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	265	95	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nicaraguan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tanzanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	185	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	128,310	62,780	65,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,185	1,000	1,190	1.7	1.6	1.8
Christian	64,095	29,875	34,220	50.0	47.6	52.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,390	5,020	5,370	8.1	8.0	8.2
Anabaptist	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,830	1,345	1,485	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baptist	1,085	475	610	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catholic	33,360	15,760	17,595	26.0	25.1	26.9
Christian Orthodox	2,630	1,195	1,440	2.0	1.9	2.2
Jehovah's Witness	305	120	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	630	310	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	2,090	885	1,205	1.6	1.4	1.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,815	780	1,035	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	425	180	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	445	235	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Church	4,205	1,770	2,435	3.3	2.8	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,660	1,700	1,960	2.9	2.7	3.0
Hindu	1,265	625	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jewish	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	11,710	5,730	5,975	9.1	9.1	9.1
Sikh	845	470	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,200	530	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	46,815	24,475	22,340	36.5	39.0	34.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	127,045	62,120	64,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,380	55,490	57,890	89.2	89.3	89.2
Movers	13,665	6,630	7,035	10.8	10.7	10.8
Non-migrants	8,570	4,175	4,390	6.7	6.7	6.8
Migrants	5,100	2,450	2,645	4.0	3.9	4.1
Internal migrants	4,675	2,250	2,425	3.7	3.6	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,640	1,750	1,890	2.9	2.8	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,035	505	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	425	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	120,670	58,820	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,835	37,100	38,740	62.8	63.1	62.6
Movers	44,830	21,720	23,120	37.2	36.9	37.4
Non-migrants	23,315	11,200	12,110	19.3	19.0	19.6
Migrants	21,520	10,515	11,005	17.8	17.9	17.8
Internal migrants	18,695	9,160	9,530	15.5	15.6	15.4
Intraprovincial migrants	14,555	7,160	7,395	12.1	12.2	12.0
Interprovincial migrants	4,140	2,010	2,130	3.4	3.4	3.4
External migrants	2,830	1,355	1,475	2.3	2.3	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,590	8,065	7,525	15.2	16.2	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,965	41,630	45,335	84.8	83.8	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,020	32,960	35,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,525	3,570	2,960	9.6	10.8	8.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,495	29,390	32,105	90.4	89.2	91.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,515	6,755	6,760	13.2	13.6	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,340	15,065	15,280	29.6	30.3	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,695	27,875	30,820	57.2	56.1	58.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,260	17,040	16,220	32.4	34.3	30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,025	7,100	1,925	8.8	14.3	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,560	1,460	1,100	2.5	2.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,455	5,640	825	6.3	11.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,495	8,555	11,940	20.0	17.2	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,745	1,385	2,355	3.7	2.8	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,440	10,835	14,600	24.8	21.8	27.6
Bachelor's degree	18,785	7,755	11,030	18.3	15.6	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,355	500	855	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	630	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	4,070	1,960	2,115	4.0	3.9	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	595	330	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,020	32,955	35,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,210	2,765	2,445	7.7	8.4	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,190	8,715	8,480	25.3	26.4	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,615	21,480	24,135	67.1	65.2	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,285	12,980	12,305	37.2	39.4	35.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,650	5,260	1,385	9.8	16.0	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,840	1,110	730	2.7	3.4	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,805	4,155	655	7.1	12.6	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,780	6,675	9,110	23.2	20.3	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,855	1,040	1,815	4.2	3.2	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,330	8,500	11,830	29.9	25.8	33.7
Bachelor's degree	15,010	6,125	8,890	22.1	18.6	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,040	370	670	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	230	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	3,295	1,520	1,770	4.8	4.6	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	255	215	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,860	21,820	22,040	42.8	43.9	41.7
Education	4,925	1,180	3,750	4.8	2.4	7.1
13. Education	4,925	1,180	3,750	4.8	2.4	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,365	535	830	1.3	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	135	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,200	410	795	1.2	0.8	1.5
Humanities	2,015	795	1,220	2.0	1.6	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	40	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	425	115	305	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	600	220	380	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,705	1,890	3,820	5.6	3.8	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	690	290	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	925	45	870	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	995	330	660	1.0	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,195	340	850	1.2	0.7	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,785	850	935	1.7	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	12,345	4,805	7,550	12.0	9.7	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	120	505	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,720	4,680	7,040	11.4	9.4	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,265	1,100	1,165	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	790	315	475	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	730	340	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	515	340	175	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,995	1,210	785	1.9	2.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,645	1,095	555	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	155	20	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,770	12,605	1,160	13.4	25.4	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	410	265	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,590	2,245	350	2.5	4.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,815	3,360	460	3.7	6.8	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,295	3,210	90	3.2	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,245	75	2.3	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,330	1,290	45	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	975	475	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	600	245	355	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	225	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	10,240	1,805	8,440	10.0	3.6	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	350	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,360	1,365	7,995	9.1	2.7	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,065	1,465	1,600	3.0	2.9	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,680	425	1,255	1.6	0.9	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	775	495	285	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	480	55	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,020	32,955	35,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,405	11,480	10,925	32.9	34.8	31.2
Education	3,435	855	2,585	5.0	2.6	7.4
13. Education	3,435	855	2,585	5.0	2.6	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,110	430	685	1.6	1.3	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	345	660	1.5	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,530	585	950	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	30	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	325	90	235	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	160	290	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,705	1,545	3,160	6.9	4.7	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	630	270	360	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	40	735	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	835	250	585	1.2	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	940	285	655	1.4	0.9	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,435	680	750	2.1	2.1	2.1
Business, management and public administration	9,785	3,755	6,030	14.4	11.4	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	75	400	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,300	3,675	5,630	13.7	11.2	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,720	850	865	2.5	2.6	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	640	260	380	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	265	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	365	235	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,670	1,030	640	2.5	3.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,430	935	495	2.1	2.8	1.4
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,500	9,490	1,010	15.4	28.8	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	310	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,060	1,745	315	3.0	5.3	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,865	2,485	380	4.2	7.5	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,545	2,455	90	3.7	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,740	1,670	65	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	985	945	40	1.4	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	725	310	420	1.1	0.9	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	125	310	0.6	0.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	190	110	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	8,020	1,450	6,565	11.8	4.4	18.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	270	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,330	1,110	6,225	10.8	3.4	17.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,400	1,175	1,220	3.5	3.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,260	335	920	1.9	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	700	445	255	1.0	1.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	340	35	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	68,020	32,955	35,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,405	11,480	10,925	32.9	34.8	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,615	21,480	24,135	67.1	65.2	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	37,865	17,975	19,890	55.7	54.5	56.7
Same as province or territory of residence	30,980	14,560	16,420	45.5	44.2	46.8
Different than province or territory of residence	6,885	3,420	3,470	10.1	10.4	9.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,745	3,500	4,245	11.4	10.6	12.1
Americas	1,280	650	635	1.9	2.0	1.8
United States of America	850	425	425	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mexico	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,340	680	660	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	440	220	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	800	395	405	1.2	1.2	1.2
Nigeria	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	465	260	205	0.7	0.8	0.6
Asia	4,135	1,660	2,475	6.1	5.0	7.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	175	80	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Turkey	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	215	70	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,145	830	1,315	3.2	2.5	3.8
Viet Nam	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	480	210	265	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistan	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	415	180	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
Oceania	190	115	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,555	49,695	52,860	...	...	...
In the labour force	69,060	35,650	33,410	...	...	...
Employed	61,755	31,985	29,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,305	3,660	3,645	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,495	14,045	19,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.3	71.7	63.2	67.3	71.7	63.2
Employment rate	60.2	64.4	56.3	60.2	64.4	56.3
Unemployment rate	10.6	10.3	10.9	10.6	10.3	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,555	49,695	52,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,000	14,960	20,040	34.1	30.1	37.9
Worked	67,555	34,735	32,815	65.9	69.9	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,030	20,665	16,365	36.1	41.6	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,530	14,075	16,450	29.8	28.3	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.5	41.3	42.0	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	69,060	35,650	33,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,095	1,025	1,070	3.0	2.9	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,965	34,625	32,340	97.0	97.1	96.8
Employee	58,320	29,375	28,945	84.4	82.4	86.6
Permanent position	48,745	24,660	24,075	70.6	69.2	72.0
Temporary position	9,580	4,710	4,870	13.9	13.2	14.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,040	1,415	1,630	4.4	4.0	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,540	3,295	3,245	9.5	9.2	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,645	5,250	3,395	12.5	14.7	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	69,060	35,650	33,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,095	1,025	1,070	3.0	2.9	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,965	34,625	32,340	97.0	97.1	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	695	500	195	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,930	3,430	8,500	17.3	9.6	25.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,895	3,935	960	7.1	11.0	2.9
3 Health occupations	6,305	1,110	5,195	9.1	3.1	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,300	3,645	5,660	13.5	10.2	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,395	545	850	2.0	1.5	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,560	7,330	9,230	24.0	20.6	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,015	11,930	1,080	18.8	33.5	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	980	770	210	1.4	2.2	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,890	1,435	460	2.7	4.0	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	69,060	35,650	33,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,095	1,025	1,070	3.0	2.9	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	66,965	34,625	32,340	97.0	97.1	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	295	165	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,365	1,225	145	2.0	3.4	0.4
22 Utilities	730	485	245	1.1	1.4	0.7
23 Construction	6,790	5,805	990	9.8	16.3	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,135	2,355	780	4.5	6.6	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,745	1,910	840	4.0	5.4	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,000	3,740	4,260	11.6	10.5	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,650	2,845	805	5.3	8.0	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	890	565	325	1.3	1.6	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	2,415	920	1,495	3.5	2.6	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,335	645	685	1.9	1.8	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,410	2,560	1,850	6.4	7.2	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,445	995	3.5	4.1	3.0
61 Educational services	5,045	1,435	3,615	7.3	4.0	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	9,460	1,725	7,735	13.7	4.8	23.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,105	525	580	1.6	1.5	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,600	1,405	2,200	5.2	3.9	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,995	1,345	1,650	4.3	3.8	4.9
91 Public administration	6,420	3,475	2,945	9.3	9.7	8.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,430	37,110	35,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,910	36,075	33,840	96.5	97.2	95.8
French	150	40	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	230	80	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	830	300	530	1.1	0.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,225	570	655	1.7	1.5	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,430	37,110	35,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,095	36,960	35,135	99.5	99.6	99.5
Official languages	71,705	36,825	34,880	99.0	99.2	98.8
English	71,420	36,760	34,660	98.6	99.1	98.1
French	280	60	225	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	390	135	255	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	135	250	0.5	0.4	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese languages	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	335	150	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	115	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	215	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,430	37,110	35,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,590	36,335	34,250	97.5	97.9	97.0
English	265	65	200	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	595	235	365	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	860	405	455	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	840	390	445	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,755	31,985	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,870	5,680	7,190	20.8	17.8	24.2
Worked outside Canada	105	95	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,950	6,650	2,305	14.5	20.8	7.7
Usual place of work	39,830	19,565	20,270	64.5	61.2	68.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,830	19,565	20,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,590	10,030	13,560	59.2	51.3	66.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,060	8,655	6,410	37.8	44.2	31.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	940	705	235	2.4	3.6	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	235	170	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,780	26,210	22,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	44,685	24,335	20,350	91.6	92.8	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,875	23,275	18,600	85.8	88.8	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,810	1,060	1,750	5.8	4.0	7.8
Public transit	1,595	640	955	3.3	2.4	4.2
Walked	1,190	495	695	2.4	1.9	3.1
Bicycle	215	175	45	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	1,095	570	525	2.2	2.2	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,780	26,210	22,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,090	5,495	7,600	26.8	21.0	33.7
15 to 29 minutes	21,155	11,560	9,600	43.4	44.1	42.5
30 to 44 minutes	10,745	6,600	4,140	22.0	25.2	18.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,160	1,475	680	4.4	5.6	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,630	1,085	555	3.3	4.1	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,780	26,210	22,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,045	2,295	750	6.2	8.8	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,285	5,885	3,395	19.0	22.5	15.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,010	7,355	6,655	28.7	28.1	29.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,630	3,975	4,655	17.7	15.2	20.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,245	2,615	3,630	12.8	10.0	16.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,565	4,075	3,485	15.5	15.5	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,170	15,940	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,725	1,355	1,370	8.7	8.5	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,445	14,585	13,855	91.3	91.5	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,025	11,805	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,025	1,015	1,010	8.8	8.6	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	995	475	520	4.3	4.0	4.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,030	540	485	4.5	4.6	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,005	10,785	10,215	91.2	91.4	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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