Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	YellowheadMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	99,218	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,984^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.7	...	...	- 2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,360	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,403	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	77,133.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,220	51,045	48,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,225	9,355	8,870	18.4	18.3	18.4
0 to 4 years	5,385	2,755	2,630	5.4	5.4	5.5
5 to 9 years	6,305	3,230	3,075	6.4	6.3	6.4
10 to 14 years	6,535	3,375	3,160	6.6	6.6	6.6
15 to 64 years	63,830	32,950	30,885	64.3	64.6	64.1
15 to 19 years	5,710	2,990	2,720	5.8	5.9	5.6
20 to 24 years	4,720	2,555	2,165	4.8	5.0	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,505	2,895	2,610	5.5	5.7	5.4
30 to 34 years	6,330	3,200	3,130	6.4	6.3	6.5
35 to 39 years	6,705	3,395	3,305	6.8	6.7	6.9
40 to 44 years	6,240	3,200	3,040	6.3	6.3	6.3
45 to 49 years	6,170	3,180	2,990	6.2	6.2	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,460	3,290	3,175	6.5	6.4	6.6
55 to 59 years	7,930	4,030	3,895	8.0	7.9	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,065	4,215	3,850	8.1	8.3	8.0
65 years and over	17,160	8,745	8,420	17.3	17.1	17.5
65 to 69 years	6,245	3,275	2,970	6.3	6.4	6.2
70 to 74 years	4,465	2,300	2,160	4.5	4.5	4.5
75 to 79 years	2,940	1,525	1,415	3.0	3.0	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,885	935	955	1.9	1.8	2.0
85 years and over	1,625	700	920	1.6	1.4	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,040	510	530	1.0	1.0	1.1
90 to 94 years	495	175	320	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.4	18.3	18.4	18.4	18.3	18.4
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.6	64.1	64.3	64.6	64.1
65 years and over	17.3	17.1	17.5	17.3	17.1	17.5
85 years and over	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
Average age of the population	41.2	41.0	41.4	41.2	41.0	41.4
Median age of the population	42.0	41.6	42.0	42.0	41.6	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,255	...	...	71.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,110	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	1,200	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,820	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5,665	...	...	14.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,145	...	...	25.7	...	...
2 persons	15,480	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	5,380	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	4,930	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,465	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	96,490	49,580	46,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,990	41,690	39,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,850	24,980	24,875	61.6	59.9	63.3
Married	39,750	19,945	19,805	49.1	47.8	50.4
Living common-law	10,100	5,030	5,065	12.5	12.1	12.9
Living common law - Never married	6,905	3,460	3,440	8.5	8.3	8.8
Living common law - Separated	500	250	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,395	1,210	1,190	3.0	2.9	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	300	110	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	31,140	16,710	14,425	38.4	40.1	36.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,740	11,800	7,935	24.4	28.3	20.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,085	1,050	1,035	2.6	2.5	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,025	2,675	2,345	6.2	6.4	6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,295	1,190	3,110	5.3	2.9	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,710	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	5,235	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	4,655	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,675	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,325	...	...	86.0	...	...
Married couples	19,275	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,750	...	...	30.9	...	...
Without children	10,525	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	5,045	...	...	17.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,155	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	2,890	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,950	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,750	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,200	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	96,490	49,575	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,470	40,435	40,030	83.4	81.6	85.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,650	24,295	24,355	50.4	49.0	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,950	1,205	2,750	4.1	2.4	5.9
Children⁶	27,865	14,935	12,930	28.9	30.1	27.6
In a two-parent family	21,490	11,365	10,120	22.3	22.9	21.6
In a one-parent family	6,380	3,570	2,810	6.6	7.2	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,020	9,145	6,880	16.6	18.4	14.7
Living alone	10,145	5,805	4,340	10.5	11.7	9.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,110	1,080	1,030	2.2	2.2	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,760	2,250	1,515	3.9	4.5	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,210	...	...	64.0	...	...
Couple-family households	22,410	...	...	56.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,970	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	12,440	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,805	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,290	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,665	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	10,145	...	...	25.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	78,470	40,330	38,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,135	38,770	36,365	95.7	96.1	95.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	55,200	33,200	42,000	55,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,165	38,790	36,380	95.8	96.2	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,400	30,800	38,000	48,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,850	35,500	31,350	85.2	88.0	82.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	51,200	25,200	36,400	51,200	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,045	30,400	25,650	71.4	75.4	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	52,800	26,400	36,800	52,800	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,355	33,340	32,020	83.3	82.7	84.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,600	10,800	9,800	8,600	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,895	4,560	4,335	11.3	11.3	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,760	5,680	5,720	5,760	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,395	10,850	10,550	27.3	26.9	27.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	9,000	8,500	8,500	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	78,525	40,265	38,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,145	38,630	36,510	95.7	95.9	95.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,400	68,300	41,800	55,400	68,300	41,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,180	38,660	36,525	95.7	96.0	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,440	55,800	36,520	46,440	55,800	36,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,215	35,425	31,790	85.6	88.0	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	64,600	35,840	51,000	64,600	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,025	30,205	25,820	71.3	75.0	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,040	62,650	35,240	50,040	62,650	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,170	33,050	32,120	83.0	82.1	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	10,600	12,020	11,300	10,600	12,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,665	4,540	4,130	11.0	11.3	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,750	7,070	6,900	6,750	7,070
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,130	10,645	10,485	26.9	26.4	27.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	9,100	9,470	9,280	9,100	9,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	78,525	40,265	38,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,455	13,910	9,545	29.9	34.5	24.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	85,000	54,000	70,000	85,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,500	89,000	58,300	76,500	89,000	58,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,460	12,000	12,460	31.1	29.8	32.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	34,400	17,600	22,800	34,400	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,400	47,320	23,960	35,400	47,320	23,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.8	74.6	82.4	86.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	59.6	67.4	71.8	59.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	13.3	25.3	17.7	13.3	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.9	1.4	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.0	7.5	5.3	4.0	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	6.5	4.7	3.7	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	78,470	40,330	38,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,335	1,560	1,775	4.3	3.9	4.7
With total income	75,140	38,770	36,365	95.8	96.1	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,945	2,565	4,380	9.2	6.6	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,190	2,970	5,220	10.9	7.7	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,795	5,030	6,765	15.7	13.0	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,100	3,820	5,280	12.1	9.9	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,585	3,440	4,145	10.1	8.9	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,795	2,935	2,855	7.7	7.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,845	2,680	2,160	6.4	6.9	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025	2,470	1,560	5.4	6.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	2,340	1,125	4.6	6.0	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,020	2,065	955	4.0	5.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	10,375	8,455	1,915	13.8	21.8	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	7,210	5,725	1,485	9.6	14.8	4.1
$150,000 and over	3,160	2,730	435	4.2	7.0	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	78,470	40,330	38,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,310	1,540	1,765	4.2	3.8	4.6
With after-tax income	75,165	38,785	36,375	95.8	96.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,225	2,660	4,565	9.6	6.9	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,465	3,095	5,375	11.3	8.0	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,320	5,615	7,700	17.7	14.5	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,465	4,560	5,905	13.9	11.8	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,495	4,145	4,345	11.3	10.7	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,670	3,730	2,935	8.9	9.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,380	3,400	1,980	7.2	8.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,315	2,940	1,375	5.7	7.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	2,445	915	4.5	6.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305	1,815	490	3.1	4.7	1.3
$100,000 and over	5,180	4,375	805	6.9	11.3	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,910	2,430	475	3.9	6.3	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,265	1,945	325	3.0	5.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	78,470	40,330	38,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,430	9,935	12,495	28.6	24.6	32.8
With employment income	56,045	30,395	25,645	71.4	75.4	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,835	4,240	4,595	15.8	13.9	17.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,290	1,765	2,525	7.7	5.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,380	2,645	3,740	11.4	8.7	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,100	2,035	3,060	9.1	6.7	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,800	2,115	2,690	8.6	7.0	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,050	1,920	2,135	7.2	6.3	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,505	1,755	1,745	6.3	5.8	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	1,800	1,385	5.7	5.9	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,785	1,825	960	5.0	6.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500	1,730	765	4.5	5.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,460	1,670	790	4.4	5.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	8,155	6,895	1,260	14.6	22.7	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,835	3,035	795	6.8	10.0	3.1
$125,000 and over	4,320	3,860	465	7.7	12.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	78,470	40,330	38,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,995	38,130	35,870	94.3	94.5	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	59,600	31,000	42,000	59,600	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,035	38,130	35,910	94.3	94.5	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	51,200	29,000	38,000	51,200	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,770	35,425	31,340	85.1	87.8	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	59,200	28,600	40,800	59,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,795	30,775	26,025	72.4	76.3	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	61,600	29,600	41,200	61,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,320	31,915	30,400	79.4	79.1	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040	1,110	5,840	3,040	1,110	5,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,120	3,015	3,105	7.8	7.5	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,880	6,200	6,000	5,880	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	78,525	40,265	38,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,205	38,095	36,110	94.5	94.6	94.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,700	70,900	39,640	55,700	70,900	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,230	38,100	36,130	94.5	94.6	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	57,200	34,560	46,160	57,200	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,080	35,345	31,745	85.4	87.8	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	70,200	37,040	54,500	70,200	37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,910	30,685	26,225	72.5	76.2	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,350	69,000	37,280	54,350	69,000	37,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,235	31,795	30,440	79.3	79.0	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,930	8,430	7,660	6,930	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,170	3,015	3,160	7.9	7.5	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,050	8,130	7,600	7,050	8,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	78,525	40,265	38,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,320	13,860	9,455	29.7	34.4	24.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	87,000	52,400	69,500	87,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800	90,300	56,950	76,800	90,300	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,520	11,655	11,865	30.0	28.9	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	49,600	23,800	31,400	49,600	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,240	60,950	29,800	45,240	60,950	29,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	91.8	82.0	88.4	91.8	82.0
Employment income (%)	74.8	78.4	68.2	74.8	78.4	68.2
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.2	17.9	11.5	8.2	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.8	1.1	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,500	...	...	58,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,760	...	...	48,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	550	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,370	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,505	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,110	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,430	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,495	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,510	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,565	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,290	...	...	43.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,850	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,855	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,830	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,755	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	395	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	575	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,445	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,665	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,310	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,560	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,695	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,525	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,140	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,575	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,655	...	...	34.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,320	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,525	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,815	...	...	12.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,910	8,060	5,850	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	47,200	34,800	40,800	47,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...	149,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,100	...	...	68,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,890	8,025	5,870	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,000	60,350	47,760	55,000	60,350	47,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,160	49,920	41,080	46,160	49,920	41,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	96,490	49,575	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,545	11,090	10,460	22.3	22.4	22.3
0 to 5 years	6,495	3,320	3,175	6.7	6.7	6.8
18 to 64 years	58,955	30,205	28,750	61.1	60.9	61.3
65 years and over	15,990	8,285	7,705	16.6	16.7	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,430	5,125	5,305	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,715	1,350	1,365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	845	385	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,615	2,765	2,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,100	1,005	1,090	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.3	11.3	10.8	10.3	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6	12.2	13.0	12.6	12.2	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.0	11.6	14.4	13.0	11.6	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.2	9.9	9.5	9.2	9.9
65 years and over (%)	13.1	12.1	14.2	13.1	12.1	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,270	47,900	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,315	10,450	9,865	21.8	21.8	21.7
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,135	3,005	6.6	6.5	6.6
18 to 64 years	57,140	29,255	27,885	61.3	61.1	61.5
65 years and over	15,820	8,195	7,625	17.0	17.1	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,710	1,435	1,270	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	240	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	60	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,925	1,040	890	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	155	95	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.3	3.0	2.6	2.3	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.0	3.1	2.6	2.0	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.9	1.2	1.6	1.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	96,495	49,575	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,090	23,480	23,610	48.8	47.4	50.3
In bottom decile	9,030	4,575	4,460	9.4	9.2	9.5
In second decile	10,045	4,755	5,295	10.4	9.6	11.3
In third decile	9,415	4,725	4,685	9.8	9.5	10.0
In fourth decile	9,105	4,600	4,505	9.4	9.3	9.6
In fifth decile	9,495	4,830	4,665	9.8	9.7	9.9
In top half of the distribution	49,395	26,095	23,305	51.2	52.6	49.7
In sixth decile	9,720	5,040	4,680	10.1	10.2	10.0
In seventh decile	9,800	5,090	4,705	10.2	10.3	10.0
In eighth decile	10,135	5,310	4,825	10.5	10.7	10.3
In ninth decile	10,440	5,585	4,855	10.8	11.3	10.3
In top decile	9,305	5,070	4,235	9.6	10.2	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	96,490	...	...	96,490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,125	50,470	47,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	93,445	48,240	45,205	95.2	95.6	94.8
French only	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,490	2,135	2,355	4.6	4.2	4.9
Neither English nor French	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,125	50,470	47,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,505	49,610	46,895	98.3	98.3	98.4
French	1,380	740	645	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,125	50,470	47,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,440	49,620	46,820	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	90,005	46,515	43,490	91.7	92.2	91.3
English	88,460	45,685	42,775	90.2	90.5	89.8
French	1,545	830	720	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	6,430	3,105	3,325	6.6	6.2	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	405	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	525	265	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	280	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	260	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assiniboine	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,625	2,695	2,935	5.7	5.3	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,430	605	830	1.5	1.2	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,190	500	690	1.2	1.0	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,335	1,640	1,695	3.4	3.2	3.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	360	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	775	355	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,660	815	840	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,045	520	525	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	970	485	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	530	250	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	345	165	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	450	255	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	425	240	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	165	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,690	850	835	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,165	595	570	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,125	50,470	47,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,685	46,800	43,875	92.4	92.7	92.1
French	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	960	470	490	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	895	440	460	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	835	420	420	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	5,205	2,550	2,655	5.3	5.1	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,125	50,470	47,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,040	49,925	47,115	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	94,405	48,605	45,800	96.2	96.3	96.1
English	94,040	48,415	45,625	95.8	95.9	95.7
French	365	190	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	2,635	1,320	1,315	2.7	2.6	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,405	1,210	1,200	2.5	2.4	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	820	395	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	340	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,080	565	520	1.1	1.1	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	405	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	265	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	345	200	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	330	190	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,085	540	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	910	450	460	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,130	50,470	47,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,805	47,865	44,935	94.6	94.8	94.3
English	1,500	755	740	1.5	1.5	1.6
French	575	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	2,660	1,255	1,405	2.7	2.5	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	750	375	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-Indigenous	1,910	880	1,035	1.9	1.7	2.2
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	96,575	49,510	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	96,370	49,410	46,960	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	96,340	49,390	46,950	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	4,435	2,060	2,380	4.6	4.2	5.1
Non-official languages	9,605	4,635	4,980	9.9	9.4	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,870	920	950	1.9	1.9	2.0
Algonquian languages	1,290	635	655	1.3	1.3	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	985	480	505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	980	475	505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	840	395	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	580	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	580	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	505	255	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	640	335	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assiniboine	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakota	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	550	285	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,755	3,725	4,035	8.0	7.5	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,055	875	1,180	2.1	1.8	2.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,995	860	1,135	2.1	1.7	2.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,355	2,165	2,190	4.5	4.4	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	875	455	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	875	455	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	260	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	300	175	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,025	970	1,055	2.1	2.0	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,315	620	695	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	1,260	590	675	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	650	325	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	390	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	570	325	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	530	300	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	280	170	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	880	420	460	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	675	305	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	340	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,575	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,100	5,980	6,125	12.5	12.1	13.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,765	5,825	5,940	12.2	11.8	12.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,990	3,030	2,955	6.2	6.1	6.3
Métis	5,635	2,730	2,905	5.8	5.5	6.2
Inuk (Inuit)	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	145	70	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	84,470	43,525	40,945	87.5	87.9	87.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,575	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,130	2,610	2,520	5.3	5.3	5.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,440	46,900	44,545	94.7	94.7	94.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,830	...	...	78.1	...	...
Renter	7,895	...	...	20.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	780	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,060	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not condominium	37,445	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,635	...	...	6.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,910	...	...	20.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,085	...	...	38.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,725	...	...	34.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,420	...	...	18.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,880	...	...	19.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,490	...	...	16.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,670	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,035	...	...	30.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,850	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	660	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,025	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,475	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,310	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,660	...	...	32.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,870	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,195	...	...	15.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,710	...	...	6.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,420	...	...	8.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,660	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,675	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,920	...	...	90.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,580	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,540	...	...	52.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,640	...	...	44.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,320	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,155	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,235	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,635	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,040	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,115	...	...	23.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,480	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,025	...	...	7.7	...	...
85 years and over	820	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,100	...	...	82.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,195	...	...	17.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,610	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,220	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,450	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,120	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,635	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,285	...	...	74.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,265	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not in core need	31,440	...	...	88.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,670	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.4	...	...	58.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	367,200	...	...	367,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.6	...	...	27.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,137	...	...	1,137	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	780	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	242	...	...	242	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	243	...	...	243	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	96,570	49,505	47,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,075	3,090	2,985	6.3	6.2	6.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,995	3,065	2,930	6.2	6.2	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,715	2,420	2,295	4.9	4.9	4.9
Métis single ancestry	1,255	620	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,320	3,565	3,755	7.6	7.2	8.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,085	3,455	3,635	7.3	7.0	7.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,885	1,905	1,985	4.0	3.8	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,085	1,500	1,585	3.2	3.0	3.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	83,175	42,850	40,325	86.1	86.6	85.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	96,570	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	93,180	47,940	45,240	96.5	96.8	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,225	10,920	10,310	22.0	22.1	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,955	37,025	34,935	74.5	74.8	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,390	1,565	1,825	3.5	3.2	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	96,570	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	89,010	45,885	43,120	92.2	92.7	91.6
Immigrants⁸¹	6,935	3,305	3,625	7.2	6.7	7.7
Before 1980	1,980	1,035	940	2.1	2.1	2.0
1980 to 1990	600	260	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
1991 to 2000	665	310	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,070	485	585	1.1	1.0	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,620	1,210	1,405	2.7	2.4	3.0
2011 to 2015	1,205	555	655	1.2	1.1	1.4
2016 to 2021	1,410	660	755	1.5	1.3	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	630	315	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,930	3,305	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	715	395	320	10.3	12.0	8.8
5 to 14 years	1,360	805	555	19.6	24.4	15.3
15 to 24 years	1,180	500	675	17.0	15.1	18.6
25 to 44 years	3,140	1,380	1,760	45.3	41.8	48.5
45 years and over	540	220	315	7.8	6.7	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,930	3,305	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	885	410	470	12.8	12.4	12.9
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	40	15	0.8	1.2	0.4
Mexico	45	25	25	0.6	0.8	0.7
Peru	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	615	280	335	8.9	8.5	9.2
Other places of birth in Americas	85	30	55	1.2	0.9	1.5
Europe	2,680	1,365	1,315	38.7	41.3	36.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	55	35	15	0.8	1.1	0.4
France	30	25	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Germany	570	285	285	8.2	8.6	7.9
Greece	60	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hungary	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Italy	45	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Netherlands	335	205	130	4.8	6.2	3.6
Poland	120	55	65	1.7	1.7	1.8
Portugal	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Romania	40	15	30	0.6	0.5	0.8
Russian Federation	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	940	435	500	13.6	13.2	13.8
Other places of birth in Europe	390	205	190	5.6	6.2	5.2
Africa	490	245	250	7.1	7.4	6.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ethiopia	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	230	100	130	3.3	3.0	3.6
Other places of birth in Africa	155	85	75	2.2	2.6	2.1
Asia	2,730	1,225	1,510	39.4	37.1	41.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	35	35	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	200	110	95	2.9	3.3	2.6
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,805	745	1,060	26.0	22.5	29.2
Viet Nam	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	295	165	135	4.3	5.0	3.7
Pakistan	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	165	60	105	2.4	1.8	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	60	80	2.0	1.8	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,415	655	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	45	50	6.7	6.9	6.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Mexico	20	15	10	1.4	2.3	1.3
United States of America	35	15	25	2.5	2.3	3.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.6
Europe	155	75	80	11.0	11.5	10.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	20	3.9	6.1	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	30	3.9	4.6	4.0
Africa	125	55	65	8.8	8.4	8.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	50	55	7.1	7.6	7.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,010	465	545	71.4	71.0	72.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	100	75	12.0	15.3	9.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	5.3	5.3	5.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	680	310	370	48.1	47.3	49.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	20	2.5	1.5	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	35	10	20	2.5	1.5	2.6
Australia	20	10	10	1.4	1.5	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	96,575	49,510	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,110	3,860	4,255	8.4	7.8	9.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,245	6,325	5,920	12.7	12.8	12.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,220	39,320	36,895	78.9	79.4	78.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,955	2,270	2,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,410	1,720	1,695	68.8	75.8	63.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,550	905	650	31.3	39.9	24.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,860	815	1,045	37.5	35.9	38.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,305	430	875	26.3	18.9	32.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	220	115	105	4.4	5.1	3.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,955	2,270	2,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	40	45	1.7	1.8	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,625	710	915	32.8	31.3	34.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	115	75	3.7	5.1	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	210	105	105	4.2	4.6	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	25	0.6	0.0	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,820	1,290	1,530	56.9	56.8	57.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	96,575	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,275	2,540	2,735	5.5	5.1	5.8
South Asian	745	400	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	595	310	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	2,440	1,115	1,330	2.5	2.3	2.8
Arab	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
West Asian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	345	170	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,295	46,965	44,330	94.5	94.9	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	96,575	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,000	8,350	7,650	16.6	16.9	16.3
English	23,185	11,595	11,595	24.0	23.4	24.6
Irish	16,650	8,150	8,495	17.2	16.5	18.0
Scottish	18,700	9,495	9,205	19.4	19.2	19.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,040	5,475	5,560	11.4	11.1	11.8
German	20,215	10,095	10,120	20.9	20.4	21.5
Chinese	375	170	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,710	845	865	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indian (India)	555	310	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukrainian	9,485	4,830	4,660	9.8	9.8	9.9
Dutch	5,585	2,750	2,830	5.8	5.6	6.0
Polish	4,755	2,445	2,310	4.9	4.9	4.9
Québécois	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,970	1,440	1,530	3.1	2.9	3.3
Filipino	2,210	1,025	1,185	2.3	2.1	2.5
French Canadian	765	390	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,570	790	780	1.6	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,330	1,665	1,665	3.4	3.4	3.5
Métis	4,655	2,265	2,385	4.8	4.6	5.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,500	775	725	1.6	1.6	1.5
Russian	2,410	1,280	1,130	2.5	2.6	2.4
Norwegian	5,715	2,800	2,915	5.9	5.7	6.2
Welsh	2,225	1,125	1,100	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portuguese	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,065	1,050	1,020	2.1	2.1	2.2
Spanish	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	3,545	1,710	1,835	3.7	3.5	3.9
Hungarian	1,180	590	590	1.2	1.2	1.3
Acadian	230	155	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,815	1,350	1,465	2.9	2.7	3.1
Korean	350	165	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	700	290	410	0.7	0.6	0.9
Lebanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,490	735	755	1.5	1.5	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,125	540	585	1.2	1.1	1.2
Sikh	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	920	490	435	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belgian	675	360	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	760	390	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	880	420	460	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	875	470	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	470	255	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	940	505	435	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ghanaian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	600	295	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	96,575	49,505	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	42,910	20,610	22,305	44.4	41.6	47.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,990	4,385	4,610	9.3	8.9	9.8
Anabaptist	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	2,140	910	1,235	2.2	1.8	2.6
Baptist	1,510	680	830	1.6	1.4	1.8
Catholic	15,015	7,595	7,420	15.5	15.3	15.8
Christian Orthodox	560	300	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	645	260	380	0.7	0.5	0.8
Latter Day Saints	665	335	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lutheran	2,925	1,380	1,550	3.0	2.8	3.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	110	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,165	545	625	1.2	1.1	1.3
Presbyterian	760	370	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
Reformed	430	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Church	4,655	2,015	2,640	4.8	4.1	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,030	1,460	1,570	3.1	2.9	3.3
Hindu	355	200	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	340	170	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,430	710	720	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	960	380	580	1.0	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	50,230	27,275	22,955	52.0	55.1	48.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	95,615	49,050	46,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,970	43,670	41,295	88.9	89.0	88.7
Movers	10,645	5,375	5,270	11.1	11.0	11.3
Non-migrants	5,450	2,715	2,735	5.7	5.5	5.9
Migrants	5,200	2,660	2,540	5.4	5.4	5.5
Internal migrants	5,005	2,550	2,455	5.2	5.2	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,955	2,010	1,945	4.1	4.1	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,045	540	510	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	91,225	46,755	44,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,810	31,010	28,800	65.6	66.3	64.8
Movers	31,415	15,745	15,670	34.4	33.7	35.2
Non-migrants	10,425	5,320	5,110	11.4	11.4	11.5
Migrants	20,990	10,425	10,560	23.0	22.3	23.7
Internal migrants	19,940	9,930	10,010	21.9	21.2	22.5
Intraprovincial migrants	16,565	8,275	8,290	18.2	17.7	18.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,375	1,655	1,720	3.7	3.5	3.9
External migrants	1,050	495	550	1.2	1.1	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,525	40,265	38,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,400	12,115	8,280	26.0	30.1	21.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,125	28,150	29,980	74.0	69.9	78.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,170	26,355	25,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,125	6,255	3,870	19.4	23.7	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,050	20,100	21,940	80.6	76.3	85.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,525	40,260	38,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,330	9,900	7,430	22.1	24.6	19.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,915	12,310	13,605	33.0	30.6	35.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,275	18,050	17,225	44.9	44.8	45.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,035	14,910	12,130	34.4	37.0	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,825	8,770	2,055	13.8	21.8	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,570	1,475	1,090	3.3	3.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,255	7,295	965	10.5	18.1	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,325	5,580	8,740	18.2	13.9	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,890	560	1,330	2.4	1.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,240	3,140	5,100	10.5	7.8	13.3
Bachelor's degree	6,280	2,265	4,015	8.0	5.6	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	480	190	290	0.6	0.5	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	165	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,060	470	595	1.3	1.2	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,170	26,360	25,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,265	4,925	3,345	15.8	18.7	13.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,070	8,120	8,950	32.7	30.8	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,830	13,315	13,520	51.4	50.5	52.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,325	11,000	9,325	39.0	41.7	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,045	6,515	1,535	15.4	24.7	5.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,800	1,040	765	3.5	3.9	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,245	5,475	770	12.0	20.8	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,870	4,060	6,810	20.8	15.4	26.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,410	425	980	2.7	1.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,510	2,310	4,200	12.5	8.8	16.3
Bachelor's degree	5,035	1,700	3,335	9.7	6.4	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	330	130	200	0.6	0.5	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	820	325	490	1.6	1.2	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,525	40,260	38,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,245	22,210	21,035	55.1	55.2	55.0
Education	2,605	550	2,055	3.3	1.4	5.4
13. Education	2,605	550	2,055	3.3	1.4	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	175	385	0.7	0.4	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	475	115	360	0.6	0.3	0.9
Humanities	885	400	485	1.1	1.0	1.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	155	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	45	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	180	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,285	500	1,785	2.9	1.2	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	30	760	1.0	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	310	45	265	0.4	0.1	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	390	85	300	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	495	240	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	5,360	1,315	4,045	6.8	3.3	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	70	370	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,890	1,245	3,640	6.2	3.1	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	795	330	465	1.0	0.8	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	110	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	125	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	655	335	315	0.8	0.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	515	285	230	0.7	0.7	0.6
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,140	11,335	800	15.5	28.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	685	560	125	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,790	2,420	365	3.6	6.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,155	3,060	95	4.0	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,565	3,455	110	4.5	8.6	0.3
48. Precision production	1,860	1,790	70	2.4	4.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,000	1,105	895	2.5	2.7	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,125	545	580	1.4	1.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	875	560	315	1.1	1.4	0.8
Health and related fields	5,075	660	4,410	6.5	1.6	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	145	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,665	470	4,195	5.9	1.2	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,920	1,335	1,585	3.7	3.3	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,565	250	1,315	2.0	0.6	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	280	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	875	805	70	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,170	26,355	25,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,335	13,045	12,295	48.6	49.5	47.6
Education	1,780	310	1,465	3.4	1.2	5.7
13. Education	1,780	310	1,465	3.4	1.2	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	110	300	0.8	0.4	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	350	75	275	0.7	0.3	1.1
Humanities	670	290	390	1.3	1.1	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	40	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	30	105	0.3	0.1	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	125	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,845	385	1,465	3.5	1.5	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	55	120	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	25	565	1.1	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	260	30	230	0.5	0.1	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	325	55	275	0.6	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	410	195	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	4,225	920	3,305	8.1	3.5	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	35	310	0.7	0.1	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,855	890	2,975	7.4	3.4	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	595	250	345	1.1	0.9	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	75	175	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	95	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485	270	215	0.9	1.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	245	180	0.8	0.9	0.7
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,230	8,545	690	17.7	32.4	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	595	485	110	1.1	1.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,215	1,910	310	4.2	7.2	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,240	2,160	80	4.3	8.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,670	2,580	95	5.1	9.8	0.4
48. Precision production	1,445	1,380	65	2.8	5.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,435	670	755	2.8	2.5	2.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	830	345	485	1.6	1.3	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	325	275	1.2	1.2	1.1
Health and related fields	3,915	535	3,380	7.5	2.0	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	100	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,610	400	3,210	6.9	1.5	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,235	1,025	1,210	4.3	3.9	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	200	990	2.3	0.8	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	380	225	160	0.7	0.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	600	60	1.3	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,170	26,355	25,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,335	13,045	12,295	48.6	49.5	47.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,835	13,310	13,520	51.4	50.5	52.4
Location of study inside Canada	24,160	12,205	11,955	46.3	46.3	46.3
Same as province or territory of residence	19,345	9,970	9,375	37.1	37.8	36.3
Different than province or territory of residence	4,815	2,235	2,585	9.2	8.5	10.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,675	1,110	1,565	5.1	4.2	6.1
Americas	440	190	250	0.8	0.7	1.0
United States of America	375	155	220	0.7	0.6	0.9
Mexico	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	545	225	315	1.0	0.9	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	180	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	145	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,440	585	855	2.8	2.2	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	140	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	930	330	605	1.8	1.3	2.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	240	130	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	115	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	78,525	40,260	38,265	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,090	27,880	23,210	...	...	...
Employed	45,035	24,320	20,715	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,055	3,560	2,495	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,435	12,380	15,055	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	69.2	60.7	65.1	69.2	60.7
Employment rate	57.4	60.4	54.1	57.4	60.4	54.1
Unemployment rate	11.9	12.8	10.7	11.9	12.8	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	78,525	40,260	38,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,345	12,515	14,825	34.8	31.1	38.7
Worked	51,185	27,745	23,435	65.2	68.9	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,675	14,645	10,030	31.4	36.4	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,510	13,100	13,410	33.8	32.5	35.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	40.5	39.2	39.9	40.5	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,090	27,880	23,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	680	510	2.3	2.4	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,910	27,200	22,705	97.7	97.6	97.8
Employee	39,870	21,065	18,810	78.0	75.6	81.0
Permanent position	33,125	17,880	15,240	64.8	64.1	65.7
Temporary position	6,750	3,180	3,565	13.2	11.4	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	585	845	2.8	2.1	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,320	2,605	2,715	10.4	9.3	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,035	6,135	3,900	19.6	22.0	16.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,090	27,880	23,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	680	510	2.3	2.4	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,910	27,200	22,705	97.7	97.6	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	340	205	135	0.7	0.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,370	1,080	5,285	12.5	3.9	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,090	1,560	530	4.1	5.6	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,000	375	2,630	5.9	1.3	11.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,120	1,130	2,995	8.1	4.1	12.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	730	230	505	1.4	0.8	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,350	3,805	7,545	22.2	13.6	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,265	12,035	1,225	26.0	43.2	5.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,610	4,140	1,475	11.0	14.8	6.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,030	2,645	380	5.9	9.5	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,090	27,880	23,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	680	510	2.3	2.4	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	49,910	27,200	22,705	97.7	97.6	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,765	2,325	1,440	7.4	8.3	6.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,660	4,795	865	11.1	17.2	3.7
22 Utilities	520	365	155	1.0	1.3	0.7
23 Construction	5,240	4,395	845	10.3	15.8	3.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,985	2,315	665	5.8	8.3	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,200	855	345	2.3	3.1	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,195	2,055	3,135	10.2	7.4	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,780	2,185	595	5.4	7.8	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	335	140	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	850	155	695	1.7	0.6	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	455	280	1.4	1.6	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,865	770	1,090	3.7	2.8	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,860	955	905	3.6	3.4	3.9
61 Educational services	2,315	435	1,880	4.5	1.6	8.1
62 Health care and social assistance	4,630	465	4,170	9.1	1.7	18.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,205	565	640	2.4	2.0	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,435	1,185	2,245	6.7	4.3	9.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,685	1,515	1,175	5.3	5.4	5.1
91 Public administration	2,625	1,270	1,360	5.1	4.6	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,520	29,935	25,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,640	29,550	25,090	98.4	98.7	98.0
French	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-official language	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	360	160	200	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	430	175	255	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,520	29,935	25,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,395	29,880	25,510	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	55,300	29,835	25,470	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	55,215	29,795	25,420	99.5	99.5	99.3
French	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,520	29,935	25,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,835	29,635	25,195	98.8	99.0	98.5
English	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	260	120	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	265	110	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,040	24,320	20,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,535	2,880	3,655	14.5	11.8	17.6
Worked outside Canada	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,195	7,360	1,835	20.4	30.3	8.9
Usual place of work	29,255	14,050	15,215	65.0	57.8	73.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,255	14,045	15,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,015	7,395	8,620	54.7	52.7	56.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,775	4,635	5,140	33.4	33.0	33.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,225	1,845	1,385	11.0	13.1	9.1
Commute to a different province or territory	245	175	70	0.8	1.2	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,455	21,405	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,815	19,675	15,135	90.5	91.9	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,985	18,850	14,135	85.8	88.1	82.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,825	825	1,000	4.7	3.9	5.9
Public transit	310	180	125	0.8	0.8	0.7
Walked	2,230	885	1,345	5.8	4.1	7.9
Bicycle	340	200	135	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other method	760	460	300	2.0	2.1	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,455	21,405	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,420	8,665	9,755	47.9	40.5	57.2
15 to 29 minutes	8,675	4,645	4,025	22.6	21.7	23.6
30 to 44 minutes	4,715	2,960	1,755	12.3	13.8	10.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,625	1,890	740	6.8	8.8	4.3
60 minutes and over	4,020	3,240	775	10.5	15.1	4.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,455	21,405	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,720	2,975	745	9.7	13.9	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,320	6,065	2,260	21.6	28.3	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,855	5,510	4,345	25.6	25.7	25.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,415	2,745	4,665	19.3	12.8	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,795	1,240	2,555	9.9	5.8	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,345	2,870	2,475	13.9	13.4	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,955	11,270	10,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,045	550	490	4.8	4.9	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,910	10,720	10,190	95.2	95.1	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,230	8,360	7,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	415	360	4.8	5.0	4.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	220	110	115	1.4	1.3	1.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	305	250	3.4	3.6	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,455	7,940	7,510	95.2	95.0	95.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table