Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Burnaby SouthMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,305	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,973	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,506	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,419	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,611.9	...	...	2,611.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	46.06	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,305	58,580	61,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,770	7,560	7,205	12.3	12.9	11.7
0 to 4 years	5,120	2,580	2,535	4.3	4.4	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,020	2,595	2,425	4.2	4.4	3.9
10 to 14 years	4,630	2,385	2,250	3.8	4.1	3.6
15 to 64 years	84,305	41,385	42,920	70.1	70.6	69.5
15 to 19 years	4,805	2,490	2,315	4.0	4.3	3.8
20 to 24 years	8,080	4,085	3,995	6.7	7.0	6.5
25 to 29 years	11,145	5,685	5,455	9.3	9.7	8.8
30 to 34 years	11,845	6,025	5,820	9.8	10.3	9.4
35 to 39 years	9,705	4,880	4,825	8.1	8.3	7.8
40 to 44 years	7,910	3,930	3,985	6.6	6.7	6.5
45 to 49 years	7,265	3,350	3,915	6.0	5.7	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,670	3,540	4,140	6.4	6.0	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,430	3,900	4,525	7.0	6.7	7.3
60 to 64 years	7,450	3,505	3,945	6.2	6.0	6.4
65 years and over	21,235	9,640	11,590	17.7	16.5	18.8
65 to 69 years	6,615	3,050	3,565	5.5	5.2	5.8
70 to 74 years	5,355	2,505	2,850	4.5	4.3	4.6
75 to 79 years	3,580	1,595	1,985	3.0	2.7	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,730	1,250	1,480	2.3	2.1	2.4
85 years and over	2,950	1,240	1,710	2.5	2.1	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,830	835	995	1.5	1.4	1.6
90 to 94 years	850	325	525	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	230	70	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.3	12.9	11.7	12.3	12.9	11.7
15 to 64 years	70.1	70.6	69.5	70.1	70.6	69.5
65 years and over	17.7	16.5	18.8	17.7	16.5	18.8
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.8
Average age of the population	42.1	41.0	43.1	42.1	41.0	43.1
Median age of the population	40.0	38.4	41.6	40.0	38.4	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,350	...	...	14.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,665	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	3,600	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,110	...	...	14.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,625	...	...	25.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	17,950	...	...	35.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,285	...	...	30.3	...	...
2 persons	17,075	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	8,460	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	6,070	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,530	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	119,145	58,090	61,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,535	51,025	54,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,980	29,325	29,655	55.9	57.5	54.4
Married	51,370	25,465	25,905	48.7	49.9	47.5
Living common-law	7,610	3,860	3,750	7.2	7.6	6.9
Living common law - Never married	6,270	3,180	3,090	5.9	6.2	5.7
Living common law - Separated	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	1,095	550	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	46,555	21,695	24,855	44.1	42.5	45.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,270	17,645	15,630	31.5	34.6	28.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,360	940	1,420	2.2	1.8	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,210	2,185	4,025	5.9	4.3	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,710	920	3,790	4.5	1.8	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,645	...	...	53.1	...	...
3 persons	8,180	...	...	24.6	...	...
4 persons	5,950	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,455	...	...	4.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,980	...	...	84.2	...	...
Married couples	24,175	...	...	72.8	...	...
With children⁶	13,190	...	...	39.7	...	...
Without children	10,985	...	...	33.1	...	...
Common-law couples	3,805	...	...	11.5	...	...
With children⁶	765	...	...	2.3	...	...
Without children	3,035	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,245	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,305	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	940	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,140	58,090	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,185	44,580	46,600	76.5	76.7	76.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,955	28,020	27,930	47.0	48.2	45.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,250	940	4,305	4.4	1.6	7.1
Children⁶	29,980	15,620	14,360	25.2	26.9	23.5
In a two-parent family	22,715	11,775	10,945	19.1	20.3	17.9
In a one-parent family	7,265	3,845	3,420	6.1	6.6	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,955	13,505	14,455	23.5	23.2	23.7
Living alone	15,290	7,025	8,260	12.8	12.1	13.5
Living with other relatives⁷	4,225	1,680	2,550	3.5	2.9	4.2
Living with non-relatives only	8,445	4,805	3,640	7.1	8.3	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,030	...	...	53.6	...	...
Couple-family households	23,070	...	...	45.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,505	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	11,565	...	...	22.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,955	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,905	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	565	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,995	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,645	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	15,290	...	...	30.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,395	50,540	53,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,145	49,030	52,115	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	34,000	37,600	42,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,165	49,040	52,125	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,800	34,800	38,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,740	44,040	45,700	86.0	87.1	84.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	27,200	33,200	40,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,360	36,300	35,065	68.4	71.8	65.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	32,800	38,400	44,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,890	39,075	45,820	81.3	77.3	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	6,550	8,500	7,750	6,550	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,660	3,820	4,840	8.3	7.6	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,460	14,280	15,175	28.2	28.3	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,500	10,000	10,000	9,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,405	50,660	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,965	49,005	51,960	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	57,950	43,040	50,280	57,950	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,990	49,020	51,975	96.7	96.8	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	47,960	37,640	42,640	47,960	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,710	44,185	45,525	85.9	87.2	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,400	56,350	38,720	47,400	56,350	38,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,435	36,435	34,995	68.4	71.9	65.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,040	58,300	41,440	50,040	58,300	41,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,525	38,955	45,570	81.0	76.9	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,760	9,020	10,390	9,760	9,020	10,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,555	3,690	4,865	8.2	7.3	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,795	7,220	6,610	5,795	7,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,730	14,520	15,210	28.5	28.7	28.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,720	9,580	9,860	9,720	9,580	9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,405	50,655	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,395	18,725	14,670	32.0	37.0	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,500	58,400	64,500	70,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,400	83,000	65,800	75,400	83,000	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,965	13,555	15,410	27.7	26.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,600	18,000	20,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	35,560	25,680	30,280	35,560	25,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	87.6	78.8	83.8	87.6	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.4	74.8	64.8	70.4	74.8	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	12.4	21.2	16.2	12.4	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.8	8.3	6.9	5.8	8.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.9	6.7	5.7	4.9	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,390	50,535	53,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,250	1,505	1,740	3.1	3.0	3.2
With total income	101,145	49,030	52,115	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,750	5,580	7,170	12.6	11.4	13.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,275	5,405	6,870	12.1	11.0	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,995	6,910	9,080	15.8	14.1	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,380	5,500	6,880	12.2	11.2	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,360	4,755	5,605	10.2	9.7	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,475	3,955	4,520	8.4	8.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,695	3,380	3,315	6.6	6.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,125	2,790	2,335	5.1	5.7	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,145	2,405	1,740	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,265	1,920	1,350	3.2	3.9	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,680	6,435	3,250	9.6	13.1	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,580	4,185	2,395	6.5	8.5	4.6
$150,000 and over	3,100	2,245	855	3.1	4.6	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,390	50,535	53,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,230	1,500	1,730	3.1	3.0	3.2
With after-tax income	101,165	49,040	52,125	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	5,710	7,360	12.9	11.6	14.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,630	5,550	7,080	12.5	11.3	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,860	7,810	10,055	17.7	15.9	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,230	6,410	7,825	14.1	13.1	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,740	5,475	6,260	11.6	11.2	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,120	4,480	4,635	9.0	9.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,650	3,650	3,000	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,005	2,890	2,115	4.9	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	2,025	1,335	3.3	4.1	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	1,395	835	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,270	3,645	1,620	5.2	7.4	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,785	1,850	935	2.8	3.8	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,490	1,800	685	2.5	3.7	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,390	50,535	53,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	33,030	14,240	18,795	31.6	28.2	34.9
With employment income	71,365	36,300	35,065	68.4	71.8	65.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,130	4,130	4,995	12.8	11.4	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,345	2,745	3,595	8.9	7.6	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,585	3,925	4,655	12.0	10.8	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,345	2,980	3,370	8.9	8.2	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,215	2,970	3,245	8.7	8.2	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,335	2,965	3,375	8.9	8.2	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,090	2,945	3,150	8.5	8.1	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,840	2,555	2,285	6.8	7.0	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,865	2,195	1,675	5.4	6.0	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,205	1,935	1,265	4.5	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	1,600	1,070	3.7	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,730	5,350	2,380	10.8	14.7	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,790	2,455	1,325	5.3	6.8	3.8
$125,000 and over	3,945	2,890	1,050	5.5	8.0	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,395	50,540	53,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,350	46,995	50,355	93.3	93.0	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,200	34,800	40,800	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,520	47,025	50,500	93.4	93.0	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,400	28,000	31,800	36,400	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,365	43,245	45,115	84.6	85.6	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,600	34,800	41,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,105	36,405	35,705	69.1	72.0	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,800	38,000	44,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,140	29,150	37,995	64.3	57.7	70.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,780	990	2,920	1,780	990	2,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,645	1,995	2,650	4.4	3.9	4.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,880	6,450	5,640	4,880	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,405	50,660	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,290	47,000	50,290	93.2	92.8	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960	53,050	39,360	45,960	53,050	39,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,455	47,065	50,395	93.3	92.9	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	43,920	34,080	38,840	43,920	34,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,370	43,310	45,055	84.6	85.5	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,760	53,700	38,160	45,760	53,700	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,125	36,535	35,590	69.1	72.1	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	54,400	39,880	47,240	54,400	39,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,165	29,200	37,965	64.3	57.6	70.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,740	6,840	6,360	5,740	6,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,735	2,090	2,645	4.5	4.1	4.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	6,205	8,620	7,560	6,205	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,405	50,655	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,005	18,455	14,545	31.6	36.4	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	53,200	58,800	64,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,800	75,000	58,750	67,800	75,000	58,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,570	12,415	14,155	25.4	24.5	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,000	24,000	25,400	28,000	24,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,280	38,120	30,920	34,280	38,120	30,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.2	86.8	90.4	93.2	86.8
Employment income (%)	76.2	79.8	71.8	76.2	79.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)	9.6	6.7	13.1	9.6	6.7	13.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,150	...	...	53,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...	45,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...	102,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,565	...	...	3.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,250	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,590	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,005	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,600	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,295	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,320	...	...	38.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,730	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,095	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,950	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,555	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,670	...	...	3.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	675	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,340	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,810	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,960	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,135	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,135	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,110	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,900	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,740	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,305	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,755	...	...	31.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,700	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,270	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,730	11,830	11,900	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,600	35,600	37,200	39,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	33,200	34,800	36,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...	121,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,885	11,855	12,030	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	49,840	44,160	46,960	49,840	44,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	42,320	38,880	40,600	42,320	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,140	58,085	61,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,495	8,985	8,510	14.7	15.5	13.9
0 to 5 years	6,160	3,130	3,030	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	81,255	39,810	41,440	68.2	68.5	67.9
65 years and over	20,390	9,290	11,105	17.1	16.0	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,505	8,160	9,345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,535	1,350	1,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	835	430	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,985	5,210	5,775	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,985	1,600	2,385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	14.0	15.3	14.7	14.0	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	15.0	14.0	14.5	15.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.8	13.2	13.5	13.8	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.5	13.1	13.9	13.5	13.1	13.9
65 years and over (%)	19.5	17.2	21.5	19.5	17.2	21.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	119,140	58,090	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,495	8,985	8,510	14.7	15.5	13.9
0 to 5 years	6,160	3,130	3,030	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	81,255	39,815	41,440	68.2	68.5	67.9
65 years and over	20,395	9,290	11,100	17.1	16.0	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,455	6,105	6,350	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,575	830	745	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	245	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,165	4,575	4,585	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,715	700	1,020	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.5	10.5	10.4	10.5	10.5	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	9.3	8.8	9.0	9.3	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.1	7.9	7.8	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	11.5	11.1	11.3	11.5	11.1
65 years and over (%)	8.4	7.5	9.2	8.4	7.5	9.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,140	58,085	61,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,545	28,915	31,635	50.8	49.8	51.8
In bottom decile	17,255	8,295	8,955	14.5	14.3	14.7
In second decile	11,695	5,475	6,220	9.8	9.4	10.2
In third decile	10,600	5,050	5,550	8.9	8.7	9.1
In fourth decile	10,430	5,000	5,430	8.8	8.6	8.9
In fifth decile	10,570	5,090	5,480	8.9	8.8	9.0
In top half of the distribution	58,595	29,175	29,420	49.2	50.2	48.2
In sixth decile	10,780	5,250	5,520	9.0	9.0	9.0
In seventh decile	11,105	5,505	5,605	9.3	9.5	9.2
In eighth decile	11,880	5,920	5,960	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	12,300	6,130	6,170	10.3	10.6	10.1
In top decile	12,530	6,370	6,160	10.5	11.0	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,140	...	...	119,140	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.352	...	...	0.352	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	119,375	58,200	61,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,205	52,070	53,130	88.1	89.5	86.8
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,415	2,550	2,870	4.5	4.4	4.7
Neither English nor French	8,715	3,565	5,150	7.3	6.1	8.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	119,375	58,200	61,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,160	53,880	55,275	91.4	92.6	90.4
French	810	435	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	815	375	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	8,595	3,510	5,085	7.2	6.0	8.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	119,375	58,200	61,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,200	54,305	56,895	93.2	93.3	93.0
Official languages	41,670	22,180	19,490	34.9	38.1	31.9
English	40,945	21,775	19,165	34.3	37.4	31.3
French	725	405	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Non-official languages	69,525	32,125	37,405	58.2	55.2	61.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,510	32,110	37,395	58.2	55.2	61.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	640	530	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,105	605	500	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	825	450	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,620	710	915	1.4	1.2	1.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,600	695	905	1.3	1.2	1.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,900	1,960	2,945	4.1	3.4	4.8
Bikol	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	410	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kankanaey	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,775	1,480	2,300	3.2	2.5	3.8
Waray-Waray	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	930	525	405	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kannada	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	330	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	330	205	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,050	9,600	9,450	16.0	16.5	15.4
Albanian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,900	1,930	1,965	3.3	3.3	3.2
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,880	1,925	1,960	3.3	3.3	3.2
Belarusian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	405	215	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian	1,350	640	715	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,545	785	760	1.3	1.3	1.2
Bosnian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	945	495	450	0.8	0.9	0.7
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	810	400	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	575	280	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	555	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,735	4,450	4,285	7.3	7.6	7.0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,070	3,040	3,030	5.1	5.2	5.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	950	475	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindi	1,425	725	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Kacchi	210	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,380	1,175	1,205	2.0	2.0	2.0
Rohingya	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,665	1,410	1,255	2.2	2.4	2.1
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,345	1,230	1,115	2.0	2.1	1.8
Dari	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	1,760	935	825	1.5	1.6	1.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,230	2,620	2,610	4.4	4.5	4.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	670	340	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	1,505	750	755	1.3	1.3	1.2
Romanian	405	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Spanish	2,645	1,315	1,330	2.2	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,250	410	835	1.0	0.7	1.4
Korean	3,895	1,690	2,200	3.3	2.9	3.6
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,610	16,045	19,560	29.8	27.6	32.0
Chinese languages	35,535	16,015	19,520	29.8	27.5	31.9
Hakka	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	19,555	8,745	10,810	16.4	15.0	17.7
Min Dong	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,140	520	620	1.0	0.9	1.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	14,095	6,415	7,680	11.8	11.0	12.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	325	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,180	3,900	4,285	6.9	6.7	7.0
English and French	245	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,705	3,230	3,480	5.6	5.5	5.7
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	1,030	445	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	119,375	58,200	61,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,725	24,325	22,400	39.1	41.8	36.6
French	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	25,220	11,460	13,760	21.1	19.7	22.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25,220	11,460	13,755	21.1	19.7	22.5
English and French	570	310	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	43,170	20,460	22,705	36.2	35.2	37.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	765	350	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	2,730	1,200	1,530	2.3	2.1	2.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	119,375	58,200	61,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,590	53,580	56,010	91.8	92.1	91.6
Official languages	62,960	32,030	30,930	52.7	55.0	50.6
English	62,715	31,905	30,810	52.5	54.8	50.4
French	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	46,630	21,550	25,080	39.1	37.0	41.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,620	21,545	25,075	39.1	37.0	41.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	680	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	655	330	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	525	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	920	415	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	905	410	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,670	1,155	1,515	2.2	2.0	2.5
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,150	925	1,225	1.8	1.6	2.0
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	580	315	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,735	5,345	5,390	9.0	9.2	8.8
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,300	1,130	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,295	1,130	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	975	475	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	930	465	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	645	335	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,225	2,615	2,610	4.4	4.5	4.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,345	1,650	1,695	2.8	2.8	2.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	505	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	785	410	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	655	710	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,885	965	920	1.6	1.7	1.5
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,660	850	810	1.4	1.5	1.3
Dari	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,275	660	620	1.1	1.1	1.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,985	1,485	1,495	2.5	2.6	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	975	485	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,600	820	780	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	650	280	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	3,035	1,355	1,680	2.5	2.3	2.7
Mongolian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	26,880	12,090	14,795	22.5	20.8	24.2
Chinese languages	26,825	12,065	14,765	22.5	20.7	24.1
Hakka	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	15,935	7,205	8,740	13.3	12.4	14.3
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	715	330	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	9,765	4,345	5,420	8.2	7.5	8.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,785	4,620	5,170	8.2	7.9	8.5
English and French	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,105	4,295	4,810	7.6	7.4	7.9
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	485	215	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	119,380	58,205	61,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,015	39,590	40,425	67.0	68.0	66.1
English	16,385	7,800	8,580	13.7	13.4	14.0
French	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	17,100	8,015	9,090	14.3	13.8	14.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,085	8,005	9,080	14.3	13.8	14.8
English and French	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,680	1,265	1,410	2.2	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,120	1,005	1,110	1.8	1.7	1.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,175	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,295	54,480	55,815	92.5	93.8	91.4
English	110,265	54,465	55,790	92.5	93.8	91.3
French	5,575	2,670	2,905	4.7	4.6	4.8
Non-official languages	84,340	39,295	45,040	70.8	67.6	73.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	84,320	39,285	45,030	70.8	67.6	73.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,845	1,030	810	1.5	1.8	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,775	995	780	1.5	1.7	1.3
Amharic	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,395	785	610	1.2	1.4	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	110	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,050	935	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,010	910	1,095	1.7	1.6	1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,270	2,915	4,350	6.1	5.0	7.1
Bikol	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	495	190	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indonesian	640	295	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,155	2,425	3,735	5.2	4.2	6.1
Waray-Waray	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,605	890	720	1.3	1.5	1.2
Kannada	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	625	340	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Telugu	685	400	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tulu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,995	12,965	13,030	21.8	22.3	21.3
Albanian	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	95	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	4,535	2,225	2,305	3.8	3.8	3.8
Baltic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,520	2,215	2,305	3.8	3.8	3.8
Belarusian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	190	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	480	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,870	870	995	1.6	1.5	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,840	930	910	1.5	1.6	1.5
Bosnian	305	145	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatian	675	320	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	1,305	660	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	40	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,645	820	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,225	610	615	1.0	1.1	1.0
German	1,215	605	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	12,645	6,415	6,230	10.6	11.0	10.2
Indo-Aryan languages	9,780	4,980	4,795	8.2	8.6	7.9
Assamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	1,815	855	960	1.5	1.5	1.6
Hindi	5,095	2,580	2,515	4.3	4.4	4.1
Kacchi	385	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nepali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,790	2,010	1,780	3.2	3.5	2.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	805	445	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	2,975	1,490	1,480	2.5	2.6	2.4
Baluchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	380	205	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Parsi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	2,595	1,310	1,280	2.2	2.3	2.1
Dari	410	180	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	2,005	1,030	970	1.7	1.8	1.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,360	3,600	3,760	6.2	6.2	6.2
Catalan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,055	450	600	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portuguese	1,785	905	885	1.5	1.6	1.4
Romanian	540	290	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	4,480	2,225	2,260	3.8	3.8	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	2,290	995	1,300	1.9	1.7	2.1
Korean	4,665	2,125	2,535	3.9	3.7	4.2
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	545	300	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	290	165	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
American Sign Language	295	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40,655	18,415	22,240	34.1	31.7	36.4
Chinese languages	40,595	18,385	22,215	34.1	31.6	36.4
Hakka	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	28,510	12,735	15,780	23.9	21.9	25.8
Min Dong	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,405	1,085	1,320	2.0	1.9	2.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	540	235	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Yue (Cantonese)	17,630	7,930	9,695	14.8	13.7	15.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	460	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	260	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,175	58,095	61,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,765	915	845	1.5	1.6	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,715	890	820	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,100	615	480	0.9	1.1	0.8
Métis	615	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	117,410	57,180	60,230	98.5	98.4	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,175	58,095	61,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	830	460	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,335	57,640	60,700	99.3	99.2	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,645	...	...	60.8	...	...
Renter	19,770	...	...	39.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	25,305	...	...	50.2	...	...
Not condominium	25,110	...	...	49.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,020	...	...	2.0	...	...
1 bedroom	12,300	...	...	24.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,955	...	...	39.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,680	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,470	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30,915	...	...	61.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,110	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,775	...	...	7.5	...	...
7 rooms	2,950	...	...	5.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,670	...	...	13.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,655	...	...	94.5	...	...
More than one person per room	2,755	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,815	...	...	88.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,595	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,810	...	...	9.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,850	...	...	21.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,900	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,305	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,990	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,920	...	...	9.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,900	...	...	9.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,740	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,205	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,215	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,845	...	...	51.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,650	...	...	41.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,925	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,985	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,845	...	...	19.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,995	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,310	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,180	...	...	18.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,820	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,660	...	...	7.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,625	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,900	...	...	67.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,220	...	...	32.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,930	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	22,245	...	...	44.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,960	...	...	27.7	...	...
Not suitable only	3,745	...	...	7.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,895	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,335	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	800	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,175	...	...	55.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,375	...	...	20.0	...	...
Not in core need	37,455	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,650	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.9	...	...	54.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.3	...	...	28.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,738	...	...	1,738	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,105,000	...	...	1,105,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.7	...	...	38.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.6	...	...	27.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,556	...	...	1,556	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,170	58,100	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	695	380	315	0.6	0.7	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	670	365	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	570	330	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Métis single ancestry	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,270	660	610	1.1	1.1	1.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,220	630	585	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	850	465	385	0.7	0.8	0.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	360	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,205	57,065	60,145	98.4	98.2	98.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,170	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,265	44,680	46,580	76.6	76.9	76.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,030	7,650	7,375	12.6	13.2	12.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,240	37,035	39,205	64.0	63.7	64.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,905	13,410	14,495	23.4	23.1	23.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,170	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	45,450	23,915	21,535	38.1	41.2	35.3
Immigrants⁸¹	64,325	29,315	35,010	54.0	50.5	57.3
Before 1980	7,585	3,500	4,080	6.4	6.0	6.7
1980 to 1990	6,675	3,045	3,630	5.6	5.2	5.9
1991 to 2000	16,475	7,515	8,960	13.8	12.9	14.7
2001 to 2010	15,825	7,005	8,815	13.3	12.1	14.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,770	8,250	9,515	14.9	14.2	15.6
2011 to 2015	7,395	3,375	4,025	6.2	5.8	6.6
2016 to 2021	10,375	4,875	5,500	8.7	8.4	9.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	9,395	4,865	4,530	7.9	8.4	7.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	64,325	29,315	35,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,225	2,175	2,045	6.6	7.4	5.8
5 to 14 years	9,720	4,985	4,735	15.1	17.0	13.5
15 to 24 years	10,835	5,015	5,820	16.8	17.1	16.6
25 to 44 years	31,045	13,295	17,750	48.3	45.4	50.7
45 years and over	8,495	3,840	4,655	13.2	13.1	13.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	64,325	29,315	35,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,560	1,795	1,770	5.5	6.1	5.1
Brazil	495	245	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Colombia	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	190	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyana	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	75	20	0.1	0.3	0.1
Mexico	595	275	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Peru	160	80	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	910	495	415	1.4	1.7	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	725	315	410	1.1	1.1	1.2
Europe	6,870	3,415	3,460	10.7	11.6	9.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	480	225	255	0.7	0.8	0.7
Croatia	325	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
France	115	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Germany	365	150	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Greece	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italy	425	205	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Netherlands	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Poland	390	185	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portugal	365	185	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romania	475	240	230	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	675	300	370	1.0	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	435	190	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ukraine	435	195	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	925	555	370	1.4	1.9	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,190	595	590	1.8	2.0	1.7
Africa	2,530	1,260	1,265	3.9	4.3	3.6
Algeria	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	105	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eritrea	110	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Morocco	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	205	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	1,715	815	905	2.7	2.8	2.6
Asia	50,470	22,425	28,040	78.5	76.5	80.1
Afghanistan	375	160	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	1,410	715	695	2.2	2.4	2.0
Iraq	225	115	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	235	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkey	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	18,090	7,855	10,235	28.1	26.8	29.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	5,460	2,390	3,065	8.5	8.2	8.8
Korea, South⁹²	3,365	1,535	1,825	5.2	5.2	5.2
Taiwan	4,730	2,205	2,525	7.4	7.5	7.2
Philippines	6,120	2,455	3,665	9.5	8.4	10.5
Viet Nam	1,665	725	940	2.6	2.5	2.7
Bangladesh	215	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	4,115	2,055	2,055	6.4	7.0	5.9
Pakistan	400	205	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	3,655	1,555	2,100	5.7	5.3	6.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	895	420	475	1.4	1.4	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,375	4,880	5,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,120	550	570	10.8	11.3	10.4
Brazil	380	190	195	3.7	3.9	3.5
Colombia	55	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	175	75	100	1.7	1.5	1.8
United States of America	260	135	130	2.5	2.8	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	185	100	90	1.8	2.0	1.6
Europe	950	530	425	9.2	10.9	7.7
France	40	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Russian Federation	120	35	90	1.2	0.7	1.6
Ukraine	185	105	75	1.8	2.2	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	60	45	1.1	1.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	425	240	185	4.1	4.9	3.4
Africa	450	275	170	4.3	5.6	3.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Eritrea	75	50	25	0.7	1.0	0.5
Ethiopia	40	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	75	50	20	0.7	1.0	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	95	60	35	0.9	1.2	0.6
Asia	7,780	3,480	4,300	75.0	71.3	78.3
Afghanistan	95	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.8
Bangladesh	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	3,065	1,295	1,765	29.5	26.5	32.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	70	70	1.4	1.4	1.3
India	1,590	805	785	15.3	16.5	14.3
Iran⁸⁸	225	95	135	2.2	1.9	2.5
Iraq	65	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	115	35	80	1.1	0.7	1.5
Jordan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	515	205	310	5.0	4.2	5.6
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	150	100	55	1.4	2.0	1.0
Philippines	725	320	410	7.0	6.6	7.5
Saudi Arabia	55	30	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	140	65	75	1.3	1.3	1.4
Turkey	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Viet Nam	180	65	110	1.7	1.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	565	235	330	5.4	4.8	6.0
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	35	0.8	0.9	0.6
Australia	70	45	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,175	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	75,090	34,845	40,250	63.0	60.0	65.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,580	13,855	12,730	22.3	23.8	20.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,505	9,400	8,095	14.7	16.2	13.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	56,745	25,815	30,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	37,385	17,880	19,510	65.9	69.3	63.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15,445	8,610	6,835	27.2	33.4	22.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,940	9,265	12,675	38.7	35.9	41.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	14,165	5,315	8,845	25.0	20.6	28.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,180	2,200	1,980	7.4	8.5	6.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,015	420	590	1.8	1.6	1.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	56,745	25,815	30,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,110	585	520	2.0	2.3	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,230	1,975	3,255	9.2	7.7	10.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,760	1,385	1,370	4.9	5.4	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	5,035	2,310	2,725	8.9	8.9	8.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	42,440	19,480	22,960	74.8	75.5	74.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,175	58,095	61,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	87,405	41,305	46,105	73.3	71.1	75.5
South Asian	12,705	6,465	6,235	10.7	11.1	10.2
Chinese	44,680	20,660	24,020	37.5	35.6	39.3
Black	1,820	1,020	800	1.5	1.8	1.3
Filipino	7,635	3,210	4,425	6.4	5.5	7.2
Arab	1,075	625	455	0.9	1.1	0.7
Latin American	3,155	1,595	1,560	2.6	2.7	2.6
Southeast Asian	3,105	1,380	1,725	2.6	2.4	2.8
West Asian	2,645	1,355	1,285	2.2	2.3	2.1
Korean	4,750	2,200	2,550	4.0	3.8	4.2
Japanese	1,920	835	1,085	1.6	1.4	1.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	745	390	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	3,175	1,570	1,610	2.7	2.7	2.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	31,770	16,795	14,975	26.7	28.9	24.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,170	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,530	2,415	2,115	3.8	4.2	3.5
English	7,495	4,060	3,435	6.3	7.0	5.6
Irish	4,845	2,500	2,345	4.1	4.3	3.8
Scottish	5,940	3,075	2,865	5.0	5.3	4.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,710	1,380	1,330	2.3	2.4	2.2
German	4,485	2,255	2,230	3.8	3.9	3.7
Chinese	39,590	18,455	21,135	33.2	31.8	34.6
Italian	3,040	1,540	1,495	2.6	2.7	2.4
Indian (India)	8,440	4,200	4,240	7.1	7.2	6.9
Ukrainian	2,400	1,175	1,225	2.0	2.0	2.0
Dutch	1,100	600	500	0.9	1.0	0.8
Polish	1,615	785	830	1.4	1.4	1.4
Québécois	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,835	950	885	1.5	1.6	1.4
Filipino	7,365	3,160	4,200	6.2	5.4	6.9
French Canadian	360	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	885	465	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	630	350	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Métis	525	235	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,100	610	490	0.9	1.1	0.8
Russian	1,835	865	970	1.5	1.5	1.6
Norwegian	1,030	505	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Welsh	805	410	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Portuguese	1,325	685	645	1.1	1.2	1.1
American	760	380	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Spanish	1,590	815	770	1.3	1.4	1.3
Swedish	750	350	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	660	300	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Acadian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	460	285	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	645	370	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	385	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	960	490	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vietnamese	2,400	1,110	1,295	2.0	1.9	2.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	545	275	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	495	285	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	3,410	1,615	1,795	2.9	2.8	2.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	4,845	2,250	2,590	4.1	3.9	4.2
Romanian	720	415	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Lebanese	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	1,840	910	930	1.5	1.6	1.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	470	255	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	260	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	710	370	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	905	475	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexican	960	470	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	620	320	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	2,535	1,115	1,425	2.1	1.9	2.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	635	315	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	520	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	400	210	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	170	115	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	360	195	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	305	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	1,080	590	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ojibway	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	2,245	1,080	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Ontarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	570	300	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	335	215	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	300	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Algerian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	725	365	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nigerian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	4,350	1,985	2,360	3.7	3.4	3.9
Iraqi	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	510	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	220	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	325	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Venezuelan	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	565	260	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Laotian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	235	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern Irish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	295	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Fijian	370	155	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jatt	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	305	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Plains Cree	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	90	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amhara	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,175	58,095	61,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	4,990	1,995	2,995	4.2	3.4	4.9
Christian	39,295	17,695	21,595	33.0	30.5	35.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,145	4,865	6,280	9.4	8.4	10.3
Anabaptist	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	1,170	555	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baptist	1,200	515	685	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	16,780	7,555	9,225	14.1	13.0	15.1
Christian Orthodox	2,645	1,345	1,300	2.2	2.3	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	455	170	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	635	285	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	700	325	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	1,265	515	745	1.1	0.9	1.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,175	1,050	1,130	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hindu	4,665	2,435	2,225	3.9	4.2	3.6
Jewish	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	6,510	3,265	3,245	5.5	5.6	5.3
Sikh	3,330	1,705	1,630	2.8	2.9	2.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,135	465	665	1.0	0.8	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	58,940	30,370	28,570	49.5	52.3	46.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,155	57,570	60,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,940	47,845	51,095	83.7	83.1	84.3
Movers	19,215	9,725	9,490	16.3	16.9	15.7
Non-migrants	9,415	4,745	4,675	8.0	8.2	7.7
Migrants	9,795	4,980	4,815	8.3	8.7	7.9
Internal migrants	6,460	3,320	3,140	5.5	5.8	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,230	2,615	2,610	4.4	4.5	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,230	700	535	1.0	1.2	0.9
External migrants	3,340	1,665	1,680	2.8	2.9	2.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	114,065	55,565	58,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,010	29,850	33,165	55.2	53.7	56.7
Movers	51,055	25,710	25,340	44.8	46.3	43.3
Non-migrants	16,105	7,920	8,185	14.1	14.3	14.0
Migrants	34,945	17,790	17,155	30.6	32.0	29.3
Internal migrants	21,260	11,015	10,245	18.6	19.8	17.5
Intraprovincial migrants	17,540	8,950	8,585	15.4	16.1	14.7
Interprovincial migrants	3,715	2,065	1,655	3.3	3.7	2.8
External migrants	13,685	6,775	6,910	12.0	12.2	11.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,405	50,655	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,685	5,675	6,010	11.2	11.2	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,715	44,980	47,735	88.8	88.8	88.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,325	34,785	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,365	2,360	2,005	6.1	6.8	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,960	32,425	34,535	93.9	93.2	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,405	50,660	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,655	5,090	5,555	10.2	10.0	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,440	12,680	12,760	24.4	25.0	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,315	32,885	35,435	65.4	64.9	65.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,450	12,530	12,915	24.4	24.7	24.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,745	3,200	1,545	4.5	6.3	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,260	1,245	1,015	2.2	2.5	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,480	1,955	530	2.4	3.9	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,970	7,185	8,780	15.3	14.2	16.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,740	2,150	2,590	4.5	4.2	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,870	20,350	22,520	41.1	40.2	41.9
Bachelor's degree	28,615	13,355	15,260	27.4	26.4	28.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,880	1,210	1,670	2.8	2.4	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	955	475	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	9,295	4,575	4,720	8.9	9.0	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,120	730	385	1.1	1.4	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,320	34,780	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,755	2,015	1,740	5.3	5.8	4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,470	7,075	6,395	18.9	20.3	17.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,095	25,690	28,400	75.8	73.9	77.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,445	9,090	9,355	25.9	26.1	25.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,215	2,175	1,040	4.5	6.3	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,525	875	650	2.1	2.5	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,695	1,300	395	2.4	3.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,730	5,340	6,385	16.4	15.4	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,505	1,575	1,930	4.9	4.5	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,645	16,600	19,045	50.0	47.7	52.1
Bachelor's degree	23,410	10,745	12,660	32.8	30.9	34.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,290	940	1,350	3.2	2.7	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	765	345	415	1.1	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	8,340	4,030	4,315	11.7	11.6	11.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	845	535	310	1.2	1.5	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,410	50,660	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,090	17,770	18,315	34.6	35.1	34.1
Education	3,220	680	2,545	3.1	1.3	4.7
13. Education	3,220	680	2,545	3.1	1.3	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,645	1,695	1,955	3.5	3.3	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	605	390	215	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	3,040	1,300	1,740	2.9	2.6	3.2
Humanities	3,910	1,315	2,595	3.7	2.6	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	735	175	565	0.7	0.3	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	995	265	735	1.0	0.5	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,255	445	810	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	320	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,115	2,995	5,125	7.8	5.9	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,155	470	680	1.1	0.9	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	995	130	865	1.0	0.3	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	955	305	655	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,365	390	980	1.3	0.8	1.8
45. Social sciences	3,325	1,575	1,750	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	17,050	7,325	9,715	16.3	14.5	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	130	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,530	7,190	9,340	15.8	14.2	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,515	1,820	1,695	3.4	3.6	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,345	595	750	1.3	1.2	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	905	470	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,150	735	410	1.1	1.5	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,555	3,675	1,875	5.3	7.3	3.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,735	3,315	1,420	4.5	6.5	2.6
25. Library science	195	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	490	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	130	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,060	9,795	2,265	11.6	19.3	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	655	410	250	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	6,255	4,740	1,505	6.0	9.4	2.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,065	1,715	350	2.0	3.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,480	1,400	80	1.4	2.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,135	1,095	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
48. Precision production	465	440	30	0.4	0.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	490	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	610	230	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	255	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,835	1,970	5,865	7.5	3.9	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,035	1,585	5,455	6.7	3.1	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	260	135	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,350	1,115	1,240	2.3	2.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,805	700	1,110	1.7	1.4	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	185	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	270	80	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,320	34,785	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,225	9,090	8,135	24.2	26.1	22.3
Education	2,125	415	1,710	3.0	1.2	4.7
13. Education	2,125	415	1,710	3.0	1.2	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,055	1,450	1,605	4.3	4.2	4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	505	335	165	0.7	1.0	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	2,550	1,110	1,440	3.6	3.2	3.9
Humanities	2,865	860	2,005	4.0	2.5	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	535	85	450	0.8	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	775	175	605	1.1	0.5	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	950	320	630	1.3	0.9	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,715	2,420	4,295	9.4	7.0	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,020	410	610	1.4	1.2	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	110	710	1.1	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	775	225	560	1.1	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,135	325	810	1.6	0.9	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,730	1,275	1,455	3.8	3.7	4.0
Business, management and public administration	13,910	5,875	8,025	19.5	16.9	22.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	85	260	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,535	5,790	7,750	19.0	16.6	21.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,780	1,355	1,420	3.9	3.9	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,110	475	635	1.6	1.4	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	355	390	1.0	1.0	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	830	515	315	1.2	1.5	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,890	3,305	1,590	6.9	9.5	4.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,290	3,030	1,260	6.0	8.7	3.4
25. Library science	145	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	335	165	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	125	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,235	7,310	1,925	12.9	21.0	5.3
04. Architecture and related services	500	300	200	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	5,130	3,800	1,330	7.2	10.9	3.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,530	1,225	295	2.1	3.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,070	1,015	55	1.5	2.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	730	705	20	1.0	2.0	0.1
48. Precision production	275	260	10	0.4	0.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	370	460	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	145	300	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	220	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	5,985	1,505	4,480	8.4	4.3	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	440	225	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,340	1,190	4,150	7.5	3.4	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,700	820	880	2.4	2.4	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,320	540	785	1.9	1.6	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	115	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	165	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	71,320	34,785	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,225	9,090	8,135	24.2	26.1	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	54,095	25,695	28,400	75.8	73.9	77.7
Location of study inside Canada	32,460	16,195	16,265	45.5	46.6	44.5
Same as province or territory of residence	27,255	13,290	13,960	38.2	38.2	38.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,210	2,905	2,305	7.3	8.4	6.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,635	9,500	12,135	30.3	27.3	33.2
Americas	3,295	1,690	1,605	4.6	4.9	4.4
United States of America	1,715	935	780	2.4	2.7	2.1
Mexico	465	210	255	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cuba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	580	290	290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	2,880	1,485	1,400	4.0	4.3	3.8
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hungary	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	255	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	380	165	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ukraine	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	110	75	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	775	385	385	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Europe	455	230	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
Africa	385	230	160	0.5	0.7	0.4
Nigeria	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	14,580	5,870	8,710	20.4	16.9	23.8
Iran⁸⁸	660	310	345	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iraq	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	4,965	2,070	2,890	7.0	6.0	7.9
Taiwan	1,050	345	705	1.5	1.0	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	505	200	305	0.7	0.6	0.8
Japan	460	105	360	0.6	0.3	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	1,195	435	760	1.7	1.3	2.1
Philippines	2,515	870	1,640	3.5	2.5	4.5
Viet Nam	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	2,130	1,080	1,055	3.0	3.1	2.9
Pakistan	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	530	195	335	0.7	0.6	0.9
Oceania	495	235	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Australia	415	195	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
New Zealand	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,405	50,660	53,750	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,175	35,035	32,140	...	...	...
Employed	60,600	31,855	28,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,575	3,180	3,400	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,230	15,625	21,610	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.3	69.2	59.8	64.3	69.2	59.8
Employment rate	58.0	62.9	53.5	58.0	62.9	53.5
Unemployment rate	9.8	9.1	10.6	9.8	9.1	10.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,410	50,660	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,585	16,440	22,140	37.0	32.5	41.2
Worked	65,825	34,215	31,605	63.0	67.5	58.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,785	19,555	15,225	33.3	38.6	28.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,040	14,655	16,385	29.7	28.9	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.4	39.4	40.5	41.4	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,175	35,030	32,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	835	1,005	2.7	2.4	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,335	34,200	31,140	97.3	97.6	96.9
Employee	55,345	28,055	27,290	82.4	80.1	84.9
Permanent position	45,930	23,595	22,330	68.4	67.4	69.5
Temporary position	9,415	4,455	4,960	14.0	12.7	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,855	1,940	1,915	5.7	5.5	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,565	2,510	3,045	8.3	7.2	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,995	6,140	3,850	14.9	17.5	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,175	35,030	32,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	835	1,005	2.7	2.4	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,335	34,200	31,140	97.3	97.6	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	495	330	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,620	4,570	9,050	20.3	13.0	28.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,445	7,160	2,285	14.1	20.4	7.1
3 Health occupations	4,385	1,200	3,185	6.5	3.4	9.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,165	2,005	4,160	9.2	5.7	12.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,145	1,640	1,505	4.7	4.7	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	17,075	7,950	9,130	25.4	22.7	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,670	7,840	835	12.9	22.4	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	490	390	105	0.7	1.1	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,835	1,115	720	2.7	3.2	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,175	35,030	32,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	835	1,005	2.7	2.4	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	65,335	34,200	31,140	97.3	97.6	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
22 Utilities	475	310	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
23 Construction	4,450	3,830	625	6.6	10.9	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,690	2,420	1,265	5.5	6.9	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,515	1,500	1,015	3.7	4.3	3.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,790	3,780	4,015	11.6	10.8	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,100	2,335	770	4.6	6.7	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	3,240	2,090	1,145	4.8	6.0	3.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,495	1,580	1,915	5.2	4.5	6.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,970	1,070	895	2.9	3.1	2.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,900	5,215	3,690	13.2	14.9	11.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,810	1,510	1,300	4.2	4.3	4.0
61 Educational services	4,215	1,560	2,655	6.3	4.5	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,025	1,560	5,465	10.5	4.5	17.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,170	630	540	1.7	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,660	2,200	2,455	6.9	6.3	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,940	1,235	1,705	4.4	3.5	5.3
91 Public administration	2,370	1,100	1,265	3.5	3.1	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,545	37,015	34,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,855	31,545	28,310	83.7	85.2	82.0
French	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,890	1,455	1,435	4.0	3.9	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,890	1,455	1,435	4.0	3.9	4.2
English and French	355	160	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	8,030	3,635	4,395	11.2	9.8	12.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	285	165	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,545	37,015	34,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,640	36,105	33,535	97.3	97.5	97.1
Official languages	64,470	33,665	30,810	90.1	90.9	89.2
English	64,365	33,620	30,745	90.0	90.8	89.1
French	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	5,170	2,445	2,725	7.2	6.6	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,170	2,445	2,725	7.2	6.6	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	475	235	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	455	235	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,920	1,890	2,030	5.5	5.1	5.9
Chinese languages	3,920	1,890	2,030	5.5	5.1	5.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,640	1,230	1,415	3.7	3.3	4.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,230	625	605	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,905	910	995	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,780	835	940	2.5	2.3	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,545	37,015	34,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,340	33,770	30,565	89.9	91.2	88.5
English	1,810	770	1,040	2.5	2.1	3.0
French	285	125	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	3,930	1,855	2,080	5.5	5.0	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,925	1,855	2,075	5.5	5.0	6.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	290	110	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	850	375	480	1.2	1.0	1.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,600	31,855	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,260	9,480	8,780	30.1	29.8	30.5
Worked outside Canada	525	365	160	0.9	1.1	0.6
No fixed workplace address	7,575	5,590	1,985	12.5	17.5	6.9
Usual place of work	34,245	16,425	17,825	56.5	51.6	62.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,245	16,420	17,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,775	5,960	6,815	37.3	36.3	38.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,125	10,245	10,880	61.7	62.4	61.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	245	155	80	0.7	0.9	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,815	22,010	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,275	16,210	12,065	67.6	73.6	60.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,865	15,500	10,365	61.9	70.4	52.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,410	710	1,705	5.8	3.2	8.6
Public transit	9,940	4,085	5,855	23.8	18.6	29.6
Walked	2,330	1,015	1,315	5.6	4.6	6.6
Bicycle	390	310	85	0.9	1.4	0.4
Other method	880	395	485	2.1	1.8	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,815	22,010	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,855	3,380	3,475	16.4	15.4	17.5
15 to 29 minutes	14,230	7,650	6,575	34.0	34.8	33.2
30 to 44 minutes	13,495	7,485	6,015	32.3	34.0	30.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,345	2,140	2,195	10.4	9.7	11.1
60 minutes and over	2,900	1,360	1,540	6.9	6.2	7.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,815	22,010	19,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,020	1,310	705	4.8	6.0	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,830	3,615	2,215	13.9	16.4	11.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,645	4,485	4,160	20.7	20.4	21.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,740	4,620	5,120	23.3	21.0	25.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,490	4,625	4,865	22.7	21.0	24.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,100	3,360	2,740	14.6	15.3	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,815	9,140	8,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	750	380	370	4.2	4.2	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,060	8,755	8,305	95.8	95.8	95.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,310	6,360	5,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	570	295	275	4.6	4.6	4.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	195	190	3.1	3.1	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	95	85	1.5	1.5	1.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,740	6,065	5,675	95.4	95.4	95.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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