Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cariboo--Prince GeorgeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,226	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,907	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,712	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,427	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	82,820.22	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,225	55,760	55,465
0 to 14 years	18,750	9,705	9,045
0 to 4 years	5,550	2,850	2,700
5 to 9 years	6,285	3,285	3,000
10 to 14 years	6,915	3,570	3,345
15 to 64 years	71,705	35,945	35,760
15 to 19 years	6,455	3,365	3,085
20 to 24 years	6,660	3,475	3,185
25 to 29 years	7,170	3,635	3,535
30 to 34 years	7,195	3,575	3,615
35 to 39 years	7,165	3,575	3,585
40 to 44 years	6,650	3,310	3,340
45 to 49 years	6,810	3,355	3,455
50 to 54 years	7,190	3,535	3,660
55 to 59 years	8,130	3,990	4,140
60 to 64 years	8,290	4,130	4,160
65 years and over	20,770	10,105	10,665
65 to 69 years	7,220	3,530	3,690
70 to 74 years	5,725	2,890	2,830
75 to 79 years	3,745	1,845	1,900
80 to 84 years	2,230	1,030	1,200
85 years and over	1,855	805	1,045
85 to 89 years	1,235	575	660
90 to 94 years	500	205	295
95 to 99 years	100	25	80
100 years and over	15	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.4	16.3
15 to 64 years	64.5	64.5	64.5
65 years and over	18.7	18.1	19.2
85 years and over	1.7	1.4	1.9
Average age of the population	41.5	41.0	42.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,425	...	...
Single-detached house	29,975	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,570	...	...
Row house	2,300	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,985	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,685	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,425	...	...
1 person	13,460	...	...
2 persons	17,310	...	...
3 persons	6,645	...	...
4 persons	5,450	...	...
5 or more persons	3,565	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,710	55,010	54,695
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,475	46,055	46,420
Married or living common-law	52,650	26,275	26,380
Married	40,540	20,245	20,295
Living common-law	12,110	6,035	6,080
Living common law - Never married	8,785	4,395	4,385
Living common law - Separated	670	345	330
Living common law - Divorced	2,345	1,180	1,160
Living common law - Widowed	310	115	200
Not married and not living common-law	39,825	19,780	20,045
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,690	14,430	11,255
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,025	1,375	1,655
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,885	2,635	3,250
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,215	1,335	3,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,440	...	...
2 persons	17,925	...	...
3 persons	6,075	...	...
4 persons	5,035	...	...
5 or more persons	2,405	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,440	...	...
Total couple families	25,840	...	...
Married couples	19,785	...	...
With children⁶	8,895	...	...
Without children	10,890	...	...
Common-law couples	6,055	...	...
With children⁶	2,410	...	...
Without children	3,645	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,600	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,170	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,430	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,710	55,015	54,700
Total - Persons in census families	87,235	43,390	43,845
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,680	25,790	25,890
Parents in one-parent families	5,600	1,425	4,175
Children⁶	29,950	16,170	13,780
In a two-parent family	21,240	11,365	9,875
In a one-parent family	8,715	4,810	3,905
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,475	11,620	10,855
Living alone	13,460	6,835	6,625
Living with other relatives⁷	3,075	1,450	1,620
Living with non-relatives only	5,945	3,335	2,610
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,425	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,155	...	...
Couple-family households	23,010	...	...
With children⁶	10,010	...	...
Without children	13,000	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,145	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,130	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	310	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,945	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,430	...	...
One-person households	13,460	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,050	45,360	45,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,290	44,020	44,265
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,340	44,050	44,290
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,005	39,495	37,510
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,085	32,945	30,135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	53,200	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,660	34,725	38,935
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,000	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,240	5,285	4,955
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,930	11,395	11,535
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,290	45,515	45,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,400	44,075	44,325
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,700	61,600	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,445	44,110	44,340
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,320	51,550	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,110	39,630	37,480
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	58,400	36,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,135	33,065	30,070
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	59,350	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,850	34,910	38,940
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,910	11,450	12,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,335	5,405	4,930
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	6,145	7,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,100	11,490	11,615
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,430	8,160	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,290	45,515	45,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,160	16,265	11,900
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	76,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	82,000	60,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,730	12,315	13,410
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	29,000	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	41,640	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.2	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	72.2	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.7	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,045	45,360	45,685
Without total income	2,760	1,335	1,420
With total income	88,290	44,025	44,265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,835	3,125	4,710
$10,000 to $19,999	10,320	4,045	6,275
$20,000 to $29,999	13,140	5,445	7,695
$30,000 to $39,999	11,405	4,945	6,465
$40,000 to $49,999	9,725	4,200	5,530
$50,000 to $59,999	7,695	3,640	4,055
$60,000 to $69,999	6,175	3,310	2,860
$70,000 to $79,999	5,220	3,200	2,025
$80,000 to $89,999	4,130	2,720	1,410
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	2,195	990
$100,000 and over	9,450	7,195	2,250
$100,000 to $149,999	7,345	5,520	1,830
$150,000 and over	2,105	1,680	425
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,045	45,360	45,685
Without after-tax income	2,705	1,305	1,395
With after-tax income	88,340	44,055	44,290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,085	3,220	4,860
$10,000 to $19,999	10,665	4,185	6,485
$20,000 to $29,999	14,870	6,170	8,705
$30,000 to $39,999	13,130	5,765	7,365
$40,000 to $49,999	10,800	4,945	5,855
$50,000 to $59,999	8,425	4,425	4,005
$60,000 to $69,999	6,845	4,130	2,720
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,430	1,560
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795	2,675	1,115
$90,000 to $99,999	2,550	1,875	675
$100,000 and over	4,180	3,235	945
$100,000 to $124,999	2,630	2,030	605
$125,000 and over	1,550	1,205	340
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,045	45,360	45,685
Without employment income	27,965	12,415	15,550
With employment income	63,080	32,945	30,135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,230	3,660	4,570
$5,000 to $9,999	4,520	1,860	2,655
$10,000 to $19,999	7,040	2,930	4,110
$20,000 to $29,999	5,995	2,585	3,405
$30,000 to $39,999	5,650	2,355	3,300
$40,000 to $49,999	5,275	2,335	2,935
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,350	2,495
$60,000 to $69,999	4,405	2,515	1,895
$70,000 to $79,999	3,845	2,480	1,365
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	2,210	1,065
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	1,830	780
$100,000 and over	7,395	5,825	1,565
$100,000 to $124,999	4,180	3,180	1,000
$125,000 and over	3,215	2,645	565
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,050	45,360	45,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,000	42,890	43,110
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,230	42,920	43,310
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,400	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,545	39,250	37,295
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	49,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,550	34,210	31,340
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	52,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,015	26,585	33,430
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,700	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,915	4,730	4,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,640	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,290	45,515	45,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,100	42,965	43,135
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,920	61,000	38,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,355	43,000	43,360
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,280	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,765	39,575	37,190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	59,550	36,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,485	34,365	31,115
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,500	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,265	26,435	33,830
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,680	10,020	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,140	4,890	4,245
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	7,040	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,290	45,515	45,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,035	16,165	11,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	74,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,700	80,000	55,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,360	11,680	12,675
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	35,600	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,400	47,160	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.8	81.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	76.6	67.6
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.1	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,430	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,460	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,455	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,375	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,085	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,430	...	...
Under $5,000	450	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,600	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,805	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,395	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,245	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,670	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,295	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,015	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,480	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,430	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,005	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,855	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,090	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,000	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,280	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,955	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,815	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,230	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,480	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,405	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,195	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,405	10,170	9,230
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,215	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,380	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,490	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,130	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,400	10,010	9,390
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,880	52,650	42,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,720	45,080	38,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,710	55,010	54,700
0 to 17 years	22,515	11,640	10,870
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,490	3,245
18 to 64 years	67,200	33,595	33,610
65 years and over	19,995	9,775	10,215
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,150	5,680	6,470
0 to 17 years	2,865	1,465	1,400
0 to 5 years	955	485	470
18 to 64 years	6,230	2,945	3,285
65 years and over	3,055	1,265	1,790
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.3	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.6	12.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	13.9	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.8	9.8
65 years and over (%)	15.3	12.9	17.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,995	53,630	53,370
0 to 17 years	21,855	11,315	10,545
0 to 5 years	6,535	3,395	3,140
18 to 64 years	65,545	32,715	32,830
65 years and over	19,590	9,595	9,995
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,470	1,710	1,765
0 to 17 years	735	365	365
0 to 5 years	215	105	115
18 to 64 years	2,440	1,220	1,225
65 years and over	295	125	170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,710	55,010	54,700
In bottom half of the distribution	54,570	26,410	28,165
In bottom decile	11,585	5,500	6,085
In second decile	11,005	5,135	5,875
In third decile	10,910	5,290	5,620
In fourth decile	10,755	5,315	5,435
In fifth decile	10,320	5,165	5,155
In top half of the distribution	55,140	28,605	26,535
In sixth decile	11,080	5,605	5,475
In seventh decile	11,490	5,965	5,530
In eighth decile	11,715	6,090	5,625
In ninth decile	11,605	6,100	5,500
In top decile	9,250	4,850	4,405
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,150	55,220	54,925
English only	105,060	52,915	52,145
French only	15	5	10
English and French	4,625	2,120	2,505
Neither English nor French	455	190	265
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,150	55,220	54,925
English	108,715	54,520	54,190
French	895	470	425
English and French	110	55	50
Neither English nor French	430	175	260
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,150	55,220	54,925
Single responses	108,020	54,180	53,840
Official languages	97,805	49,355	48,450
English	96,730	48,795	47,940
French	1,075	560	510
Non-official languages	10,215	4,820	5,390
Indigenous languages³⁹	855	365	490
Algonquian languages	60	25	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	55	20	35
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	610	260	350
Northern Athabaskan languages	610	260	350
Dakelh (Carrier)	190	70	115
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	415	185	220
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	155	65	85
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	145	65	85
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,355	4,455	4,905
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	70
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	75	70
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	130	70	60
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10
Vietnamese	100	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	860	325	530
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25
Cebuano	60	20	40
Fijian	5	5	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10
Ilocano	30	10	15
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	255	425
Waray-Waray	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	60	50
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	60	35	25
Tamil	30	15	15
Telugu	15	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,830	3,320	3,515
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	745	345	400
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	10	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	735	340	395
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	70	35	30
Macedonian	15	5	5
Polish	130	55	75
Russian	180	90	90
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	85
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	125	55	70
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10
Ukrainian	120	40	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,090	985	1,110
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,370	650	720
German	1,235	575	655
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	140	70	65
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	570	265	300
Afrikaans	120	60	60
Dutch	275	130	150
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Low Saxon	10	5	5
Plautdietsch	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	145	65	80
Danish	75	35	40
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20
Swedish	35	15	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Greek	45	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	3,025	1,545	1,480
Indo-Aryan languages	2,940	1,505	1,435
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	35
Gujarati	50	30	20
Hindi	175	95	75
Kacchi	5	0	5
Kashmiri	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,270	1,235
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5
Urdu	110	55	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	40	40
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	40	40
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	910	410	500
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	245	110	130
Portuguese	255	125	125
Romanian	40	20	20
Spanish	370	150	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	75	20	50
Korean	270	130	140
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	65
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0
Shona	15	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	30	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	255	305
Chinese languages	555	255	300
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	270	125	145
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	120	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	25	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	140	80	60
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	80	40	40
Hungarian	55	35	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,130	1,040	1,085
English and French	265	135	130
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	825	850
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,150	55,220	54,925
English	99,565	50,140	49,430
French	110	50	60
Non-official language	2,280	1,130	1,145
Indigenous³⁹	155	80	75
Non-Indigenous	2,125	1,050	1,070
English and French	640	305	340
English and non-official language(s)	7,230	3,440	3,785
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,150	55,220	54,925
Single responses	108,560	54,455	54,100
Official languages	103,975	52,195	51,785
English	103,830	52,130	51,700
French	150	70	80
Non-official languages	4,585	2,265	2,315
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	125	130
Algonquian languages	10	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	195	95	100
Northern Athabaskan languages	195	95	100
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	10	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	55	25	25
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	55	25	25
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,325	2,140	2,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	45	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	40	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5
Vietnamese	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	395	190	210
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15
Cebuano	30	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	15	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	140	155
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	25	20
Tamil	15	5	5
Telugu	20	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,040	1,510	1,535
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	85	105
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	190	85	105
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	20	5	15
Russian	75	35	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	35	10	20
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	420	210	210
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	270	130	135
German	225	115	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	45	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	65
Afrikaans	75	35	40
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	2,155	1,100	1,055
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,085	1,035
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	15
Gujarati	25	20	10
Hindi	95	50	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,885	955	925
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	105	160
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	30
Portuguese	75	30	45
Romanian	10	0	0
Spanish	125	45	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	25
Korean	195	95	100
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	15
American Sign Language	30	20	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	155	160
Chinese languages	315	155	160
Hakka	0	0	5
Mandarin	175	90	90
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	65	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,590	760	825
English and French	90	40	45
English and non-official language(s)	1,455	705	755
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,150	55,225	54,930
None	103,310	51,970	51,340
English	1,905	960	950
French	535	255	285
Non-official language	3,625	1,680	1,950
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330
Non-Indigenous	3,030	1,410	1,620
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	305	135	165
French and non-official language(s)	125	70	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	320	155	165
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,795	55,075	54,720
Official languages	109,340	54,895	54,440
English	109,305	54,885	54,420
French	4,600	1,955	2,650
Non-official languages	14,620	6,845	7,775
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,835	845	995
Algonquian languages	130	60	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	100	50	50
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	100	50	50
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	30	15	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,240	545	695
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,240	545	695
Dakelh (Carrier)	500	190	310
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	720	345	375
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	20	10
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	20	15	10
Salish languages	370	175	195
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	10	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	370	175	190
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	20	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0
Nisga'a	15	15	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10
Non-Indigenous languages	12,855	6,035	6,820
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	105	100
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	15	10	10
Hausa	15	10	10
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	185	95	90
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	155	80	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	100	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15
Vietnamese	165	85	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,185	415	770
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	20
Cebuano	110	40	70
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	0	25
Ilocano	55	20	40
Indonesian	15	15	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,130	385	745
Waray-Waray	20	10	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	15	40
Creole languages	40	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	10	0	10
Morisyen	10	0	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	140	85	55
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	40
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	35	25	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,430	4,525	4,900
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	510	590
Baltic languages	35	15	20
Latvian	30	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,065	500	575
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	0
Czech	95	45	50
Macedonian	20	10	10
Polish	225	100	125
Russian	375	190	190
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	250	110	140
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	185	75	110
Serbian	70	35	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	45	30	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	20
Ukrainian	155	60	95
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	20	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,845	1,310	1,530
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,970	915	1,055
German	1,915	895	1,020
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	150	60	95
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	340	380
Afrikaans	155	70	85
Dutch	365	170	195
Low German, n.o.s.	70	45	25
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	140	60	75
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10
Scandinavian languages	225	100	130
Danish	95	50	45
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	15	30
Swedish	80	25	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	80	20	55
Indo-Iranian languages	3,645	1,850	1,795
Indo-Aryan languages	3,510	1,780	1,735
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	60	20	35
Gujarati	95	65	30
Hindi	1,405	705	700
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	15	10	0
Marathi	15	15	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,995	1,515	1,485
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	200	95	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	125	70	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	120	60	55
Dari	10	0	0
Iranian Persian	85	45	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,990	925	1,070
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	375	180	195
Portuguese	380	210	170
Romanian	45	25	20
Spanish	1,255	550	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	200	85	115
Korean	300	145	160
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	315	170	145
Akan (Twi)	45	20	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	10	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	40	25	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	15
Lingala	15	15	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	85	45	35
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	170	80	90
American Sign Language	135	65	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	315	330
Chinese languages	645	315	330
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	405	185	220
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	30	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	40
Lao	10	0	10
Thai	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	185	90	95
Estonian	20	10	0
Finnish	90	45	45
Hungarian	75	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,790	55,075	54,715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	18,915	9,135	9,780
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,205	8,805	9,400
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,480	5,960	6,515
Métis	5,650	2,800	2,850
Inuk (Inuit)	80	40	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	425	215	210
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	290	120	165
Non-Indigenous identity	90,875	45,935	44,935
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,790	55,075	54,715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,890	4,665	5,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,900	50,410	49,490
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,455	...	...
Owner	32,715	...	...
Renter	13,025	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,455	...	...
Condominium	2,805	...	...
Not condominium	43,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,455	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...
1 bedroom	4,030	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,085	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,020	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,455	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,575	...	...
5 rooms	7,260	...	...
6 rooms	6,875	...	...
7 rooms	5,775	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,980	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,455	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,910	...	...
More than one person per room	550	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,455	...	...
Suitable	44,740	...	...
Not suitable	1,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,455	...	...
1960 or before	4,180	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,005	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,130	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,635	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,475	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,905	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,340	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,790	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,455	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,450	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,010	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,455	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,255	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,090	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,455	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,710	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,660	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,410	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,985	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,575	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,015	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,055	...	...
85 years and over	1,045	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,680	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,315	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,360	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,805	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,455	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,055	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,610	...	...
Not suitable only	1,305	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,130	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	605	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,395	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,120	...	...
In core need	3,060	...	...
Not in core need	41,065	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,830	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,144	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,950	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,018	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	715	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	266	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	340	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,790	55,070	54,715
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,675	4,690	4,980
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,565	4,650	4,910
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	8,280	3,980	4,305
Métis single ancestry	1,270	670	600
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,270	4,885	5,385
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,860	4,695	5,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,890	3,205	3,690
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,910	1,455	1,450
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	415	190	220
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	180	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,845	45,495	44,350
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,790	55,075	54,720
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,665	52,665	51,995
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,055	11,390	10,665
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,610	41,270	41,335
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,130	2,410	2,720
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,790	55,075	54,720
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,330	49,195	48,135
Immigrants⁸¹	10,725	5,005	5,720
Before 1980	4,135	2,050	2,090
1980 to 1990	1,115	500	620
1991 to 2000	1,215	490	730
2001 to 2010	1,400	630	770
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,850	1,340	1,515
2011 to 2015	1,050	435	615
2016 to 2021	1,805	905	900
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	870	855
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,725	5,005	5,720
Under 5 years	1,270	660	610
5 to 14 years	1,975	990	985
15 to 24 years	2,475	1,155	1,325
25 to 44 years	4,230	1,875	2,350
45 years and over	780	325	450
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,725	5,005	5,720
Americas	2,070	925	1,150
Brazil	50	25	20
Colombia	25	10	15
El Salvador	30	15	15
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	95	40	50
Mexico	95	35	60
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	0
United States of America	1,505	680	820
Other places of birth in Americas	230	85	145
Europe	3,920	1,905	2,015
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20
Croatia	110	55	55
France	60	30	30
Germany	725	360	360
Greece	20	0	15
Hungary	50	20	25
Italy	115	55	55
Netherlands	290	150	140
Poland	210	115	95
Portugal	170	80	90
Romania	50	30	25
Russian Federation	30	20	15
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	10
Ukraine	80	20	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,135	570	565
Other places of birth in Europe	825	355	465
Africa	645	325	320
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10
Egypt	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	110	60	55
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	225	105	115
Other places of birth in Africa	270	140	130
Asia	3,860	1,725	2,130
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	260	130	125
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	40	35
Korea, South⁹²	155	80	75
Taiwan	40	10	30
Philippines	1,080	355	725
Viet Nam	90	40	55
Bangladesh	35	0	25
India	1,630	835	795
Pakistan	90	50	35
Sri Lanka	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	265	120	150
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	235	125	105
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,800	905	895
Americas	225	115	115
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	25	20
Mexico	30	15	10
United States of America	95	45	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10
Europe	245	125	120
France	0	0	0
Germany	35	15	20
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	20
Other places of birth in Europe	95	35	65
Africa	270	125	145
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	95	45	50
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	45
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	40
Asia	1,030	525	500
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	570	320	245
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	40	25	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	20	25
Philippines	215	85	130
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	15
Oceania and other⁹³	30	15	15
Australia	20	10	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,790	55,075	54,720
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,170	6,225	6,950
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,965	8,500	8,470
Third generation or more¹⁰²	79,655	40,355	39,300
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,590	2,955	3,630
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,820	1,925	1,890
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,740	1,045	695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,075	880	1,195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,395	855	1,540
Refugees¹⁰⁸	345	160	185
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,590	2,955	3,630
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	40	50
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,185	465	720
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	235	110	125
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	650	395	250
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	30	45
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,360	1,920	2,445
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,790	55,075	54,715
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,870	4,755	5,120
South Asian	4,195	2,160	2,040
Chinese	885	410	475
Black	1,080	545	535
Filipino	1,605	635	970
Arab	170	100	70
Latin American	410	145	255
Southeast Asian	410	220	190
West Asian	125	60	65
Korean	280	150	135
Japanese	285	140	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	45
Multiple visible minorities	350	140	205
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,920	50,320	49,600
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,790	55,075	54,720
Canadian	15,960	8,355	7,605
English	27,640	13,450	14,185
Irish	17,830	8,560	9,270
Scottish	21,065	10,380	10,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,905	5,350	5,555
German	18,730	9,235	9,495
Chinese	1,140	470	670
Italian	3,150	1,580	1,570
Indian (India)	2,465	1,250	1,215
Ukrainian	5,990	3,010	2,980
Dutch	5,300	2,555	2,745
Polish	3,230	1,440	1,790
Québécois	95	45	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,865	1,920	1,945
Filipino	1,700	685	1,020
French Canadian	1,045	525	520
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,875	1,455	1,420
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,220	2,985	3,235
Métis	4,690	2,355	2,335
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,595	1,265	1,335
Russian	2,800	1,290	1,510
Norwegian	5,440	2,695	2,745
Welsh	2,735	1,315	1,420
Portuguese	895	435	465
American	2,505	1,225	1,275
Spanish	720	305	415
Swedish	4,135	1,940	2,195
Hungarian	1,105	535	570
Acadian	150	60	90
Pakistani	165	85	80
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	485	240	245
Jewish	225	100	130
Punjabi	930	490	440
Vietnamese	220	135	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	45	25
Greek	275	110	160
Jamaican	145	70	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	225	95	130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,730	780	945
Korean	305	165	145
Romanian	585	275	320
Lebanese	95	65	30
Iranian	100	60	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	110	90
Danish	1,795	935	865
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,625	715	915
Sikh	730	415	320
Austrian	1,145	585	560
Belgian	450	185	260
Haitian	20	20	0
Hindu	170	85	85
Mexican	345	160	185
Mennonite	1,000	525	480
Swiss	1,125	565	565
Finnish	1,120	565	555
Sri Lankan	25	10	15
Croatian	570	275	300
Japanese	395	185	215
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	60	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	80	125
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,235	590	645
Muslim	10	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	30	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	560	310	245
Colombian	35	20	20
Moroccan	35	10	25
Czech	505	245	265
Syrian	40	20	20
Guyanese	20	0	10
Afghan	10	10	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	50	40
Serbian	95	55	40
Ojibway	165	85	80
Newfoundlander	220	130	90
Hong Konger	20	10	15
Ontarian	55	20	35
Persian	30	0	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	20
Turkish	40	30	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	45	35
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	40	20
Nigerian	135	65	65
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	170	75	95
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	110	95
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	25	10
Iraqi	30	10	20
Salvadorean	45	15	30
African Caribbean	50	20	35
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20
Algonquin	105	60	40
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10
Lithuanian	205	80	125
South African	200	80	120
Australian	330	160	170
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	80	25	55
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	65	40	30
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	45	75
Peruvian	30	10	15
Yoruba	55	20	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	30	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	90	55	40
Macedonian	25	15	15
Slovenian	175	90	85
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	260	125	135
New Brunswicker	40	20	25
Gujarati	35	20	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	40	15	15
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	45	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	95	95
Bulgarian	60	40	15
Albertan	95	40	50
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	115	40	75
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	160	70	85
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	60	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	20	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	170	60	110
Bengali	20	15	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	40	20
Laotian	10	0	10
Ilocano	45	20	25
Northern Irish	40	25	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	65	75
British Columbian	670	335	335
Ecuadorian	10	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	10	10
Estonian	80	30	50
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	55	25	30
Jatt	115	50	65
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	75	50
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	25	10	15
Byelorussian	15	0	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	20	20
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	120	50	65
Abenaki	25	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	25
New Zealander	85	25	60
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	25
Malaysian	35	20	15
Plains Cree	55	30	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10
Saskatchewanian	105	55	50
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	10	25
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	40	15	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10
Burundian	10	10	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10
Mauritian	15	10	0
Kenyan	15	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	20	0	20
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	10	10
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	105	55	45
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	15	15
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	25	10	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	35	15	20
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	25	15	10
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,790	55,075	54,715
Buddhist	290	90	200
Christian	38,620	17,650	20,970
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,170	5,190	5,975
Anabaptist	760	380	385
Anglican	2,525	1,145	1,380
Baptist	1,505	640	865
Catholic	11,880	5,545	6,330
Christian Orthodox	265	95	170
Jehovah's Witness	935	400	540
Latter Day Saints	790	380	410
Lutheran	1,395	605	790
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	50	100
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,290	565	725
Presbyterian	470	205	265
Reformed	140	60	75
United Church	2,760	1,200	1,555
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,585	1,180	1,400
Hindu	610	335	270
Jewish	95	35	60
Muslim	565	280	285
Sikh	2,760	1,425	1,335
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	575	275	295
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,020	405	610
No religion and secular perspectives	65,255	34,570	30,685
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,750	54,580	54,165
Non-movers	94,950	47,720	47,230
Movers	13,805	6,860	6,940
Non-migrants	9,495	4,790	4,700
Migrants	4,310	2,070	2,240
Internal migrants	3,965	1,920	2,050
Intraprovincial migrants	3,030	1,435	1,595
Interprovincial migrants	935	485	450
External migrants	340	155	190
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,385	52,290	52,095
Non-movers	59,935	30,505	29,430
Movers	44,450	21,780	22,665
Non-migrants	19,855	9,890	9,965
Migrants	24,590	11,890	12,700
Internal migrants	21,950	10,560	11,385
Intraprovincial migrants	18,185	8,670	9,515
Interprovincial migrants	3,765	1,890	1,875
External migrants	2,640	1,330	1,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,290	45,515	45,780
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,005	11,795	9,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,290	33,715	36,575
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,330	28,875	29,455
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,430	5,495	3,935
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,905	23,385	25,520
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,295	45,515	45,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,540	10,095	8,445
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,280	15,100	16,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,470	20,320	21,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,650	14,690	12,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,780	8,010	1,765
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,450	2,240	1,205
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,330	5,775	555
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,385	5,800	9,585
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,485	875	1,610
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,820	5,625	8,195
Bachelor's degree	9,280	3,685	5,595
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	380	595
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	190	210
Master's degree	2,775	1,160	1,615
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	205	180
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,330	28,875	29,455
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,080	4,640	3,440
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,475	9,590	9,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,770	14,645	16,125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,720	10,290	9,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,760	5,550	1,215
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,340	1,505	830
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,425	4,040	385
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,250	4,145	7,105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710	600	1,110
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,050	4,360	6,690
Bachelor's degree	7,415	2,880	4,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	275	435
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	155	200
Master's degree	2,285	900	1,380
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	150	140
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,295	45,510	45,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,820	25,195	24,625
Education	3,140	725	2,415
13. Education	3,140	725	2,415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	700	255	445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	25
50. Visual and performing arts	610	190	415
Humanities	1,735	645	1,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	80
23. English language and literature/letters	385	120	270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	150	410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	45	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	165	125
54. History	225	110	120
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,130	1,025	2,105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	115	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	35	635
22. Legal professions and studies	465	125	340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	45
42. Psychology	650	185	465
45. Social sciences	1,040	550	495
Business, management and public administration	7,975	2,375	5,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	170	850
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,950	2,200	4,750
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	665	650
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	320	380
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	150	145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	0
40. Physical sciences	255	180	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	835	525	310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	665	430	230
25. Library science	75	20	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,915	10,230	685
04. Architecture and related services	75	30	45
14. Engineering	825	715	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,965	1,735	230
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,000	2,875	125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,440	3,355	90
48. Precision production	1,610	1,525	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,290	1,460	830
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	200	320
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,770	1,260	510
Health and related fields	6,870	1,090	5,785
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	140	195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,390	880	5,510
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	65	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,310	1,245
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,515	420	1,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0
43. Security and protective services	330	245	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	630	60
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,330	28,880	29,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,565	14,230	13,335
Education	2,115	445	1,680
13. Education	2,115	445	1,680
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	175	335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	25	20
50. Visual and performing arts	455	145	315
Humanities	1,195	430	765
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	60
23. English language and literature/letters	270	75	195
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	105	290
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	95	70
54. History	160	75	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,455	790	1,665
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	85	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	30	505
22. Legal professions and studies	350	80	275
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	35
42. Psychology	530	150	385
45. Social sciences	800	425	370
Business, management and public administration	6,030	1,710	4,325
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	130	695
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,195	1,570	3,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	450	540
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	235	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	80	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	0
40. Physical sciences	190	120	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	690	465	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	385	165
25. Library science	50	20	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,800	7,240	555
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35
14. Engineering	665	575	90
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460	1,265	195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,045	90
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,375	2,305	70
48. Precision production	1,115	1,045	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,090	665
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	135	240
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,385	955	430
Health and related fields	5,260	865	4,390
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	115	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,875	700	4,175
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,955	985	965
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	300	840
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	280	205	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	485	50
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,330	28,880	29,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,565	14,230	13,335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,775	14,650	16,125
Location of study inside Canada	27,430	13,195	14,230
Same as province or territory of residence	22,895	11,030	11,865
Different than province or territory of residence	4,535	2,165	2,365
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,340	1,450	1,885
Americas	670	330	335
United States of America	560	285	275
Mexico	35	20	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	10	20
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20
Europe	850	360	495
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	115	60	55
Netherlands	60	25	35
Switzerland	70	15	55
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	15
Romania	20	0	15
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Ukraine	45	15	25
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	130	165
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	65	105
Africa	200	95	105
Nigeria	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30
Asia	1,515	610	900
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25
Taiwan	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	55
Philippines	530	175	360
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	680	310	370
Pakistan	35	20	15
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	25
Oceania	110	55	55
Australia	50	30	20
New Zealand	60	25	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,295	45,515	45,780
In the labour force	56,405	29,870	26,535
Employed	51,005	26,790	24,215
Unemployed	5,395	3,080	2,320
Not in the labour force	34,890	15,645	19,250
Participation rate	61.8	65.6	58.0
Employment rate	55.9	58.9	52.9
Unemployment rate	9.6	10.3	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,295	45,510	45,780
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,965	15,685	19,280
Worked	56,330	29,830	26,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,935	16,725	12,210
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,395	13,105	14,290
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.0	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,400	29,870	26,530
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895
Employee	48,025	25,095	22,930
Permanent position	40,165	21,550	18,620
Temporary position	7,855	3,550	4,310
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,890	730	1,165
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,965	2,815	3,145
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,090	4,125	2,970
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,400	29,870	26,530
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	275	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,395	1,735	5,660
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,935	2,220	715
3 Health occupations	4,095	750	3,340
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,785	1,975	4,810
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	985	325	660
6 Sales and service occupations	13,730	5,505	8,230
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,600	11,505	1,095
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,105	2,270	830
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,090	2,655	430
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,400	29,870	26,530
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635
All industries¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,735	2,680	1,055
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,315	1,110	210
22 Utilities	355	250	110
23 Construction	4,605	3,870	735
31-33 Manufacturing	5,530	4,570	965
41 Wholesale trade	1,515	1,155	350
44-45 Retail trade	6,635	3,090	3,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,885	2,320	565
51 Information and cultural industries	635	315	315
52 Finance and insurance	1,130	300	830
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	665	305	355
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,235	1,105	1,135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	25	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,775	940	830
61 Educational services	4,095	1,090	3,010
62 Health care and social assistance	7,440	1,355	6,085
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	415	540
72 Accommodation and food services	3,655	1,490	2,160
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,435	1,275	1,160
91 Public administration	3,450	1,555	1,890
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,070	32,210	28,855
English	60,140	31,810	28,330
French	30	10	20
Non-official language	95	45	45
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	25
Non-Indigenous	65	40	30
English and French	250	95	160
English and non-official language(s)	530	245	285
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,070	32,210	28,855
Single responses	60,980	32,190	28,795
Official languages	60,815	32,110	28,710
English	60,745	32,085	28,660
French	70	25	50
Non-official languages	170	80	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	10	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	10	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	70	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	25	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	30	0
Chinese languages	35	30	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	20	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	25	60
English and French	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	55	15	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,070	32,210	28,855
None	60,345	31,885	28,460
English	110	45	70
French	185	75	115
Non-official language	380	195	180
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	50
Non-Indigenous	285	150	130
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,005	26,790	24,215
Worked at home	5,875	2,525	3,350
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10
No fixed workplace address	7,590	5,665	1,920
Usual place of work	37,520	18,580	18,940
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,515	18,575	18,940
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,295	12,585	13,705
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,510	4,825	4,685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,570	1,040	530
Commute to a different province or territory	145	125	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,105	24,240	20,865
Car, truck or van	41,015	22,155	18,860
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,900	20,740	17,160
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,115	1,420	1,695
Public transit	1,150	565	590
Walked	1,735	770	965
Bicycle	320	220	100
Other method	890	540	350
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,105	24,240	20,865
Less than 15 minutes	23,750	11,340	12,410
15 to 29 minutes	14,610	8,175	6,430
30 to 44 minutes	3,090	1,960	1,135
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	830	400
60 minutes and over	2,430	1,945	490
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,105	24,240	20,865
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,725	3,030	695
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,805	4,285	2,520
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,230	6,410	5,820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,440	4,225	6,210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,475	1,805	2,670
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,430	4,480	2,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,950	11,870	11,080
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,065	550	515
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,885	11,320	10,565
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,980	8,790	8,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	420	405
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	195	210
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	420	225	195
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,155	8,370	7,785

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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