Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fleetwood--Port KellsMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	124,987	...	...
Population, 2016¹	116,958	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,750	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,807	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,797.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	69.52	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	124,985	61,970	63,010
0 to 14 years	20,025	10,370	9,650
0 to 4 years	5,580	2,845	2,735
5 to 9 years	6,730	3,510	3,225
10 to 14 years	7,710	4,015	3,690
15 to 64 years	85,770	42,595	43,175
15 to 19 years	8,260	4,270	3,990
20 to 24 years	9,515	5,005	4,515
25 to 29 years	8,755	4,575	4,180
30 to 34 years	8,160	4,060	4,100
35 to 39 years	8,430	4,100	4,325
40 to 44 years	8,405	4,045	4,360
45 to 49 years	8,330	3,885	4,440
50 to 54 years	8,920	4,265	4,655
55 to 59 years	9,055	4,495	4,560
60 to 64 years	7,945	3,895	4,055
65 years and over	19,195	9,010	10,185
65 to 69 years	6,385	3,125	3,260
70 to 74 years	5,120	2,495	2,625
75 to 79 years	3,320	1,515	1,805
80 to 84 years	2,175	995	1,175
85 years and over	2,190	870	1,320
85 to 89 years	1,310	545	760
90 to 94 years	680	265	410
95 to 99 years	170	45	115
100 years and over	35	5	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.7	15.3
15 to 64 years	68.6	68.7	68.5
65 years and over	15.4	14.5	16.2
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.1
Average age of the population	40.1	39.3	40.9
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,805	...	...
Single-detached house	13,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...
Row house	6,235	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,260	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,540	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,805	...	...
1 person	5,530	...	...
2 persons	9,505	...	...
3 persons	7,170	...	...
4 persons	7,675	...	...
5 or more persons	7,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	124,105	61,670	62,440
Average household size	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,965	51,605	53,365
Married or living common-law	62,795	31,340	31,460
Married	58,850	29,355	29,495
Living common-law	3,950	1,980	1,965
Living common law - Never married	2,780	1,400	1,380
Living common law - Separated	210	115	95
Living common law - Divorced	875	445	435
Living common law - Widowed	85	25	60
Not married and not living common-law	42,170	20,265	21,905
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,955	16,910	14,040
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,960	775	1,190
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,250	1,645	2,600
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005	935	4,070
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,005	...	...
2 persons	13,770	...	...
3 persons	8,570	...	...
4 persons	9,125	...	...
5 or more persons	3,535	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,010	...	...
Total couple families	30,050	...	...
Married couples	28,075	...	...
With children⁶	18,345	...	...
Without children	9,735	...	...
Common-law couples	1,975	...	...
With children⁶	855	...	...
Without children	1,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,955	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,950	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	124,105	61,665	62,440
Total - Persons in census families	108,430	54,305	54,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,105	30,050	30,050
Parents in one-parent families	4,955	1,005	3,950
Children⁶	43,375	23,250	20,115
In a two-parent family	35,685	19,050	16,640
In a one-parent family	7,685	4,205	3,480
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,680	7,360	8,320
Living alone	5,530	2,620	2,910
Living with other relatives⁷	5,405	2,010	3,390
Living with non-relatives only	4,740	2,730	2,015
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,805	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,100	...	...
Couple-family households	20,060	...	...
With children⁶	13,300	...	...
Without children	6,765	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,040	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,595	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	940	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,100	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,540	...	...
One-person households	5,530	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,105	51,305	52,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,750	49,150	50,605
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,800	49,175	50,625
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,250	44,125	43,120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,210	37,825	35,385
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,745	39,555	45,190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,000	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,495	3,970	5,520
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,450	15,715	16,735
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,980	51,180	52,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,595	49,125	50,470
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	53,700	40,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,625	49,145	50,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,320	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,070	44,140	42,925
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	51,250	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,230	37,825	35,400
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	51,700	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,495	39,485	45,010
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,530	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,555	3,940	5,620
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,395	5,560	6,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,465	15,780	16,695
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	9,000	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,985	51,175	52,805
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,685	19,025	13,660
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	74,600	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,715	13,570	16,145
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,080	30,280	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	85.8	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	74.2	63.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	14.3	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.9	6.5	9.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	5.4	7.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,105	51,305	52,800
Without total income	4,355	2,155	2,195
With total income	99,755	49,150	50,600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,545	4,980	6,565
$10,000 to $19,999	13,080	5,765	7,315
$20,000 to $29,999	16,140	7,025	9,110
$30,000 to $39,999	12,730	5,655	7,075
$40,000 to $49,999	11,065	5,070	5,995
$50,000 to $59,999	8,940	4,255	4,680
$60,000 to $69,999	6,705	3,715	2,995
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,060	1,935
$80,000 to $89,999	3,695	2,220	1,475
$90,000 to $99,999	2,865	1,775	1,090
$100,000 and over	7,985	5,620	2,365
$100,000 to $149,999	5,705	3,825	1,880
$150,000 and over	2,280	1,795	485
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,105	51,305	52,800
Without after-tax income	4,305	2,130	2,180
With after-tax income	99,800	49,180	50,620
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,840	5,105	6,735
$10,000 to $19,999	13,430	5,930	7,500
$20,000 to $29,999	18,130	7,930	10,200
$30,000 to $39,999	14,730	6,755	7,975
$40,000 to $49,999	12,495	5,815	6,675
$50,000 to $59,999	9,280	4,895	4,385
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	3,825	2,530
$70,000 to $79,999	4,430	2,685	1,745
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	1,940	1,155
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	1,250	680
$100,000 and over	4,090	3,040	1,045
$100,000 to $124,999	2,240	1,580	660
$125,000 and over	1,845	1,460	390
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,105	51,305	52,800
Without employment income	30,895	13,485	17,415
With employment income	73,210	37,820	35,385
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,480	4,390	5,090
$5,000 to $9,999	6,640	2,860	3,780
$10,000 to $19,999	9,340	4,215	5,125
$20,000 to $29,999	6,955	3,155	3,800
$30,000 to $39,999	7,230	3,350	3,880
$40,000 to $49,999	7,015	3,415	3,600
$50,000 to $59,999	6,315	3,200	3,115
$60,000 to $69,999	4,985	2,955	2,030
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,445	1,415
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	1,785	1,065
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	1,530	820
$100,000 and over	6,185	4,525	1,660
$100,000 to $124,999	3,175	2,160	1,015
$125,000 and over	3,005	2,365	645
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,105	51,305	52,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,945	47,180	48,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,160	47,215	48,945
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,710	43,235	42,470
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,875	37,970	35,910
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,005	28,760	38,240
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040	1,450	4,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,105	2,355	3,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,520	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,980	51,180	52,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,710	47,105	48,605
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	51,350	36,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,915	47,130	48,780
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,280	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	43,145	42,370
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	51,950	35,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,900	38,135	35,765
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	51,550	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,825	28,735	38,085
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,205	7,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,020	2,415	3,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,695	7,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,985	51,175	52,805
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,390	18,840	13,545
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	61,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	71,400	54,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,875	12,835	15,045
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	26,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	35,960	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.6	84.6
Employment income (%)	77.8	81.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.4	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,805	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,530	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,280	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,805	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,545	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,260	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,810	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	445	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	840	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	800	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	815	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,000	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,005	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,090	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,320	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,955	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,575	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,590	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,810	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	890	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	880	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,170	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,215	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,485	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,485	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,755	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,180	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,085	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,650	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,320	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,990	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,870	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,270	5,345	4,925
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,590	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,245	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,995	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,760	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,185	5,185	5,000
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,880	45,840	39,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,560	39,480	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	124,110	61,670	62,440
0 to 17 years	24,785	12,840	11,950
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,470	3,340
18 to 64 years	80,805	40,025	40,780
65 years and over	18,515	8,805	9,710
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,735	4,655	5,085
0 to 17 years	2,495	1,275	1,215
0 to 5 years	655	315	340
18 to 64 years	5,405	2,555	2,845
65 years and over	1,840	820	1,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9	7.6	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.1	10.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.4	7.0
65 years and over (%)	9.9	9.3	10.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,105	61,665	62,440
0 to 17 years	24,790	12,840	11,950
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,475	3,340
18 to 64 years	80,800	40,025	40,780
65 years and over	18,515	8,805	9,710
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,780	3,455	3,330
0 to 17 years	1,440	765	680
0 to 5 years	340	175	165
18 to 64 years	4,580	2,340	2,235
65 years and over	760	345	415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.6	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	124,110	61,665	62,440
In bottom half of the distribution	52,375	25,675	26,705
In bottom decile	9,790	4,850	4,940
In second decile	9,495	4,505	4,985
In third decile	9,835	4,890	4,945
In fourth decile	11,220	5,505	5,710
In fifth decile	12,040	5,920	6,115
In top half of the distribution	71,735	35,995	35,740
In sixth decile	13,260	6,595	6,660
In seventh decile	14,250	7,140	7,105
In eighth decile	15,185	7,600	7,590
In ninth decile	15,920	7,950	7,975
In top decile	13,120	6,710	6,410
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	124,105	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,475	61,800	62,680
English only	111,765	56,355	55,405
French only	50	30	25
English and French	3,785	1,745	2,045
Neither English nor French	8,875	3,670	5,210
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,475	61,800	62,680
English	114,660	57,640	57,020
French	525	285	240
English and French	560	260	305
Neither English nor French	8,730	3,605	5,120
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,475	61,800	62,680
Single responses	115,075	57,190	57,885
Official languages	46,820	24,205	22,610
English	46,340	23,945	22,400
French	475	260	215
Non-official languages	68,255	32,985	35,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	68,245	32,985	35,265
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,730	900	825
Berber languages	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Chadic languages	5	5	0
Hausa	5	5	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	5
Somali	45	30	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,670	860	805
Amharic	75	35	40
Arabic	1,265	650	615
Aramaic languages	235	125	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	60	55
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	15	15
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	95	55	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,485	1,605	1,875
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	105	110
Vietnamese	3,260	1,500	1,760
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,245	3,225	4,015
Bikol	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	35	45
Cebuano	205	95	110
Fijian	25	10	10
Hiligaynon	90	35	55
Ilocano	470	210	265
Indonesian	145	65	80
Kankanaey	25	10	15
Kinaray-a	5	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30
Pangasinan	25	5	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,025	2,680	3,345
Waray-Waray	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25
Creole languages	55	25	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	15	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	925	480	450
Kannada	35	15	20
Malayalam	330	165	160
Tamil	405	215	185
Telugu	150	80	75
Tulu	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	35,880	17,745	18,135
Albanian	110	55	55
Armenian	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,555	750	800
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,550	750	800
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	15	15
Czech	75	40	35
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	635	305	330
Russian	335	150	185
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	310	160	155
Bosnian	60	30	30
Croatian	155	80	75
Serbian	90	45	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	115	60	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,015	455	565
Frisian	5	5	0
High German languages	565	265	300
German	550	260	285
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	370	150	220
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	330	135	195
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	5
Plautdietsch	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	40
Danish	50	25	30
Icelandic	5	5	0
Norwegian	15	5	10
Swedish	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	115	60	60
Indo-Iranian languages	30,740	15,270	15,470
Indo-Aryan languages	29,810	14,790	15,015
Assamese	25	10	10
Bengali	215	120	95
Gujarati	350	175	180
Hindi	2,830	1,360	1,465
Kacchi	15	10	5
Kashmiri	5	0	0
Konkani	20	10	15
Marathi	75	40	40
Nepali	150	70	70
Oriya languages	5	5	5
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	24,520	12,200	12,320
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	250	115	130
Urdu	1,280	635	645
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30
Iranian languages	935	480	455
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	85	40	40
Parsi	10	5	5
Pashto	80	45	35
Persian languages	760	390	370
Dari	445	220	225
Iranian Persian	205	110	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	60	45
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,305	1,135	1,170
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	305	155	155
Portuguese	405	190	210
Romanian	155	75	80
Spanish	1,440	710	730
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	240	85	155
Korean	4,175	1,995	2,175
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	270	135	135
Akan (Twi)	35	20	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5
Éwé	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	10	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	5	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10
Lingala	15	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	15	5	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0
Swahili	70	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0
Dinka	5	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,540	6,450	7,095
Chinese languages	13,380	6,360	7,015
Hakka	85	30	50
Mandarin	9,515	4,525	4,995
Min Dong	10	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	685	330	360
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	45	45
Yue (Cantonese)	2,940	1,400	1,535
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	35	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	75
Burmese	70	30	35
Kuki-Chin languages	20	10	10
Karenic languages	30	20	10
S'gaw Karen	20	15	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Tibetan	30	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	360	165	195
Lao	290	150	145
Thai	60	15	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Turkic languages	100	50	45
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	60	35	25
Uyghur	25	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	185	85	100
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	30	15	15
Hungarian	150	75	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Multiple responses	9,405	4,605	4,795
English and French	135	65	70
English and non-official language(s)	8,315	4,105	4,215
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50
Multiple non-official languages	795	365	435
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,475	61,800	62,680
English	48,940	25,135	23,805
French	85	40	45
Non-official language	25,680	12,200	13,480
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25,680	12,200	13,480
English and French	350	170	175
English and non-official language(s)	46,805	22,995	23,815
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	635	280	350
Multiple non-official languages	1,960	955	1,005
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,475	61,800	62,680
Single responses	112,705	56,000	56,705
Official languages	65,330	33,055	32,275
English	65,180	32,975	32,205
French	150	80	70
Non-official languages	47,375	22,945	24,425
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,375	22,945	24,425
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,110	540	570
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	20	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	0
Somali	30	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,075	515	560
Amharic	40	15	20
Arabic	795	380	420
Aramaic languages	185	95	95
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	30	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	100	55	45
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	50	30	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,445	1,105	1,340
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	60	75
Vietnamese	2,305	1,045	1,265
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,980	1,860	2,125
Bikol	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15
Cebuano	105	50	50
Fijian	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	55	25	25
Ilocano	245	120	130
Indonesian	45	20	20
Kankanaey	10	5	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15
Pangasinan	0	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,420	1,595	1,830
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Creole languages	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	25	15	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	600	305	300
Kannada	25	10	15
Malayalam	200	105	95
Tamil	265	135	130
Telugu	105	50	55
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	24,570	12,130	12,445
Albanian	60	35	30
Armenian	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	710	335	370
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	710	335	370
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5
Czech	25	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	275	135	145
Russian	210	105	110
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	125	60	70
Bosnian	25	15	15
Croatian	50	20	30
Serbian	50	25	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	35	40
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	15
German	35	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5
Danish	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	22,540	11,145	11,395
Indo-Aryan languages	21,965	10,855	11,110
Assamese	5	0	5
Bengali	160	90	75
Gujarati	205	100	105
Hindi	1,605	780	830
Kacchi	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	45	25	25
Nepali	100	50	55
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,690	9,260	9,430
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	55	75
Urdu	980	485	495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15
Iranian languages	575	285	285
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	60	30	30
Parsi	5	5	0
Pashto	50	25	25
Persian languages	455	225	230
Dari	265	130	135
Iranian Persian	125	60	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,125	540	585
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	20	35
Portuguese	165	80	90
Romanian	50	25	25
Spanish	845	415	430
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	100	40	55
Korean	3,440	1,640	1,805
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	15	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	25
American Sign Language	55	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,600	5,075	5,530
Chinese languages	10,500	5,025	5,475
Hakka	20	10	15
Mandarin	7,850	3,770	4,080
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	445	215	230
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	35	35
Yue (Cantonese)	2,060	970	1,090
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	50	50
Burmese	45	25	20
Kuki-Chin languages	20	10	10
Karenic languages	15	5	5
S'gaw Karen	10	10	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	20	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115
Lao	165	85	85
Thai	35	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	35	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	45	20	20
Uyghur	20	10	10
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	11,765	5,795	5,975
English and French	65	35	35
English and non-official language(s)	11,310	5,565	5,740
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20
Multiple non-official languages	325	160	170
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,475	61,795	62,680
None	84,380	42,195	42,185
English	17,270	8,565	8,710
French	415	185	235
Non-official language	17,525	8,485	9,035
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	17,520	8,480	9,035
English and French	110	55	55
English and non-official language(s)	2,715	1,355	1,360
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,785	835	945
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,990	61,425	62,570
Official languages	115,200	57,855	57,345
English	115,180	57,850	57,335
French	3,740	1,750	1,990
Non-official languages	85,560	41,380	44,180
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85,550	41,380	44,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,000	1,030	970
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	55	20	30
Hausa	55	20	30
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	45	20
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	60	45	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,930	990	935
Amharic	150	80	70
Arabic	1,570	805	765
Aramaic languages	295	155	145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	55	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	60
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75	40	35
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	170	90	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,745	2,215	2,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	175	160
Vietnamese	4,450	2,055	2,395
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10,030	4,420	5,610
Bikol	30	15	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	40	65
Cebuano	400	190	215
Fijian	75	40	35
Hiligaynon	220	90	130
Ilocano	740	295	445
Indonesian	235	120	115
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	20	0	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	170	90	90
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90
Pangasinan	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,370	4,100	5,275
Waray-Waray	45	20	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	155	75	80
Creole languages	140	70	70
Haitian Creole	10	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	55	30	25
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,505	740	765
Kannada	135	65	70
Malayalam	470	250	225
Tamil	760	380	380
Telugu	270	135	130
Tulu	25	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	46,515	23,030	23,490
Albanian	215	85	130
Armenian	25	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,845	920	925
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,845	920	920
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15
Czech	85	55	40
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	740	365	380
Russian	535	265	270
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	405	215	190
Bosnian	95	60	35
Croatian	230	110	120
Serbian	125	75	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10
Ukrainian	180	80	100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0
Irish	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,355	640	720
Frisian	10	0	0
High German languages	810	380	435
German	795	370	420
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	465	210	250
Afrikaans	85	45	40
Dutch	380	170	210
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	135	80	55
Danish	60	35	35
Icelandic	20	10	10
Norwegian	40	15	20
Swedish	35	35	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	205	115	90
Indo-Iranian languages	39,765	19,745	20,015
Indo-Aryan languages	38,685	19,185	19,505
Assamese	30	20	10
Bengali	315	170	145
Gujarati	680	370	310
Hindi	11,930	5,795	6,135
Kacchi	35	10	25
Kashmiri	20	10	15
Konkani	55	25	25
Marathi	180	105	70
Nepali	205	85	115
Oriya languages	15	10	10
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	31,945	15,875	16,065
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	30	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	330	145	190
Urdu	2,325	1,185	1,145
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65
Iranian languages	1,320	710	605
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	150	85	65
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	180	100	85
Persian languages	1,050	560	495
Dari	570	310	260
Iranian Persian	360	190	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	55	65
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,625	1,815	1,815
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	515	255	260
Portuguese	480	235	245
Romanian	190	120	75
Spanish	2,575	1,290	1,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	620	280	340
Korean	4,790	2,325	2,470
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	705	355	355
Akan (Twi)	100	45	60
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	10
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	25	0	15
Ganda	15	10	10
Gikuyu	25	10	10
Igbo	30	20	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	35	20
Lingala	25	15	0
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0
Shona	40	15	25
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	310	160	145
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	60	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	30	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	15
Dinka	10	0	0
Nuer	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	135	50	85
American Sign Language	135	50	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,920	7,720	8,200
Chinese languages	15,770	7,635	8,135
Hakka	180	80	100
Mandarin	12,805	6,270	6,535
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,260	610	650
Wu (Shanghainese)	135	65	70
Yue (Cantonese)	4,285	1,995	2,290
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	40	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	70
Burmese	45	20	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	575	295	280
Lao	430	225	210
Thai	180	85	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Turkic languages	185	105	80
Azerbaijani	15	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	155	90	70
Uyghur	30	10	15
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	195	80	115
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15
Hungarian	160	75	85
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,990	61,425	62,575
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,970	930	1,035
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,885	890	1,000
First Nations (North American Indian)	950	445	505
Métis	920	435	485
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	20	10
Non-Indigenous identity	122,020	60,490	61,535
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,990	61,425	62,575
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	605	240	365
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	123,385	61,180	62,205
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,805	...	...
Owner	28,590	...	...
Renter	9,215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,805	...	...
Condominium	5,025	...	...
Not condominium	32,780	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,805	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...
1 bedroom	2,905	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,940	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,545	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,805	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,190	...	...
5 rooms	5,900	...	...
6 rooms	4,550	...	...
7 rooms	3,875	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,295	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,805	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,095	...	...
More than one person per room	2,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,805	...	...
Suitable	33,800	...	...
Not suitable	4,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,805	...	...
1960 or before	745	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,325	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,840	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,870	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,910	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,000	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,805	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,475	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,330	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,805	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,125	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,290	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,390	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,805	...	...
15 to 24 years	755	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,845	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,150	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,915	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,280	...	...
85 years and over	880	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,705	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,510	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,195	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,805	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,245	...	...
Not suitable only	3,275	...	...
Major repairs needed only	805	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	565	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	360	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,385	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,810	...	...
In core need	5,055	...	...
Not in core need	31,750	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,565	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,006	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,140,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,215	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,388	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,995	61,420	62,570
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600	280	320
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	595	280	315
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	370	150	220
Métis single ancestry	220	125	95
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,515	745	770
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,475	725	750
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	920	465	450
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	540	245	290
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,875	60,395	61,475
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,995	61,420	62,570
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,185	50,540	50,645
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,355	11,350	11,005
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,825	39,195	39,635
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,810	10,885	11,925
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,995	61,420	62,570
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,065	28,290	26,775
Immigrants⁸¹	63,295	30,195	33,100
Before 1980	6,530	3,160	3,370
1980 to 1990	7,535	3,730	3,805
1991 to 2000	14,655	7,160	7,500
2001 to 2010	18,335	8,600	9,735
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,235	7,545	8,695
2011 to 2015	8,215	3,720	4,495
2016 to 2021	8,020	3,825	4,200
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,635	2,940	2,700
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	63,290	30,190	33,100
Under 5 years	4,280	2,280	2,005
5 to 14 years	9,295	4,780	4,510
15 to 24 years	13,900	6,350	7,550
25 to 44 years	27,030	12,705	14,330
45 years and over	8,780	4,075	4,710
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	63,290	30,190	33,100
Americas	2,530	1,315	1,215
Brazil	125	65	55
Colombia	155	70	85
El Salvador	345	195	150
Guyana	30	15	15
Haiti	15	10	0
Jamaica	185	95	95
Mexico	195	75	120
Peru	90	55	35
Trinidad and Tobago	90	45	45
United States of America	715	395	320
Other places of birth in Americas	590	295	295
Europe	4,400	2,180	2,225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	65	50
Croatia	135	75	65
France	45	25	20
Germany	320	135	185
Greece	70	45	25
Hungary	80	35	45
Italy	235	130	105
Netherlands	295	125	175
Poland	555	270	285
Portugal	190	85	110
Romania	160	80	80
Russian Federation	125	55	70
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	20
Ukraine	155	75	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,240	635	605
Other places of birth in Europe	640	335	310
Africa	1,735	870	860
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95	55	40
Egypt	155	75	80
Eritrea	115	55	60
Ethiopia	120	60	60
Morocco	10	0	10
Nigeria	220	100	120
Somalia	35	30	0
South Africa, Republic of	150	70	75
Other places of birth in Africa	845	420	420
Asia	52,765	25,000	27,770
Afghanistan	420	205	215
Iran⁸⁸	325	185	140
Iraq	585	325	265
Lebanon	80	30	50
Syria⁸⁹	240	120	125
Turkey	40	25	15
China⁹⁰	7,950	3,665	4,285
Hong Kong⁹¹	925	460	460
Korea, South⁹²	3,370	1,600	1,770
Taiwan	2,275	1,115	1,160
Philippines	9,255	4,095	5,160
Viet Nam	3,000	1,335	1,670
Bangladesh	170	90	75
India	19,570	9,505	10,065
Pakistan	1,210	615	590
Sri Lanka	505	230	270
Other places of birth in Asia	2,845	1,395	1,445
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,860	835	1,030
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,020	3,820	4,200
Americas	450	250	200
Brazil	65	35	30
Colombia	35	20	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	30	20
Mexico	20	15	10
United States of America	110	75	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	150	75	70
Europe	180	80	105
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	30	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	40
Africa	375	190	185
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	65	35	35
Ethiopia	25	15	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	100	40	55
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	30
Asia	6,965	3,280	3,690
Afghanistan	40	15	25
Bangladesh	45	15	25
China⁹⁰	1,200	550	645
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	50	20
India	3,080	1,475	1,605
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15
Iraq	125	65	60
Israel	10	10	0
Japan	25	0	25
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	430	205	225
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	25	10	15
Pakistan	225	135	95
Philippines	1,055	470	590
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	145	80	70
Turkey	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10
Viet Nam	175	65	115
Other places of birth in Asia	205	75	135
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20
Australia	20	0	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	25	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,990	61,425	62,570
First generation¹⁰⁰	70,020	33,660	36,365
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,130	17,615	16,515
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,835	10,145	9,695
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	56,765	27,035	29,730
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,685	14,160	14,525
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,180	6,595	4,585
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,510	7,565	9,950
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	21,780	9,440	12,335
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,855	3,230	2,625
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	440	205	235
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	56,765	27,035	29,730
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,350	805	550
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,325	1,665	2,660
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,305	720	590
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,250	1,195	1,060
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	275	130	145
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	47,250	22,525	24,730
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,990	61,425	62,575
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	94,400	46,475	47,920
South Asian	42,855	21,415	21,440
Chinese	16,860	8,225	8,635
Black	2,425	1,270	1,155
Filipino	12,310	5,740	6,565
Arab	1,395	690	700
Latin American	1,805	925	875
Southeast Asian	6,250	2,965	3,285
West Asian	1,245	670	575
Korean	4,925	2,410	2,515
Japanese	490	225	265
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,050	560	490
Multiple visible minorities	2,795	1,370	1,420
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,600	14,945	14,650
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,995	61,420	62,570
Canadian	6,445	3,295	3,150
English	8,105	4,120	3,990
Irish	4,700	2,370	2,330
Scottish	5,925	2,790	3,135
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,490	1,220	1,270
German	5,020	2,475	2,545
Chinese	16,360	7,990	8,370
Italian	1,835	880	955
Indian (India)	23,770	11,735	12,030
Ukrainian	2,350	1,220	1,130
Dutch	2,210	1,030	1,180
Polish	1,980	935	1,045
Québécois	40	15	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,770	830	940
Filipino	11,935	5,600	6,330
French Canadian	265	160	105
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,130	655	475
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	825	410	420
Métis	805	395	410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	995	495	500
Russian	1,130	505	625
Norwegian	1,265	595	675
Welsh	760	395	365
Portuguese	660	315	345
American	615	345	270
Spanish	1,400	605	795
Swedish	930	450	480
Hungarian	585	290	295
Acadian	35	15	20
Pakistani	1,570	745	825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	315	360
Jewish	110	40	75
Punjabi	9,235	4,695	4,540
Vietnamese	4,985	2,345	2,640
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	490	265	230
Greek	230	115	110
Jamaican	290	170	120
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,140	995	1,145
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	80	90
Korean	4,785	2,340	2,445
Romanian	460	255	210
Lebanese	170	80	90
Iranian	345	185	160
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	465	225	240
Danish	460	225	235
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	65	85
Sikh	7,360	3,705	3,655
Austrian	435	160	275
Belgian	130	65	65
Haitian	20	10	10
Hindu	1,770	990	785
Mexican	460	215	245
Mennonite	210	115	95
Swiss	200	100	105
Finnish	295	140	150
Sri Lankan	520	265	255
Croatian	360	185	175
Japanese	670	345	325
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,640	790	855
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	100	85
Muslim	485	240	250
Egyptian	245	130	115
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	420	230	185
Tamil	245	135	115
Icelandic	310	170	140
Colombian	170	85	85
Moroccan	15	0	15
Czech	190	85	105
Syrian	195	120	80
Guyanese	20	10	15
Afghan	690	355	335
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	75	55
Serbian	195	110	90
Ojibway	50	15	30
Newfoundlander	25	25	10
Hong Konger	280	145	140
Ontarian	25	10	20
Persian	200	105	100
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	35	20
Turkish	110	70	45
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	195	105	90
Algerian	10	0	10
Brazilian	160	80	85
Nigerian	160	95	65
Armenian	105	50	55
Slovak	75	30	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	50	80
Somali	55	40	15
Taiwanese	1,925	910	1,015
Iraqi	225	110	115
Salvadorean	320	170	150
African Caribbean	110	55	55
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	620	280	335
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	85	85
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105	50	55
Algonquin	30	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20
Lithuanian	30	15	15
South African	180	100	80
Australian	130	60	70
Palestinian	155	70	85
Chilean	100	50	45
Congolese	100	40	55
Nova Scotian	35	10	25
Ethiopian	105	40	65
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	70	45
Peruvian	125	75	45
Yoruba	60	35	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	405	210	195
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	200	85	115
Maltese	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	95	50	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	40
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	155	90	70
Eritrean	125	70	50
African Canadian	55	30	20
Israeli	20	10	10
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	30
Bulgarian	25	10	10
Albertan	25	15	10
Ghanaian	165	80	85
Barbadian	55	20	30
African American	70	40	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	20	35
Cuban	25	20	10
Bosnian	120	70	50
Venezuelan	50	30	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	15	10
Bengali	55	35	20
Cameroonian	30	15	15
Guatemalan	80	50	30
Indonesian	220	120	105
Laotian	580	305	280
Ilocano	505	240	265
Northern Irish	45	15	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	20
British Columbian	300	140	160
Ecuadorian	30	15	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	15	10
Estonian	50	30	25
Kurdish	140	75	65
Fijian	1,680	815	855
Jatt	920	480	430
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	30	0
Coptic	35	15	15
Thai	120	40	80
Dominican	35	10	30
Nepali	155	55	95
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	90	50	40
Igbo	125	65	60
Byelorussian	30	25	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	35	25	15
Sudanese	10	10	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	245	100	150
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15
Buddhist	260	130	130
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	20	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	60	35	25
Nicaraguan	65	25	40
Mauritian	40	20	25
Kenyan	105	45	65
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	10	0	10
Jordanian	90	45	45
Manitoban	20	10	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	45	25	20
Malayali	40	20	20
Chaldean	120	55	65
Sinhalese	200	90	110
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	60	35	25
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10
Sicilian	10	10	0
Pashtun	75	40	35
Malay	80	55	25
Goan	25	10	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	40	25	15
Zimbabwean	15	0	15
Burmese	60	30	30
Mongolian	40	20	25
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	10	20
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	10	10
Yemeni	15	0	15
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10
Igorot	50	30	20
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	20	0	15
Roma	15	15	0
Costa Rican	20	0	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	40	25	10
Singaporean	65	30	35
Karen	75	50	25
Edo	20	10	15
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	35	20	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,990	61,425	62,570
Buddhist	4,235	1,890	2,350
Christian	43,340	20,585	22,760
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,320	6,495	6,825
Anabaptist	340	155	185
Anglican	940	430	510
Baptist	1,615	780	835
Catholic	17,570	8,255	9,310
Christian Orthodox	1,040	560	480
Jehovah's Witness	770	360	405
Latter Day Saints	185	75	105
Lutheran	545	220	320
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	105
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,975	965	1,015
Presbyterian	950	450	500
Reformed	380	155	225
United Church	1,250	485	765
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,265	1,100	1,170
Hindu	6,480	3,335	3,145
Jewish	70	55	15
Muslim	5,965	2,970	2,995
Sikh	30,380	15,115	15,265
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	25	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	495	235	260
No religion and secular perspectives	32,945	17,205	15,745
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	122,930	60,860	62,065
Non-movers	108,035	53,565	54,470
Movers	14,890	7,295	7,595
Non-migrants	9,630	4,720	4,915
Migrants	5,260	2,580	2,685
Internal migrants	3,575	1,770	1,810
Intraprovincial migrants	2,655	1,270	1,390
Interprovincial migrants	920	500	420
External migrants	1,680	810	870
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	118,515	58,610	59,910
Non-movers	72,505	35,770	36,730
Movers	46,020	22,840	23,175
Non-migrants	23,885	11,795	12,085
Migrants	22,135	11,040	11,085
Internal migrants	12,310	6,190	6,120
Intraprovincial migrants	9,730	4,820	4,910
Interprovincial migrants	2,580	1,365	1,210
External migrants	9,825	4,855	4,965
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	51,175	52,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,925	8,775	9,155
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,050	42,410	43,650
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,820	33,210	34,610
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,405	3,940	3,465
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,415	29,270	31,145
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	51,180	52,800
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,870	8,110	8,760
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,760	16,210	15,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,350	26,860	28,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,440	12,850	12,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,635	4,130	1,505
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000	1,845	1,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,630	2,285	345
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,020	6,495	8,525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,785	2,225	2,560
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,910	14,010	15,905
Bachelor's degree	20,255	9,220	11,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,040	880	1,165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750	365	385
Master's degree	6,150	3,035	3,115
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	510	205
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,820	33,205	34,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,720	3,520	3,205
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,665	9,090	8,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,435	20,595	22,835
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,520	9,135	9,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,930	2,875	1,060
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,190	1,365	825
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,735	1,510	230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,120	4,690	6,430
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,475	1,570	1,905
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,910	11,465	13,450
Bachelor's degree	16,565	7,435	9,135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,710	730	985
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	280	345
Master's degree	5,430	2,630	2,805
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	575	390	180
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,980	51,180	52,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,635	24,320	24,315
Education	3,035	680	2,355
13. Education	3,035	680	2,355
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,665	645	1,025
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	160	50
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460	485	975
Humanities	4,565	1,850	2,715
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	520	125	395
23. English language and literature/letters	625	210	415
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,485	1,025	1,465
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	135	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	245	125
54. History	285	105	180
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,645	2,055	3,595
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	155	360
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	860	100	760
22. Legal professions and studies	805	290	510
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	50	60
42. Psychology	815	190	625
45. Social sciences	2,480	1,250	1,235
Business, management and public administration	12,210	5,275	6,930
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	130	255
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,805	5,140	6,670
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,645	1,400	1,250
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	870	395	470
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,015	485	535
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	685	490	200
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,585	2,320	1,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,125	2,095	1,030
25. Library science	70	10	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	200	155
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,640	9,355	1,285
04. Architecture and related services	315	190	125
14. Engineering	4,220	3,410	800
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,935	1,685	250
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,785	1,730	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,605	1,570	35
48. Precision production	775	760	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	790	415	380
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	610	315	295
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	100	85
Health and related fields	8,415	1,775	6,640
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	405	205	205
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,865	1,480	6,385
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	85	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,155	1,090	1,065
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	420	915
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	300	245	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	405	90
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,825	33,210	34,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,385	12,610	11,775
Education	2,135	380	1,755
13. Education	2,135	380	1,755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	500	810
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	120	30
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	380	780
Humanities	3,220	1,215	2,005
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	100	310
23. English language and literature/letters	470	135	330
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,640	630	1,010
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	80	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	170	105
54. History	220	85	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,440	1,585	2,860
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	125	285
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	60	610
22. Legal professions and studies	645	215	430
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	40	40
42. Psychology	610	140	470
45. Social sciences	1,970	980	985
Business, management and public administration	10,150	4,300	5,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	105	185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,860	4,200	5,655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,985	1,015	975
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	655	280	375
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	340	405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	535	370	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,170	2,045	1,130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,820	1,885	935
25. Library science	50	10	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	130	140
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,075	6,985	1,090
04. Architecture and related services	260	170	95
14. Engineering	3,530	2,805	730
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375	1,185	190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,310	1,265	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,110	1,090	15
48. Precision production	485	465	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	310	300
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	245	240
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	70	60
Health and related fields	6,725	1,395	5,330
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	140	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,335	1,180	5,155
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	70	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	860	740
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,020	360	665
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	215	185	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	305	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,825	33,210	34,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,385	12,610	11,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,440	20,600	22,840
Location of study inside Canada	23,880	11,600	12,285
Same as province or territory of residence	21,045	10,205	10,830
Different than province or territory of residence	2,845	1,390	1,455
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,550	8,995	10,555
Americas	1,285	665	615
United States of America	890	500	395
Mexico	75	25	45
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	15	20
Brazil	85	45	35
Colombia	55	20	35
Peru	25	10	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	95	50	50
Europe	1,250	660	595
Belgium	0	0	0
France	35	15	20
Germany	50	25	25
Netherlands	20	0	15
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0
Poland	140	70	70
Romania	60	25	35
Russian Federation	80	40	35
Ukraine	75	30	40
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	580	330	250
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	10
Italy	25	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	60	60
Africa	315	180	130
Nigeria	45	30	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	75	40	35
South Africa, Republic of	80	50	30
Other locations of study in Africa	110	70	45
Asia	16,365	7,325	9,040
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	30
Iraq	100	55	45
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	15
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25
Turkey	25	15	0
China⁹⁰	3,130	1,485	1,645
Taiwan	625	260	360
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	15	40
Japan	100	25	75
Korea, South⁹²	1,200	535	665
Philippines	3,900	1,590	2,315
Viet Nam	195	60	130
Bangladesh	65	20	45
Sri Lanka	135	75	60
India	5,835	2,700	3,130
Pakistan	440	215	220
Other locations of study in Asia	430	205	225
Oceania	340	165	175
Australia	180	85	95
New Zealand	70	35	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	90	45	40
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,980	51,180	52,800
In the labour force	67,980	35,860	32,125
Employed	62,360	33,140	29,215
Unemployed	5,620	2,710	2,910
Not in the labour force	36,000	15,320	20,680
Participation rate	65.4	70.1	60.8
Employment rate	60.0	64.8	55.3
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.6	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,980	51,180	52,805
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,385	16,760	21,625
Worked	65,595	34,415	31,180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,825	19,780	14,040
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,775	14,635	17,135
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.8	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,980	35,855	32,125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260
Employee	55,815	28,045	27,770
Permanent position	46,880	24,000	22,875
Temporary position	8,935	4,040	4,900
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,055	1,450	1,610
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,880	2,590	3,290
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,580	7,085	3,495
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,980	35,855	32,125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	465	330	135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,085	3,630	7,450
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,000	3,950	1,045
3 Health occupations	5,655	1,205	4,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,020	1,830	4,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,605	810	790
6 Sales and service occupations	18,455	8,020	10,440
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,525	12,465	1,055
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	920	655	265
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,665	2,225	1,440
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,980	35,855	32,125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860
All industries¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	915	525	385
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	80	30
22 Utilities	405	245	155
23 Construction	6,135	5,330	795
31-33 Manufacturing	5,550	3,665	1,890
41 Wholesale trade	2,715	1,780	930
44-45 Retail trade	8,255	3,865	4,390
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,645	4,570	1,070
51 Information and cultural industries	1,500	975	525
52 Finance and insurance	2,655	1,090	1,560
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,305	805	500
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,800	2,765	2,035
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	45	70
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,960	1,785	1,175
61 Educational services	3,700	1,125	2,580
62 Health care and social assistance	8,335	1,575	6,760
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	490	495
72 Accommodation and food services	4,430	1,630	2,790
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,240	1,510	1,730
91 Public administration	2,640	1,250	1,385
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,185	37,830	34,350
English	60,225	31,605	28,620
French	20	10	10
Non-official language	2,620	1,365	1,245
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,620	1,365	1,245
English and French	240	95	145
English and non-official language(s)	8,920	4,670	4,250
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	60
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,185	37,830	34,350
Single responses	70,000	36,595	33,405
Official languages	65,085	33,965	31,125
English	65,050	33,955	31,095
French	35	10	30
Non-official languages	4,915	2,630	2,280
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,915	2,630	2,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	90	195
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	285	90	195
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	65	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	60	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,320	1,405	915
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,225	1,350	885
Indo-Aryan languages	2,225	1,350	885
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	25	20	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,175	1,320	855
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	65	45	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0
Korean	655	320	335
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	15
American Sign Language	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,460	715	750
Chinese languages	1,460	715	750
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,220	585	635
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	125	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,185	1,240	950
English and French	35	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	2,125	1,200	915
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,185	37,830	34,350
None	64,830	34,105	30,725
English	2,070	1,130	935
French	200	90	110
Non-official language	4,185	2,075	2,105
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	4,185	2,075	2,105
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	140	85	55
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	745	345	405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,360	33,140	29,215
Worked at home	10,680	5,290	5,385
Worked outside Canada	305	225	80
No fixed workplace address	11,205	8,315	2,885
Usual place of work	40,180	19,310	20,865
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,180	19,310	20,865
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,605	8,365	11,240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,760	10,460	9,300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	700	415	280
Commute to a different province or territory	115	75	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	51,380	27,630	23,750
Car, truck or van	43,555	24,535	19,020
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,190	22,800	16,390
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,365	1,735	2,625
Public transit	5,680	2,110	3,580
Walked	1,125	390	730
Bicycle	160	115	45
Other method	860	475	380
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	51,380	27,630	23,750
Less than 15 minutes	8,330	3,585	4,745
15 to 29 minutes	18,520	9,280	9,240
30 to 44 minutes	14,175	8,785	5,385
45 to 59 minutes	5,260	3,165	2,090
60 minutes and over	5,100	2,810	2,290
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	51,380	27,630	23,750
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,830	2,625	1,205
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,030	4,895	3,135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,980	5,760	5,225
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,015	4,965	5,055
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,275	4,405	4,865
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,245	4,985	4,265
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,375	13,145	12,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,135	585	550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,240	12,560	11,680
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,360	10,070	9,285
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	945	490	460
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	670	330	340
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	160	115
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,410	9,580	8,830

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table