Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Okanagan--ShuswapMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,520	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,605	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	67,773	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,470	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16,158.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,520	66,885	69,640
0 to 14 years	19,130	9,885	9,245
0 to 4 years	5,335	2,755	2,575
5 to 9 years	6,720	3,465	3,255
10 to 14 years	7,070	3,660	3,410
15 to 64 years	78,475	38,500	39,975
15 to 19 years	6,305	3,190	3,115
20 to 24 years	5,215	2,775	2,440
25 to 29 years	5,840	2,990	2,855
30 to 34 years	6,930	3,435	3,495
35 to 39 years	7,595	3,745	3,850
40 to 44 years	7,410	3,610	3,800
45 to 49 years	7,200	3,570	3,630
50 to 54 years	8,140	3,985	4,155
55 to 59 years	10,925	5,065	5,860
60 to 64 years	12,915	6,135	6,780
65 years and over	38,920	18,500	20,420
65 to 69 years	11,985	5,710	6,275
70 to 74 years	10,270	5,060	5,215
75 to 79 years	7,160	3,485	3,675
80 to 84 years	4,765	2,305	2,465
85 years and over	4,730	1,935	2,795
85 to 89 years	2,820	1,275	1,550
90 to 94 years	1,520	545	975
95 to 99 years	340	115	230
100 years and over	45	5	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	14.8	13.3
15 to 64 years	57.5	57.6	57.4
65 years and over	28.5	27.7	29.3
85 years and over	3.5	2.9	4.0
Average age of the population	47.6	46.7	48.4
Median age of the population	51.6	50.4	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,470	...	...
Single-detached house	38,460	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,495	...	...
Row house	3,540	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,185	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,820	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	375	...	...
Other single-attached house	210	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,380	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,470	...	...
1 person	16,730	...	...
2 persons	24,570	...	...
3 persons	7,220	...	...
4 persons	6,060	...	...
5 or more persons	3,890	...	...
Number of persons in private households	133,400	65,505	67,890
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,395	56,995	60,395
Married or living common-law	71,920	35,935	35,985
Married	58,780	29,380	29,405
Living common-law	13,135	6,560	6,580
Living common law - Never married	8,220	4,135	4,080
Living common law - Separated	630	310	325
Living common law - Divorced	3,745	1,895	1,850
Living common law - Widowed	540	215	325
Not married and not living common-law	45,475	21,060	24,415
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,455	13,685	10,770
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,450	1,575	1,870
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,155	3,840	5,310
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,415	1,955	6,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,565	...	...
2 persons	25,840	...	...
3 persons	6,535	...	...
4 persons	5,590	...	...
5 or more persons	2,595	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,560	...	...
Total couple families	35,145	...	...
Married couples	28,580	...	...
With children⁶	10,585	...	...
Without children	17,990	...	...
Common-law couples	6,570	...	...
With children⁶	2,205	...	...
Without children	4,360	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,415	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	133,400	65,505	67,890
Total - Persons in census families	107,765	53,650	54,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	70,300	35,120	35,175
Parents in one-parent families	5,415	1,350	4,065
Children⁶	32,055	17,180	14,875
In a two-parent family	23,990	12,725	11,270
In a one-parent family	8,060	4,450	3,605
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,635	11,855	13,775
Living alone	16,730	7,320	9,410
Living with other relatives⁷	2,945	1,315	1,630
Living with non-relatives only	5,960	3,230	2,735
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,470	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,380	...	...
Couple-family households	31,425	...	...
With children⁶	11,285	...	...
Without children	20,140	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,955	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,345	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	485	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,180	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,345	...	...
One-person households	16,725	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	114,290	55,625	58,655
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,600	54,360	57,240
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,645	54,380	57,265
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,315	49,265	50,055
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	38,000	23,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,045	36,440	34,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,850	44,830	51,020
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	13,200	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,600	6,055	5,545
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,790	12,350	13,440
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	114,350	55,600	58,750
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,805	54,475	57,330
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	56,550	40,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,865	54,510	57,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,680	48,080	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,355	49,475	49,880
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	51,000	32,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,140	36,480	34,660
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	50,600	33,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,940	44,905	51,030
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,690	12,450	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,705	6,070	5,635
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,395	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,835	12,250	13,585
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,560	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	114,350	55,595	58,755
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,710	16,665	12,050
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	73,300	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,600	14,610	16,990
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	22,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	35,800	23,260
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	81.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.6	59.9	49.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	18.1	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	114,285	55,630	58,660
Without total income	2,685	1,270	1,415
With total income	111,605	54,360	57,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,870	3,545	5,325
$10,000 to $19,999	15,020	5,690	9,335
$20,000 to $29,999	19,365	8,120	11,245
$30,000 to $39,999	15,805	6,885	8,915
$40,000 to $49,999	13,110	6,040	7,070
$50,000 to $59,999	10,035	5,155	4,880
$60,000 to $69,999	7,460	4,215	3,250
$70,000 to $79,999	5,540	3,440	2,095
$80,000 to $89,999	4,150	2,635	1,515
$90,000 to $99,999	3,170	2,035	1,135
$100,000 and over	9,070	6,595	2,475
$100,000 to $149,999	6,090	4,285	1,805
$150,000 and over	2,985	2,310	670
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	114,285	55,630	58,660
Without after-tax income	2,640	1,250	1,395
With after-tax income	111,640	54,380	57,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,355	3,690	5,665
$10,000 to $19,999	15,535	5,895	9,640
$20,000 to $29,999	21,520	9,085	12,435
$30,000 to $39,999	18,100	8,055	10,045
$40,000 to $49,999	14,385	7,035	7,355
$50,000 to $59,999	10,285	5,695	4,590
$60,000 to $69,999	7,145	4,405	2,740
$70,000 to $79,999	4,920	3,140	1,780
$80,000 to $89,999	3,315	2,215	1,105
$90,000 to $99,999	2,030	1,415	615
$100,000 and over	5,045	3,750	1,295
$100,000 to $124,999	2,620	1,895	725
$125,000 and over	2,425	1,855	570
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	114,285	55,630	58,660
Without employment income	43,240	19,185	24,055
With employment income	71,040	36,440	34,605
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,035	5,515	6,525
$5,000 to $9,999	5,975	2,575	3,400
$10,000 to $19,999	9,170	3,950	5,220
$20,000 to $29,999	7,285	3,070	4,210
$30,000 to $39,999	6,955	3,100	3,855
$40,000 to $49,999	6,000	2,925	3,070
$50,000 to $59,999	5,245	2,795	2,445
$60,000 to $69,999	4,080	2,465	1,610
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	2,140	1,250
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	1,805	940
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	1,440	735
$100,000 and over	6,000	4,650	1,345
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	2,140	740
$125,000 and over	3,120	2,510	605
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	114,290	55,625	58,655
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,525	53,235	56,290
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,770	53,275	56,490
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,600	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,070	49,010	50,060
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	40,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,400	38,335	37,070
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,665	35,940	44,730
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	12,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,670	5,080	4,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,600	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	114,350	55,600	58,750
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,685	53,325	56,360
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	56,650	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,935	53,335	56,590
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,040	47,320	33,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,100	49,165	49,935
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	53,400	33,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,425	38,405	37,020
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,680	50,920	32,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,035	36,165	44,875
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,930	10,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,870	5,175	4,695
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,550	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	114,350	55,595	58,755
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,510	16,590	11,925
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	63,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,450	71,300	52,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,140	13,915	16,230
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	30,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	43,800	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	60.8	64.8	55.3
Government transfers (%)	16.6	13.1	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,470	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,725	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,740	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,480	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,660	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,825	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,470	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,345	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,240	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,735	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,580	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,475	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,050	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,770	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,415	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,620	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,055	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,470	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	540	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,225	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,460	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,985	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,755	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,430	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,015	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,650	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,620	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,900	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,440	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,975	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,480	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	40,045	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,785	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,980	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,960	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,690	10,545	12,145
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,875	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,035	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,485	10,390	12,095
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	47,400	40,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,720	41,240	36,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	133,395	65,510	67,895
0 to 17 years	23,030	11,875	11,155
0 to 5 years	6,670	3,420	3,250
18 to 64 years	73,850	36,045	37,810
65 years and over	36,520	17,585	18,935
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,390	7,125	8,270
0 to 17 years	2,660	1,380	1,280
0 to 5 years	835	450	390
18 to 64 years	7,260	3,470	3,790
65 years and over	5,470	2,275	3,195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	10.9	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	13.2	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	15.0	12.9	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	127,910	62,790	65,120
0 to 17 years	22,390	11,530	10,860
0 to 5 years	6,480	3,315	3,165
18 to 64 years	71,280	34,775	36,510
65 years and over	34,240	16,485	17,750
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,870	1,995	1,870
0 to 17 years	725	370	355
0 to 5 years	180	90	90
18 to 64 years	2,650	1,400	1,245
65 years and over	495	225	270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	133,395	65,505	67,895
In bottom half of the distribution	72,440	34,655	37,785
In bottom decile	13,690	6,470	7,220
In second decile	15,305	7,075	8,230
In third decile	14,960	7,095	7,870
In fourth decile	14,385	7,030	7,355
In fifth decile	14,105	6,985	7,115
In top half of the distribution	60,955	30,855	30,105
In sixth decile	13,655	6,815	6,840
In seventh decile	13,035	6,510	6,525
In eighth decile	12,445	6,335	6,110
In ninth decile	11,500	5,865	5,635
In top decile	10,320	5,330	4,990
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	133,400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,970	66,285	68,680
English only	127,220	62,890	64,330
French only	20	15	15
English and French	7,360	3,210	4,155
Neither English nor French	360	175	190
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,970	66,285	68,680
English	133,125	65,385	67,735
French	1,370	685	690
English and French	130	50	75
Neither English nor French	345	165	185
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,970	66,285	68,680
Single responses	133,285	65,515	67,770
Official languages	123,320	60,850	62,470
English	121,720	60,045	61,680
French	1,600	805	795
Non-official languages	9,960	4,670	5,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	155	65	85
Algonquian languages	35	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	10	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	100	50	50
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	5
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	45	20	25
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	45	25	25
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous languages	9,805	4,600	5,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	85	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	150	85	65
Amharic	10	5	5
Arabic	120	70	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	15	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	65	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10
Vietnamese	135	65	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	615	190	425
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	20
Cebuano	30	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	10	5	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	155	345
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	25	20
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,690	3,760	3,940
Albanian	55	30	25
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,565	710	860
Baltic languages	20	10	5
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	15	5	5
Slavic languages	1,545	695	855
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	120	60	60
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	220	85	140
Russian	595	265	330
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	75
Bosnian	5	5	5
Croatian	90	45	40
Serbian	55	20	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Slovak	60	30	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15
Ukrainian	360	170	185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5
Welsh	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,270	2,095	2,175
Frisian	15	10	0
High German languages	2,950	1,470	1,485
German	2,790	1,390	1,400
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	160	75	90
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,070	505	565
Afrikaans	135	65	65
Dutch	840	385	455
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	80	45	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	225	110	115
Danish	130	60	70
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	25	25
Swedish	55	25	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Greek	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	965	505	460
Indo-Aryan languages	900	470	430
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	60	35	20
Kacchi	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	5
Nepali	15	10	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	720	360	360
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	35	25	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	70	35	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	5
Persian languages	45	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	405	390
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	185	110	75
Portuguese	130	60	75
Romanian	70	30	40
Spanish	405	205	205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	170	45	120
Korean	205	95	110
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	25	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	155	240
Chinese languages	380	150	225
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	175	55	120
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	90	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	45
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	45	10	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	250	120	125
Estonian	5	5	5
Finnish	85	35	50
Hungarian	155	85	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,685	770	915
English and French	370	165	210
English and non-official language(s)	1,105	505	600
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	75
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,970	66,285	68,680
English	126,325	62,260	64,065
French	160	75	80
Non-official language	1,410	705	705
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous	1,400	700	695
English and French	855	380	470
English and non-official language(s)	5,860	2,700	3,155
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	95	115
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,970	66,285	68,680
Single responses	133,945	65,825	68,120
Official languages	130,900	64,345	66,550
English	130,630	64,210	66,415
French	270	135	140
Non-official languages	3,045	1,475	1,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	5	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,025	1,465	1,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	35	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	25	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	35	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	265	120	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5
Ilocano	10	10	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235	105	130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	15	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,080	1,035	1,045
Albanian	35	15	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	170	210
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	375	170	205
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	10	25
Russian	235	105	135
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10
Serbian	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	820	405	415
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	650	325	325
German	595	295	300
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	55	25	25
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	85
Afrikaans	85	35	45
Dutch	70	35	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	640	325	315
Indo-Aryan languages	615	310	305
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	30	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	5
Nepali	10	10	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	255	260
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	120	85
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	5
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	175	105	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	75	30	45
Korean	170	75	90
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	20
American Sign Language	40	25	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	75	85
Chinese languages	150	65	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	30	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	15	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,030	465	560
English and French	100	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	910	405	505
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,970	66,285	68,685
None	128,775	63,430	65,340
English	1,415	675	740
French	690	300	395
Non-official language	3,440	1,580	1,860
Indigenous³⁹	160	65	90
Non-Indigenous	3,285	1,515	1,765
English and French	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	85
French and non-official language(s)	140	60	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	330	160	175
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	133,485	65,480	68,005
Official languages	133,170	65,365	67,810
English	133,145	65,350	67,795
French	7,335	3,060	4,270
Non-official languages	14,320	6,445	7,875
Indigenous languages³⁹	490	220	275
Algonquian languages	45	20	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	10	0
Michif	10	0	0
Salish languages	385	165	220
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	235	95	135
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	150	75	75
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,845	6,230	7,615
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	195	175
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	370	195	175
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	270	140	125
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	50	35
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	110	135
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0
Vietnamese	235	100	135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	800	260	540
Bikol	10	0	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	0	35
Cebuano	100	50	45
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	25	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	20	15	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	730	215	520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Creole languages	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Dravidian languages	70	40	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	25	15
Tamil	30	20	10
Telugu	25	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,680	4,925	5,760
Albanian	30	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,940	875	1,065
Baltic languages	55	45	10
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	45	35	10
Slavic languages	1,900	835	1,065
Belarusian	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	160	75	85
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	315	140	170
Russian	870	400	470
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	190	80	110
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	135	50	85
Serbian	50	25	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	90	35	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20
Ukrainian	420	175	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,495	2,645	2,855
Frisian	15	15	0
High German languages	3,975	1,925	2,045
German	3,875	1,885	1,990
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	190	85	105
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,355	655	700
Afrikaans	245	125	120
Dutch	995	470	530
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	80	50	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	15
Scandinavian languages	310	125	190
Danish	110	40	70
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	120	45	75
Swedish	100	45	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	20	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,115	545	570
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	510	545
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	20	15	0
Hindi	345	160	180
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	860	390	465
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10
Urdu	75	50	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	40	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	60	40	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,695	1,135	1,560
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	360	125	230
Portuguese	185	95	85
Romanian	100	45	50
Spanish	2,155	895	1,255
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	425	165	265
Korean	240	100	135
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	125	75	50
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	25	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Sign languages	290	120	170
American Sign Language	265	120	145
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	580	250	330
Chinese languages	575	245	330
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	355	145	210
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	0	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	125	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	70	30	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	115	125
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	75	20	55
Hungarian	160	90	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,485	65,480	68,005
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,425	5,350	6,075
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,075	5,195	5,880
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,110	2,890	3,225
Métis	4,910	2,280	2,630
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	195	75	120
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	80	75
Non-Indigenous identity	122,060	60,130	61,930
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,485	65,480	68,005
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,325	2,090	2,235
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,160	63,390	65,770
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,480	...	...
Owner	45,235	...	...
Renter	13,005	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,480	...	...
Condominium	6,955	...	...
Not condominium	51,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,480	...	...
No bedrooms	385	...	...
1 bedroom	5,635	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,695	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,930	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,480	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,525	...	...
5 rooms	8,865	...	...
6 rooms	8,725	...	...
7 rooms	7,240	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,120	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,480	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,945	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,480	...	...
Suitable	56,945	...	...
Not suitable	1,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,480	...	...
1960 or before	6,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,950	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,450	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,400	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,535	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,730	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,610	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,480	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,820	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,660	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,480	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,355	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,485	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,645	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,480	...	...
15 to 24 years	925	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,130	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,715	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,300	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,330	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,210	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,335	...	...
85 years and over	2,535	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,745	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,765	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,975	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,480	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,955	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,950	...	...
Not suitable only	1,165	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,645	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,525	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,665	...	...
In core need	4,050	...	...
Not in core need	49,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,060	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,226	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	595,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,780	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	133,485	65,480	68,005
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,960	1,955	2,010
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,860	1,900	1,960
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,980	1,465	1,510
Métis single ancestry	865	435	430
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	50	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	50	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,430	3,845	4,590
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,175	3,720	4,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,965	2,215	2,755
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,185	1,490	1,695
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	255	120	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	115	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,095	59,685	61,405
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	133,485	65,480	68,005
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	129,065	63,470	65,590
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,660	11,545	11,120
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	106,405	51,925	54,475
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,425	2,010	2,415
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	133,485	65,480	68,005
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	118,775	58,555	60,220
Immigrants⁸¹	13,920	6,525	7,400
Before 1980	6,375	3,135	3,245
1980 to 1990	1,600	695	905
1991 to 2000	1,595	720	875
2001 to 2010	2,180	1,000	1,180
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,175	975	1,200
2011 to 2015	950	430	515
2016 to 2021	1,230	545	685
Non-permanent residents⁸³	790	405	390
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,920	6,525	7,395
Under 5 years	1,795	940	860
5 to 14 years	2,825	1,410	1,410
15 to 24 years	3,110	1,480	1,630
25 to 44 years	5,140	2,240	2,900
45 years and over	1,045	455	595
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,920	6,525	7,395
Americas	2,140	860	1,275
Brazil	35	20	15
Colombia	15	0	15
El Salvador	40	10	35
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	80	30	45
Mexico	105	40	65
Peru	20	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10
United States of America	1,570	645	925
Other places of birth in Americas	250	100	155
Europe	8,185	4,135	4,055
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0
Croatia	55	15	40
France	90	55	35
Germany	1,590	850	740
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	85	30	60
Italy	135	70	65
Netherlands	845	445	400
Poland	380	180	205
Portugal	55	20	35
Romania	60	40	20
Russian Federation	165	65	95
Serbia⁸⁶	45	30	20
Ukraine	140	65	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,115	1,540	1,575
Other places of birth in Europe	1,400	705	695
Africa	520	250	270
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	15
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	290	140	150
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	60
Asia	2,655	1,075	1,580
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	15
Iraq	10	0	0
Lebanon	35	30	0
Syria⁸⁹	105	65	45
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	275	95	180
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	50	40
Korea, South⁹²	120	50	75
Taiwan	35	0	30
Philippines	700	200	500
Viet Nam	155	75	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	560	255	300
Pakistan	130	70	65
Sri Lanka	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	380	160	225
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	415	200	215
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,225	540	685
Americas	210	80	130
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	10	25
Mexico	10	0	10
United States of America	115	50	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	20
Europe	195	85	115
France	15	0	10
Germany	40	15	30
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	10
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25
Africa	70	25	45
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	685	315	365
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	0	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	115	55	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	10	10	0
Japan	20	0	15
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Lebanon	15	15	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	0	10
Philippines	250	95	155
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	45
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	10
Oceania and other⁹³	65	35	25
Australia	45	30	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	133,485	65,480	68,005
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,975	7,555	8,410
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,560	12,090	12,465
Third generation or more¹⁰²	92,960	45,835	47,125
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,540	3,395	4,150
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,015	2,020	1,990
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,695	1,095	600
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,315	930	1,385
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,955	1,090	1,865
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525	265	250
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	10	45
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,540	3,395	4,150
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	25	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,440	685	750
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	225	95	130
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	240	85	155
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	40	60
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,480	2,460	3,025
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	133,485	65,480	68,005
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,710	2,950	3,760
South Asian	1,650	815	835
Chinese	870	380	495
Black	700	315	380
Filipino	1,055	345	705
Arab	260	140	120
Latin American	440	140	290
Southeast Asian	435	210	230
West Asian	40	25	10
Korean	265	135	130
Japanese	765	325	440
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	40
Multiple visible minorities	150	70	75
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	126,770	62,530	64,250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	133,485	65,480	68,005
Canadian	18,105	9,005	9,105
English	41,020	19,765	21,255
Irish	24,045	11,360	12,690
Scottish	29,955	14,760	15,200
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,615	6,335	7,275
German	26,600	12,940	13,660
Chinese	1,020	450	565
Italian	3,505	1,710	1,790
Indian (India)	920	450	465
Ukrainian	10,140	4,700	5,440
Dutch	8,580	4,220	4,360
Polish	4,745	2,275	2,465
Québécois	175	70	105
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,810	2,850	2,960
Filipino	1,130	405	725
French Canadian	1,320	595	725
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,825	1,480	1,350
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,705	1,735	1,970
Métis	4,385	2,085	2,305
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,195	1,605	1,585
Russian	4,935	2,415	2,520
Norwegian	6,345	3,015	3,330
Welsh	4,140	2,030	2,110
Portuguese	385	205	190
American	2,915	1,415	1,510
Spanish	765	325	430
Swedish	4,615	2,210	2,405
Hungarian	1,675	775	900
Acadian	185	80	105
Pakistani	225	115	115
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	200	80	120
Jewish	475	270	210
Punjabi	240	115	130
Vietnamese	235	105	130
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	50	40
Greek	330	175	155
Jamaican	155	75	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	90	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,175	505	665
Korean	270	135	130
Romanian	1,075	500	575
Lebanese	115	65	50
Iranian	70	45	30
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	165	135
Danish	2,075	1,030	1,040
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,040	440	595
Sikh	140	70	70
Austrian	2,105	1,020	1,085
Belgian	875	385	495
Haitian	40	10	30
Hindu	85	40	45
Mexican	325	135	190
Mennonite	780	390	400
Swiss	1,320	590	735
Finnish	1,310	595	715
Sri Lankan	20	15	0
Croatian	435	225	210
Japanese	920	400	525
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	35	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	85	75
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,090	460	630
Muslim	50	30	15
Egyptian	40	25	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	25	50
Tamil	10	10	0
Icelandic	1,055	520	535
Colombian	50	15	30
Moroccan	30	10	20
Czech	785	390	390
Syrian	85	55	25
Guyanese	45	35	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35
Serbian	95	40	60
Ojibway	190	60	130
Newfoundlander	100	40	60
Hong Konger	50	10	35
Ontarian	110	40	70
Persian	10	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20
Turkish	20	15	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	35
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	15	0	0
Brazilian	35	20	10
Nigerian	70	35	30
Armenian	50	25	30
Slovak	265	100	160
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	315	155	160
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	55	15	35
Iraqi	15	0	0
Salvadorean	45	20	25
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	25	25
Algonquin	120	65	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20
Lithuanian	265	120	140
South African	390	215	175
Australian	440	235	210
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	80	25	55
Congolese	20	10	10
Nova Scotian	50	20	25
Ethiopian	35	0	30
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	65	40
Peruvian	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	40	25	15
Macedonian	20	15	0
Slovenian	105	50	55
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	95	75
New Brunswicker	15	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	10	10
Israeli	25	10	20
Mohawk	80	40	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	400	140	255
Bulgarian	30	0	20
Albertan	145	75	70
Ghanaian	35	15	20
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	105	50	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	80	95
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180	95	85
Cuban	20	10	0
Bosnian	10	0	0
Venezuelan	35	10	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	115	55	60
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10
Indonesian	55	30	25
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Northern Irish	70	30	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	40	80
British Columbian	650	315	340
Ecuadorian	40	15	25
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10
Argentinian	60	20	35
Estonian	105	60	45
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	45	15	25
Jatt	15	10	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	55	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	75	30	45
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	135	80	55
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	145	80	65
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	35	20	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	20
New Zealander	220	115	100
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	15	0	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	35	100
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	15
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	10
Saskatchewanian	85	40	45
Buddhist	10	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	40	30	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	15	0
Saulteaux	15	0	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	50	25	30
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	10
Cherokee	95	35	55
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	15	15
United Empire Loyalist	40	20	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	10	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	25	15
Burmese	25	10	15
Mongolian	15	10	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	0	15
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10
Uruguayan	10	0	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	45	15	30
Costa Rican	25	20	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	133,485	65,480	68,005
Buddhist	430	195	235
Christian	53,665	24,235	29,430
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,525	6,400	7,125
Anabaptist	450	210	235
Anglican	4,715	2,080	2,635
Baptist	2,615	1,215	1,400
Catholic	12,885	5,815	7,065
Christian Orthodox	480	215	265
Jehovah's Witness	1,200	530	670
Latter Day Saints	760	360	405
Lutheran	2,630	1,245	1,385
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	45	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,500	630	870
Presbyterian	840	335	505
Reformed	725	345	375
United Church	6,490	2,610	3,880
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,730	2,210	2,520
Hindu	255	130	120
Jewish	170	85	85
Muslim	575	315	255
Sikh	630	295	340
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	355	165	185
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,340	440	895
No religion and secular perspectives	76,070	39,625	36,445
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	132,515	64,955	67,555
Non-movers	115,620	56,720	58,905
Movers	16,895	8,240	8,650
Non-migrants	7,400	3,585	3,810
Migrants	9,500	4,650	4,845
Internal migrants	8,920	4,405	4,515
Intraprovincial migrants	6,840	3,365	3,470
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	1,040	1,045
External migrants	575	250	330
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,060	62,730	65,320
Non-movers	71,385	35,050	36,335
Movers	56,675	27,685	28,990
Non-migrants	15,270	7,375	7,900
Migrants	41,400	20,310	21,090
Internal migrants	39,330	19,340	19,990
Intraprovincial migrants	30,185	14,705	15,485
Interprovincial migrants	9,145	4,635	4,505
External migrants	2,070	970	1,105
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,345	55,595	58,750
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,185	12,735	10,450
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	91,160	42,860	48,295
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,430	32,175	34,250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,215	5,425	3,790
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,210	26,750	30,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,350	55,600	58,750
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,930	10,015	8,915
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,865	17,630	19,235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,550	27,950	30,605
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,330	20,420	20,910
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,760	10,670	3,090
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,095	2,960	2,135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,665	7,710	955
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,150	8,575	15,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,420	1,180	2,240
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,225	7,530	9,695
Bachelor's degree	11,390	4,690	6,705
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	560	730
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	630	370	260
Master's degree	3,525	1,690	1,835
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	220	165
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,425	32,175	34,255
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,190	4,215	2,975
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,980	10,400	10,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,255	17,555	20,700
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,665	12,910	13,750
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,435	6,640	1,800
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,990	1,730	1,255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,450	4,905	545
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,070	5,560	10,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,155	720	1,435
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590	4,640	6,955
Bachelor's degree	7,955	3,075	4,875
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	300	475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	220	215
Master's degree	2,220	935	1,285
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	115	105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	114,350	55,600	58,750
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,800	27,650	28,145
Education	5,400	1,490	3,915
13. Education	5,400	1,490	3,915
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	570	975
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	180	45
50. Visual and performing arts	1,320	390	925
Humanities	1,900	805	1,100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	35	105
23. English language and literature/letters	385	130	260
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	175	360
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	110	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	425	215	205
54. History	170	110	65
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,575	1,290	3,285
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395	160	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,140	75	1,065
22. Legal professions and studies	795	170	625
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	70
42. Psychology	795	260	535
45. Social sciences	1,295	590	705
Business, management and public administration	10,435	3,190	7,240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	200	780
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,450	2,990	6,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,685	840	850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	710	295	410
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	205	245
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	405	320	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	20	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,170	725	445
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	905	605	300
25. Library science	100	0	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	100	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,515	13,715	805
04. Architecture and related services	215	100	115
14. Engineering	1,160	1,035	120
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,675	2,385	295
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,470	4,360	105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,840	3,755	85
48. Precision production	2,150	2,065	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,570	1,610	960
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,305	665	640
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,265	950	320
Health and related fields	10,575	1,665	8,905
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	650	255	400
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,740	1,310	8,430
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	95	80
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,155	2,050	2,110
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,635	700	1,935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0
43. Security and protective services	415	310	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,055	980	70
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,430	32,170	34,255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,170	14,620	13,555
Education	2,945	650	2,295
13. Education	2,945	650	2,295
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	340	690
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	75	30
50. Visual and performing arts	925	270	655
Humanities	1,210	520	685
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	30	70
23. English language and literature/letters	230	90	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	120	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	130	110
54. History	105	60	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,280	860	2,420
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	345	130	220
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	60	765
22. Legal professions and studies	565	95	475
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55
42. Psychology	530	170	360
45. Social sciences	870	360	510
Business, management and public administration	6,960	2,025	4,935
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	95	615
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,240	1,920	4,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	495	625
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	180	340
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	110	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	265	195	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	570	275
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	515	205
25. Library science	45	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,195	8,565	635
04. Architecture and related services	120	35	90
14. Engineering	715	610	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,705	1,475	230
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,900	2,815	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,420	2,370	50
48. Precision production	1,335	1,270	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,840	1,070	770
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	915	415	500
03. Natural resources and conservation	920	645	275
Health and related fields	7,075	1,140	5,940
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	190	305
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,475	895	5,575
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	50	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,740	1,330	1,410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	470	1,270
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	305	210	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	670	625	50
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,430	32,170	34,255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,170	14,620	13,555
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,260	17,555	20,700
Location of study inside Canada	34,555	15,840	18,720
Same as province or territory of residence	24,570	10,965	13,610
Different than province or territory of residence	9,990	4,875	5,115
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,695	1,715	1,985
Americas	1,075	490	585
United States of America	955	470	495
Mexico	45	10	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	25
Europe	1,330	690	645
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	280	135	140
Netherlands	85	50	35
Switzerland	80	35	45
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	45	10	30
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	35	10	30
Ukraine	25	10	20
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	575	310	265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	65	55
Africa	130	65	70
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	45
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	10
Asia	915	315	600
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0
Israel	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	20	50
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10
Japan	75	25	50
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25
Philippines	385	100	280
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	215	100	120
Pakistan	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	15	35
Oceania	235	155	85
Australia	170	100	70
New Zealand	75	50	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	114,350	55,600	58,750
In the labour force	63,570	33,290	30,275
Employed	58,095	30,290	27,805
Unemployed	5,470	3,005	2,465
Not in the labour force	50,780	22,310	28,480
Participation rate	55.6	59.9	51.5
Employment rate	50.8	54.5	47.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.0	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	114,350	55,600	58,750
Did not work¹⁸⁶	50,190	22,065	28,120
Worked	64,165	33,535	30,625
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,005	17,530	12,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,160	16,005	18,155
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.6	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,570	33,290	30,275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755
Employee	49,455	24,915	24,540
Permanent position	40,505	20,710	19,795
Temporary position	8,945	4,210	4,745
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,955	950	1,005
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,995	3,260	3,735
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,970	7,750	5,215
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,570	33,290	30,275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	625	410	215
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,665	1,845	6,820
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,255	2,570	690
3 Health occupations	5,310	940	4,370
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,040	1,720	4,320
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,495	615	885
6 Sales and service occupations	16,345	6,610	9,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,165	13,055	1,110
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,665	2,555	1,110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,855	2,345	510
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,570	33,290	30,275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520
All industries¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,520	2,215	1,305
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,020	935	85
22 Utilities	580	455	130
23 Construction	7,325	6,245	1,080
31-33 Manufacturing	4,965	3,865	1,105
41 Wholesale trade	1,470	1,035	435
44-45 Retail trade	8,470	3,900	4,570
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,370	1,780	585
51 Information and cultural industries	570	330	240
52 Finance and insurance	1,440	450	1,000
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,160	550	610
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,695	1,870	1,825
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	40	65
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,525	1,390	1,140
61 Educational services	3,895	1,130	2,760
62 Health care and social assistance	8,325	1,335	6,985
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,595	885	710
72 Accommodation and food services	4,195	1,715	2,480
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,050	1,550	1,495
91 Public administration	2,155	1,005	1,145
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,985	36,395	33,585
English	68,825	35,905	32,915
French	85	40	45
Non-official language	155	75	85
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	145	75	75
English and French	335	110	225
English and non-official language(s)	570	265	305
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,985	36,395	33,585
Single responses	69,910	36,365	33,545
Official languages	69,635	36,235	33,400
English	69,480	36,190	33,290
French	160	55	110
Non-official languages	275	130	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	0	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	125	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	65	80
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	40	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	60	35	25
German	55	35	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15
Chinese languages	45	30	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	30	45
English and French	30	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,985	36,395	33,585
None	69,140	36,050	33,090
English	185	65	120
French	235	85	150
Non-official language	355	160	195
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	30
Non-Indigenous	300	140	165
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	40	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,095	30,285	27,805
Worked at home	8,990	4,295	4,695
Worked outside Canada	135	110	25
No fixed workplace address	10,240	7,780	2,460
Usual place of work	38,730	18,105	20,630
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,730	18,110	20,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,010	8,145	10,860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,305	6,175	7,130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,885	3,395	2,485
Commute to a different province or territory	535	390	150
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,965	25,890	23,085
Car, truck or van	43,600	23,100	20,500
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,400	21,625	18,785
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,200	1,485	1,720
Public transit	525	220	305
Walked	3,005	1,330	1,670
Bicycle	565	390	170
Other method	1,280	845	435
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,965	25,890	23,085
Less than 15 minutes	22,325	10,350	11,975
15 to 29 minutes	14,705	7,620	7,085
30 to 44 minutes	6,295	3,790	2,500
45 to 59 minutes	2,550	1,660	890
60 minutes and over	3,095	2,465	625
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,965	25,890	23,085
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,545	2,810	740
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,105	6,120	2,990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,150	6,605	6,545
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,805	4,335	6,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,660	2,090	3,575
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,700	3,935	2,765
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,485	12,095	11,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	785	745
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,950	11,310	10,640
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,675	9,095	8,575
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	595	575
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	590	285	310
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	310	265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,505	8,505	8,000

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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