Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver CentreMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	126,995	...
Population, 2016¹	116,443	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.1	9.1
Total private dwellings²	82,461	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	75,486	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,334.2	11,334.2
Land area in square kilometres	11.20	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	126,995	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,515	6.7
0 to 4 years	3,865	3.0
5 to 9 years	2,640	2.1
10 to 14 years	2,005	1.6
15 to 64 years	99,485	78.3
15 to 19 years	1,990	1.6
20 to 24 years	6,580	5.2
25 to 29 years	16,600	13.1
30 to 34 years	19,375	15.3
35 to 39 years	15,025	11.8
40 to 44 years	10,025	7.9
45 to 49 years	7,690	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,665	6.0
55 to 59 years	7,630	6.0
60 to 64 years	6,910	5.4
65 years and over	18,995	15.0
65 to 69 years	6,260	4.9
70 to 74 years	5,475	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,535	2.8
80 to 84 years	2,135	1.7
85 years and over	1,590	1.3
85 to 89 years	1,035	0.8
90 to 94 years	435	0.3
95 to 99 years	115	0.1
100 years and over	5	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6.7	6.7
15 to 64 years	78.3	78.3
65 years and over	15.0	15.0
85 years and over	1.3	1.3
Average age of the population	42.2	42.2
Median age of the population	38.4	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	75,485	100.0
Single-detached house	185	0.2
Semi-detached house	325	0.4
Row house	1,385	1.8
Apartment or flat in a duplex	175	0.2
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,525	13.9
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,845	83.3
Other single-attached house	30	0.0
Movable dwelling⁴	15	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	75,485	100.0
1 person	39,550	52.4
2 persons	27,045	35.8
3 persons	5,680	7.5
4 persons	2,435	3.2
5 or more persons	770	1.0
Number of persons in private households	124,515	100.0
Average household size	1.7	1.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	118,480	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,470	48.5
Married	37,630	31.8
Living common-law	19,840	16.7
Living common law - Never married	17,430	14.7
Living common law - Separated	245	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,040	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	120	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	61,015	51.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	45,720	38.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,930	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,315	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,045	2.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,645	100.0
2 persons	23,235	75.8
3 persons	4,740	15.5
4 persons	2,190	7.1
5 or more persons	475	1.6
Average size of census families	2.4	2.4
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	1.4
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,640	100.0
Total couple families	27,545	89.9
Married couples	17,630	57.5
With children⁶	5,950	19.4
Without children	11,680	38.1
Common-law couples	9,920	32.4
With children⁶	810	2.6
Without children	9,110	29.7
Total one-parent families	3,095	10.1
in which the parent is a woman+	2,495	8.1
in which the parent is a man+	600	2.0
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	124,515	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,910	57.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,095	44.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,095	2.5
Children⁶	13,715	11.0
In a two-parent family	9,885	7.9
In a one-parent family	3,830	3.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	52,610	42.3
Living alone	39,550	31.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,310	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	10,750	8.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	75,485	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,225	38.7
Couple-family households	26,410	35.0
With children⁶	6,415	8.5
Without children	19,990	26.5
One-parent-family households	2,815	3.7
Multigenerational households⁸	300	0.4
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	740	1.0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,565	7.4
One-person households	39,550	52.4
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	116,020	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,470	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,520	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,805	89.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	48,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,640	75.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	50,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,475	74.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,635	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,045	28.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	116,120	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,680	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,300	70,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,755	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,650	55,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,030	89.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,100	69,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,665	75.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,800	66,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,610	74.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,260	9,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,575	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,050	28.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	116,120	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,715	38.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	76,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,500	96,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,460	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	23,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,680	37,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.0	90.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.4	73.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.0	10.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	116,025	100.0
Without total income	2,555	2.2
With total income	113,465	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,205	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,750	8.6
$20,000 to $29,999	14,460	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,345	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,535	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,345	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,950	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	7,060	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,760	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	4,740	4.2
$100,000 and over	21,320	18.8
$100,000 to $149,999	12,085	10.7
$150,000 and over	9,235	8.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	116,025	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,505	2.2
With after-tax income	113,520	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,770	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,165	9.0
$20,000 to $29,999	16,485	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,330	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,560	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,740	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	8,875	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	6,995	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,375	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,835	3.4
$100,000 and over	13,390	11.8
$100,000 to $124,999	5,895	5.2
$125,000 and over	7,495	6.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	116,025	100.0
Without employment income	28,380	24.5
With employment income	87,640	75.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,165	10.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,780	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,165	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,925	7.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,215	7.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,575	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,855	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,035	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,425	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,670	5.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,955	4.5
$100,000 and over	16,880	19.3
$100,000 to $124,999	6,455	7.4
$125,000 and over	10,425	11.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	116,020	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,290	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,550	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,335	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,350	74.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,285	56.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	970	970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,360	3.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	116,120	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,350	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,500	68,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,565	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	53,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,265	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,400	70,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,460	74.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600	64,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,455	56.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,630	5,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,345	3.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,230	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	116,120	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,415	37.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,100	87,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,915	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	30,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,800	45,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	95.0
Employment income (%)	74.4	74.4
Government transfers (%)	4.9	4.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	75,490	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	76,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	66,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	39,550	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	52,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	46,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,940	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	75,515	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,800	105,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	83,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	39,495	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,900	70,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	56,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,020	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	144,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,300	114,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	75,490	100.0
Under $5,000	2,720	3.6
$5,000 to $9,999	935	1.2
$10,000 to $14,999	1,180	1.6
$15,000 to $19,999	2,370	3.1
$20,000 to $24,999	3,715	4.9
$25,000 to $29,999	2,825	3.7
$30,000 to $34,999	2,735	3.6
$35,000 to $39,999	2,860	3.8
$40,000 to $44,999	2,645	3.5
$45,000 to $49,999	2,530	3.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,245	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,000	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,790	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,360	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,820	5.1
$100,000 and over	27,750	36.8
$100,000 to $124,999	7,560	10.0
$125,000 to $149,999	5,335	7.1
$150,000 to $199,999	6,620	8.8
$200,000 and over	8,240	10.9
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	75,490	100.0
Under $5,000	2,960	3.9
$5,000 to $9,999	955	1.3
$10,000 to $14,999	1,210	1.6
$15,000 to $19,999	2,505	3.3
$20,000 to $24,999	3,975	5.3
$25,000 to $29,999	3,250	4.3
$30,000 to $34,999	3,160	4.2
$35,000 to $39,999	3,330	4.4
$40,000 to $44,999	3,080	4.1
$45,000 to $49,999	3,250	4.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,395	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,905	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	7.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,595	6.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,945	5.2
$100,000 and over	21,590	28.6
$100,000 to $124,999	7,310	9.7
$125,000 to $149,999	4,895	6.5
$150,000 and over	9,385	12.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,270	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	98,000
Average family size of economic families	2.4	2.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,320	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	118,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	100,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,780	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.5	3.5
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,005	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	66,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	60,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	2.3
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50,300	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	48,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,295	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,000	149,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,400	117,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,400	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	151,400	151,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,100	119,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,685	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,800	175,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	136,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,060	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,400	92,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	76,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50,450	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,800	65,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,650	52,650
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	124,515	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,570	7.7
0 to 5 years	4,520	3.6
18 to 64 years	96,670	77.6
65 years and over	18,280	14.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,190	...
0 to 17 years	1,500	...
0 to 5 years	590	...
18 to 64 years	14,825	...
65 years and over	3,860	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	13.2	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	15.3
65 years and over (%)	21.1	21.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,515	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,565	7.7
0 to 5 years	4,515	3.6
18 to 64 years	96,670	77.6
65 years and over	18,280	14.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,250	...
0 to 17 years	980	...
0 to 5 years	375	...
18 to 64 years	12,535	...
65 years and over	1,740	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.3	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	9.5	9.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	124,515	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,975	46.6
In bottom decile	19,565	15.7
In second decile	10,830	8.7
In third decile	9,775	7.9
In fourth decile	8,860	7.1
In fifth decile	8,945	7.2
In top half of the distribution	66,540	53.4
In sixth decile	9,260	7.4
In seventh decile	9,585	7.7
In eighth decile	10,965	8.8
In ninth decile	13,670	11.0
In top decile	23,060	18.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	124,515	124,515
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.443	0.443
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.518	0.518
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.392	0.392
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	6.1	6.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	125,880	100.0
English only	109,365	86.9
French only	90	0.1
English and French	14,070	11.2
Neither English nor French	2,350	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	125,880	100.0
English	119,300	94.8
French	3,245	2.6
English and French	1,030	0.8
Neither English nor French	2,300	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	125,880	100.0
Single responses	119,690	95.1
Official languages	72,640	57.7
English	69,500	55.2
French	3,135	2.5
Non-official languages	47,050	37.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	50	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	5	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,965	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,345	1.1
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	30	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,305	1.0
Amharic	65	0.1
Arabic	990	0.8
Aramaic languages	10	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	210	0.2
Maltese	5	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	545	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0.0
Vietnamese	520	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,500	1.2
Bikol	10	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Cebuano	30	0.0
Fijian	5	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	35	0.0
Indonesian	250	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Malay	20	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,110	0.9
Waray-Waray	5	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Creole languages	20	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	320	0.3
Kannada	40	0.0
Malayalam	65	0.1
Tamil	115	0.1
Telugu	95	0.1
Tulu	5	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,930	20.6
Albanian	65	0.1
Armenian	80	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	6,130	4.9
Baltic languages	100	0.1
Latvian	30	0.0
Lithuanian	65	0.1
Slavic languages	6,025	4.8
Belarusian	5	0.0
Bulgarian	185	0.1
Czech	400	0.3
Macedonian	30	0.0
Polish	765	0.6
Russian	2,385	1.9
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,590	1.3
Bosnian	130	0.1
Croatian	290	0.2
Serbian	1,115	0.9
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	55	0.0
Slovak	305	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	0.0
Ukrainian	330	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Celtic languages	35	0.0
Irish	20	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0.0
Welsh	15	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,040	1.6
Frisian	5	0.0
High German languages	1,335	1.1
German	1,260	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	55	0.0
Yiddish	25	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	450	0.4
Afrikaans	100	0.1
Dutch	335	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0.0
Scandinavian languages	245	0.2
Danish	85	0.1
Icelandic	5	0.0
Norwegian	40	0.0
Swedish	115	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Greek	175	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,990	7.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,230	1.8
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	135	0.1
Gujarati	255	0.2
Hindi	710	0.6
Kacchi	75	0.1
Kashmiri	5	0.0
Konkani	10	0.0
Marathi	120	0.1
Nepali	20	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0.0
Odia	10	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	595	0.5
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	0.0
Urdu	235	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Iranian languages	6,760	5.4
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	140	0.1
Parsi	10	0.0
Pashto	20	0.0
Persian languages	6,585	5.2
Dari	120	0.1
Iranian Persian	5,825	4.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	645	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,425	6.7
Catalan	25	0.0
Italian	575	0.5
Portuguese	2,300	1.8
Romanian	470	0.4
Spanish	5,055	4.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	2,080	1.7
Korean	3,150	2.5
Mongolian	90	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	125	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	5	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	5	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	25	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0.0
Swahili	35	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,440	8.3
Chinese languages	10,415	8.3
Hakka	35	0.0
Mandarin	6,095	4.8
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	320	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,705	2.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	15	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	255	0.2
Lao	10	0.0
Thai	240	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	760	0.6
Azerbaijani	95	0.1
Kazakh	15	0.0
Turkish	615	0.5
Uyghur	10	0.0
Uzbek	10	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Uralic languages	370	0.3
Estonian	20	0.0
Finnish	55	0.0
Hungarian	300	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Multiple responses	6,190	4.9
English and French	695	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,610	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	140	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	580	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	125,880	100.0
English	78,305	62.2
French	855	0.7
Non-official language	11,650	9.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,640	9.2
English and French	2,075	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	30,905	24.6
French and non-official language(s)	55	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,235	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	805	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	125,880	100.0
Single responses	120,030	95.4
Official languages	96,800	76.9
English	95,495	75.9
French	1,310	1.0
Non-official languages	23,230	18.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,225	18.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	475	0.4
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	5	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	465	0.4
Amharic	25	0.0
Arabic	335	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	95	0.1
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	165	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0.0
Austronesian languages	410	0.3
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	60	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	0.1
Kannada	5	0.0
Malayalam	20	0.0
Tamil	40	0.0
Telugu	40	0.0
Tulu	5	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,655	10.1
Albanian	15	0.0
Armenian	25	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,815	2.2
Baltic languages	30	0.0
Latvian	5	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0.0
Slavic languages	2,790	2.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	0.1
Czech	120	0.1
Macedonian	15	0.0
Polish	230	0.2
Russian	1,265	1.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	805	0.6
Bosnian	60	0.0
Croatian	90	0.1
Serbian	645	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Slovak	130	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0.0
Ukrainian	130	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0.0
Irish	5	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	210	0.2
German	200	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	0.1
Afrikaans	30	0.0
Dutch	50	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	0.0
Danish	10	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	30	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	30	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,050	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	730	0.6
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	40	0.0
Gujarati	75	0.1
Hindi	320	0.3
Kacchi	25	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	50	0.0
Nepali	10	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	5	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0.0
Urdu	80	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,315	3.4
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	90	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	5	0.0
Persian languages	4,220	3.4
Dari	50	0.0
Iranian Persian	3,830	3.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	335	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,380	3.5
Catalan	10	0.0
Italian	135	0.1
Portuguese	1,445	1.1
Romanian	165	0.1
Spanish	2,620	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	1,185	0.9
Korean	1,935	1.5
Mongolian	55	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,695	4.5
Chinese languages	5,690	4.5
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	3,725	3.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,705	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	0.1
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	85	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	340	0.3
Azerbaijani	50	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	285	0.2
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	0.1
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	10	0.0
Hungarian	60	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,845	4.6
English and French	415	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,200	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	115	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	125,880	100.0
None	95,625	76.0
English	10,020	8.0
French	1,460	1.2
Non-official language	14,690	11.7
Indigenous³⁹	45	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,645	11.6
English and French	145	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,105	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	730	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,055	1.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	124,475	100.0
Official languages	122,150	98.1
English	122,050	98.1
French	13,890	11.2
Non-official languages	61,995	49.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	30	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	15	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,905	49.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,120	1.7
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	10	0.0
Somali	30	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,085	1.7
Amharic	35	0.0
Arabic	1,395	1.1
Aramaic languages	15	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	615	0.5
Maltese	10	0.0
Tigrigna	30	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	0.0
Vietnamese	625	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,345	1.9
Bikol	15	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	65	0.1
Fijian	25	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	0.0
Ilocano	40	0.0
Indonesian	325	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	190	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,780	1.4
Waray-Waray	25	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	0.0
Creole languages	85	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Dravidian languages	605	0.5
Kannada	110	0.1
Malayalam	135	0.1
Tamil	250	0.2
Telugu	170	0.1
Tulu	10	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	36,840	29.6
Albanian	75	0.1
Armenian	120	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	7,620	6.1
Baltic languages	125	0.1
Latvian	55	0.0
Lithuanian	65	0.1
Slavic languages	7,525	6.0
Belarusian	30	0.0
Bulgarian	200	0.2
Czech	580	0.5
Macedonian	40	0.0
Polish	1,030	0.8
Russian	3,555	2.9
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,985	1.6
Bosnian	330	0.3
Croatian	695	0.6
Serbian	1,520	1.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	50	0.0
Slovak	420	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	0.0
Ukrainian	875	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	405	0.3
Irish	355	0.3
Scottish Gaelic	10	0.0
Welsh	30	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Germanic languages	4,670	3.8
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	3,385	2.7
German	3,275	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	110	0.1
Yiddish	75	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	900	0.7
Afrikaans	320	0.3
Dutch	560	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0.0
Scandinavian languages	565	0.5
Danish	175	0.1
Icelandic	25	0.0
Norwegian	105	0.1
Swedish	290	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	325	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	11,860	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	4,270	3.4
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	185	0.1
Gujarati	565	0.5
Hindi	2,550	2.0
Kacchi	195	0.2
Kashmiri	15	0.0
Konkani	25	0.0
Marathi	335	0.3
Nepali	50	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,205	1.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	25	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	0.1
Urdu	695	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	0.0
Iranian languages	7,665	6.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	200	0.2
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	35	0.0
Persian languages	7,595	6.1
Dari	225	0.2
Iranian Persian	6,770	5.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	630	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	14,030	11.3
Catalan	80	0.1
Italian	1,740	1.4
Portuguese	2,830	2.3
Romanian	575	0.5
Spanish	10,340	8.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Japanese	3,345	2.7
Korean	3,755	3.0
Mongolian	80	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	340	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	20	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0.0
Shona	35	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	160	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	40	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	100	0.1
American Sign Language	90	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,115	10.5
Chinese languages	13,090	10.5
Hakka	35	0.0
Mandarin	9,195	7.4
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	715	0.6
Wu (Shanghainese)	255	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	5,655	4.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	10	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	390	0.3
Lao	30	0.0
Thai	365	0.3
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,420	1.1
Azerbaijani	280	0.2
Kazakh	45	0.0
Turkish	1,265	1.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	15	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Uralic languages	395	0.3
Estonian	40	0.0
Finnish	35	0.0
Hungarian	325	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,475	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,615	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,455	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,440	1.2
Métis	995	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	121,865	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,475	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	970	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	123,505	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	75,515	100.0
Owner	24,485	32.4
Renter	51,030	67.6
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	75,515	100.0
Condominium	48,465	64.2
Not condominium	27,055	35.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	75,515	100.0
No bedrooms	5,470	7.2
1 bedroom	42,025	55.7
2 bedrooms	23,850	31.6
3 bedrooms	3,720	4.9
4 or more bedrooms	450	0.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	75,515	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	62,220	82.4
5 rooms	8,045	10.7
6 rooms	3,230	4.3
7 rooms	1,330	1.8
8 or more rooms	690	0.9
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.3	3.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	75,515	100.0
One person or fewer per room	73,595	97.5
More than one person per room	1,915	2.5
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	75,515	100.0
Suitable	69,350	91.8
Not suitable	6,170	8.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	75,515	100.0
1960 or before	7,930	10.5
1961 to 1980	17,775	23.5
1981 to 1990	7,745	10.3
1991 to 2000	13,575	18.0
2001 to 2005	7,180	9.5
2006 to 2010	9,155	12.1
2011 to 2015	6,620	8.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,540	7.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	75,515	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	71,340	94.5
Major repairs needed	4,180	5.5
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	75,515	100.0
One-maintainer household	48,855	64.7
Two-maintainer household	25,170	33.3
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,490	2.0
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	75,515	100.0
15 to 24 years	3,330	4.4
25 to 34 years	21,770	28.8
35 to 44 years	16,250	21.5
45 to 54 years	10,400	13.8
55 to 64 years	10,165	13.5
65 to 74 years	8,355	11.1
75 to 84 years	4,080	5.4
85 years and over	1,155	1.5
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	74,955	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,490	59.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30,470	40.7
30% to less than 100%	23,890	31.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	75,515	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	36,740	48.7
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	26,735	35.4
Not suitable only	3,600	4.8
Major repairs needed only	2,410	3.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,225	2.9
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	1.9
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	265	0.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	0.1
Acceptable housing	38,775	51.3
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	68,375	100.0
In core need	14,660	21.4
Not in core need	53,715	78.6
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,485	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.6	54.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.0	31.0
% in core housing need⁶³	13.2	13.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	1,700
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,106	2,106
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,244,000	1,244,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	51,035	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4	10.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.3	45.3
% in core housing need⁶³	25.4	25.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	1,760
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,850	1,850
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	124,475	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	700	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	685	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	545	0.4
Métis single ancestry	130	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,380	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,290	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,720	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	560	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,395	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	124,480	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	95,170	76.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,645	6.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,520	69.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	29,305	23.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	124,480	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	62,195	50.0
Immigrants⁸¹	49,420	39.7
Before 1980	6,495	5.2
1980 to 1990	4,450	3.6
1991 to 2000	10,020	8.0
2001 to 2010	10,570	8.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,885	14.4
2011 to 2015	5,940	4.8
2016 to 2021	11,950	9.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	12,860	10.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	49,420	100.0
Under 5 years	3,125	6.3
5 to 14 years	7,235	14.6
15 to 24 years	7,625	15.4
25 to 44 years	26,635	53.9
45 years and over	4,795	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	49,420	100.0
Americas	6,800	13.8
Brazil	1,160	2.3
Colombia	370	0.7
El Salvador	110	0.2
Guyana	45	0.1
Haiti	10	0.0
Jamaica	105	0.2
Mexico	1,305	2.6
Peru	190	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	100	0.2
United States of America	2,440	4.9
Other places of birth in Americas	960	1.9
Europe	13,460	27.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	505	1.0
Croatia	220	0.4
France	625	1.3
Germany	800	1.6
Greece	80	0.2
Hungary	190	0.4
Italy	465	0.9
Netherlands	245	0.5
Poland	620	1.3
Portugal	65	0.1
Romania	465	0.9
Russian Federation	1,160	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	615	1.2
Ukraine	810	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,480	7.0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,135	6.3
Africa	1,985	4.0
Algeria	20	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0.1
Egypt	195	0.4
Eritrea	35	0.1
Ethiopia	55	0.1
Morocco	80	0.2
Nigeria	70	0.1
Somalia	15	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	605	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	885	1.8
Asia	26,225	53.1
Afghanistan	150	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	5,745	11.6
Iraq	125	0.3
Lebanon	220	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	85	0.2
Turkey	450	0.9
China⁹⁰	5,115	10.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,175	4.4
Korea, South⁹²	2,365	4.8
Taiwan	1,495	3.0
Philippines	1,930	3.9
Viet Nam	380	0.8
Bangladesh	50	0.1
India	1,880	3.8
Pakistan	305	0.6
Sri Lanka	135	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	3,630	7.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	945	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	11,950	100.0
Americas	2,490	20.8
Brazil	910	7.6
Colombia	120	1.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	455	3.8
United States of America	595	5.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	300	2.5
Europe	3,510	29.4
France	345	2.9
Germany	160	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	700	5.9
Italy	115	1.0
Russian Federation	340	2.8
Ukraine	280	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	700	5.9
Other places of birth in Europe	870	7.3
Africa	315	2.6
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	35	0.3
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0.1
Morocco	15	0.1
Nigeria	30	0.3
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	0.4
Asia	5,215	43.6
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,025	8.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	0.7
India	1,080	9.0
Iran⁸⁸	805	6.7
Iraq	30	0.3
Israel	95	0.8
Japan	320	2.7
Jordan	25	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	580	4.9
Lebanon	25	0.2
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	95	0.8
Philippines	170	1.4
Saudi Arabia	40	0.3
Sri Lanka	10	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	35	0.3
Turkey	185	1.5
United Arab Emirates	15	0.1
Viet Nam	100	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	480	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	420	3.5
Australia	315	2.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	105	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	124,475	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	64,110	51.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,985	20.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,385	28.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,925	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30,775	71.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15,660	36.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,115	35.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,365	19.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,290	7.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	495	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,925	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,345	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	8,275	19.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,910	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	5,615	13.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,685	59.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	124,475	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	51,190	41.1
South Asian	6,275	5.0
Chinese	15,165	12.2
Black	1,730	1.4
Filipino	2,525	2.0
Arab	1,190	1.0
Latin American	5,650	4.5
Southeast Asian	1,740	1.4
West Asian	7,265	5.8
Korean	3,815	3.1
Japanese	3,005	2.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	735	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	2,090	1.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,290	58.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	124,480	100.0
Canadian	6,490	5.2
English	18,835	15.1
Irish	15,445	12.4
Scottish	14,700	11.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,475	6.0
German	10,630	8.5
Chinese	14,395	11.6
Italian	5,025	4.0
Indian (India)	4,520	3.6
Ukrainian	5,615	4.5
Dutch	2,920	2.3
Polish	4,125	3.3
Québécois	250	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,095	4.1
Filipino	2,815	2.3
French Canadian	960	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,015	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,065	0.9
Métis	790	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,130	2.5
Russian	4,075	3.3
Norwegian	2,270	1.8
Welsh	2,115	1.7
Portuguese	1,305	1.0
American	1,820	1.5
Spanish	2,930	2.4
Swedish	1,715	1.4
Hungarian	1,265	1.0
Acadian	170	0.1
Pakistani	480	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	0.5
Jewish	2,210	1.8
Punjabi	515	0.4
Vietnamese	900	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	545	0.4
Greek	835	0.7
Jamaican	280	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,265	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	315	0.3
Korean	3,830	3.1
Romanian	990	0.8
Lebanese	620	0.5
Iranian	5,620	4.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	0.2
Danish	1,140	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	295	0.2
Sikh	165	0.1
Austrian	1,125	0.9
Belgian	510	0.4
Haitian	30	0.0
Hindu	365	0.3
Mexican	2,540	2.0
Mennonite	325	0.3
Swiss	685	0.6
Finnish	500	0.4
Sri Lankan	175	0.1
Croatian	895	0.7
Japanese	3,380	2.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	475	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	665	0.5
Muslim	235	0.2
Egyptian	335	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	920	0.7
Tamil	135	0.1
Icelandic	565	0.5
Colombian	595	0.5
Moroccan	145	0.1
Czech	765	0.6
Syrian	150	0.1
Guyanese	125	0.1
Afghan	190	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	170	0.1
Serbian	1,300	1.0
Ojibway	65	0.1
Newfoundlander	120	0.1
Hong Konger	805	0.6
Ontarian	70	0.1
Persian	2,065	1.7
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	225	0.2
Turkish	935	0.8
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	0.1
Algerian	40	0.0
Brazilian	1,475	1.2
Nigerian	100	0.1
Armenian	235	0.2
Slovak	620	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	420	0.3
Somali	35	0.0
Taiwanese	1,350	1.1
Iraqi	120	0.1
Salvadorean	160	0.1
African Caribbean	80	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	290	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	380	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	0.0
Algonquin	40	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	90	0.1
Lithuanian	330	0.3
South African	410	0.3
Australian	645	0.5
Palestinian	125	0.1
Chilean	285	0.2
Congolese	0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	0.1
Ethiopian	50	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	325	0.3
Peruvian	275	0.2
Yoruba	35	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	0.0
Berber	70	0.1
Albanian	130	0.1
Maltese	80	0.1
Macedonian	100	0.1
Slovenian	180	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	0.0
Gujarati	125	0.1
Eritrean	65	0.1
African Canadian	50	0.0
Israeli	325	0.3
Mohawk	60	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150	0.1
Bulgarian	245	0.2
Albertan	40	0.0
Ghanaian	100	0.1
Barbadian	35	0.0
African American	135	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	230	0.2
Tunisian	20	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	380	0.3
Cuban	75	0.1
Bosnian	255	0.2
Venezuelan	205	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	220	0.2
Bengali	55	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	0.0
Indonesian	265	0.2
Laotian	75	0.1
Ilocano	10	0.0
Northern Irish	190	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	255	0.2
British Columbian	200	0.2
Ecuadorian	80	0.1
Franco Ontarian	20	0.0
Argentinian	160	0.1
Estonian	115	0.1
Kurdish	230	0.2
Fijian	130	0.1
Jatt	10	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	0.0
Coptic	10	0.0
Thai	360	0.3
Dominican	80	0.1
Nepali	60	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	20	0.0
Igbo	15	0.0
Byelorussian	130	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0.0
Abenaki	20	0.0
Moldovan	95	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0.0
New Zealander	295	0.2
Sudanese	50	0.0
Breton	20	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	0.0
Malaysian	230	0.2
Plains Cree	25	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	20	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	0.0
Buddhist	60	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	20	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	110	0.1
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0.0
Burundian	15	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0.0
Mauritian	40	0.0
Kenyan	100	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	40	0.0
Manitoban	40	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	40	0.0
Grenadian	20	0.0
Malayali	20	0.0
Chaldean	10	0.0
Sinhalese	40	0.0
Mayan	100	0.1
Honduran	45	0.0
Cherokee	40	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0.0
Flemish	70	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	55	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	130	0.1
Sicilian	35	0.0
Pashtun	30	0.0
Malay	25	0.0
Goan	45	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	65	0.1
Burmese	45	0.0
Mongolian	115	0.1
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	40	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	45	0.0
Yemeni	20	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	80	0.1
Basque	40	0.0
Uruguayan	55	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	0.0
Igorot	10	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	10	0.0
Telugu	25	0.0
Roma	40	0.0
Costa Rican	40	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	0.0
Singaporean	155	0.1
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	20	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	124,475	100.0
Buddhist	2,370	1.9
Christian	35,040	28.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,550	6.1
Anabaptist	190	0.2
Anglican	2,620	2.1
Baptist	620	0.5
Catholic	15,980	12.8
Christian Orthodox	2,625	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	240	0.2
Latter Day Saints	125	0.1
Lutheran	650	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	305	0.2
Presbyterian	665	0.5
Reformed	55	0.0
United Church	1,935	1.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,365	1.1
Hindu	1,875	1.5
Jewish	2,225	1.8
Muslim	6,545	5.3
Sikh	895	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	95	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,860	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	73,575	59.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	123,550	100.0
Non-movers	93,375	75.6
Movers	30,180	24.4
Non-migrants	19,120	15.5
Migrants	11,060	9.0
Internal migrants	6,715	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,435	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,280	2.7
External migrants	4,345	3.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	120,620	100.0
Non-movers	50,825	42.1
Movers	69,790	57.9
Non-migrants	26,770	22.2
Migrants	43,020	35.7
Internal migrants	23,745	19.7
Intraprovincial migrants	14,135	11.7
Interprovincial migrants	9,615	8.0
External migrants	19,275	16.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,120	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,660	4.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	110,460	95.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,220	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,700	3.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,520	97.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,115	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,750	4.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,520	17.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90,850	78.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,735	22.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,335	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,375	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,705	14.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,695	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	65,115	56.1
Bachelor's degree	39,690	34.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,150	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,965	1.7
Master's degree	16,545	14.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,755	2.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,220	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,075	2.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,765	14.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	74,380	83.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,845	22.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,295	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,865	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,425	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,905	14.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,645	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	54,535	61.1
Bachelor's degree	33,350	37.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,390	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,585	1.8
Master's degree	14,200	15.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,010	2.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	116,120	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,270	21.8
Education	3,420	2.9
13. Education	3,420	2.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,180	7.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,310	1.1
50. Visual and performing arts	6,870	5.9
Humanities	6,050	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,035	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,985	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,490	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	175	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	310	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	0.2
54. History	645	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,840	13.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	340	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	2.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	960	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,875	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	390	0.3
42. Psychology	2,815	2.4
45. Social sciences	5,960	5.1
Business, management and public administration	21,345	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,460	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,440	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,025	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	890	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,360	1.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,305	5.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,065	4.4
25. Library science	260	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	705	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	270	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,295	10.6
04. Architecture and related services	1,640	1.4
14. Engineering	7,125	6.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,630	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,000	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	550	0.5
48. Precision production	340	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	570	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	0.5
Health and related fields	9,010	7.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	875	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,415	6.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	670	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,845	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,175	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	445	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,220	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,840	16.6
Education	2,185	2.4
13. Education	2,185	2.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,985	7.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,215	1.4
50. Visual and performing arts	5,770	6.5
Humanities	4,570	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	845	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,455	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,230	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	0.1
54. History	460	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,135	14.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	305	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,230	2.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,365	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	325	0.4
42. Psychology	2,245	2.5
45. Social sciences	4,920	5.5
Business, management and public administration	17,970	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,330	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,590	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,645	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	730	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,085	1.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,555	6.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,625	5.2
25. Library science	165	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	550	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	225	0.3
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,100	11.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,365	1.5
14. Engineering	5,960	6.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,320	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0.0
46. Construction trades	790	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	410	0.5
48. Precision production	245	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	0.5
Health and related fields	7,155	8.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	745	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,860	6.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	520	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,225	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,710	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	320	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	89,220	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,840	16.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	74,385	83.4
Location of study inside Canada	46,150	51.7
Same as province or territory of residence	31,525	35.3
Different than province or territory of residence	14,630	16.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	28,230	31.6
Americas	8,140	9.1
United States of America	4,490	5.0
Mexico	1,295	1.5
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	1,445	1.6
Colombia	295	0.3
Peru	80	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	440	0.5
Europe	9,475	10.6
Belgium	90	0.1
France	920	1.0
Germany	370	0.4
Netherlands	125	0.1
Switzerland	135	0.2
Hungary	70	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	0.0
Poland	215	0.2
Romania	180	0.2
Russian Federation	650	0.7
Ukraine	455	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	1,600	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,795	3.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	0.1
Italy	260	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	330	0.4
Other locations of study in Europe	1,120	1.3
Africa	450	0.5
Nigeria	20	0.0
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	10	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	80	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	280	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	60	0.1
Asia	8,890	10.0
Iran⁸⁸	1,995	2.2
Iraq	20	0.0
Israel	160	0.2
Lebanon	55	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	0.0
Turkey	315	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,365	1.5
Taiwan	245	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	190	0.2
Japan	1,030	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,275	1.4
Philippines	555	0.6
Viet Nam	40	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	840	0.9
Pakistan	85	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	670	0.8
Oceania	1,270	1.4
Australia	945	1.1
New Zealand	330	0.4
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	116,115	...
In the labour force	86,630	...
Employed	79,335	...
Unemployed	7,300	...
Not in the labour force	29,490	...
Participation rate	74.6	74.6
Employment rate	68.3	68.3
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	116,120	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,265	26.9
Worked	84,850	73.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	47,115	40.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,740	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	86,630	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,540	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	85,095	98.2
Employee	68,930	79.6
Permanent position	56,960	65.8
Temporary position	11,965	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,570	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,395	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	16,165	18.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	86,630	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,540	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	85,095	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,780	2.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,820	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	12,620	14.6
3 Health occupations	5,370	6.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,195	11.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,550	9.9
6 Sales and service occupations	19,245	22.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,425	7.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	405	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	680	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	86,630	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,540	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	85,095	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	280	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	455	0.5
22 Utilities	400	0.5
23 Construction	3,895	4.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,340	2.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,565	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,810	9.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,555	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	6,700	7.7
52 Finance and insurance	5,185	6.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,065	3.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,920	19.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	375	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,675	3.1
61 Educational services	6,145	7.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,315	9.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,610	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	6,405	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,945	3.4
91 Public administration	3,465	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	90,575	100.0
English	82,715	91.3
French	135	0.1
Non-official language	1,015	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,015	1.1
English and French	1,410	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,995	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	45	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	90,575	100.0
Single responses	89,565	98.9
Official languages	87,490	96.6
English	87,165	96.2
French	320	0.4
Non-official languages	2,075	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,075	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	10	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	730	0.8
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0
Russian	20	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	15	0.0
German	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	0.3
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	285	0.3
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	280	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	0.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	20	0.0
Portuguese	55	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	280	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	305	0.3
Korean	300	0.3
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	660	0.7
Chinese languages	660	0.7
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	535	0.6
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	25	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,010	1.1
English and French	165	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	805	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	90,575	100.0
None	84,750	93.6
English	1,140	1.3
French	1,095	1.2
Non-official language	2,855	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,855	3.2
English and French	10	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	205	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	445	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	79,335	100.0
Worked at home	34,480	43.5
Worked outside Canada	460	0.6
No fixed workplace address	6,745	8.5
Usual place of work	37,650	47.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,650	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,145	74.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,935	23.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	360	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	205	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,395	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,580	39.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,160	36.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,420	3.2
Public transit	8,590	19.3
Walked	14,540	32.8
Bicycle	2,165	4.9
Other method	1,525	3.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,395	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,205	25.2
15 to 29 minutes	17,650	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	9,845	22.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,305	7.4
60 minutes and over	2,380	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,395	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,435	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,275	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,730	21.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,240	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,320	23.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,400	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,695	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	910	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,780	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,585	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	10.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,020	89.9

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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