Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver GranvilleMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	109,799	...
Population, 2016¹	103,456	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	6.1
Total private dwellings²	55,422	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,210	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,902.5	4,902.5
Land area in square kilometres	22.40	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,800	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,125	11.0
0 to 4 years	4,185	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,005	3.6
10 to 14 years	3,930	3.6
15 to 64 years	78,415	71.4
15 to 19 years	4,305	3.9
20 to 24 years	6,750	6.1
25 to 29 years	11,240	10.2
30 to 34 years	11,330	10.3
35 to 39 years	9,255	8.4
40 to 44 years	7,370	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,885	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,705	7.0
55 to 59 years	7,280	6.6
60 to 64 years	6,285	5.7
65 years and over	19,260	17.5
65 to 69 years	5,680	5.2
70 to 74 years	5,225	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,150	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,240	2.0
85 years and over	2,970	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,675	1.5
90 to 94 years	925	0.8
95 to 99 years	315	0.3
100 years and over	60	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.0	11.0
15 to 64 years	71.4	71.4
65 years and over	17.5	17.5
85 years and over	2.7	2.7
Average age of the population	42.4	42.4
Median age of the population	40.0	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,210	100.0
Single-detached house	9,620	18.4
Semi-detached house	1,105	2.1
Row house	1,865	3.6
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,615	8.8
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,270	48.4
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,615	18.4
Other single-attached house	110	0.2
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,210	100.0
1 person	20,985	40.2
2 persons	17,595	33.7
3 persons	6,505	12.5
4 persons	4,735	9.1
5 or more persons	2,400	4.6
Number of persons in private households	108,155	100.0
Average household size	2.1	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,675	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,790	52.0
Married	39,515	40.5
Living common-law	11,275	11.5
Living common law - Never married	9,790	10.0
Living common law - Separated	165	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,240	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	75	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	46,885	48.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,615	35.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,095	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,175	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,995	4.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,335	100.0
2 persons	16,535	58.4
3 persons	6,085	21.5
4 persons	4,555	16.1
5 or more persons	1,155	4.1
Average size of census families	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,330	100.0
Total couple families	24,115	85.1
Married couples	18,480	65.2
With children⁶	9,780	34.5
Without children	8,700	30.7
Common-law couples	5,635	19.9
With children⁶	785	2.8
Without children	4,850	17.1
Total one-parent families	4,215	14.9
in which the parent is a woman+	3,515	12.4
in which the parent is a man+	700	2.5
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,155	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,580	69.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,230	44.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,215	3.9
Children⁶	23,135	21.4
In a two-parent family	17,425	16.1
In a one-parent family	5,705	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,580	30.1
Living alone	20,980	19.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,810	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	8,780	8.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,210	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,030	47.9
Couple-family households	21,580	41.3
With children⁶	9,315	17.8
Without children	12,265	23.5
One-parent-family households	3,445	6.6
Multigenerational households⁸	945	1.8
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280	0.5
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,275	2.4
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,700	7.1
One-person households	20,980	40.2
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,045	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,225	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,270	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,175	89.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,665	71.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,150	76.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,755	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,365	26.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,325	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,385	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,400	71,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,420	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	55,450
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,655	90.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,400	69,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,100	71.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,000	66,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,000	75.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,990	8,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,630	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	6,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,970	25.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,290	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,325	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,805	34.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	74,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,100	99,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,925	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	20,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,880	38,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.2	90.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.4	68.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.8	9.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	4.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,045	100.0
Without total income	2,815	2.9
With total income	93,225	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,940	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,180	9.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,335	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,050	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,630	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,215	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,280	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,480	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,590	3.9
$100,000 and over	16,220	17.4
$100,000 to $149,999	8,780	9.4
$150,000 and over	7,445	8.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,045	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,770	2.9
With after-tax income	93,275	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,505	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,505	10.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,815	14.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,085	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,290	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,700	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,445	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,975	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880	3.1
$100,000 and over	10,505	11.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,160	4.5
$125,000 and over	6,350	6.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,045	100.0
Without employment income	27,380	28.5
With employment income	68,665	71.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,555	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,295	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,300	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,640	8.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,265	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,335	7.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,540	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,495	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	4.2
$100,000 and over	11,555	16.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,325	6.3
$125,000 and over	7,230	10.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,045	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,290	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,465	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,810	88.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,365	72.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,000	59.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,300	1,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,650	3.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,325	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,520	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,200	70,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,675	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	55,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,170	88.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,600	70,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,610	72.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,000	64,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,880	59.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,980	5,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,600	3.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,730	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,325	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,205	33.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,000	92,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,200	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,720	45,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.6	94.6
Employment income (%)	70.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	5.4	5.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,210	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	72,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,980	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	51,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	45,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,225	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	118,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	102,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,245	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,700	127,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,100	99,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,980	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,100	66,100
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	53,100
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,270	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	169,000	169,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	130,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,210	100.0
Under $5,000	1,280	2.5
$5,000 to $9,999	565	1.1
$10,000 to $14,999	705	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	2.4
$20,000 to $24,999	2,110	4.0
$25,000 to $29,999	1,640	3.1
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	3.3
$35,000 to $39,999	1,805	3.5
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	3.3
$45,000 to $49,999	1,915	3.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,625	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,485	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,190	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	5.0
$100,000 and over	21,640	41.4
$100,000 to $124,999	5,150	9.9
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	7.3
$150,000 to $199,999	4,995	9.6
$200,000 and over	7,670	14.7
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,210	100.0
Under $5,000	1,530	2.9
$5,000 to $9,999	590	1.1
$10,000 to $14,999	725	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	1,305	2.5
$20,000 to $24,999	2,255	4.3
$25,000 to $29,999	1,885	3.6
$30,000 to $34,999	2,015	3.9
$35,000 to $39,999	2,085	4.0
$40,000 to $44,999	2,285	4.4
$45,000 to $49,999	2,175	4.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,310	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,970	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	5.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	5.1
$100,000 and over	17,875	34.2
$100,000 to $124,999	5,110	9.8
$125,000 to $149,999	3,770	7.2
$150,000 and over	8,995	17.2
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,415	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	119,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	103,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,705	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	115,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	99,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,590	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	154,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	130,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,970	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	72,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	65,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,760	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,385	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	173,000	173,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800	131,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,615	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	158,200	158,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,900	121,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,680	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	225,600	225,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,800	168,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,960	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,300	93,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	71,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,935	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,750	58,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	48,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,155	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,690	13.6
0 to 5 years	4,985	4.6
18 to 64 years	75,550	69.9
65 years and over	17,910	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,970	...
0 to 17 years	2,200	...
0 to 5 years	630	...
18 to 64 years	10,010	...
65 years and over	2,755	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	15.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.3
65 years and over (%)	15.4	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,155	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,695	13.6
0 to 5 years	4,985	4.6
18 to 64 years	75,555	69.9
65 years and over	17,910	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,755	...
0 to 17 years	1,595	...
0 to 5 years	400	...
18 to 64 years	8,820	...
65 years and over	1,340	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.7
65 years and over (%)	7.5	7.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,160	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,045	44.4
In bottom decile	15,285	14.1
In second decile	9,170	8.5
In third decile	8,205	7.6
In fourth decile	7,610	7.0
In fifth decile	7,770	7.2
In top half of the distribution	60,115	55.6
In sixth decile	8,185	7.6
In seventh decile	8,545	7.9
In eighth decile	9,575	8.9
In ninth decile	11,710	10.8
In top decile	22,100	20.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,155	108,155
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.448	0.448
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	0.516
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.392	0.392
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.8	5.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,660	100.0
English only	92,540	85.2
French only	65	0.1
English and French	11,425	10.5
Neither English nor French	4,630	4.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,660	100.0
English	101,610	93.5
French	1,840	1.7
English and French	655	0.6
Neither English nor French	4,550	4.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,660	100.0
Single responses	103,220	95.0
Official languages	59,530	54.8
English	57,825	53.2
French	1,705	1.6
Non-official languages	43,685	40.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,670	40.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	950	0.9
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	5	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	940	0.9
Amharic	30	0.0
Arabic	490	0.5
Aramaic languages	25	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	355	0.3
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	510	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,580	2.4
Bikol	15	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Cebuano	75	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	0.1
Ilocano	155	0.1
Indonesian	215	0.2
Kankanaey	5	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Malay	20	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,940	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	355	0.3
Kannada	20	0.0
Malayalam	75	0.1
Tamil	175	0.2
Telugu	75	0.1
Tulu	5	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	10	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,925	10.1
Albanian	25	0.0
Armenian	60	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,490	2.3
Baltic languages	45	0.0
Latvian	25	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0.0
Slavic languages	2,450	2.3
Belarusian	5	0.0
Bulgarian	100	0.1
Czech	145	0.1
Macedonian	15	0.0
Polish	400	0.4
Russian	945	0.9
Rusyn	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	560	0.5
Bosnian	70	0.1
Croatian	155	0.1
Serbian	330	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Slovak	80	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0.0
Ukrainian	180	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0.0
Irish	5	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	10	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,270	1.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	870	0.8
German	800	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	30	0.0
Yiddish	40	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	0.2
Afrikaans	60	0.1
Dutch	180	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	0.1
Danish	55	0.1
Icelandic	5	0.0
Norwegian	20	0.0
Swedish	55	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Greek	295	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	3,055	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,890	1.7
Assamese	5	0.0
Bengali	165	0.2
Gujarati	135	0.1
Hindi	515	0.5
Kacchi	30	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	10	0.0
Marathi	45	0.0
Nepali	20	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	5	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	780	0.7
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0.0
Urdu	155	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Iranian languages	1,165	1.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	65	0.1
Parsi	5	0.0
Pashto	5	0.0
Persian languages	1,085	1.0
Dari	55	0.1
Iranian Persian	925	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,715	3.4
Catalan	25	0.0
Italian	360	0.3
Portuguese	825	0.8
Romanian	240	0.2
Spanish	2,270	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	1,530	1.4
Korean	1,515	1.4
Mongolian	20	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0.0
Swahili	20	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	24,450	22.5
Chinese languages	24,430	22.5
Hakka	80	0.1
Mandarin	12,015	11.1
Min Dong	10	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	950	0.9
Wu (Shanghainese)	215	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	11,010	10.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	10	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	0.1
Lao	10	0.0
Thai	115	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Turkic languages	255	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	235	0.2
Uyghur	5	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	0.3
Estonian	20	0.0
Finnish	70	0.1
Hungarian	225	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,445	5.0
English and French	490	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,110	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	115	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	605	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,660	100.0
English	63,460	58.4
French	430	0.4
Non-official language	13,905	12.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,895	12.8
English and French	1,470	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	26,955	24.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	860	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,535	1.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,660	100.0
Single responses	103,130	94.9
Official languages	77,490	71.3
English	76,815	70.7
French	675	0.6
Non-official languages	25,640	23.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,635	23.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	470	0.4
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	5	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	0.4
Amharic	10	0.0
Arabic	205	0.2
Aramaic languages	20	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	205	0.2
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	240	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,240	1.1
Bikol	5	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	0.0
Ilocano	70	0.1
Indonesian	70	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	15	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	985	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	200	0.2
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	40	0.0
Tamil	110	0.1
Telugu	50	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,360	4.0
Albanian	5	0.0
Armenian	30	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	955	0.9
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0
Slavic languages	945	0.9
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	0.0
Czech	40	0.0
Macedonian	10	0.0
Polish	90	0.1
Russian	475	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	230	0.2
Bosnian	35	0.0
Croatian	35	0.0
Serbian	150	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	30	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	115	0.1
German	115	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	85	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,440	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	760	0.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	65	0.1
Gujarati	40	0.0
Hindi	245	0.2
Kacchi	10	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	25	0.0
Nepali	10	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	0.3
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0.0
Urdu	65	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	675	0.6
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	35	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	640	0.6
Dari	25	0.0
Iranian Persian	540	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,685	1.6
Catalan	5	0.0
Italian	85	0.1
Portuguese	465	0.4
Romanian	65	0.1
Spanish	1,065	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	805	0.7
Korean	930	0.9
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	10	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,085	15.7
Chinese languages	17,075	15.7
Hakka	25	0.0
Mandarin	9,175	8.4
Min Dong	5	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	510	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	7,185	6.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	0.1
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	45	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Turkic languages	125	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	115	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0
Hungarian	50	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,535	5.1
English and French	305	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,870	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,660	100.0
None	82,340	75.8
English	9,125	8.4
French	1,120	1.0
Non-official language	12,530	11.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,515	11.5
English and French	100	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,460	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	515	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,445	1.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,555	100.0
Official languages	103,915	95.7
English	103,865	95.7
French	11,370	10.5
Non-official languages	56,675	52.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,625	52.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,825	1.7
Berber languages	10	0.0
Kabyle	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	25	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,785	1.6
Amharic	80	0.1
Arabic	820	0.8
Aramaic languages	35	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	880	0.8
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	670	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0.0
Vietnamese	655	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,860	3.6
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Cebuano	140	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	120	0.1
Ilocano	230	0.2
Indonesian	415	0.4
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Malay	115	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	0.0
Pangasinan	25	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,215	3.0
Waray-Waray	25	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	0.1
Creole languages	40	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Dravidian languages	620	0.6
Kannada	35	0.0
Malayalam	160	0.1
Tamil	290	0.3
Telugu	165	0.2
Tulu	10	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	20	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,380	16.0
Albanian	55	0.1
Armenian	70	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,030	2.8
Baltic languages	60	0.1
Latvian	40	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0.0
Slavic languages	2,980	2.7
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	0.1
Czech	205	0.2
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	455	0.4
Russian	1,345	1.2
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	720	0.7
Bosnian	220	0.2
Croatian	285	0.3
Serbian	395	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Slovak	95	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0.0
Ukrainian	400	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	155	0.1
Irish	115	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	30	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Germanic languages	2,575	2.4
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	1,895	1.7
German	1,850	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0.0
Yiddish	35	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	435	0.4
Afrikaans	185	0.2
Dutch	250	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	0.3
Danish	105	0.1
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	80	0.1
Swedish	145	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Greek	475	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	4,540	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,085	2.8
Assamese	10	0.0
Bengali	230	0.2
Gujarati	225	0.2
Hindi	1,680	1.5
Kacchi	60	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	15	0.0
Marathi	80	0.1
Nepali	15	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0.0
Odia	10	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,310	1.2
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	15	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	0.1
Urdu	355	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Iranian languages	1,495	1.4
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	45	0.0
Parsi	15	0.0
Pashto	40	0.0
Persian languages	1,410	1.3
Dari	60	0.1
Iranian Persian	1,280	1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,320	6.7
Catalan	35	0.0
Italian	845	0.8
Portuguese	1,125	1.0
Romanian	315	0.3
Spanish	5,590	5.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Japanese	2,450	2.3
Korean	1,860	1.7
Mongolian	55	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	165	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0.0
Shona	15	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	90	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	25	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	140	0.1
American Sign Language	130	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	29,315	27.0
Chinese languages	29,265	27.0
Hakka	135	0.1
Mandarin	18,745	17.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,790	1.6
Wu (Shanghainese)	240	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	14,880	13.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	0.1
Burmese	25	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	20	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	0.2
Lao	30	0.0
Thai	235	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Turkic languages	330	0.3
Azerbaijani	10	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	305	0.3
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	425	0.4
Estonian	25	0.0
Finnish	105	0.1
Hungarian	295	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,560	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,760	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,695	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,040	1.0
Métis	640	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	106,795	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,560	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	765	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,785	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,245	100.0
Owner	24,455	46.8
Renter	27,795	53.2
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,245	100.0
Condominium	19,720	37.7
Not condominium	32,530	62.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,245	100.0
No bedrooms	1,715	3.3
1 bedroom	19,450	37.2
2 bedrooms	15,625	29.9
3 bedrooms	6,505	12.5
4 or more bedrooms	8,965	17.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,245	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	32,115	61.5
5 rooms	6,680	12.8
6 rooms	3,580	6.9
7 rooms	2,395	4.6
8 or more rooms	7,480	14.3
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	4.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,245	100.0
One person or fewer per room	50,905	97.4
More than one person per room	1,340	2.6
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,245	100.0
Suitable	48,590	93.0
Not suitable	3,660	7.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,245	100.0
1960 or before	12,325	23.6
1961 to 1980	12,060	23.1
1981 to 1990	7,250	13.9
1991 to 2000	7,150	13.7
2001 to 2005	2,555	4.9
2006 to 2010	2,930	5.6
2011 to 2015	3,050	5.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,930	9.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,245	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,775	93.4
Major repairs needed	3,475	6.7
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,245	100.0
One-maintainer household	29,915	57.3
Two-maintainer household	20,015	38.3
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,320	4.4
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,245	100.0
15 to 24 years	2,035	3.9
25 to 34 years	11,325	21.7
35 to 44 years	9,305	17.8
45 to 54 years	9,160	17.5
55 to 64 years	8,345	16.0
65 to 74 years	7,150	13.7
75 to 84 years	3,480	6.7
85 years and over	1,445	2.8
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,915	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,040	65.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,875	34.4
30% to less than 100%	14,225	27.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,250	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	22,590	43.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,805	30.2
Not suitable only	2,440	4.7
Major repairs needed only	1,985	3.8
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	860	1.6
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,140	2.2
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	280	0.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	0.1
Acceptable housing	29,660	56.8
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,260	100.0
In core need	9,105	18.9
Not in core need	39,155	81.1
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,450	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.8	47.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.2	28.2
% in core housing need⁶³	11.3	11.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,310	2,310
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,500,000	1,500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,156,000	2,156,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,795	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.2	7.2
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.9	39.9
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	25.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	1,560
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,724	1,724
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,555	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	485	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	480	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	415	0.4
Métis single ancestry	65	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,675	1.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,635	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	465	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,400	98.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,555	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,635	83.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,335	12.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,310	71.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,915	16.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,555	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,655	53.1
Immigrants⁸¹	44,310	40.8
Before 1980	7,195	6.6
1980 to 1990	5,620	5.2
1991 to 2000	10,720	9.9
2001 to 2010	9,835	9.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,940	10.1
2011 to 2015	4,460	4.1
2016 to 2021	6,475	6.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,595	6.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,310	100.0
Under 5 years	3,630	8.2
5 to 14 years	7,545	17.0
15 to 24 years	7,175	16.2
25 to 44 years	21,245	47.9
45 years and over	4,720	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,310	100.0
Americas	3,760	8.5
Brazil	310	0.7
Colombia	170	0.4
El Salvador	50	0.1
Guyana	25	0.1
Haiti	10	0.0
Jamaica	95	0.2
Mexico	650	1.5
Peru	190	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	75	0.2
United States of America	1,710	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	480	1.1
Europe	7,030	15.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	215	0.5
Croatia	65	0.1
France	425	1.0
Germany	490	1.1
Greece	110	0.2
Hungary	155	0.3
Italy	225	0.5
Netherlands	130	0.3
Poland	285	0.6
Portugal	75	0.2
Romania	275	0.6
Russian Federation	365	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	200	0.5
Ukraine	340	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,265	5.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,410	3.2
Africa	1,185	2.7
Algeria	40	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	90	0.2
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	60	0.1
Morocco	50	0.1
Nigeria	30	0.1
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	475	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	410	0.9
Asia	31,605	71.3
Afghanistan	60	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	970	2.2
Iraq	100	0.2
Lebanon	70	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	70	0.2
Turkey	145	0.3
China⁹⁰	11,185	25.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	5,610	12.7
Korea, South⁹²	1,255	2.8
Taiwan	3,545	8.0
Philippines	3,135	7.1
Viet Nam	525	1.2
Bangladesh	85	0.2
India	1,420	3.2
Pakistan	160	0.4
Sri Lanka	115	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	3,150	7.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	725	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,480	100.0
Americas	990	15.3
Brazil	180	2.8
Colombia	25	0.4
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	240	3.7
United States of America	390	6.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	125	1.9
Europe	1,455	22.5
France	160	2.5
Germany	70	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	260	4.0
Italy	55	0.8
Russian Federation	105	1.6
Ukraine	80	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	410	6.3
Other places of birth in Europe	315	4.9
Africa	135	2.1
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	20	0.3
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	15	0.2
Nigeria	10	0.2
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	0.5
Asia	3,655	56.4
Afghanistan	45	0.7
Bangladesh	30	0.5
China⁹⁰	1,295	20.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	190	2.9
India	565	8.7
Iran⁸⁸	140	2.2
Iraq	15	0.2
Israel	80	1.2
Japan	110	1.7
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	140	2.2
Lebanon	10	0.2
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0.2
Philippines	480	7.4
Saudi Arabia	45	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	0.5
Turkey	65	1.0
United Arab Emirates	35	0.5
Viet Nam	35	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	320	4.9
Oceania and other⁹³	245	3.8
Australia	200	3.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	40	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,555	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	53,060	48.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,755	24.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,740	26.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	37,120	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	27,215	73.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,845	29.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,375	44.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,855	21.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,435	3.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	610	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	37,120	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	620	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,000	13.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,060	5.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,880	7.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	26,425	71.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,555	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	56,670	52.2
South Asian	4,995	4.6
Chinese	33,625	31.0
Black	1,215	1.1
Filipino	3,970	3.7
Arab	555	0.5
Latin American	2,415	2.2
Southeast Asian	1,630	1.5
West Asian	1,410	1.3
Korean	1,960	1.8
Japanese	2,160	2.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	470	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	2,265	2.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	51,880	47.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,555	100.0
Canadian	5,290	4.9
English	15,730	14.5
Irish	11,800	10.9
Scottish	12,605	11.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,280	4.9
German	7,870	7.2
Chinese	30,115	27.7
Italian	3,015	2.8
Indian (India)	3,410	3.1
Ukrainian	3,650	3.4
Dutch	2,335	2.2
Polish	2,760	2.5
Québécois	145	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,080	3.8
Filipino	4,205	3.9
French Canadian	775	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,890	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	760	0.7
Métis	570	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,350	2.2
Russian	2,715	2.5
Norwegian	1,815	1.7
Welsh	1,625	1.5
Portuguese	850	0.8
American	1,445	1.3
Spanish	1,855	1.7
Swedish	1,710	1.6
Hungarian	1,110	1.0
Acadian	115	0.1
Pakistani	310	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	385	0.4
Jewish	2,795	2.6
Punjabi	520	0.5
Vietnamese	955	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	330	0.3
Greek	830	0.8
Jamaican	225	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,090	1.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	0.2
Korean	2,070	1.9
Romanian	670	0.6
Lebanese	380	0.4
Iranian	1,225	1.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	0.2
Danish	1,070	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	0.2
Sikh	255	0.2
Austrian	920	0.8
Belgian	445	0.4
Haitian	35	0.0
Hindu	320	0.3
Mexican	1,175	1.1
Mennonite	230	0.2
Swiss	395	0.4
Finnish	585	0.5
Sri Lankan	275	0.3
Croatian	515	0.5
Japanese	2,765	2.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	310	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	500	0.5
Muslim	180	0.2
Egyptian	190	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	0.3
Tamil	170	0.2
Icelandic	510	0.5
Colombian	235	0.2
Moroccan	125	0.1
Czech	495	0.5
Syrian	95	0.1
Guyanese	60	0.1
Afghan	75	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	0.1
Serbian	450	0.4
Ojibway	75	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	0.0
Hong Konger	1,980	1.8
Ontarian	60	0.1
Persian	310	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	0.1
Turkish	325	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0.0
Bangladeshi	145	0.1
Algerian	60	0.1
Brazilian	525	0.5
Nigerian	60	0.1
Armenian	125	0.1
Slovak	265	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	430	0.4
Somali	25	0.0
Taiwanese	3,330	3.1
Iraqi	90	0.1
Salvadorean	65	0.1
African Caribbean	70	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	275	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	145	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	0.1
Algonquin	20	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0.0
Lithuanian	325	0.3
South African	390	0.4
Australian	565	0.5
Palestinian	85	0.1
Chilean	220	0.2
Congolese	25	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	0.0
Ethiopian	60	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	0.1
Peruvian	205	0.2
Yoruba	35	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	0.0
Berber	35	0.0
Albanian	55	0.1
Maltese	75	0.1
Macedonian	20	0.0
Slovenian	105	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	0.0
Gujarati	45	0.0
Eritrean	15	0.0
African Canadian	15	0.0
Israeli	365	0.3
Mohawk	10	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	0.1
Bulgarian	125	0.1
Albertan	55	0.1
Ghanaian	45	0.0
Barbadian	30	0.0
African American	160	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	0.1
Tunisian	35	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	0.1
Cuban	45	0.0
Bosnian	205	0.2
Venezuelan	100	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	225	0.2
Bengali	40	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0.0
Guatemalan	55	0.1
Indonesian	370	0.3
Laotian	20	0.0
Ilocano	115	0.1
Northern Irish	120	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	200	0.2
British Columbian	235	0.2
Ecuadorian	95	0.1
Franco Ontarian	25	0.0
Argentinian	85	0.1
Estonian	135	0.1
Kurdish	25	0.0
Fijian	70	0.1
Jatt	40	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	0.0
Coptic	10	0.0
Thai	275	0.3
Dominican	25	0.0
Nepali	20	0.0
Kabyle	10	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	20	0.0
Byelorussian	60	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0.0
Abenaki	10	0.0
Moldovan	30	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	205	0.2
Sudanese	15	0.0
Breton	30	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0.0
Malaysian	220	0.2
Plains Cree	10	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	0.0
Buddhist	90	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	10	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0.0
Mauritian	40	0.0
Kenyan	55	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	35	0.0
Manitoban	35	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	10	0.0
Chaldean	35	0.0
Sinhalese	20	0.0
Mayan	40	0.0
Honduran	20	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	30	0.0
Flemish	55	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	30	0.0
Sicilian	20	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	110	0.1
Goan	35	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	30	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	0.0
Burmese	65	0.1
Mongolian	70	0.1
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	25	0.0
Oromo	45	0.0
Tanzanian	45	0.0
Yemeni	25	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	45	0.0
Uruguayan	35	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	0.0
Igorot	20	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	10	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	60	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0.0
Kashmiri	15	0.0
Singaporean	150	0.1
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	10	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,560	100.0
Buddhist	3,915	3.6
Christian	32,580	30.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,655	8.0
Anabaptist	250	0.2
Anglican	2,585	2.4
Baptist	930	0.9
Catholic	13,200	12.2
Christian Orthodox	1,465	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	410	0.4
Latter Day Saints	45	0.0
Lutheran	575	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	355	0.3
Presbyterian	515	0.5
Reformed	95	0.1
United Church	1,905	1.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,565	1.4
Hindu	1,400	1.3
Jewish	3,275	3.0
Muslim	2,380	2.2
Sikh	1,260	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,370	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	62,340	57.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,670	100.0
Non-movers	87,545	81.3
Movers	20,130	18.7
Non-migrants	13,395	12.4
Migrants	6,735	6.3
Internal migrants	3,930	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,270	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,660	1.5
External migrants	2,805	2.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,365	100.0
Non-movers	55,120	52.8
Movers	49,245	47.2
Non-migrants	23,265	22.3
Migrants	25,980	24.9
Internal migrants	15,275	14.6
Intraprovincial migrants	9,875	9.5
Interprovincial migrants	5,405	5.2
External migrants	10,705	10.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,325	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,945	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,385	92.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,250	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,105	3.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,145	96.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,330	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,345	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,440	20.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,545	73.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	20.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,345	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,730	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,615	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,410	12.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,625	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,165	53.1
Bachelor's degree	31,735	32.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,145	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,195	2.3
Master's degree	11,800	12.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,285	2.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,250	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,755	2.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,140	15.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,350	82.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,205	21.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,435	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,280	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,150	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,020	13.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,755	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	41,140	61.2
Bachelor's degree	25,385	37.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,405	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,595	2.4
Master's degree	10,005	14.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,750	2.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,330	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,785	26.8
Education	3,470	3.6
13. Education	3,470	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,545	5.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	545	0.6
50. Visual and performing arts	5,005	5.2
Humanities	5,160	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	705	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,590	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,325	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	120	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	265	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	0.3
54. History	725	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,115	12.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	290	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,560	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705	0.7
22. Legal professions and studies	2,100	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	295	0.3
42. Psychology	2,315	2.4
45. Social sciences	4,855	5.0
Business, management and public administration	15,045	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,315	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,590	4.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,250	2.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	965	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,225	1.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,885	4.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,820	2.9
25. Library science	285	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	590	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	185	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,780	9.1
04. Architecture and related services	1,170	1.2
14. Engineering	4,510	4.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,305	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	875	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	655	0.7
48. Precision production	260	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	0.6
Health and related fields	9,235	9.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,595	7.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	905	0.9
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,625	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,200	1.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,250	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,900	17.7
Education	2,190	3.3
13. Education	2,190	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,605	6.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	475	0.7
50. Visual and performing arts	4,130	6.1
Humanities	3,965	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	580	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,195	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,020	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	0.3
54. History	550	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,760	14.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	255	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,385	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,640	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	0.3
42. Psychology	1,790	2.7
45. Social sciences	3,945	5.9
Business, management and public administration	12,075	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	465	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,605	17.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,535	5.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,770	2.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	720	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	0.1
40. Physical sciences	935	1.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,215	4.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,460	3.7
25. Library science	180	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	415	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	160	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,955	10.3
04. Architecture and related services	935	1.4
14. Engineering	3,680	5.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	965	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	685	1.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	0.7
48. Precision production	195	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	840	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	0.7
Health and related fields	6,945	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,645	8.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	670	1.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,245	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	905	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	120	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,250	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,900	17.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,350	82.3
Location of study inside Canada	37,600	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	28,075	41.7
Different than province or territory of residence	9,525	14.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,755	26.4
Americas	4,045	6.0
United States of America	2,760	4.1
Mexico	545	0.8
Cuba	10	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0.0
Brazil	400	0.6
Colombia	85	0.1
Peru	40	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	160	0.2
Europe	4,555	6.8
Belgium	45	0.1
France	345	0.5
Germany	180	0.3
Netherlands	85	0.1
Switzerland	85	0.1
Hungary	45	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	75	0.1
Romania	105	0.2
Russian Federation	195	0.3
Ukraine	170	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	555	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,070	3.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0.0
Italy	90	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	55	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	440	0.7
Africa	245	0.4
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	10	0.0
Morocco	20	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	35	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	160	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0.0
Asia	8,020	11.9
Iran⁸⁸	265	0.4
Iraq	25	0.0
Israel	115	0.2
Lebanon	25	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	110	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,940	4.4
Taiwan	645	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	470	0.7
Japan	520	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	490	0.7
Philippines	1,275	1.9
Viet Nam	45	0.1
Bangladesh	35	0.1
Sri Lanka	25	0.0
India	650	1.0
Pakistan	45	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	335	0.5
Oceania	890	1.3
Australia	730	1.1
New Zealand	160	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,330	...
In the labour force	65,105	...
Employed	59,825	...
Unemployed	5,280	...
Not in the labour force	31,225	...
Participation rate	67.6	67.6
Employment rate	62.1	62.1
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,330	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,750	33.0
Worked	64,575	67.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,175	35.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,400	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,105	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,840	98.1
Employee	50,960	78.3
Permanent position	40,845	62.7
Temporary position	10,120	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,330	6.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,790	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,885	19.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,105	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,840	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,395	2.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,060	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,680	11.8
3 Health occupations	6,185	9.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,180	14.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,605	8.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,280	20.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,270	8.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	420	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	765	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,105	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	63,840	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	230	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	0.3
22 Utilities	290	0.4
23 Construction	2,860	4.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,135	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,815	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,805	8.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,220	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	3,720	5.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,465	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,430	3.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,510	16.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	255	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,155	3.3
61 Educational services	6,385	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,575	13.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,880	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,695	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,515	3.9
91 Public administration	2,715	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,380	100.0
English	61,350	88.4
French	105	0.2
Non-official language	1,610	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,605	2.3
English and French	875	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,155	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	170	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,380	100.0
Single responses	68,175	98.3
Official languages	65,260	94.1
English	65,055	93.8
French	205	0.3
Non-official languages	2,910	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,905	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	15	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	0.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	25	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	30	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	130	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	145	0.2
Korean	125	0.2
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	3.3
Chinese languages	2,280	3.3
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	1,620	2.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	660	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,200	1.7
English and French	125	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,380	100.0
None	64,040	92.3
English	1,120	1.6
French	665	1.0
Non-official language	2,685	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,675	3.9
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	625	0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,825	100.0
Worked at home	22,750	38.0
Worked outside Canada	615	1.0
No fixed workplace address	5,545	9.3
Usual place of work	30,910	51.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,910	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,715	70.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,795	28.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	280	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	120	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,460	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,430	56.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,680	51.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,750	4.8
Public transit	7,615	20.9
Walked	5,040	13.8
Bicycle	2,275	6.2
Other method	1,100	3.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,460	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,510	23.3
15 to 29 minutes	14,620	40.1
30 to 44 minutes	8,640	23.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,995	8.2
60 minutes and over	1,695	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,460	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,250	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,240	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,380	23.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,905	27.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,525	23.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,165	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,995	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,625	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,530	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	995	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	695	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,530	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table