Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NunavutMore information: Nunavut [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,858	...
Population, 2016¹	35,944	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.5	2.5
Total private dwellings²	11,720	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,926	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.0	0.0
Land area in square kilometres	1,836,993.78	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,855	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,080	32.8
0 to 4 years	4,385	11.9
5 to 9 years	3,990	10.8
10 to 14 years	3,705	10.1
15 to 64 years	23,170	62.9
15 to 19 years	3,085	8.4
20 to 24 years	2,860	7.8
25 to 29 years	2,990	8.1
30 to 34 years	3,035	8.2
35 to 39 years	2,370	6.4
40 to 44 years	2,110	5.7
45 to 49 years	1,930	5.2
50 to 54 years	1,985	5.4
55 to 59 years	1,615	4.4
60 to 64 years	1,185	3.2
65 years and over	1,605	4.4
65 to 69 years	720	2.0
70 to 74 years	480	1.3
75 to 79 years	220	0.6
80 to 84 years	100	0.3
85 years and over	80	0.2
85 to 89 years	60	0.2
90 to 94 years	20	0.1
95 to 99 years	0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	32.8	32.8
15 to 64 years	62.9	62.9
65 years and over	4.4	4.4
85 years and over	0.2	0.2
Average age of the population	28.3	28.3
Median age of the population	25.6	25.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,925	100.0
Single-detached house	4,275	43.1
Semi-detached house	955	9.6
Row house	3,025	30.5
Apartment or flat in a duplex	195	2.0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,345	13.6
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	115	1.2
Other single-attached house	10	0.1
Movable dwelling⁴	10	0.1
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,930	100.0
1 person	1,960	19.7
2 persons	1,915	19.3
3 persons	1,415	14.2
4 persons	1,395	14.0
5 or more persons	3,240	32.6
Number of persons in private households	36,605	100.0
Average household size	3.7	3.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,780	100.0
Married or living common-law	12,485	50.4
Married	6,210	25.1
Living common-law	6,275	25.3
Living common law - Never married	5,925	23.9
Living common law - Separated	100	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	195	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	50	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	12,290	49.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,575	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	465	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	480	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	770	3.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,075	100.0
2 persons	3,075	33.9
3 persons	2,075	22.9
4 persons	1,665	18.3
5 or more persons	2,260	24.9
Average size of census families	3.6	3.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	2.2
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,070	100.0
Total couple families	6,065	66.9
Married couples	2,925	32.2
With children⁶	2,265	25.0
Without children	660	7.3
Common-law couples	3,140	34.6
With children⁶	2,370	26.1
Without children	770	8.5
Total one-parent families	3,010	33.2
in which the parent is a woman+	2,095	23.1
in which the parent is a man+	915	10.1
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,605	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,260	88.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,125	33.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,005	8.2
Children⁶	17,120	46.8
In a two-parent family	11,710	32.0
In a one-parent family	5,415	14.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,340	11.9
Living alone	1,955	5.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,730	4.7
Living with non-relatives only	660	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,925	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,545	55.9
Couple-family households	4,115	41.5
With children⁶	3,195	32.2
Without children	920	9.3
One-parent-family households	1,430	14.4
Multigenerational households⁸	1,340	13.5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	1.8
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	505	5.1
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	400	4.0
One-person households	1,955	19.7
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	24,535	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,595	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,595	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,165	78.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,705	72.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,485	95.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,060	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,620	35.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	24,540	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,595	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	57,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,595	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	49,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,165	78.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	56,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,705	72.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	58,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,485	95.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,060	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510	8,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,615	35.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	10,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	24,540	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,185	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,500	93,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,775	19.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	33,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.2	76.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.7	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	24,540	100.0
Without total income	945	3.9
With total income	23,590	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,825	16.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,005	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,220	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,265	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	6.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,200	5.1
$60,000 to $69,999	890	3.8
$70,000 to $79,999	815	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	880	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	840	3.6
$100,000 and over	5,025	21.3
$100,000 to $149,999	3,700	15.7
$150,000 and over	1,325	5.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	24,540	100.0
Without after-tax income	945	3.9
With after-tax income	23,590	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,835	16.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,065	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,415	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,410	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,755	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,295	5.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,095	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	4.9
$100,000 and over	3,310	14.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	9.1
$125,000 and over	1,160	4.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	24,540	100.0
Without employment income	6,830	27.8
With employment income	17,705	72.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,275	18.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,575	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,965	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270	7.2
$30,000 to $39,999	910	5.1
$40,000 to $49,999	730	4.1
$50,000 to $59,999	690	3.9
$60,000 to $69,999	655	3.7
$70,000 to $79,999	670	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	810	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	755	4.3
$100,000 and over	4,400	24.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,925	10.9
$125,000 and over	2,470	14.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	24,535	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,155	90.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,155	90.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,045	77.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,360	74.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,390	83.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,800	3,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,975	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	24,540	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,155	90.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	55,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,155	90.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	47,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,040	77.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	55,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,360	74.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	54,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,390	83.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220	8,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,970	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,910	9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	24,540	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,115	33.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000	88,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,900	86,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,515	18.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,560	36,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	86.2
Employment income (%)	82.2	82.2
Government transfers (%)	13.8	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,925	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000	118,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	104,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,955	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,000	69,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,970	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	128,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	115,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,925	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	136,000	136,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	117,400	117,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,955	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	84,900	84,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	71,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,970	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,600	148,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800	128,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,925	100.0
Under $5,000	100	1.0
$5,000 to $9,999	100	1.0
$10,000 to $14,999	130	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	145	1.5
$20,000 to $24,999	210	2.1
$25,000 to $29,999	230	2.3
$30,000 to $34,999	250	2.5
$35,000 to $39,999	165	1.7
$40,000 to $44,999	245	2.5
$45,000 to $49,999	240	2.4
$50,000 to $59,999	455	4.6
$60,000 to $69,999	510	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	455	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	500	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	435	4.4
$100,000 and over	5,765	58.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,145	11.5
$125,000 to $149,999	1,085	10.9
$150,000 to $199,999	1,385	14.0
$200,000 and over	2,145	21.6
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,925	100.0
Under $5,000	105	1.1
$5,000 to $9,999	100	1.0
$10,000 to $14,999	130	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	150	1.5
$20,000 to $24,999	220	2.2
$25,000 to $29,999	245	2.5
$30,000 to $34,999	240	2.4
$35,000 to $39,999	195	2.0
$40,000 to $44,999	240	2.4
$45,000 to $49,999	260	2.6
$50,000 to $59,999	495	5.0
$60,000 to $69,999	615	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	510	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	575	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	605	6.1
$100,000 and over	5,225	52.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	14.4
$125,000 to $149,999	1,000	10.1
$150,000 and over	2,795	28.2
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,775	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	126,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000
Average family size of economic families	4.4	4.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	945	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000	184,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	154,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,495	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	129,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.3	5.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,965	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	75,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	70,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.4	3.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,615	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,500	71,500
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800	62,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,775	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,600	146,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,300	127,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	950	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	186,800	186,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	154,400	154,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,495	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,800	163,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	142,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,965	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,800	89,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	80,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,615	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,100	80,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,100	67,100
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,600	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,945	38.1
0 to 5 years	5,155	14.1
18 to 64 years	21,085	57.6
65 years and over	1,570	4.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,385	...
0 to 17 years	2,635	...
0 to 5 years	1,035	...
18 to 64 years	2,605	...
65 years and over	145	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	18.9	18.9
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	12.4
65 years and over (%)	9.2	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	...
0 to 17 years	0	...
0 to 5 years	0	...
18 to 64 years	0	...
65 years and over	0	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,600	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,155	49.6
In bottom decile	4,460	12.2
In second decile	4,250	11.6
In third decile	3,530	9.6
In fourth decile	3,065	8.4
In fifth decile	2,845	7.8
In top half of the distribution	18,440	50.4
In sixth decile	2,835	7.7
In seventh decile	2,965	8.1
In eighth decile	3,070	8.4
In ninth decile	3,725	10.2
In top decile	5,850	16.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,605	36,605
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.366	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.520	0.520
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.331	0.331
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	5.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,645	100.0
English only	33,105	90.3
French only	65	0.2
English and French	1,390	3.8
Neither English nor French	2,085	5.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,645	100.0
English	33,955	92.7
French	575	1.6
English and French	95	0.3
Neither English nor French	2,025	5.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,645	100.0
Single responses	32,750	89.4
Official languages	12,620	34.4
English	12,100	33.0
French	520	1.4
Non-official languages	20,130	54.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	19,380	52.9
Algonquian languages	15	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	19,370	52.9
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	230	0.6
Inuinnaqtun	215	0.6
Inuvialuktun	10	0.0
Inuktitut	19,130	52.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	745	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	0.2
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	0.2
Amharic	20	0.1
Arabic	35	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	0.6
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0.0
Ilocano	10	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0.0
Tamil	15	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	0.7
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0.0
Polish	10	0.0
Russian	20	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	20	0.1
German	20	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	0.2
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	15	0.0
Gujarati	10	0.0
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0.0
Urdu	20	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.0
Romanian	5	0.0
Spanish	55	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	20	0.1
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	0.1
Chinese languages	45	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,890	10.6
English and French	110	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,730	10.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,645	100.0
English	11,635	31.8
French	235	0.6
Non-official language	10,010	27.3
Indigenous³⁹	9,915	27.1
Non-Indigenous	100	0.3
English and French	335	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	14,260	38.9
French and non-official language(s)	30	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	35	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,645	100.0
Single responses	32,875	89.7
Official languages	17,395	47.5
English	17,060	46.6
French	340	0.9
Non-official languages	15,475	42.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15,190	41.5
Algonquian languages	5	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15,180	41.4
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	75	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	65	0.2
Inuvialuktun	10	0.0
Inuktitut	15,100	41.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	290	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0.1
Amharic	15	0.0
Arabic	5	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	0.3
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	0.3
Waray-Waray	5	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	10	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	10	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	5	0.0
Gujarati	5	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	20	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	5	0.0
Spanish	20	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	5	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	5	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,765	10.3
English and French	95	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,660	10.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,645	100.0
None	25,590	69.8
English	5,470	14.9
French	185	0.5
Non-official language	5,230	14.3
Indigenous³⁹	4,905	13.4
Non-Indigenous	325	0.9
English and French	15	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,600	100.0
Official languages	34,515	94.3
English	34,455	94.1
French	1,455	4.0
Non-official languages	26,870	73.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25,650	70.1
Algonquian languages	40	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25,635	70.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	530	1.4
Inuinnaqtun	515	1.4
Inuvialuktun	15	0.0
Inuktitut	25,130	68.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	20	0.1
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,315	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	0.3
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	0.2
Amharic	20	0.1
Arabic	65	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	0.8
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Cebuano	10	0.0
Fijian	10	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0.0
Indonesian	10	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	10	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	35	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0.1
Kannada	10	0.0
Malayalam	10	0.0
Tamil	25	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	560	1.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.0
Russian	35	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0.0
Irish	10	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Germanic languages	90	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	60	0.2
German	60	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0
Danish	10	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	115	0.3
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	20	0.1
Gujarati	10	0.0
Hindi	50	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	0.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0.0
Urdu	50	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	10	0.0
Persian languages	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	0.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	25	0.1
Portuguese	20	0.1
Romanian	10	0.0
Spanish	240	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	20	0.1
Korean	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	0.5
Akan (Twi)	15	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	25	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	35	0.1
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	10	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	50	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Sign languages	60	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	0.2
Chinese languages	70	0.2
Hakka	10	0.0
Mandarin	35	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,605	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,390	85.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,160	85.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	180	0.5
Métis	120	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	30,865	84.3
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	5,210	14.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,605	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	36,475	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,925	100.0
Owner	1,905	19.2
Renter	8,020	80.8
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,925	100.0
Condominium	800	8.1
Not condominium	9,125	91.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,925	100.0
No bedrooms	60	0.6
1 bedroom	1,420	14.3
2 bedrooms	3,915	39.4
3 bedrooms	3,010	30.3
4 or more bedrooms	1,525	15.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,925	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	4,850	48.9
5 rooms	2,225	22.4
6 rooms	1,540	15.5
7 rooms	705	7.1
8 or more rooms	610	6.1
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	4.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,925	100.0
One person or fewer per room	7,715	77.7
More than one person per room	2,215	22.3
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,925	100.0
Suitable	6,615	66.6
Not suitable	3,310	33.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,925	100.0
1960 or before	235	2.4
1961 to 1980	2,140	21.6
1981 to 1990	1,860	18.7
1991 to 2000	2,110	21.3
2001 to 2005	825	8.3
2006 to 2010	915	9.2
2011 to 2015	1,015	10.2
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	825	8.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,925	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,285	73.4
Major repairs needed	2,640	26.6
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,925	100.0
One-maintainer household	6,175	62.2
Two-maintainer household	3,275	33.0
Three-or-more-maintainer household	480	4.8
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,925	100.0
15 to 24 years	300	3.0
25 to 34 years	2,155	21.7
35 to 44 years	2,375	23.9
45 to 54 years	2,370	23.9
55 to 64 years	1,730	17.4
65 to 74 years	725	7.3
75 to 84 years	220	2.2
85 years and over	50	0.5
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,910	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,345	94.3
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	560	5.7
30% to less than 100%	445	4.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,925	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,140	51.8
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	395	4.0
Not suitable only	2,040	20.6
Major repairs needed only	1,345	13.6
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	0.7
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	90	0.9
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,190	12.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	0.2
Acceptable housing	4,785	48.2
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,790	100.0
In core need	3,225	32.9
Not in core need	6,570	67.1
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,905	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	58.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.6	7.6
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	14.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,818	1,818
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	410,800	410,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,020	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	85.9	85.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.3	5.3
% in core housing need⁶³	37.2	37.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	408	408
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	822	822
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,600	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	27,770	75.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	27,570	75.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	170	0.5
Métis single ancestry	20	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	27,375	74.8
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	195	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	160	0.4
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,585	9.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,485	9.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,195	8.7
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	0.2
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,250	14.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,600	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,180	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,900	38.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,275	60.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	425	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,600	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,365	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,165	3.2
Before 1980	125	0.3
1980 to 1990	70	0.2
1991 to 2000	125	0.3
2001 to 2010	405	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	445	1.2
2011 to 2015	205	0.6
2016 to 2021	240	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	75	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,165	100.0
Under 5 years	100	8.6
5 to 14 years	175	15.0
15 to 24 years	180	15.5
25 to 44 years	605	51.9
45 years and over	105	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,165	100.0
Americas	200	17.2
Brazil	10	0.9
Colombia	0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0.0
Guyana	10	0.9
Haiti	10	0.9
Jamaica	45	3.9
Mexico	10	0.9
Peru	0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0.9
United States of America	65	5.6
Other places of birth in Americas	40	3.4
Europe	170	14.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	10	0.9
France	15	1.3
Germany	15	1.3
Greece	0	0.0
Hungary	10	0.9
Italy	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	10	0.9
Portugal	0	0.0
Romania	10	0.9
Russian Federation	10	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	4.7
Other places of birth in Europe	35	3.0
Africa	305	26.2
Algeria	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	1.7
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	65	5.6
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	190	16.3
Asia	480	41.2
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0.9
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	10	0.9
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	255	21.9
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	1.3
India	65	5.6
Pakistan	35	3.0
Sri Lanka	15	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	35	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	100.0
Americas	50	20.8
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	15	6.3
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	15	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	4.2
Europe	10	4.2
France	0	0.0
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0
Africa	70	29.2
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	10	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	6.3
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	15	6.3
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10.4
Asia	105	43.8
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	4.2
China⁹⁰	10	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	25	10.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	50	20.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	4.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,600	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,295	3.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,050	2.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,255	93.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,040	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	595	57.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	320	30.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	275	26.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	295	28.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	135	13.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,040	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	10.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	160	15.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	7.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	670	64.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,605	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,325	3.6
South Asian	175	0.5
Chinese	65	0.2
Black	565	1.5
Filipino	315	0.9
Arab	35	0.1
Latin American	60	0.2
Southeast Asian	15	0.0
West Asian	10	0.0
Korean	10	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	50	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,280	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,600	100.0
Canadian	1,025	2.8
English	1,405	3.8
Irish	1,580	4.3
Scottish	2,095	5.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	880	2.4
German	610	1.7
Chinese	100	0.3
Italian	160	0.4
Indian (India)	90	0.2
Ukrainian	160	0.4
Dutch	185	0.5
Polish	135	0.4
Québécois	60	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	285	0.8
Filipino	305	0.8
French Canadian	145	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	605	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	100	0.3
Métis	125	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	400	1.1
Russian	95	0.3
Norwegian	120	0.3
Welsh	170	0.5
Portuguese	100	0.3
American	150	0.4
Spanish	55	0.2
Swedish	100	0.3
Hungarian	80	0.2
Acadian	95	0.3
Pakistani	30	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	0.7
Jewish	50	0.1
Punjabi	10	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0.0
Greek	25	0.1
Jamaican	75	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	0.4
Korean	15	0.0
Romanian	30	0.1
Lebanese	45	0.1
Iranian	20	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	0.2
Danish	130	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	0.2
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	20	0.1
Belgian	20	0.1
Haitian	25	0.1
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	20	0.1
Mennonite	15	0.0
Swiss	40	0.1
Finnish	40	0.1
Sri Lankan	15	0.0
Croatian	25	0.1
Japanese	15	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	0.1
Muslim	0	0.0
Egyptian	10	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0.0
Tamil	20	0.1
Icelandic	20	0.1
Colombian	15	0.0
Moroccan	15	0.0
Czech	10	0.0
Syrian	10	0.0
Guyanese	10	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	0.2
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	20	0.1
Newfoundlander	80	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0.0
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30,700	83.9
Bangladeshi	15	0.0
Algerian	0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0.0
Nigerian	40	0.1
Armenian	0	0.0
Slovak	30	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0.1
Somali	10	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
South African	20	0.1
Australian	10	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	0	0.0
Congolese	0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0.0
Peruvian	0	0.0
Yoruba	40	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	10	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	10	0.0
African Canadian	10	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	25	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	30	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	85	0.2
Latvian	10	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	50	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	10	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	10	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	60	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	20	0.1
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0.0
Malaysian	10	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	10	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	15	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	10	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	0.1
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0.1
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	15	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	10	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0.1
Igorot	10	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	15	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	36,605	100.0
Buddhist	15	0.0
Christian	26,915	73.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,015	5.5
Anabaptist	15	0.0
Anglican	14,295	39.1
Baptist	95	0.3
Catholic	8,235	22.5
Christian Orthodox	40	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	50	0.1
Latter Day Saints	25	0.1
Lutheran	25	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,450	4.0
Presbyterian	55	0.2
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	165	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	415	1.1
Hindu	55	0.2
Jewish	35	0.1
Muslim	140	0.4
Sikh	10	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	180	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	9,115	24.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,635	100.0
Non-movers	32,160	90.2
Movers	3,465	9.7
Non-migrants	2,220	6.2
Migrants	1,250	3.5
Internal migrants	1,220	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	490	1.4
Interprovincial migrants	730	2.0
External migrants	30	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	32,220	100.0
Non-movers	21,200	65.8
Movers	11,025	34.2
Non-migrants	7,005	21.7
Migrants	4,015	12.5
Internal migrants	3,830	11.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,630	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,195	6.8
External migrants	185	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,540	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,030	57.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,510	42.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,065	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,865	51.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,195	48.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,535	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,740	51.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,540	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,260	29.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,655	19.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,235	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	690	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	545	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,080	12.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	335	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,605	10.6
Bachelor's degree	1,635	6.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	165	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	0.1
Master's degree	715	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,060	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,700	45.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,920	17.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,435	37.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,025	23.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,070	6.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	595	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	470	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,685	15.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,410	14.1
Bachelor's degree	1,490	8.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	150	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	0.2
Master's degree	680	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,535	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,280	70.4
Education	880	3.6
13. Education	880	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	165	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	140	0.6
Humanities	310	1.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	0.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	0.1
54. History	50	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	935	3.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	230	0.9
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	185	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	140	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0.1
42. Psychology	60	0.2
45. Social sciences	230	0.9
Business, management and public administration	1,700	6.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,460	6.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	0.4
25. Library science	0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,275	5.2
04. Architecture and related services	35	0.1
14. Engineering	110	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	505	2.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	1.1
48. Precision production	60	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	0.8
Health and related fields	680	2.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	585	2.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	710	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	210	0.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	110	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	1.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,060	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,625	62.3
Education	785	4.6
13. Education	785	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	120	0.7
Humanities	255	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	0.1
54. History	45	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	820	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	0.9
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0.1
42. Psychology	60	0.4
45. Social sciences	210	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,530	9.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,325	7.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0.1
40. Physical sciences	50	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	0.6
25. Library science	0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,125	6.6
04. Architecture and related services	35	0.2
14. Engineering	100	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	445	2.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225	1.3
48. Precision production	55	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	1.0
Health and related fields	610	3.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	525	3.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	630	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	185	1.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	2.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,060	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,625	62.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,440	37.7
Location of study inside Canada	5,810	34.1
Same as province or territory of residence	2,400	14.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,410	20.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	630	3.7
Americas	130	0.8
United States of America	95	0.6
Mexico	0	0.0
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0.1
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0.1
Europe	130	0.8
Belgium	10	0.1
France	10	0.1
Germany	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	10	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	0.1
Africa	100	0.6
Nigeria	30	0.2
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	10	0.1
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	55	0.3
Asia	245	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0.1
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	160	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0.1
Sri Lanka	10	0.1
India	35	0.2
Pakistan	15	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania	15	0.1
Australia	10	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	24,535	...
In the labour force	14,380	...
Employed	11,945	...
Unemployed	2,435	...
Not in the labour force	10,155	...
Participation rate	58.6	58.6
Employment rate	48.7	48.7
Unemployment rate	16.9	16.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	24,535	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,815	44.1
Worked	13,720	55.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,445	34.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,275	21.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,380	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	7.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,255	92.2
Employee	12,795	89.0
Permanent position	9,105	63.3
Temporary position	3,695	25.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	935	6.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,755	19.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	455	3.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,380	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	7.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,255	92.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	270	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,420	16.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	475	3.3
3 Health occupations	540	3.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,950	20.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	435	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	3,110	21.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,610	18.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,380	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,130	7.9
All industries¹⁹¹	13,255	92.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	400	2.8
22 Utilities	335	2.3
23 Construction	630	4.4
31-33 Manufacturing	80	0.6
41 Wholesale trade	100	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	1,610	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	595	4.1
51 Information and cultural industries	145	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	105	0.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	2.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	325	2.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	380	2.6
61 Educational services	1,525	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	1,310	9.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	250	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	360	2.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	315	2.2
91 Public administration	4,220	29.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,180	100.0
English	8,130	53.6
French	30	0.2
Non-official language	885	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	880	5.8
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0
English and French	260	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	5,825	38.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,180	100.0
Single responses	13,320	87.7
Official languages	10,455	68.9
English	10,400	68.5
French	60	0.4
Non-official languages	2,860	18.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,865	18.9
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	2,855	18.8
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0.1
Inuinnaqtun	10	0.1
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	2,850	18.8
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,860	12.3
English and French	25	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,825	12.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,180	100.0
None	10,900	71.8
English	1,995	13.1
French	220	1.4
Non-official language	2,025	13.3
Indigenous³⁹	2,020	13.3
Non-Indigenous	0	0.0
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,945	100.0
Worked at home	870	7.3
Worked outside Canada	10	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,205	10.1
Usual place of work	9,870	82.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,870	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,155	92.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	520	5.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	145	1.5
Commute to a different province or territory	50	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,075	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,760	52.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,155	37.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,610	14.5
Public transit	100	0.9
Walked	3,970	35.8
Bicycle	30	0.3
Other method	1,215	11.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,075	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,670	87.3
15 to 29 minutes	1,095	9.9
30 to 44 minutes	135	1.2
45 to 59 minutes	40	0.4
60 minutes and over	130	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,075	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	190	1.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	515	4.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,770	16.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,305	56.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,225	11.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,065	9.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,180	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	535	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,645	96.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,500	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	3.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,140	96.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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