Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove	Capital, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,991,981	415,451
Population, 2016¹	35,151,728	383,360
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.2	8.4
Total private dwellings²	16,284,235	198,435
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,978,941	185,206
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	177.7
Land area in square kilometres	8,788,702.80	2,338.22
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,991,980	415,455
0 to 14 years	6,012,795	52,380
0 to 4 years	1,831,195	15,655
5 to 9 years	2,054,900	18,325
10 to 14 years	2,126,705	18,405
15 to 64 years	23,957,760	263,425
15 to 19 years	2,012,975	19,030
20 to 24 years	2,202,255	24,240
25 to 29 years	2,421,510	27,070
30 to 34 years	2,518,835	28,360
35 to 39 years	2,511,345	28,460
40 to 44 years	2,399,405	26,245
45 to 49 years	2,304,170	24,655
50 to 54 years	2,368,350	26,190
55 to 59 years	2,647,330	28,835
60 to 64 years	2,571,580	30,340
65 years and over	7,021,430	99,645
65 to 69 years	2,210,970	29,775
70 to 74 years	1,847,585	27,140
75 to 79 years	1,260,930	18,105
80 to 84 years	840,545	11,525
85 years and over	861,395	13,105
85 to 89 years	525,445	7,390
90 to 94 years	258,035	4,280
95 to 99 years	68,380	1,280
100 years and over	9,535	145
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	12.6
15 to 64 years	64.8	63.4
65 years and over	19.0	24.0
85 years and over	2.3	3.2
Average age of the population	41.9	45.1
Median age of the population	41.6	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,978,940	185,210
Single-detached house	7,872,310	74,635
Semi-detached house	746,560	6,655
Row house	980,110	11,520
Apartment or flat in a duplex	821,490	27,395
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,738,020	47,560
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,596,155	14,650
Other single-attached house	34,880	320
Movable dwelling⁴	189,420	2,475
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,978,940	185,205
1 person	4,396,015	62,480
2 persons	5,124,800	69,515
3 persons	2,194,825	23,890
4 persons	2,002,455	19,245
5 or more persons	1,260,850	10,080
Number of persons in private households	36,328,475	406,080
Average household size	2.4	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	30,979,185	363,070
Married or living common-law	17,626,005	203,960
Married	13,725,625	159,930
Living common-law	3,900,375	44,025
Living common law - Never married	2,967,665	32,120
Living common law - Separated	123,830	1,460
Living common law - Divorced	721,715	9,510
Living common law - Widowed	87,165	935
Not married and not living common-law	13,353,180	159,110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,025,865	100,570
Not married and not living common law - Separated	741,135	9,350
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,921,880	29,405
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,664,295	19,785
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,262,925	115,355
2 persons	5,306,105	70,395
3 persons	2,147,825	21,755
4 persons	1,953,035	17,965
5 or more persons	855,960	5,245
Average size of census families	2.9	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,262,925	115,355
Total couple families	8,576,585	99,345
Married couples	6,627,310	77,340
With children⁶	3,481,775	33,980
Without children	3,145,535	43,360
Common-law couples	1,949,275	22,005
With children⁶	808,645	5,755
Without children	1,140,630	16,250
Total one-parent families	1,686,340	16,005
in which the parent is a woman+	1,302,670	12,200
in which the parent is a man+	383,670	3,810
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,328,475	406,075
Total - Persons in census families	29,478,475	305,575
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,153,165	198,700
Parents in one-parent families	1,686,340	16,005
Children⁶	10,638,965	90,870
In a two-parent family	8,024,590	68,235
In a one-parent family	2,614,375	22,630
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,850,005	100,500
Living alone	4,396,015	62,480
Living with other relatives⁷	927,345	8,825
Living with non-relatives only	1,526,645	29,200
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,978,945	185,205
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,932,695	99,425
Couple-family households	7,627,195	86,845
With children⁶	3,789,795	34,160
Without children	3,837,400	52,690
One-parent-family households	1,305,500	12,575
Multigenerational households⁸	441,745	3,825
Multiple-census-family households⁹	94,235	1,620
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450,415	6,860
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	663,835	10,995
One-person households	4,396,015	62,480
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,336,135	353,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,241,810	345,480
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,256,180	345,715
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,045,500	320,045
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,127,615	244,225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,401,740	284,225
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,185,840	24,745
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,373,550	83,335
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,335,920	353,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,242,935	345,525
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	57,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,257,325	345,725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	47,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,047,020	320,030
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,240	52,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,127,690	244,215
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	49,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,397,565	283,775
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	10,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,179,395	24,085
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,346,145	82,870
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,335,920	353,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,912,810	113,935
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	75,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,426,645	100,210
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	29,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	84.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	61.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,336,130	353,785
Without total income	1,094,320	8,300
With total income	29,241,815	345,480
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,434,730	25,590
$10,000 to $19,999	3,448,185	34,470
$20,000 to $29,999	4,635,650	49,265
$30,000 to $39,999	3,723,680	43,030
$40,000 to $49,999	3,290,715	39,565
$50,000 to $59,999	2,677,465	34,115
$60,000 to $69,999	2,073,335	27,720
$70,000 to $79,999	1,592,465	21,995
$80,000 to $89,999	1,239,395	17,095
$90,000 to $99,999	965,950	13,135
$100,000 and over	3,160,245	39,500
$100,000 to $149,999	2,102,630	26,390
$150,000 and over	1,057,615	13,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,336,130	353,785
Without after-tax income	1,079,955	8,070
With after-tax income	29,256,180	345,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,561,695	27,305
$10,000 to $19,999	3,608,250	36,060
$20,000 to $29,999	5,294,505	55,710
$30,000 to $39,999	4,442,970	50,630
$40,000 to $49,999	3,798,710	46,075
$50,000 to $59,999	2,833,120	37,055
$60,000 to $69,999	2,020,895	27,730
$70,000 to $79,999	1,428,520	20,490
$80,000 to $89,999	1,027,015	14,030
$90,000 to $99,999	643,700	8,905
$100,000 and over	1,596,790	21,730
$100,000 to $124,999	792,455	10,705
$125,000 and over	804,335	11,025
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,336,130	353,785
Without employment income	9,208,520	109,555
With employment income	21,127,615	244,225
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,951,135	33,335
$5,000 to $9,999	1,739,570	18,450
$10,000 to $19,999	2,498,120	27,375
$20,000 to $29,999	1,960,665	21,915
$30,000 to $39,999	1,903,100	21,015
$40,000 to $49,999	1,859,845	21,540
$50,000 to $59,999	1,640,805	21,030
$60,000 to $69,999	1,367,510	17,605
$70,000 to $79,999	1,099,625	14,505
$80,000 to $89,999	929,490	12,215
$90,000 to $99,999	760,035	9,605
$100,000 and over	2,417,710	25,635
$100,000 to $124,999	1,129,445	12,680
$125,000 and over	1,288,265	12,950
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,336,135	353,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,598,395	337,685
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,617,610	338,290
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,708,470	316,800
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,241,445	255,360
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,196,815	230,255
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,428,800	17,655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,335,920	353,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,599,665	338,050
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	54,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,618,280	338,640
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	45,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,709,140	316,915
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040	51,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,242,575	255,360
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,191,860	230,060
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	8,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,430,165	17,505
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	7,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,335,920	353,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,831,805	112,860
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200	70,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,934,985	95,620
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	34,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	89.2
Employment income (%)	71.8	65.8
Government transfers (%)	12.3	10.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,978,940	185,205
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	75,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,396,015	62,480
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,582,930	122,725
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,978,940	185,205
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,300	106,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,700	89,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,394,500	62,445
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,350	57,250
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,360	47,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,584,445	122,760
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	132,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,700	110,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,978,940	185,205
Under $5,000	165,175	2,100
$5,000 to $9,999	91,750	995
$10,000 to $14,999	178,475	1,560
$15,000 to $19,999	274,140	3,660
$20,000 to $24,999	637,695	7,080
$25,000 to $29,999	505,875	5,735
$30,000 to $34,999	488,735	5,890
$35,000 to $39,999	560,950	6,650
$40,000 to $44,999	572,650	6,930
$45,000 to $49,999	559,155	7,040
$50,000 to $59,999	1,093,185	13,730
$60,000 to $69,999	1,044,715	13,395
$70,000 to $79,999	986,460	12,690
$80,000 to $89,999	921,205	11,480
$90,000 to $99,999	844,835	10,565
$100,000 and over	6,053,945	75,720
$100,000 to $124,999	1,753,485	21,680
$125,000 to $149,999	1,283,445	16,020
$150,000 to $199,999	1,545,935	19,720
$200,000 and over	1,471,075	18,290
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,978,940	185,205
Under $5,000	186,735	2,445
$5,000 to $9,999	95,195	1,030
$10,000 to $14,999	183,430	1,625
$15,000 to $19,999	289,545	3,825
$20,000 to $24,999	681,900	7,470
$25,000 to $29,999	589,110	6,670
$30,000 to $34,999	582,275	7,020
$35,000 to $39,999	666,675	7,915
$40,000 to $44,999	676,995	8,215
$45,000 to $49,999	655,100	8,235
$50,000 to $59,999	1,285,425	16,155
$60,000 to $69,999	1,223,830	15,030
$70,000 to $79,999	1,137,840	14,020
$80,000 to $89,999	1,039,375	12,615
$90,000 to $99,999	911,515	11,155
$100,000 and over	4,773,995	61,780
$100,000 to $124,999	1,757,035	21,915
$125,000 to $149,999	1,152,855	14,925
$150,000 and over	1,864,100	24,945
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,117,305	114,220
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	97,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,929,500	55,395
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	100,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	88,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,311,315	39,980
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	146,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	125,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,547,920	15,065
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	67,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,922,660	91,685
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,113,100	114,115
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,600	132,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,600	110,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,926,040	55,395
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,500	120,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	100,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,318,755	40,065
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,600	166,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	136,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,539,580	14,935
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	83,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	73,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,916,895	91,640
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,440	51,250
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	43,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,328,475	406,075
0 to 17 years	7,196,545	63,555
0 to 5 years	2,225,085	19,215
18 to 64 years	22,545,065	249,100
65 years and over	6,586,865	93,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,016,065	36,965
0 to 17 years	854,565	6,005
0 to 5 years	282,315	1,830
18 to 64 years	2,175,755	21,125
65 years and over	985,745	9,835
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.7	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	8.5
65 years and over (%)	15.0	10.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	35,837,970	400,710
0 to 17 years	7,043,545	62,690
0 to 5 years	2,175,935	18,980
18 to 64 years	22,262,940	246,180
65 years and over	6,531,490	91,840
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,863,335	17,880
0 to 17 years	319,545	2,585
0 to 5 years	99,435	635
18 to 64 years	1,344,640	13,605
65 years and over	199,155	1,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.5
65 years and over (%)	3.1	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,328,475	406,075
In bottom half of the distribution	18,164,550	178,995
In bottom decile	3,632,735	38,600
In second decile	3,632,975	33,265
In third decile	3,632,895	33,635
In fourth decile	3,632,745	35,545
In fifth decile	3,633,205	37,945
In top half of the distribution	18,163,925	227,085
In sixth decile	3,632,910	40,300
In seventh decile	3,632,765	42,535
In eighth decile	3,632,555	45,610
In ninth decile	3,632,930	49,485
In top decile	3,632,765	49,150
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,328,475	406,075
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	0.332
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.462	0.423
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.302	0.293
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,620,955	409,930
English only	25,261,655	364,650
French only	4,087,895	155
English and French	6,581,680	41,705
Neither English nor French	689,725	3,425
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,620,955	409,930
English	27,643,140	399,115
French	7,828,545	6,435
English and French	476,175	1,115
Neither English nor French	673,100	3,265
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,620,955	409,930
Single responses	35,145,265	400,075
Official languages	27,296,445	344,705
English	20,107,200	338,195
French	7,189,245	6,515
Non-official languages	7,848,820	55,365
Indigenous languages³⁹	148,895	200
Algonquian languages	97,125	55
Blackfoot	2,520	0
Cree-Innu languages	67,665	25
Atikamekw	5,500	0
Cree languages	53,070	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	155	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	580	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,460	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	2,475	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5,025	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	2,850	5
Cree, n.o.s.	38,535	10
Innu (Montagnais)	8,465	0
Naskapi	625	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,155	5
Mi'kmaq	4,910	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	245	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	21,775	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	865	0
Oji-Cree	9,310	0
Ojibway languages	11,605	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	470	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	65	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	1,880	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	9,185	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Athabaskan languages	12,885	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	12,785	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	625	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	120	0
Dene, n.o.s.	8,060	5
Gwich'in	175	5
Slavey-Hare languages	1,505	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	400	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	270	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	840	0
Tahltan languages	150	0
Kaska (Nahani)	65	0
Tahltan	80	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,390	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	465	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	25	0
Tutchone languages	120	0
Northern Tutchone	70	0
Southern Tutchone	25	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	25	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	120	0
Tlingit	50	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Haida	45	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	33,790	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	560	0
Inuinnaqtun	335	0
Inuvialuktun	225	0
Inuktitut	33,200	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Iroquoian languages	355	0
Cayuga	35	0
Mohawk	275	0
Oneida	45	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	0
Michif	485	5
Salish languages	1,095	90
Halkomelem	185	20
Lillooet	100	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	180	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	265	5
Squamish	25	0
Straits	95	60
Syilx (Okanagan)	185	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Siouan languages	1,040	0
Assiniboine	70	0
Dakota	560	0
Stoney	365	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Tsimshian languages	1,035	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	590	0
Nisga'a	325	0
Tsimshian	120	5
Wakashan languages	770	15
Haisla	85	0
Heiltsuk	300	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	150	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	220	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	180	5
Non-Indigenous languages	7,699,925	55,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	698,355	2,275
Berber languages	27,490	20
Kabyle	24,760	5
Tamazight	2,340	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	395	0
Chadic languages	1,985	0
Hausa	1,315	0
Mina	675	0
Coptic	1,015	0
Cushitic languages	49,410	170
Bilen	2,020	0
Oromo	5,905	45
Somali	40,730	125
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	755	0
Semitic languages	618,450	2,080
Amharic	25,685	145
Arabic	508,410	1,640
Aramaic languages	27,690	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,220	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	8,860	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	1,600	0
Harari	1,220	0
Hebrew	19,495	125
Maltese	4,425	25
Tigrigna	31,075	140
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	192,985	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	19,525	120
Vietnamese	173,000	1,215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	460	5
Austronesian languages	565,375	5,170
Bikol	2,115	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	8,215	125
Cebuano	18,945	245
Fijian	605	5
Hiligaynon	9,690	110
Ilocano	33,520	255
Indonesian	11,910	105
Kankanaey	1,100	15
Kinaray-a	670	5
Malagasy languages	2,085	0
Merina	1,245	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	835	0
Malay	1,330	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,615	20
Pangasinan	2,050	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	461,150	4,145
Waray-Waray	1,625	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,740	70
Creole languages	78,235	70
Haitian Creole	52,435	10
Jamaican English Creole	600	0
Krio	795	0
Morisyen	6,125	20
Sango	580	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15,550	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,135	25
Dravidian languages	244,165	680
Kannada	6,240	30
Malayalam	54,050	290
Tamil	152,850	185
Telugu	30,045	160
Tulu	615	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	370	5
Georgian	2,180	5
Hmong-Mien languages	565	0
Indo-European languages	4,124,860	27,935
Albanian	29,265	150
Armenian	33,720	50
Balto-Slavic languages	648,810	4,710
Baltic languages	10,560	105
Latvian	4,430	60
Lithuanian	6,130	45
Slavic languages	638,250	4,605
Belarusian	720	0
Bulgarian	19,035	130
Czech	20,025	385
Macedonian	14,795	15
Polish	160,170	1,155
Russian	197,905	1,355
Rusyn	500	0
Serbo-Croatian	116,735	775
Bosnian	13,820	60
Croatian	43,500	450
Serbian	57,425	250
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	1,995	15
Slovak	15,255	165
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,965	55
Ukrainian	84,705	560
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	440	5
Celtic languages	2,150	45
Irish	665	10
Scottish Gaelic	425	10
Welsh	825	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	230	5
Germanic languages	463,400	7,070
Frisian	1,570	15
High German languages	301,570	4,200
German	272,865	4,035
Pennsylvania German	9,065	0
Swiss German	7,575	125
Yiddish	12,060	35
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	138,655	2,080
Afrikaans	12,270	280
Dutch	80,315	1,725
Low German, n.o.s.	8,670	0
Low Saxon	1,270	0
Plautdietsch	33,200	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,935	30
Scandinavian languages	20,275	770
Danish	9,945	355
Icelandic	905	25
Norwegian	3,535	195
Swedish	5,890	190
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,330	10
Greek	93,335	365
Indo-Iranian languages	1,659,505	8,300
Indo-Aryan languages	1,358,645	6,870
Assamese	545	5
Bengali	87,580	275
Gujarati	138,985	245
Hindi	152,825	1,105
Kacchi	6,930	25
Kashmiri	745	5
Konkani	3,425	25
Marathi	14,145	90
Nepali	23,425	155
Oriya languages	1,775	10
Odia	1,125	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	645	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	666,585	4,350
Rohingya	545	0
Sindhi	3,985	35
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,000	95
Urdu	235,290	435
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	3,865	20
Iranian languages	300,555	1,425
Baluchi	555	0
Kurdish	16,485	65
Parsi	555	5
Pashto	19,520	50
Persian languages	262,625	1,295
Dari	57,220	95
Iranian Persian	179,425	1,105
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25,975	95
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	815	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	305	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,194,290	7,240
Catalan	905	10
Italian	319,505	1,095
Portuguese	240,680	1,770
Romanian	93,160	345
Spanish	538,870	4,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,165	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	385	5
Japanese	43,850	1,635
Korean	170,400	1,925
Mongolian	1,850	10
Niger-Congo languages	108,295	385
Akan (Twi)	13,120	30
Bamanankan	1,855	5
Edo	1,685	0
Éwé	1,955	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,520	10
Ga	815	5
Ganda	1,890	15
Gikuyu	760	5
Igbo	5,175	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,380	40
Lingala	4,260	15
Luba-Kasai	520	0
Mòoré	515	0
Mwani	695	0
Ndebele	920	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,660	10
Shona	3,605	30
Soninke	505	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	520	5
Swahili	16,000	80
Wojenaka	1,030	0
Wolof	4,890	5
Yoruba	15,015	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	13,000	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	6,920	20
Dinka	1,865	0
Nuer	1,090	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,395	10
African, n.o.s.	575	0
Sign languages	6,955	85
American Sign Language	4,965	80
Quebec Sign Language	990	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,005	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,309,825	12,015
Chinese languages	1,292,640	11,915
Hakka	9,765	35
Mandarin	679,255	6,540
Min Dong	1,310	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	27,805	245
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,880	90
Yue (Cantonese)	553,380	4,820
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,610	170
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	630	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	16,600	95
Burmese	3,305	35
Kuki-Chin languages	870	0
Karenic languages	4,520	5
S'gaw Karen	3,900	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	615	0
Tibetan	7,025	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	890	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	585	0
Tai-Kadai languages	22,350	360
Lao	11,485	20
Thai	10,455	330
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	410	5
Turkic languages	53,520	345
Azerbaijani	4,490	20
Kazakh	540	5
Turkish	44,190	305
Uyghur	1,355	5
Uzbek	1,805	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,150	5
Uralic languages	68,180	920
Estonian	4,485	55
Finnish	12,200	270
Hungarian	51,500	595
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,060	5
Multiple responses	1,475,690	9,855
English and French	291,325	2,065
English and non-official language(s)	921,480	6,700
French and non-official language(s)	117,910	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	52,880	225
Multiple non-official languages	92,095	705
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,620,955	409,930
English	20,920,835	350,525
French	6,456,960	1,255
Non-official language	2,402,180	12,165
Indigenous³⁹	50,460	35
Non-Indigenous	2,351,720	12,130
English and French	953,760	5,250
English and non-official language(s)	4,835,815	37,995
French and non-official language(s)	395,320	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	455,760	1,670
Multiple non-official languages	200,320	1,000
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,620,955	409,930
Single responses	35,057,615	401,650
Official languages	30,421,050	376,725
English	23,376,200	374,750
French	7,044,855	1,980
Non-official languages	4,636,560	24,920
Indigenous languages³⁹	85,835	50
Algonquian languages	50,135	5
Blackfoot	980	0
Cree-Innu languages	38,255	5
Atikamekw	4,345	0
Cree languages	26,700	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	50	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	560	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,545	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	665	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,455	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	830	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20,585	5
Innu (Montagnais)	6,710	0
Naskapi	505	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,650	0
Mi'kmaq	2,595	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	55	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	8,250	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	230	0
Oji-Cree	4,540	0
Ojibway languages	3,480	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	145	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	25	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	390	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,925	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,260	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,230	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	220	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	30	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5,255	0
Gwich'in	35	0
Slavey-Hare languages	705	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	200	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	115	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	395	0
Tahltan languages	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0
Tahltan	5	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	755	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	40	0
Tlingit	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Haida	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	27,295	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	145	0
Inuinnaqtun	95	0
Inuvialuktun	50	0
Inuktitut	27,140	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Iroquoian languages	100	0
Cayuga	15	0
Mohawk	65	0
Oneida	15	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	0
Michif	150	0
Salish languages	260	35
Halkomelem	50	0
Lillooet	35	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	35	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	85	0
Squamish	5	0
Straits	30	30
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Siouan languages	240	0
Assiniboine	10	0
Dakota	120	0
Stoney	90	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Tsimshian languages	220	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	120	5
Nisga'a	85	0
Tsimshian	10	0
Wakashan languages	70	5
Haisla	10	0
Heiltsuk	5	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	25	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	85	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,550,725	24,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	395,840	1,270
Berber languages	11,295	5
Kabyle	10,180	5
Tamazight	840	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	280	0
Chadic languages	835	0
Hausa	635	0
Mina	200	0
Coptic	545	0
Cushitic languages	30,375	80
Bilen	1,645	0
Oromo	3,890	25
Somali	24,410	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	425	0
Semitic languages	352,790	1,180
Amharic	14,030	85
Arabic	285,915	975
Aramaic languages	20,740	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	12,935	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,585	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	1,220	0
Harari	680	0
Hebrew	8,515	40
Maltese	795	0
Tigrigna	21,860	75
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	250	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	127,730	750
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,650	65
Vietnamese	116,785	680
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	300	0
Austronesian languages	326,245	2,650
Bikol	760	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	4,125	45
Cebuano	10,195	110
Fijian	200	0
Hiligaynon	5,015	50
Ilocano	18,350	150
Indonesian	4,150	15
Kankanaey	585	0
Kinaray-a	320	0
Malagasy languages	725	0
Merina	330	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	390	0
Malay	280	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	3,030	5
Pangasinan	680	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275,045	2,245
Waray-Waray	680	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	2,100	15
Creole languages	35,195	10
Haitian Creole	22,610	0
Jamaican English Creole	300	0
Krio	360	5
Morisyen	3,640	10
Sango	295	0
Creole, n.o.s.	7,120	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	870	0
Dravidian languages	169,705	335
Kannada	3,060	15
Malayalam	35,390	150
Tamil	112,335	85
Telugu	18,470	75
Tulu	240	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	205	10
Georgian	1,335	0
Hmong-Mien languages	215	0
Indo-European languages	2,264,155	9,800
Albanian	14,110	80
Armenian	21,970	15
Balto-Slavic languages	303,480	1,450
Baltic languages	2,495	5
Latvian	880	0
Lithuanian	1,615	5
Slavic languages	300,985	1,450
Belarusian	215	0
Bulgarian	10,315	60
Czech	5,680	80
Macedonian	6,105	5
Polish	65,140	265
Russian	125,780	670
Rusyn	290	0
Serbo-Croatian	53,150	200
Bosnian	6,480	15
Croatian	14,925	100
Serbian	31,110	85
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	640	0
Slovak	5,015	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	0
Ukrainian	27,825	125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	95	0
Celtic languages	555	5
Irish	310	0
Scottish Gaelic	105	0
Welsh	100	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	5
Germanic languages	140,450	810
Frisian	270	0
High German languages	103,780	470
German	86,820	455
Pennsylvania German	7,270	0
Swiss German	1,750	10
Yiddish	7,950	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	33,710	275
Afrikaans	6,095	100
Dutch	8,100	175
Low German, n.o.s.	4,965	0
Low Saxon	490	0
Plautdietsch	13,845	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	220	0
Scandinavian languages	1,940	60
Danish	615	15
Icelandic	175	10
Norwegian	260	15
Swedish	890	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	740	0
Greek	38,300	110
Indo-Iranian languages	1,167,370	4,570
Indo-Aryan languages	962,820	3,770
Assamese	215	0
Bengali	56,750	130
Gujarati	92,005	75
Hindi	91,930	545
Kacchi	3,055	0
Kashmiri	270	0
Konkani	880	0
Marathi	7,460	35
Nepali	16,835	65
Oriya languages	795	0
Odia	525	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	270	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	520,390	2,545
Rohingya	410	0
Sindhi	2,110	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	9,665	40
Urdu	158,040	285
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	2,015	20
Iranian languages	204,420	800
Baluchi	330	0
Kurdish	10,380	25
Parsi	280	5
Pashto	13,215	35
Persian languages	179,745	730
Dari	36,190	40
Iranian Persian	125,840	635
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	17,715	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	475	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	125	0
Italic (Romance) languages	577,735	2,750
Catalan	370	5
Italian	92,755	200
Portuguese	118,730	690
Romanian	48,090	100
Spanish	317,365	1,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	425	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	190	0
Japanese	20,055	585
Korean	125,525	1,295
Mongolian	1,050	0
Niger-Congo languages	38,600	80
Akan (Twi)	6,000	10
Bamanankan	560	0
Edo	365	0
Éwé	470	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,315	5
Ga	260	0
Ganda	555	0
Gikuyu	105	0
Igbo	1,530	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,720	15
Lingala	1,520	0
Luba-Kasai	90	0
Mòoré	70	0
Mwani	160	0
Ndebele	295	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,780	0
Shona	1,035	5
Soninke	235	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	130	0
Swahili	7,055	15
Wojenaka	290	0
Wolof	1,945	0
Yoruba	5,395	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,720	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,155	5
Dinka	900	0
Nuer	645	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,465	5
African, n.o.s.	140	0
Sign languages	12,160	155
American Sign Language	8,175	130
Quebec Sign Language	1,475	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,520	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	967,965	7,515
Chinese languages	955,685	7,460
Hakka	3,625	0
Mandarin	530,945	4,590
Min Dong	775	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,945	95
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,750	40
Yue (Cantonese)	393,430	2,655
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,985	70
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	225	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,990	60
Burmese	2,075	25
Kuki-Chin languages	660	0
Karenic languages	3,400	0
S'gaw Karen	2,960	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	440	0
Tibetan	5,395	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	465	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	290	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10,120	110
Lao	5,955	5
Thai	3,955	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	210	0
Turkic languages	32,490	165
Azerbaijani	2,200	10
Kazakh	105	0
Turkish	27,970	150
Uyghur	850	5
Uzbek	950	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	410	0
Uralic languages	18,790	145
Estonian	615	0
Finnish	1,880	45
Hungarian	16,295	95
Other languages, n.i.e.	390	0
Multiple responses	1,563,345	8,280
English and French	230,955	785
English and non-official language(s)	1,123,355	7,155
French and non-official language(s)	125,525	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	56,805	115
Multiple non-official languages	26,705	180
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,620,955	409,930
None	31,053,450	370,720
English	1,956,965	10,900
French	571,040	4,105
Non-official language	2,248,130	19,460
Indigenous³⁹	63,565	245
Non-Indigenous	2,184,565	19,220
English and French	86,185	155
English and non-official language(s)	323,845	1,550
French and non-official language(s)	134,565	1,045
English, French and non-official language(s)	11,870	25
Multiple non-official languages	234,905	1,975
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,328,480	406,075
Official languages	35,644,660	402,690
English	31,628,570	402,570
French	10,563,235	41,570
Non-official languages	10,724,700	82,285
Indigenous languages³⁹	243,155	810
Algonquian languages	163,815	255
Blackfoot	6,680	0
Cree-Innu languages	105,850	105
Atikamekw	6,815	0
Cree languages	87,875	105
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	420	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	895	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	4,880	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	4,675	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	12,005	70
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5,110	0
Cree, n.o.s.	61,000	35
Innu (Montagnais)	10,745	0
Naskapi	1,035	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10,035	0
Mi'kmaq	9,245	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	820	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	42,865	145
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,950	0
Oji-Cree	15,305	0
Ojibway languages	26,160	130
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	2,035	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	215	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	3,625	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20,720	115
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	165	0
Athabaskan languages	20,390	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	20,135	35
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,550	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	270	0
Dene, n.o.s.	11,560	15
Gwich'in	295	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,330	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	775	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	415	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	1,210	0
Tahltan languages	480	0
Kaska (Nahani)	245	0
Tahltan	235	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,140	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	870	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	175	0
Tutchone languages	320	0
Northern Tutchone	135	0
Southern Tutchone	140	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	50	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	290	0
Tlingit	150	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	110	0
Haida	245	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	42,795	40
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,140	0
Inuinnaqtun	795	0
Inuvialuktun	350	0
Inuktitut	41,680	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	70	0
Iroquoian languages	2,055	15
Cayuga	230	0
Mohawk	1,605	0
Oneida	210	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	65	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	215	0
Michif	1,905	60
Salish languages	5,305	255
Halkomelem	1,415	60
Lillooet	600	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	510	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,090	0
Squamish	350	0
Straits	325	190
Syilx (Okanagan)	705	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	360	10
Siouan languages	2,965	10
Assiniboine	370	0
Dakota	1,530	0
Stoney	925	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	325	0
Tsimshian languages	2,665	35
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,135	20
Nisga'a	1,110	0
Tsimshian	465	15
Wakashan languages	2,205	80
Haisla	295	0
Heiltsuk	335	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	820	40
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	700	35
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	645	25
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	855	15
Non-Indigenous languages	10,485,595	81,565
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100,035	3,820
Berber languages	42,835	60
Kabyle	37,415	20
Tamazight	4,735	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,330	0
Chadic languages	7,090	20
Hausa	5,080	20
Mina	2,010	0
Coptic	3,690	0
Cushitic languages	71,930	240
Bilen	2,745	0
Oromo	9,635	125
Somali	59,005	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	1,400	0
Semitic languages	1,015,485	3,635
Amharic	48,305	345
Arabic	838,045	2,580
Aramaic languages	39,655	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	23,865	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	13,285	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	3,195	0
Harari	2,000	0
Hebrew	83,205	580
Maltese	6,535	25
Tigrigna	45,970	235
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,760	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260,030	1,970
Khmer (Cambodian)	28,390	185
Vietnamese	232,800	1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	910	0
Austronesian languages	793,275	7,235
Bikol	4,260	30
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10,990	165
Cebuano	33,045	365
Fijian	1,765	15
Hiligaynon	16,385	145
Ilocano	61,680	430
Indonesian	19,815	280
Kankanaey	1,950	20
Kinaray-a	860	10
Malagasy languages	3,885	0
Merina	2,355	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	1,565	0
Malay	10,770	185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10,555	20
Pangasinan	4,455	45
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	737,565	6,505
Waray-Waray	4,520	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20,140	275
Creole languages	184,840	205
Haitian Creole	134,895	25
Jamaican English Creole	4,875	0
Krio	1,955	10
Morisyen	15,345	55
Sango	1,535	0
Creole, n.o.s.	31,220	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,585	55
Dravidian languages	359,485	1,245
Kannada	18,420	95
Malayalam	77,910	470
Tamil	237,890	480
Telugu	54,685	410
Tulu	1,765	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	970	10
Georgian	3,015	15
Hmong-Mien languages	720	0
Indo-European languages	5,849,775	46,395
Albanian	38,345	220
Armenian	44,500	55
Balto-Slavic languages	820,305	6,080
Baltic languages	13,890	145
Latvian	6,020	100
Lithuanian	7,895	45
Slavic languages	809,985	5,965
Belarusian	2,825	0
Bulgarian	24,210	200
Czech	28,625	440
Macedonian	23,015	10
Polish	204,460	1,450
Russian	309,235	2,260
Rusyn	680	0
Serbo-Croatian	155,775	1,080
Bosnian	25,380	90
Croatian	73,845	635
Serbian	83,735	430
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	3,085	30
Slovak	20,905	240
Slovene (Slovenian)	10,650	75
Ukrainian	131,655	830
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	770	0
Celtic languages	10,485	175
Irish	5,360	80
Scottish Gaelic	2,170	35
Welsh	2,170	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	910	15
Germanic languages	658,705	12,075
Frisian	2,835	40
High German languages	453,995	8,040
German	419,195	7,875
Pennsylvania German	10,565	0
Swiss German	10,465	225
Yiddish	20,155	65
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	191,840	3,120
Afrikaans	29,670	880
Dutch	107,985	2,210
Low German, n.o.s.	10,555	15
Low Saxon	1,310	0
Plautdietsch	41,165	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,985	35
Scandinavian languages	37,500	1,415
Danish	14,700	565
Icelandic	1,475	40
Norwegian	8,860	420
Swedish	14,620	525
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,275	25
Greek	145,060	620
Indo-Iranian languages	2,263,825	10,970
Indo-Aryan languages	1,918,570	9,580
Assamese	1,155	0
Bengali	120,605	415
Gujarati	209,415	425
Hindi	761,425	4,145
Kacchi	15,085	30
Kashmiri	1,830	20
Konkani	8,950	75
Marathi	35,230	275
Nepali	30,660	245
Oriya languages	3,235	20
Odia	1,710	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	1,550	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	942,170	5,990
Rohingya	765	0
Sindhi	8,385	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	33,050	100
Urdu	414,870	900
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	11,320	65
Iranian languages	370,520	1,460
Baluchi	985	0
Kurdish	24,035	55
Parsi	1,000	20
Pashto	31,695	90
Persian languages	326,285	1,340
Dari	78,220	65
Iranian Persian	222,160	1,210
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30,345	70
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,830	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,135	25
Italic (Romance) languages	2,054,885	18,340
Catalan	2,855	55
Italian	547,655	2,700
Portuguese	336,865	2,630
Romanian	116,520	420
Spanish	1,171,450	13,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	4,890	115
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	1,965	15
Japanese	98,070	3,625
Korean	203,885	2,220
Mongolian	2,545	15
Niger-Congo languages	267,520	985
Akan (Twi)	26,240	110
Bamanankan	4,950	10
Edo	4,945	0
Éwé	4,645	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	7,840	0
Ga	3,255	0
Ganda	4,650	45
Gikuyu	1,850	15
Igbo	18,365	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	13,515	90
Lingala	25,720	50
Luba-Kasai	2,695	0
Mòoré	2,085	0
Mwani	1,080	0
Ndebele	2,425	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	14,825	0
Shona	7,280	60
Soninke	1,010	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	1,305	20
Swahili	57,295	335
Wojenaka	2,820	0
Wolof	12,940	25
Yoruba	50,935	155
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	43,625	170
Nilo-Saharan languages	11,090	45
Dinka	2,815	0
Nuer	1,490	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	6,815	45
African, n.o.s.	2,760	20
Sign languages	49,535	900
American Sign Language	37,620	795
Quebec Sign Language	6,195	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	7,450	120
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,550,930	14,250
Chinese languages	1,528,860	13,995
Hakka	14,830	85
Mandarin	987,300	9,375
Min Dong	1,825	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	51,755	535
Wu (Shanghainese)	13,660	130
Yue (Cantonese)	724,925	6,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,720	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	1,185	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	22,300	265
Burmese	5,935	85
Kuki-Chin languages	1,140	0
Karenic languages	5,705	0
S'gaw Karen	5,030	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	845	0
Tibetan	9,160	140
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,940	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	1,220	0
Tai-Kadai languages	33,705	545
Lao	17,630	30
Thai	18,575	530
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	800	0
Turkic languages	91,375	715
Azerbaijani	9,875	60
Kazakh	1,415	15
Turkish	78,500	645
Uyghur	1,660	0
Uzbek	3,290	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	2,150	15
Uralic languages	85,055	1,175
Estonian	5,315	95
Finnish	15,325	355
Hungarian	64,625	725
Other languages, n.i.e.	5,545	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,328,480	406,080
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,807,250	20,195
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,743,165	19,315
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,048,405	11,260
Métis	624,220	7,920
Inuk (Inuit)	70,540	145
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	28,855	455
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35,225	420
Non-Indigenous identity	34,521,230	385,885
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,328,480	406,080
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	831,720	7,870
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,496,755	398,205
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,978,940	185,205
Owner	9,955,975	116,530
Renter	4,953,840	68,425
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	69,130	255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,978,940	185,205
Condominium	2,248,280	36,055
Not condominium	12,730,660	149,150
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,978,940	185,205
No bedrooms	132,060	3,375
1 bedroom	2,124,485	37,730
2 bedrooms	3,829,965	54,565
3 bedrooms	4,982,900	48,855
4 or more bedrooms	3,909,525	40,685
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,978,940	185,205
1 to 4 rooms	4,662,125	71,110
5 rooms	2,323,910	27,390
6 rooms	2,037,185	22,575
7 rooms	1,796,855	19,040
8 or more rooms	4,158,855	45,100
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	5.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,978,940	185,205
One person or fewer per room	14,625,230	182,595
More than one person per room	353,715	2,610
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,978,940	185,205
Suitable	14,173,290	177,475
Not suitable	805,650	7,730
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,978,940	185,205
1960 or before	3,027,045	39,165
1961 to 1980	4,171,840	55,785
1981 to 1990	1,982,515	25,135
1991 to 2000	1,805,985	21,045
2001 to 2005	959,860	8,465
2006 to 2010	1,034,925	11,215
2011 to 2015	967,540	8,845
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,029,220	15,555
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,978,940	185,205
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,059,395	175,285
Major repairs needed	919,545	9,925
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,978,940	185,205
One-maintainer household	7,659,700	91,800
Two-maintainer household	6,631,755	83,055
Three-or-more-maintainer household	687,485	10,350
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,978,940	185,205
15 to 24 years	424,695	6,545
25 to 34 years	2,077,895	24,950
35 to 44 years	2,600,000	29,165
45 to 54 years	2,646,945	29,015
55 to 64 years	3,046,560	34,910
65 to 74 years	2,432,140	34,945
75 to 84 years	1,292,805	18,565
85 years and over	457,900	7,115
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,687,350	181,670
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,612,640	134,750
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,074,715	46,925
30% to less than 100%	2,742,920	41,830
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,978,940	185,210
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,379,420	59,450
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,728,995	42,365
Not suitable only	595,110	5,510
Major repairs needed only	645,465	6,575
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135,770	1,650
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	199,355	2,780
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	64,095	445
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10,630	125
Acceptable housing	10,599,520	125,760
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,355,555	176,580
In core need	1,451,025	22,330
Not in core need	12,904,530	154,245
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,807,720	114,220
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	55.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	17.4
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	6.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	1,340
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,498	1,640
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	850,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	618,500	939,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,936,850	67,965
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	10.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	40.0
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	24.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	1,350
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	1,444
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,130	255
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.9	14.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	284	548
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	327	512
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,328,475	406,075
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	985,200	6,555
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	963,705	6,440
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	763,230	5,340
Métis single ancestry	146,010	1,060
Inuit single ancestry	54,475	40
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	21,490	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	17,665	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	2,430	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	1,070	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	320	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,219,285	17,035
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,183,350	16,385
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	801,630	11,060
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	362,130	5,160
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,595	160
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35,930	650
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	31,815	610
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,785	20
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,005	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	34,124,000	382,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,328,475	406,075
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	33,143,225	377,360
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,784,875	60,445
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	26,358,355	316,915
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,185,250	28,715
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,328,475	406,075
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,042,120	320,165
Immigrants⁸¹	8,361,505	77,095
Before 1980	1,540,610	26,995
1980 to 1990	924,320	8,815
1991 to 2000	1,511,475	9,990
2001 to 2010	1,930,525	13,130
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,454,570	18,165
2011 to 2015	1,126,330	7,860
2016 to 2021	1,328,240	10,305
Non-permanent residents⁸³	924,850	8,815
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,361,505	77,095
Under 5 years	748,265	8,090
5 to 14 years	1,438,440	13,340
15 to 24 years	1,594,290	14,795
25 to 44 years	3,783,335	33,485
45 years and over	797,180	7,385
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,361,505	77,095
Americas	1,203,180	12,005
Brazil	48,450	440
Colombia	80,570	545
El Salvador	49,450	235
Guyana	85,530	150
Haiti	99,945	75
Jamaica	145,360	360
Mexico	90,585	905
Peru	31,420	155
Trinidad and Tobago	65,035	250
United States of America	256,090	7,405
Other places of birth in Americas	250,760	1,490
Europe	1,967,620	30,885
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35,925	135
Croatia	36,675	330
France	121,525	635
Germany	126,470	2,840
Greece	54,715	275
Hungary	31,050	435
Italy	204,065	655
Netherlands	75,830	1,585
Poland	135,030	985
Portugal	128,795	880
Romania	86,770	460
Russian Federation	81,840	750
Serbia⁸⁶	31,925	220
Ukraine	81,135	540
United Kingdom⁸⁷	464,135	16,455
Other places of birth in Europe	271,725	3,705
Africa	821,735	3,995
Algeria	79,660	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	33,110	55
Egypt	73,710	195
Eritrea	31,385	155
Ethiopia	41,715	310
Morocco	81,775	155
Nigeria	81,290	295
Somalia	32,500	75
South Africa, Republic of	51,590	1,380
Other places of birth in Africa	314,995	1,350
Asia	4,307,000	28,720
Afghanistan	62,450	55
Iran⁸⁸	182,940	900
Iraq	84,130	125
Lebanon	95,725	180
Syria⁸⁹	97,590	545
Turkey	35,270	295
China⁹⁰	715,835	6,505
Hong Kong⁹¹	213,855	1,220
Korea, South⁹²	138,355	1,385
Taiwan	65,365	670
Philippines	719,580	6,200
Viet Nam	182,095	1,150
Bangladesh	70,090	165
India	898,050	4,905
Pakistan	234,105	480
Sri Lanka	136,240	155
Other places of birth in Asia	375,340	3,775
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	61,965	1,490
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,328,240	10,310
Americas	154,490	1,540
Brazil	19,895	130
Colombia	11,455	120
Haiti	10,550	0
Jamaica	15,155	30
Mexico	17,150	135
United States of America	39,875	925
Venezuela⁹⁵	7,060	25
Other places of birth in Americas	33,350	175
Europe	134,425	1,415
France	27,175	85
Germany	5,365	140
Ireland⁹⁶	6,355	80
Italy	4,240	50
Russian Federation	10,905	60
Ukraine	14,515	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	22,755	585
Other places of birth in Europe	43,120	355
Africa	206,965	835
Algeria	15,745	0
Burundi	4,935	0
Cameroon	11,795	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	8,915	15
Côte d'Ivoire	7,915	0
Egypt	12,120	25
Eritrea	16,330	50
Ethiopia	9,385	80
Morocco	12,835	30
Nigeria	40,360	185
Somalia	6,315	15
South Africa, Republic of	8,510	85
Sudan⁹⁷	4,690	80
Tunisia	8,155	10
Other places of birth in Africa	38,960	240
Asia	823,205	6,320
Afghanistan	12,730	30
Bangladesh	13,185	50
China⁹⁰	118,035	1,195
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,495	25
India	246,995	1,210
Iran⁸⁸	25,650	85
Iraq	17,715	65
Israel	4,850	25
Japan	4,445	215
Jordan	4,635	15
Korea, South⁹²	20,985	280
Lebanon	9,980	55
Nepal	4,890	75
Pakistan	36,255	105
Philippines	151,490	1,750
Saudi Arabia	9,560	40
Sri Lanka	8,480	20
Syria⁸⁹	63,130	475
Turkey	10,150	140
United Arab Emirates	8,405	30
Viet Nam	14,725	165
Other places of birth in Asia	30,410	270
Oceania and other⁹³	9,160	195
Australia	6,535	135
Other places of birth⁹⁸	2,625	55
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,328,480	406,075
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,606,595	93,085
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,393,310	87,265
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,328,565	225,720
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,820,895	50,100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,673,705	27,325
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,556,675	12,600
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,117,030	14,730
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,016,010	18,280
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,039,275	4,050
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	91,900	450
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,820,895	50,100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	416,105	985
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	705,405	8,990
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	183,250	2,315
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	377,130	3,980
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	39,540	350
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,099,470	33,470
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,328,480	406,080
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,639,205	65,680
South Asian	2,571,400	13,825
Chinese	1,715,770	17,530
Black	1,547,870	5,175
Filipino	957,355	8,630
Arab	694,015	2,000
Latin American	580,235	4,015
Southeast Asian	390,340	3,860
West Asian	360,495	1,535
Korean	218,140	2,390
Japanese	98,890	3,495
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	172,885	825
Multiple visible minorities	331,805	2,400
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,689,275	340,400
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,328,475	406,075
Canadian	5,677,205	44,400
English	5,322,830	128,525
Irish	4,413,120	75,265
Scottish	4,392,200	96,475
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,985,945	32,905
German	2,955,695	50,700
Chinese	1,713,870	18,305
Italian	1,546,390	13,325
Indian (India)	1,347,715	9,280
Ukrainian	1,258,635	19,630
Dutch	988,585	18,015
Polish	982,820	13,375
Québécois	981,635	955
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	938,950	26,585
Filipino	925,490	8,645
French Canadian	906,315	4,700
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	691,260	8,515
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	632,340	7,940
Métis	560,335	6,970
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	551,910	11,340
Russian	548,140	8,795
Norwegian	466,500	13,665
Welsh	455,720	14,235
Portuguese	448,305	4,015
American	353,495	8,265
Spanish	342,040	4,370
Swedish	334,505	10,290
Hungarian	320,150	4,960
Acadian	305,170	1,085
Pakistani	303,260	695
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	301,955	1,475
Jewish	282,015	3,895
Punjabi	279,950	1,490
Vietnamese	275,530	2,300
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	263,710	970
Greek	262,140	2,290
Jamaican	249,070	905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	226,220	1,720
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	219,855	2,145
Korean	217,650	2,435
Romanian	215,885	2,525
Lebanese	210,605	880
Iranian	200,465	1,290
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200,340	800
Danish	196,945	6,760
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	194,840	1,580
Sikh	194,640	1,335
Austrian	189,535	4,645
Belgian	182,175	2,365
Haitian	178,990	85
Hindu	166,160	765
Mexican	155,495	2,090
Mennonite	155,095	1,315
Swiss	145,570	2,905
Finnish	144,055	3,485
Sri Lankan	132,410	275
Croatian	130,820	1,930
Japanese	129,425	4,005
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120,125	555
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	111,605	590
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110,735	3,640
Muslim	105,620	340
Egyptian	105,245	390
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	104,765	710
Tamil	102,170	145
Icelandic	101,990	2,875
Colombian	100,555	720
Moroccan	99,980	250
Czech	98,925	1,960
Syrian	98,250	545
Guyanese	97,210	220
Afghan	96,810	115
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	94,585	390
Serbian	93,360	740
Ojibway	92,220	610
Newfoundlander	91,670	555
Hong Konger	81,680	420
Ontarian	80,555	485
Persian	80,340	575
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	77,405	420
Turkish	76,745	735
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	76,675	215
Bangladeshi	75,425	185
Algerian	73,770	80
Brazilian	71,755	790
Nigerian	69,540	365
Armenian	68,850	285
Slovak	68,210	920
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	66,780	1,250
Somali	65,555	160
Taiwanese	64,020	710
Iraqi	59,300	180
Salvadorean	59,280	265
African Caribbean	59,050	170
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	58,870	510
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	58,840	245
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	57,195	240
Algonquin	56,070	300
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	52,085	170
Lithuanian	52,040	1,120
South African	49,840	1,410
Australian	46,765	1,700
Palestinian	45,905	195
Chilean	45,685	480
Congolese	45,260	115
Nova Scotian	44,720	300
Ethiopian	42,545	305
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	42,405	350
Peruvian	42,295	340
Yoruba	42,075	140
Cambodian (Khmer)	41,950	295
Berber	41,700	75
Albanian	41,620	265
Maltese	40,670	340
Macedonian	39,440	105
Slovenian	38,595	445
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	38,520	1,265
New Brunswicker	37,670	135
Gujarati	36,970	170
Eritrean	36,290	210
African Canadian	35,395	180
Israeli	35,345	340
Mohawk	33,330	250
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	33,135	505
Bulgarian	33,085	345
Albertan	32,575	405
Ghanaian	31,720	155
Barbadian	31,440	150
African American	31,430	335
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30,565	475
Tunisian	30,465	95
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30,220	440
Cuban	30,065	205
Bosnian	28,490	195
Venezuelan	28,395	150
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	28,225	20
Latvian	28,140	625
Bengali	26,675	100
Cameroonian	26,535	50
Guatemalan	26,460	150
Indonesian	26,330	505
Laotian	25,875	50
Ilocano	25,575	225
Northern Irish	25,200	615
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	24,420	870
British Columbian	24,325	2,120
Ecuadorian	24,255	150
Franco Ontarian	24,110	70
Argentinian	23,500	270
Estonian	23,455	560
Kurdish	23,130	60
Fijian	23,020	190
Jatt	22,785	85
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	22,785	370
Coptic	22,570	25
Thai	22,275	580
Dominican	22,125	145
Nepali	21,975	220
Kabyle	20,565	0
Assyrian	19,685	40
Igbo	19,305	80
Byelorussian	18,850	220
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	18,745	45
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	18,545	150
Abenaki	18,420	25
Moldovan	18,190	50
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	17,955	125
New Zealander	17,755	975
Sudanese	17,485	105
Breton	17,465	70
Pennsylvania Dutch	17,315	200
Malaysian	17,050	285
Plains Cree	16,570	60
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	16,315	45
Huron (Wendat)	15,910	50
Saskatchewanian	15,780	305
Buddhist	15,660	35
Gaspesian	15,650	25
Norman	15,340	120
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15,055	110
Ivorian	15,010	0
Saulteaux	14,265	75
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	14,260	135
Burundian	14,110	0
Tigrinya	13,910	85
Nicaraguan	13,840	85
Mauritian	13,755	45
Kenyan	13,565	145
Oji-Cree	13,525	60
Vincentian	13,245	20
Jordanian	13,225	90
Manitoban	13,095	155
Cape Bretoner	13,065	95
Rwandan	12,890	80
Grenadian	12,890	65
Malayali	12,490	65
Chaldean	12,115	20
Sinhalese	12,080	50
Mayan	11,710	100
Honduran	10,920	55
Cherokee	10,825	300
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10,750	0
Indo-Caribbean	10,490	35
Flemish	10,275	195
United Empire Loyalist	10,015	140
Senegalese	9,955	15
Azerbaijani	9,915	105
Sicilian	9,835	115
Pashtun	9,825	40
Malay	9,795	145
Goan	9,700	70
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	9,455	35
Tibetan	9,350	145
Zimbabwean	9,165	125
Burmese	9,150	120
Mongolian	9,090	75
Azorean	8,970	55
Atikamekw	8,400	0
Bamileke	8,315	0
Indo-Guyanese	8,310	0
Ugandan	8,285	35
Oromo	8,255	155
Tanzanian	8,140	35
Yemeni	8,115	30
Central African	8,080	0
Libyan	7,945	100
Basque	7,745	125
Uruguayan	7,660	55
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	7,640	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	7,635	70
Igorot	7,535	70
Fulani	7,480	20
Woodland Cree	7,415	20
Guinean	7,390	0
St. Lucian	7,285	0
Prince Edward Islander	7,225	45
Maliseet	7,220	15
Beninese	6,810	0
Telugu	6,670	25
Roma	6,545	215
Costa Rican	6,500	100
African Nova Scotian	6,480	10
Malagasy	6,255	0
Kashmiri	6,165	0
Singaporean	6,060	100
Karen	6,050	0
Edo	5,985	0
Tajik	5,980	0
Amhara	5,945	10
Paraguayan	5,925	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	36,328,480	406,080
Buddhist	356,975	4,395
Christian	19,373,325	131,645
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,760,760	25,790
Anabaptist	144,145	430
Anglican	1,134,315	21,030
Baptist	436,940	4,730
Catholic	10,880,360	41,415
Christian Orthodox	623,010	2,310
Jehovah's Witness	137,255	1,595
Latter Day Saints	87,725	1,335
Lutheran	328,045	3,610
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100,655	810
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	399,025	2,935
Presbyterian	301,400	3,080
Reformed	79,870	520
United Church	1,214,185	14,120
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	745,650	7,940
Hindu	828,195	3,120
Jewish	335,295	2,920
Muslim	1,775,715	4,985
Sikh	771,790	5,165
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80,685	780
Other religions and spiritual traditions	229,015	6,380
No religion and secular perspectives	12,577,475	246,680
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,986,480	403,310
Non-movers	31,600,930	341,140
Movers	4,385,555	62,170
Non-migrants	2,572,400	37,435
Migrants	1,813,155	24,735
Internal migrants	1,519,200	20,970
Intraprovincial migrants	1,250,235	13,515
Interprovincial migrants	268,965	7,460
External migrants	293,955	3,765
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,504,330	390,450
Non-movers	21,061,090	214,590
Movers	13,443,240	175,860
Non-migrants	5,773,890	47,425
Migrants	7,669,355	128,430
Internal migrants	5,976,960	111,900
Intraprovincial migrants	5,055,615	84,515
Interprovincial migrants	921,345	27,380
External migrants	1,692,390	16,535
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,335,920	353,790
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,474,175	42,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,861,745	311,455
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,568,265	217,250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,271,360	16,730
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,296,905	200,520
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,335,915	353,785
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,899,580	36,285
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,097,295	98,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,339,045	219,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,252,800	99,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,641,555	25,265
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,458,160	10,065
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,183,395	15,205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,714,490	63,520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	896,755	11,170
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,086,245	119,490
Bachelor's degree	5,295,360	72,570
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	556,510	7,505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	214,105	3,245
Master's degree	1,740,605	29,390
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	279,660	6,780
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,568,260	217,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,931,855	13,360
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,501,365	52,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,135,045	151,820
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,703,100	67,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,886,510	16,755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,050,285	6,485
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	836,220	10,265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,193,505	43,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	623,090	7,225
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,431,940	84,555
Bachelor's degree	4,177,455	52,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	430,875	4,995
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	167,730	2,160
Master's degree	1,446,435	20,935
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	209,445	3,725
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,335,920	353,785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,996,870	134,340
Education	1,113,015	15,860
13. Education	1,113,015	15,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	631,255	9,855
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,785	695
50. Visual and performing arts	556,470	9,160
Humanities	926,560	14,795
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	106,345	1,750
23. English language and literature/letters	184,600	4,410
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	316,050	3,160
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	18,935	600
38. Philosophy and religious studies	57,745	1,000
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,510	950
54. History	108,935	2,425
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	56,440	500
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,016,125	33,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	29,430	810
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	233,400	3,175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	344,150	3,830
22. Legal professions and studies	325,785	4,600
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	49,855	995
42. Psychology	327,965	6,425
45. Social sciences	705,540	13,300
Business, management and public administration	3,758,250	39,400
30.16 Accounting and computer science	5,335	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	272,240	4,385
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,480,675	34,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	719,715	11,310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	297,055	5,275
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155,955	1,920
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35,380	290
40. Physical sciences	196,620	3,545
41. Science technologies/technicians	34,710	280
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	804,230	9,335
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	643,145	6,955
25. Library science	43,085	800
27. Mathematics and statistics	99,360	1,320
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	18,640	260
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,506,120	35,010
04. Architecture and related services	135,020	1,715
14. Engineering	900,475	7,980
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	726,155	7,705
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	580	20
46. Construction trades	703,905	9,180
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	659,480	5,035
48. Precision production	380,505	3,375
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	407,545	5,495
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	262,580	2,930
03. Natural resources and conservation	144,960	2,560
Health and related fields	2,444,500	34,160
30.37 Design for human health	40	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180,785	2,590
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,194,395	30,440
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	5,255	50
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	64,030	1,085
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,006,425	10,965
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	548,520	6,435
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,965	235
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	6,900	295
43. Security and protective services	227,835	1,955
49. Transportation and materials moving	219,205	2,050
Other¹⁷⁹	5,305	115
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,568,260	217,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,433,215	65,430
Education	742,175	8,520
13. Education	742,175	8,520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490,455	7,000
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	54,645	445
50. Visual and performing arts	435,815	6,560
Humanities	649,695	9,610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	79,235	1,135
23. English language and literature/letters	134,815	2,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	216,725	2,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	12,910	360
38. Philosophy and religious studies	41,640	725
39. Theology and religious vocations	48,920	460
54. History	78,415	1,580
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	37,045	285
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,588,720	24,180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	23,895	665
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	196,475	2,625
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	270,970	2,850
22. Legal professions and studies	261,265	3,330
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	37,830	760
42. Psychology	249,205	4,225
45. Social sciences	549,090	9,735
Business, management and public administration	2,941,315	28,185
30.16 Accounting and computer science	3,995	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	213,140	2,970
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,724,175	25,190
Physical and life sciences and technologies	513,555	7,520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	227,460	3,665
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	108,350	1,305
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	14,270	210
40. Physical sciences	140,510	2,190
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,960	150
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	667,305	7,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	554,185	5,865
25. Library science	27,610	360
27. Mathematics and statistics	70,940	770
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	14,565	150
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,611,205	23,930
04. Architecture and related services	105,845	1,160
14. Engineering	724,235	5,790
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	536,600	4,925
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	510	20
46. Construction trades	510,105	6,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	467,225	3,325
48. Precision production	266,690	2,150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	314,120	4,070
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	199,335	2,205
03. Natural resources and conservation	114,780	1,860
Health and related fields	1,839,975	23,490
30.37 Design for human health	30	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	139,280	1,960
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,648,120	20,840
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	4,430	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	48,115	665
Personal, protective and transportation services	772,450	8,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	414,520	4,770
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,955	160
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	3,850	165
43. Security and protective services	183,025	1,570
49. Transportation and materials moving	168,105	1,400
Other¹⁷⁹	4,075	90
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,568,260	217,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,433,215	65,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,135,040	151,820
Location of study inside Canada	10,490,520	126,360
Same as province or territory of residence	9,251,025	92,470
Different than province or territory of residence	1,239,495	33,895
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,644,520	25,460
Americas	483,810	6,785
United States of America	279,005	5,060
Mexico	36,400	485
Cuba	8,345	20
Haiti	10,620	0
Jamaica	12,780	35
Brazil	40,050	415
Colombia	31,165	215
Peru	7,780	120
Venezuela⁹⁵	12,655	50
Other locations of study in Americas	45,000	380
Europe	543,725	6,795
Belgium	7,795	55
France	97,770	365
Germany	22,450	515
Netherlands	10,825	255
Switzerland	8,470	145
Hungary	5,160	40
Moldova¹⁸³	9,055	0
Poland	25,215	135
Romania	32,250	125
Russian Federation	36,095	275
Ukraine	36,405	265
Ireland⁹⁶	16,040	205
United Kingdom⁸⁷	151,900	3,455
Bosnia and Herzegovina	6,030	25
Italy	8,895	150
Serbia⁸⁶	8,745	75
Other locations of study in Europe	60,615	710
Africa	216,815	955
Nigeria	33,280	95
Algeria	33,230	0
Morocco	23,640	50
Tunisia	12,655	15
Egypt	30,255	70
South Africa, Republic of	19,060	435
Other locations of study in Africa	64,700	295
Asia	1,352,215	9,745
Iran⁸⁸	66,630	340
Iraq	16,515	50
Israel	11,355	75
Lebanon	19,565	50
Syria⁸⁹	16,405	55
Turkey	11,855	130
China⁹⁰	201,100	1,650
Taiwan	14,520	190
Hong Kong⁹¹	18,325	110
Japan	18,605	630
Korea, South⁹²	53,575	710
Philippines	305,795	2,975
Viet Nam	12,500	155
Bangladesh	25,000	55
Sri Lanka	15,085	20
India	405,850	1,910
Pakistan	75,155	125
Other locations of study in Asia	64,385	510
Oceania	47,960	1,175
Australia	38,525	925
New Zealand	7,785	235
Other locations of study in Oceania	1,655	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,335,915	353,785
In the labour force	19,310,345	223,285
Employed	17,321,695	208,015
Unemployed	1,988,645	15,265
Not in the labour force	11,025,575	130,500
Participation rate	63.7	63.1
Employment rate	57.1	58.8
Unemployment rate	10.3	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,335,920	353,785
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,140,775	128,435
Worked	19,195,145	225,350
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,215,385	117,510
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,979,760	107,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,310,340	223,285
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	486,865	3,340
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,823,480	219,940
Employee	16,103,455	180,495
Permanent position	13,431,685	152,015
Temporary position	2,671,765	28,480
Fixed term (1 year or more)	867,740	9,175
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,804,030	19,310
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,720,025	39,450
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,310,340	223,285
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	486,865	3,340
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,823,480	219,940
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	254,760	3,250
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,303,180	38,290
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,587,980	19,765
3 Health occupations	1,504,100	19,765
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,322,345	33,565
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	596,785	9,535
6 Sales and service occupations	4,616,050	55,035
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,239,500	32,245
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	541,235	4,825
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	857,540	3,665
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,310,340	223,285
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	486,865	3,340
All industries¹⁹¹	18,823,480	219,940
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	434,800	2,720
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	239,030	445
22 Utilities	147,750	700
23 Construction	1,469,085	17,700
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540,490	7,655
41 Wholesale trade	610,295	3,390
44-45 Retail trade	2,149,640	24,850
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	981,030	7,745
51 Information and cultural industries	400,460	3,930
52 Finance and insurance	815,225	5,990
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	343,940	4,460
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,571,160	21,450
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45,455	290
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	792,600	10,170
61 Educational services	1,413,320	17,865
62 Health care and social assistance	2,446,370	31,405
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	350,710	5,845
72 Accommodation and food services	1,085,270	15,895
81 Other services (except public administration)	797,935	8,860
91 Public administration	1,188,915	28,565
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,630,520	241,365
English	14,942,170	233,305
French	3,164,890	355
Non-official language	169,205	830
Indigenous³⁹	6,935	15
Non-Indigenous	162,265	815
English and French	1,682,510	2,725
English and non-official language(s)	570,220	3,870
French and non-official language(s)	20,935	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	69,340	255
Multiple non-official languages	11,265	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,630,520	241,365
Single responses	20,176,640	240,525
Official languages	19,866,180	239,065
English	15,879,850	238,340
French	3,986,330	725
Non-official languages	310,455	1,465
Indigenous languages³⁹	19,435	20
Algonquian languages	11,600	0
Blackfoot	60	0
Cree-Innu languages	9,115	0
Atikamekw	1,015	0
Cree languages	5,985	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	110	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	765	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	80	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	190	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	140	0
Cree, n.o.s.	4,695	0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,955	0
Naskapi	155	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	835	0
Mi'kmaq	825	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,585	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	0
Oji-Cree	875	0
Ojibway languages	695	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	40	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	40	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	610	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	895	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	890	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	535	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	155	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	35	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	25	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	100	0
Tahltan languages	10	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	130	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	6,630	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	0
Inuinnaqtun	15	0
Inuvialuktun	10	0
Inuktitut	6,605	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	30	0
Mohawk	30	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0
Michif	25	0
Salish languages	125	10
Halkomelem	35	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	0
Squamish	10	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Siouan languages	30	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	10	0
Stoney	15	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	40	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	0
Nisga'a	10	0
Tsimshian	15	0
Wakashan languages	40	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0
Non-Indigenous languages	291,025	1,445
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,265	60
Berber languages	45	0
Kabyle	30	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	415	0
Bilen	10	0
Oromo	40	0
Somali	365	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	8,785	60
Amharic	215	0
Arabic	7,190	35
Aramaic languages	460	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	330	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	0
Hebrew	585	0
Tigrigna	325	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,770	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	495	0
Vietnamese	9,260	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Austronesian languages	4,760	15
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	0
Cebuano	95	0
Hiligaynon	15	0
Ilocano	165	0
Indonesian	170	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,205	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Creole languages	390	0
Haitian Creole	375	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Dravidian languages	3,010	0
Kannada	10	0
Malayalam	250	0
Tamil	2,685	0
Telugu	70	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	80	0
Indo-European languages	112,395	315
Albanian	315	0
Armenian	530	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,085	30
Baltic languages	95	0
Latvian	50	0
Lithuanian	45	0
Slavic languages	9,995	25
Bulgarian	145	0
Czech	105	0
Macedonian	75	0
Polish	2,265	0
Russian	5,240	20
Serbo-Croatian	835	0
Bosnian	120	0
Croatian	155	0
Serbian	555	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	40	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0
Ukrainian	1,265	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Celtic languages	60	0
Scottish Gaelic	55	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	14,250	55
Frisian	15	0
High German languages	10,480	25
German	6,615	20
Pennsylvania German	2,560	0
Swiss German	255	0
Yiddish	1,050	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,540	25
Afrikaans	65	0
Dutch	965	25
Low German, n.o.s.	560	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	1,940	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0
Scandinavian languages	190	0
Danish	25	0
Icelandic	25	0
Norwegian	55	0
Swedish	90	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Greek	875	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55,455	60
Indo-Aryan languages	48,020	50
Bengali	645	0
Gujarati	1,115	0
Hindi	2,235	15
Kacchi	15	0
Marathi	20	0
Nepali	275	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40,840	25
Sindhi	25	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	0
Urdu	2,725	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Iranian languages	7,430	10
Kurdish	175	0
Pashto	130	0
Persian languages	7,110	10
Dari	800	0
Iranian Persian	5,715	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	595	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30,795	165
Catalan	15	0
Italian	1,625	0
Portuguese	6,970	25
Romanian	680	0
Spanish	21,455	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Japanese	3,560	115
Korean	14,345	140
Mongolian	25	0
Niger-Congo languages	410	0
Akan (Twi)	30	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	30	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0
Lingala	20	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	150	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	65	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Sign languages	2,010	30
American Sign Language	1,590	30
Quebec Sign Language	285	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	135	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	128,375	670
Chinese languages	128,045	670
Hakka	45	0
Mandarin	76,040	420
Min Dong	35	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	485	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50,950	245
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	295	0
Burmese	60	0
Karenic languages	135	0
S'gaw Karen	120	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Tibetan	90	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Tai-Kadai languages	765	40
Lao	80	0
Thai	670	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Turkic languages	1,345	0
Azerbaijani	35	0
Turkish	1,270	0
Uyghur	30	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Uralic languages	485	10
Estonian	70	0
Finnish	90	10
Hungarian	330	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Multiple responses	453,880	840
English and French	321,975	290
English and non-official language(s)	115,955	525
French and non-official language(s)	6,280	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,405	15
Multiple non-official languages	2,265	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,630,520	241,365
None	18,696,980	235,240
English	902,625	925
French	589,755	2,100
Non-official language	331,375	2,495
Indigenous³⁹	18,190	60
Non-Indigenous	313,185	2,435
English and French	2,940	20
English and non-official language(s)	33,125	45
French and non-official language(s)	22,615	185
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	0
Multiple non-official languages	50,740	355
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,321,700	208,015
Worked at home	4,214,860	55,825
Worked outside Canada	58,335	470
No fixed workplace address	2,201,745	27,490
Usual place of work	10,846,770	124,240
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,846,770	124,240
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,397,120	51,200
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,343,640	70,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,007,950	2,465
Commute to a different province or territory	98,060	510
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	13,048,510	151,730
Car, truck or van	10,950,750	112,575
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,106,595	104,260
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	844,155	8,315
Public transit	1,000,510	11,445
Walked	672,815	15,095
Bicycle	138,615	7,950
Other method	285,820	4,660
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	13,048,510	151,730
Less than 15 minutes	4,178,570	52,575
15 to 29 minutes	4,546,195	63,300
30 to 44 minutes	2,487,010	24,850
45 to 59 minutes	910,610	6,210
60 minutes and over	926,120	4,790
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	13,048,510	151,730
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	938,820	6,870
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,274,845	23,320
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,435,740	40,470
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,711,355	36,700
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,661,340	23,820
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,026,405	20,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,335,800	64,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	897,205	5,095
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,438,595	59,780
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,372,330	47,970
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	682,190	3,895
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	467,685	1,980
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	214,500	1,910
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,690,140	44,085

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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