Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Newfoundland and LabradorMore information: [Province]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	510,550
Population, 2016¹	519,716
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8
Total private dwellings²	269,184
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	223,253
Population density per square kilometre	1.4
Land area in square kilometres	358,170.37
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	510,550
0 to 14 years	68,190
0 to 4 years	18,985
5 to 9 years	23,030
10 to 14 years	26,175
15 to 64 years	321,750
15 to 19 years	25,720
20 to 24 years	26,075
25 to 29 years	25,045
30 to 34 years	27,525
35 to 39 years	29,445
40 to 44 years	30,890
45 to 49 years	33,995
50 to 54 years	38,375
55 to 59 years	42,150
60 to 64 years	42,520
65 years and over	120,610
65 to 69 years	40,450
70 to 74 years	34,405
75 to 79 years	22,365
80 to 84 years	13,240
85 years and over	10,155
85 to 89 years	6,745
90 to 94 years	2,710
95 to 99 years	620
100 years and over	80
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4
15 to 64 years	63.0
65 years and over	23.6
85 years and over	2.0
Average age of the population	45.5
Median age of the population	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	223,255
Single-detached house	161,410
Semi-detached house	8,695
Row house	10,770
Apartment or flat in a duplex	27,535
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,325
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	810
Other single-attached house	410
Movable dwelling⁴	1,295
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	223,250
1 person	62,290
2 persons	90,925
3 persons	35,080
4 persons	25,555
5 or more persons	9,400
Number of persons in private households	502,100
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	442,360
Married or living common-law	266,210
Married	217,395
Living common-law	48,815
Living common law - Never married	36,680
Living common law - Separated	1,495
Living common law - Divorced	9,220
Living common law - Widowed	1,420
Not married and not living common-law	176,150
Not married and not living common law - Never married	112,120
Not married and not living common law - Separated	9,275
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	24,040
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30,715
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155,770
2 persons	92,630
3 persons	33,290
4 persons	23,460
5 or more persons	6,385
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155,770
Total couple families	131,220
Married couples	106,815
With children⁶	44,510
Without children	62,305
Common-law couples	24,410
With children⁶	9,890
Without children	14,520
Total one-parent families	24,550
in which the parent is a woman+	19,165
in which the parent is a man+	5,390
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	502,095
Total - Persons in census families	412,540
Married spouses or common-law partners	262,445
Parents in one-parent families	24,545
Children⁶	125,550
In a two-parent family	89,780
In a one-parent family	35,775
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	89,555
Living alone	62,290
Living with other relatives⁷	10,565
Living with non-relatives only	16,705
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	223,255
One-census-family households without additional persons	142,615
Couple-family households	122,700
With children⁶	50,825
Without children	71,875
One-parent-family households	19,915
Multigenerational households⁸	4,405
Multiple-census-family households⁹	680
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5,150
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	8,115
One-person households	62,290
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	433,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420,110
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420,245
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	344,460
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	281,445
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	348,520
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,175
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,460
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	433,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420,035
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420,205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	344,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	281,460
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	348,550
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,945
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,225
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	433,955
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	117,415
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125,435
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	433,955
Without total income	13,850
With total income	420,105
Under $10,000 (including loss)	33,110
$10,000 to $19,999	58,585
$20,000 to $29,999	76,150
$30,000 to $39,999	60,370
$40,000 to $49,999	49,770
$50,000 to $59,999	35,470
$60,000 to $69,999	25,270
$70,000 to $79,999	18,730
$80,000 to $89,999	14,360
$90,000 to $99,999	12,190
$100,000 and over	36,100
$100,000 to $149,999	24,300
$150,000 and over	11,800
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	433,955
Without after-tax income	13,715
With after-tax income	420,240
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,805
$10,000 to $19,999	61,075
$20,000 to $29,999	90,885
$30,000 to $39,999	70,360
$40,000 to $49,999	53,695
$50,000 to $59,999	35,135
$60,000 to $69,999	23,040
$70,000 to $79,999	17,395
$80,000 to $89,999	10,510
$90,000 to $99,999	6,710
$100,000 and over	16,635
$100,000 to $124,999	8,830
$125,000 and over	7,810
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	433,955
Without employment income	152,515
With employment income	281,440
Under $5,000 (including loss)	43,605
$5,000 to $9,999	24,040
$10,000 to $19,999	39,050
$20,000 to $29,999	29,510
$30,000 to $39,999	24,920
$40,000 to $49,999	23,160
$50,000 to $59,999	18,900
$60,000 to $69,999	15,375
$70,000 to $79,999	12,830
$80,000 to $89,999	10,865
$90,000 to $99,999	10,060
$100,000 and over	29,120
$100,000 to $124,999	13,095
$125,000 and over	16,030
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	433,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	413,080
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	413,440
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	343,320
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	285,685
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	317,925
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	89,840
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	433,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	412,905
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	413,185
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	343,150
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	285,920
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	318,000
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,750
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	433,955
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	116,735
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	118,095
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	81.4
Employment income (%)	68.8
Government transfers (%)	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	223,250
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	62,290
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160,965
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	223,250
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	62,255
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,720
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	161,000
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	223,250
Under $5,000	1,205
$5,000 to $9,999	1,940
$10,000 to $14,999	3,955
$15,000 to $19,999	4,225
$20,000 to $24,999	13,545
$25,000 to $29,999	8,965
$30,000 to $34,999	11,210
$35,000 to $39,999	11,940
$40,000 to $44,999	9,905
$45,000 to $49,999	9,105
$50,000 to $59,999	17,255
$60,000 to $69,999	15,890
$70,000 to $79,999	14,840
$80,000 to $89,999	13,500
$90,000 to $99,999	11,845
$100,000 and over	73,915
$100,000 to $124,999	23,090
$125,000 to $149,999	16,110
$150,000 to $199,999	19,040
$200,000 and over	15,670
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	223,250
Under $5,000	1,325
$5,000 to $9,999	1,990
$10,000 to $14,999	4,010
$15,000 to $19,999	4,420
$20,000 to $24,999	14,530
$25,000 to $29,999	10,570
$30,000 to $34,999	12,420
$35,000 to $39,999	13,505
$40,000 to $44,999	11,555
$45,000 to $49,999	10,590
$50,000 to $59,999	20,725
$60,000 to $69,999	19,100
$70,000 to $79,999	17,215
$80,000 to $89,999	14,690
$90,000 to $99,999	12,220
$100,000 and over	54,400
$100,000 to $124,999	22,095
$125,000 to $149,999	13,900
$150,000 and over	18,400
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	155,065
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	72,470
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55,360
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,810
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	78,990
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	155,085
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	72,460
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55,455
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,715
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,550
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	79,130
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	502,100
0 to 17 years	83,475
0 to 5 years	23,495
18 to 64 years	303,880
65 years and over	114,740
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	76,355
0 to 17 years	12,860
0 to 5 years	4,075
18 to 64 years	34,385
65 years and over	29,105
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3
65 years and over (%)	25.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	499,080
0 to 17 years	82,500
0 to 5 years	23,165
18 to 64 years	302,020
65 years and over	114,555
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	18,330
0 to 17 years	2,780
0 to 5 years	880
18 to 64 years	14,335
65 years and over	1,210
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	502,100
In bottom half of the distribution	285,935
In bottom decile	60,890
In second decile	66,785
In third decile	56,155
In fourth decile	52,920
In fifth decile	49,185
In top half of the distribution	216,160
In sixth decile	48,170
In seventh decile	46,145
In eighth decile	44,630
In ninth decile	42,135
In top decile	35,080
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	502,095
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.495
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	504,805
English only	477,900
French only	130
English and French	25,945
Neither English nor French	830
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	504,805
English	501,645
French	2,110
English and French	345
Neither English nor French	705
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	504,805
Single responses	501,425
Official languages	488,775
English	486,560
French	2,215
Non-official languages	12,655
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,835
Algonquian languages	1,580
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,580
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,575
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	250
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	245
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,820
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,845
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	60
Bilen	10
Oromo	30
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	1,775
Amharic	25
Arabic	1,565
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,365
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,185
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	75
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	45
Sango	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	360
Kannada	10
Malayalam	140
Tamil	140
Telugu	65
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,845
Albanian	45
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	500
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	495
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	50
Czech	30
Macedonian	0
Polish	80
Russian	210
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	70
Bosnian	10
Croatian	25
Serbian	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	630
Frisian	0
High German languages	310
German	295
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180
Afrikaans	75
Dutch	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	130
Danish	45
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	55
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	2,595
Indo-Aryan languages	2,130
Assamese	0
Bengali	595
Gujarati	145
Hindi	255
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	5
Marathi	30
Nepali	60
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	625
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135
Urdu	260
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	470
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	60
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	390
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	345
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	995
Catalan	5
Italian	90
Portuguese	220
Romanian	40
Spanish	640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	115
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	435
Akan (Twi)	65
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	10
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	65
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	40
Dinka	15
Nuer	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	110
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,260
Chinese languages	1,235
Hakka	5
Mandarin	825
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	315
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	10
Karenic languages	10
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	10
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	95
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	10
Turkish	65
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	65
Estonian	10
Finnish	15
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	3,375
English and French	1,020
English and non-official language(s)	2,085
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	504,805
English	487,420
French	585
Non-official language	3,615
Indigenous³⁹	830
Non-Indigenous	2,785
English and French	2,615
English and non-official language(s)	9,845
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	465
Multiple non-official languages	230
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	504,805
Single responses	502,230
Official languages	495,005
English	494,120
French	880
Non-official languages	7,230
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,350
Algonquian languages	1,305
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,305
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,305
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,175
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	10
Oromo	20
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,130
Amharic	5
Arabic	1,005
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	110
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	715
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	45
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	170
Kannada	5
Malayalam	65
Tamil	60
Telugu	40
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,390
Albanian	25
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	180
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	180
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	110
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	105
Frisian	0
High German languages	40
German	40
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,655
Indo-Aryan languages	1,295
Assamese	0
Bengali	335
Gujarati	80
Hindi	125
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	10
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75
Urdu	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	365
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	45
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	300
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	80
Romanian	10
Spanish	300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	55
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	145
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	220
American Sign Language	185
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	790
Chinese languages	770
Hakka	0
Mandarin	550
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	5
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	40
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	5
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	2,575
English and French	355
English and non-official language(s)	2,135
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	30
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	504,805
None	493,860
English	3,235
French	2,100
Non-official language	4,310
Indigenous³⁹	500
Non-Indigenous	3,810
English and French	55
English and non-official language(s)	385
French and non-official language(s)	235
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	605
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	502,095
Official languages	501,305
English	501,135
French	26,135
Non-official languages	20,910
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,670
Algonquian languages	2,025
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,945
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	40
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	1,930
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	75
Mi'kmaq	75
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	625
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	620
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	20
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,620
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	35
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20
Semitic languages	2,550
Amharic	40
Arabic	2,200
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	110
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	230
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,070
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	85
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	90
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	85
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,810
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95
Creole languages	225
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	70
Sango	40
Creole, n.o.s.	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50
Dravidian languages	545
Kannada	0
Malayalam	250
Tamil	305
Telugu	105
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	9,250
Albanian	65
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	965
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	955
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	50
Czech	75
Macedonian	0
Polish	100
Russian	545
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	165
Bosnian	45
Croatian	75
Serbian	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	95
Irish	55
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25
Germanic languages	1,645
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,090
German	1,075
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325
Afrikaans	105
Dutch	220
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	305
Danish	110
Icelandic	40
Norwegian	150
Swedish	65
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15
Greek	90
Indo-Iranian languages	3,855
Indo-Aryan languages	3,280
Assamese	0
Bengali	875
Gujarati	255
Hindi	1,565
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	20
Konkani	0
Marathi	50
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,035
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	155
Urdu	550
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	590
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	110
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	515
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	445
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	3,005
Catalan	30
Italian	495
Portuguese	480
Romanian	110
Spanish	2,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	195
Korean	225
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,200
Akan (Twi)	135
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	20
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	45
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	200
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25
Swahili	150
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	120
Dinka	70
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50
African, n.o.s.	35
Sign languages	965
American Sign Language	875
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,575
Chinese languages	1,525
Hakka	15
Mandarin	1,170
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	395
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75
Lao	15
Thai	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	215
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	35
Turkish	135
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	90
Estonian	15
Finnish	30
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	55
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	502,100
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	46,545
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	43,095
First Nations (North American Indian)	28,435
Métis	7,335
Inuk (Inuit)	7,330
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	685
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	2,765
Non-Indigenous identity	455,550
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	502,100
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	22,720
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	479,375
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	223,250
Owner	169,010
Renter	53,680
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	560
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	223,250
Condominium	5,525
Not condominium	217,725
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	223,250
No bedrooms	410
1 bedroom	13,045
2 bedrooms	53,000
3 bedrooms	102,545
4 or more bedrooms	54,255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	223,250
1 to 4 rooms	37,615
5 rooms	35,320
6 rooms	39,350
7 rooms	33,515
8 or more rooms	77,445
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	223,250
One person or fewer per room	222,260
More than one person per room	990
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	223,250
Suitable	219,400
Not suitable	3,850
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	223,250
1960 or before	40,635
1961 to 1980	71,180
1981 to 1990	33,065
1991 to 2000	26,115
2001 to 2005	12,130
2006 to 2010	14,825
2011 to 2015	15,980
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	9,330
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	223,250
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	211,050
Major repairs needed	12,205
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	223,250
One-maintainer household	115,610
Two-maintainer household	101,755
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,885
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	223,250
15 to 24 years	5,700
25 to 34 years	24,175
35 to 44 years	31,955
45 to 54 years	39,720
55 to 64 years	48,335
65 to 74 years	44,755
75 to 84 years	22,715
85 years and over	5,900
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	221,825
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	189,435
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	32,390
30% to less than 100%	30,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	223,250
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45,625
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	29,865
Not suitable only	3,260
Major repairs needed only	9,710
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	290
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,195
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	260
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40
Acceptable housing	177,630
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	219,505
In core need	17,525
Not in core need	201,980
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	168,660
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,014
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	246,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,615
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.5
% in core housing need⁶³	20.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	903
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	560
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	168
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	242
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	502,100
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	31,845
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30,850
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	22,040
Métis single ancestry	3,175
Inuit single ancestry	5,635
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	990
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	185
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	260
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	445
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	95
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	26,945
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25,980
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20,635
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,235
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,110
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	970
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	443,310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	502,095
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	490,860
Canadian citizens aged under 18	82,250
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	408,605
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,240
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	502,095
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	482,615
Immigrants⁸¹	14,250
Before 1980	3,335
1980 to 1990	890
1991 to 2000	1,020
2001 to 2010	2,435
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,570
2011 to 2015	2,300
2016 to 2021	4,265
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,235
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,250
Under 5 years	1,700
5 to 14 years	2,470
15 to 24 years	2,335
25 to 44 years	6,640
45 years and over	1,110
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,250
Americas	2,345
Brazil	90
Colombia	145
El Salvador	30
Guyana	20
Haiti	10
Jamaica	220
Mexico	25
Peru	20
Trinidad and Tobago	65
United States of America	1,390
Other places of birth in Americas	325
Europe	4,290
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40
Croatia	45
France	190
Germany	245
Greece	25
Hungary	15
Italy	95
Netherlands	100
Poland	60
Portugal	80
Romania	100
Russian Federation	125
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,300
Other places of birth in Europe	780
Africa	1,895
Algeria	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80
Egypt	205
Eritrea	155
Ethiopia	75
Morocco	20
Nigeria	455
Somalia	15
South Africa, Republic of	185
Other places of birth in Africa	675
Asia	5,590
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	140
Iraq	190
Lebanon	80
Syria⁸⁹	485
Turkey	55
China⁹⁰	630
Hong Kong⁹¹	85
Korea, South⁹²	105
Taiwan	50
Philippines	1,655
Viet Nam	90
Bangladesh	230
India	830
Pakistan	220
Sri Lanka	100
Other places of birth in Asia	635
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,270
Americas	430
Brazil	25
Colombia	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	145
Mexico	20
United States of America	145
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	70
Europe	395
France	30
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	55
Italy	10
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125
Other places of birth in Europe	105
Africa	910
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	40
Eritrea	100
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	10
Nigeria	300
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	65
Sudan⁹⁷	65
Tunisia	35
Other places of birth in Africa	210
Asia	2,520
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	80
China⁹⁰	200
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	320
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	60
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	20
Korea, South⁹²	35
Lebanon	55
Nepal	0
Pakistan	100
Philippines	940
Saudi Arabia	25
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	400
Turkey	30
United Arab Emirates	35
Viet Nam	35
Other places of birth in Asia	105
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	502,095
First generation¹⁰⁰	21,365
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,835
Third generation or more¹⁰²	462,900
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,385
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,015
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,370
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,690
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,780
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,450
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,480
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	502,100
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,855
South Asian	4,545
Chinese	2,005
Black	3,590
Filipino	2,270
Arab	1,740
Latin American	755
Southeast Asian	505
West Asian	550
Korean	220
Japanese	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205
Multiple visible minorities	395
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	485,240
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	502,095
Canadian	125,120
English	175,045
Irish	122,115
Scottish	33,270
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,925
German	7,335
Chinese	2,265
Italian	2,290
Indian (India)	2,765
Ukrainian	1,505
Dutch	1,830
Polish	1,290
Québécois	315
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	18,305
Filipino	2,255
French Canadian	720
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	26,565
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10,820
Métis	6,715
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	8,625
Russian	680
Norwegian	1,840
Welsh	5,750
Portuguese	1,215
American	2,180
Spanish	1,160
Swedish	1,035
Hungarian	325
Acadian	1,100
Pakistani	270
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	725
Jewish	550
Punjabi	285
Vietnamese	175
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	830
Greek	365
Jamaican	320
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	525
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305
Korean	225
Romanian	300
Lebanese	775
Iranian	430
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,960
Danish	690
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,585
Sikh	150
Austrian	325
Belgian	265
Haitian	10
Hindu	125
Mexican	135
Mennonite	65
Swiss	275
Finnish	235
Sri Lankan	125
Croatian	105
Japanese	150
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	175
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	18,870
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,230
Muslim	320
Egyptian	390
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155
Tamil	90
Icelandic	170
Colombian	160
Moroccan	50
Czech	195
Syrian	335
Guyanese	65
Afghan	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	200
Serbian	50
Ojibway	195
Newfoundlander	34,640
Hong Konger	15
Ontarian	435
Persian	105
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100
Turkish	160
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	9,365
Bangladeshi	545
Algerian	25
Brazilian	185
Nigerian	425
Armenian	25
Slovak	55
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	290
Somali	0
Taiwanese	55
Iraqi	95
Salvadorean	30
African Caribbean	50
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	215
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65
Algonquin	120
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80
Lithuanian	50
South African	185
Australian	175
Palestinian	135
Chilean	60
Congolese	110
Nova Scotian	430
Ethiopian	35
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60
Peruvian	80
Yoruba	325
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	30
Albanian	80
Maltese	130
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	640
New Brunswicker	150
Gujarati	45
Eritrean	180
African Canadian	70
Israeli	30
Mohawk	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	70
Bulgarian	80
Albertan	70
Ghanaian	125
Barbadian	85
African American	145
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60
Tunisian	80
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55
Cuban	135
Bosnian	65
Venezuelan	50
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	2,350
Latvian	95
Bengali	150
Cameroonian	30
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	50
Laotian	25
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	110
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	350
British Columbian	30
Ecuadorian	15
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	25
Estonian	20
Kurdish	80
Fijian	0
Jatt	70
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	495
Coptic	75
Thai	95
Dominican	30
Nepali	35
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	170
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	10
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45
New Zealander	15
Sudanese	120
Breton	30
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	60
Plains Cree	45
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	10
Saskatchewanian	40
Buddhist	15
Gaspesian	0
Norman	80
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	60
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	40
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	55
Kenyan	25
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	10
Jordanian	70
Manitoban	20
Cape Bretoner	125
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	0
Malayali	70
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	50
Mayan	25
Honduran	25
Cherokee	120
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	7,220
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	45
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	10
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	0
Malay	25
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	115
Burmese	30
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	10
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	50
Central African	30
Libyan	90
Basque	115
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	40
Maliseet	10
Beninese	10
Telugu	40
Roma	15
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	35
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	15
Singaporean	10
Karen	10
Edo	25
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	502,100
Buddhist	490
Christian	413,915
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,590
Anabaptist	105
Anglican	108,030
Baptist	1,115
Catholic	159,875
Christian Orthodox	700
Jehovah's Witness	1,490
Latter Day Saints	170
Lutheran	300
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	29,830
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	28,645
Presbyterian	1,165
Reformed	25
United Church	60,670
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,205
Hindu	1,200
Jewish	240
Muslim	3,995
Sikh	855
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	105
Other religions and spiritual traditions	965
No religion and secular perspectives	80,330
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	498,445
Non-movers	453,375
Movers	45,070
Non-migrants	24,890
Migrants	20,180
Internal migrants	19,020
Intraprovincial migrants	12,470
Interprovincial migrants	6,550
External migrants	1,160
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	483,165
Non-movers	342,910
Movers	140,255
Non-migrants	52,775
Migrants	87,485
Internal migrants	79,865
Intraprovincial migrants	60,000
Interprovincial migrants	19,860
External migrants	7,615
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	433,955
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	96,375
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	337,580
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	267,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	38,650
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	229,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	433,960
No certificate, diploma or degree	88,710
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	119,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	225,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	153,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	42,715
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	21,280
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	21,440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	101,680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,810
Bachelor's degree or higher	72,190
Bachelor's degree	47,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,245
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,035
Master's degree	17,150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,610
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	267,785
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,800
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	168,720
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	112,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,020
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,940
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15,080
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	77,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,635
Bachelor's degree or higher	55,780
Bachelor's degree	35,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,455
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,675
Master's degree	13,875
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,895
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	433,955
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	208,565
Education	18,310
13. Education	18,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,630
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	525
50. Visual and performing arts	3,100
Humanities	7,650
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	525
23. English language and literature/letters	2,020
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,820
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	250
38. Philosophy and religious studies	660
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,115
54. History	785
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	475
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,250
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	240
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,715
22. Legal professions and studies	1,980
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130
42. Psychology	3,090
45. Social sciences	5,210
Business, management and public administration	48,125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,845
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,875
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,525
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,255
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115
40. Physical sciences	1,725
41. Science technologies/technicians	255
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,180
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,920
25. Library science	450
27. Mathematics and statistics	740
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	57,910
04. Architecture and related services	335
14. Engineering	6,545
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,965
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	17,805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,505
48. Precision production	6,745
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,250
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,735
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,515
Health and related fields	33,535
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,570
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	31,065
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	120
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	785
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,650
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110
43. Security and protective services	2,180
49. Transportation and materials moving	11,155
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	267,785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	99,065
Education	11,025
13. Education	11,025
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,860
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330
50. Visual and performing arts	2,535
Humanities	5,215
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375
23. English language and literature/letters	1,300
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185
38. Philosophy and religious studies	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	650
54. History	575
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	320
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,130
22. Legal professions and studies	1,625
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105
42. Psychology	2,395
45. Social sciences	4,090
Business, management and public administration	36,780
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,890
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	885
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85
40. Physical sciences	1,345
41. Science technologies/technicians	140
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,265
25. Library science	340
27. Mathematics and statistics	515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	42,160
04. Architecture and related services	240
14. Engineering	5,290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10,780
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	12,995
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,240
48. Precision production	4,600
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,435
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,360
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,075
Health and related fields	25,500
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	23,530
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	115
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	645
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,925
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80
43. Security and protective services	1,765
49. Transportation and materials moving	8,805
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	267,785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	168,720
Location of study inside Canada	161,880
Same as province or territory of residence	137,745
Different than province or territory of residence	24,140
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,840
Americas	1,625
United States of America	1,160
Mexico	40
Cuba	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	115
Brazil	85
Colombia	15
Peru	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	140
Europe	1,735
Belgium	20
France	100
Germany	120
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	20
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	25
Russian Federation	60
Ukraine	40
Ireland⁹⁶	160
United Kingdom⁸⁷	945
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	180
Africa	685
Nigeria	205
Algeria	0
Morocco	35
Tunisia	35
Egypt	130
South Africa, Republic of	65
Other locations of study in Africa	210
Asia	2,635
Iran⁸⁸	245
Iraq	75
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	35
China⁹⁰	200
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
Japan	30
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	955
Viet Nam	45
Bangladesh	120
Sri Lanka	70
India	515
Pakistan	70
Other locations of study in Asia	125
Oceania	160
Australia	145
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	433,960
In the labour force	243,330
Employed	206,285
Unemployed	37,045
Not in the labour force	190,625
Participation rate	56.1
Employment rate	47.5
Unemployment rate	15.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	433,955
Did not work¹⁸⁶	183,800
Worked	250,155
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	119,335
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	130,815
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	243,330
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,930
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	236,405
Employee	217,070
Permanent position	153,520
Temporary position	63,545
Fixed term (1 year or more)	13,300
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	50,245
Self-employed¹⁹²	19,335
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	243,330
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,930
All occupations¹⁹¹	236,405
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,045
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	32,540
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15,155
3 Health occupations	21,510
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	33,725
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,735
6 Sales and service occupations	59,440
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	47,285
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,740
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,225
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	243,330
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,930
All industries¹⁹¹	236,405
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,425
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	9,715
22 Utilities	2,795
23 Construction	19,380
31-33 Manufacturing	11,670
41 Wholesale trade	4,780
44-45 Retail trade	29,955
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,815
51 Information and cultural industries	2,740
52 Finance and insurance	4,610
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,525
55 Management of companies and enterprises	260
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,470
61 Educational services	17,205
62 Health care and social assistance	40,245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,765
72 Accommodation and food services	15,310
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,885
91 Public administration	21,725
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	267,975
English	263,530
French	430
Non-official language	295
Indigenous³⁹	185
Non-Indigenous	110
English and French	2,565
English and non-official language(s)	1,080
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	267,975
Single responses	267,450
Official languages	266,895
English	265,980
French	915
Non-official languages	560
Indigenous languages³⁹	395
Algonquian languages	380
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	380
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	380
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	70
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	50
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	525
English and French	275
English and non-official language(s)	245
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	267,975
None	264,780
English	725
French	1,820
Non-official language	555
Indigenous³⁹	205
Non-Indigenous	350
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	35
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	206,285
Worked at home	26,785
Worked outside Canada	425
No fixed workplace address	31,185
Usual place of work	147,885
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	147,890
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	82,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	56,600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,465
Commute to a different province or territory	2,600
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	179,070
Car, truck or van	159,145
Car, truck or van - as a driver	143,960
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15,190
Public transit	3,580
Walked	8,680
Bicycle	235
Other method	7,435
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	179,070
Less than 15 minutes	92,060
15 to 29 minutes	55,765
30 to 44 minutes	15,825
45 to 59 minutes	5,090
60 minutes and over	10,330
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	179,070
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,625
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	22,605
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	53,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	48,930
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,935
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	24,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	85,265
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,955
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	82,310
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	64,755
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,220
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,200
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,015
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	62,540

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table