Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove	Division No. 18, Unorganized, Unorganized (NO)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,132,505	1,871^E
Population, 2016¹	1,098,352	1,372^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	36.4^E
Total private dwellings²	513,725	1,676
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	449,581	721
Population density per square kilometre	2.0	0.0
Land area in square kilometres	577,060.40	260,794.98
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,132,505	1,875
0 to 14 years	223,115	370
0 to 4 years	69,455	130
5 to 9 years	76,545	130
10 to 14 years	77,120	115
15 to 64 years	711,405	1,025
15 to 19 years	68,510	105
20 to 24 years	66,870	75
25 to 29 years	70,030	85
30 to 34 years	78,380	95
35 to 39 years	79,420	115
40 to 44 years	73,055	90
45 to 49 years	65,075	80
50 to 54 years	62,745	110
55 to 59 years	73,165	135
60 to 64 years	74,155	145
65 years and over	197,980	475
65 to 69 years	64,770	200
70 to 74 years	48,945	130
75 to 79 years	33,045	75
80 to 84 years	23,460	45
85 years and over	27,765	25
85 to 89 years	16,165	20
90 to 94 years	8,715	5
95 to 99 years	2,435	0
100 years and over	450	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.7	19.7
15 to 64 years	62.8	54.7
65 years and over	17.5	25.3
85 years and over	2.5	1.3
Average age of the population	39.8	43.0
Median age of the population	38.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	449,580	720
Single-detached house	322,070	670
Semi-detached house	13,680	10
Row house	19,860	10
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,240	0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	61,855	0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,040	0
Other single-attached house	755	0
Movable dwelling⁴	9,090	25
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	449,580	720
1 person	130,110	175
2 persons	158,555	305
3 persons	60,185	70
4 persons	57,860	75
5 or more persons	42,875	95
Number of persons in private households	1,103,205	1,860
Average household size	2.5	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	909,390	1,500
Married or living common-law	526,835	960
Married	440,040	765
Living common-law	86,795	190
Living common law - Never married	65,395	155
Living common law - Separated	3,075	5
Living common law - Divorced	16,305	25
Living common law - Widowed	2,025	10
Not married and not living common-law	382,560	540
Not married and not living common law - Never married	258,905	365
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20,685	30
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	50,635	85
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	52,330	70
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	308,690	560
2 persons	160,870	345
3 persons	58,650	75
4 persons	55,775	70
5 or more persons	33,390	65
Average size of census families	2.9	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	2.0
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	308,690	555
Total couple families	255,910	470
Married couples	212,520	370
With children⁶	106,385	125
Without children	106,135	245
Common-law couples	43,395	100
With children⁶	18,190	50
Without children	25,205	45
Total one-parent families	52,775	90
in which the parent is a woman+	39,825	65
in which the parent is a man+	12,955	25
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,103,205	1,855
Total - Persons in census families	903,775	1,565
Married spouses or common-law partners	511,820	935
Parents in one-parent families	52,780	85
Children⁶	339,175	540
In a two-parent family	248,725	385
In a one-parent family	90,455	150
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	199,425	290
Living alone	130,105	180
Living with other relatives⁷	28,150	75
Living with non-relatives only	41,165	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	449,585	720
One-census-family households without additional persons	275,515	465
Couple-family households	236,790	425
With children⁶	113,990	150
Without children	122,800	275
One-parent-family households	38,720	35
Multigenerational households⁸	9,815	30
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,960	5
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	13,265	25
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	18,915	20
One-person households	130,105	180
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	882,780	1,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	844,920	1,370
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845,455	1,370
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	757,325	1,135
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	622,670	855
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	751,755	1,265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	15,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,485	210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	8,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	214,100	430
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	882,760	1,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	845,425	1,210
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	845,965	1,210
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	45,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	757,585	1,025
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,680	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	622,690	745
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	49,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	751,480	1,090
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,650	13,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,595	155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,330	10,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	213,970	355
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	882,760	1,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	301,310	335
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	69,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,100	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	237,965	220
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,120	39,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	58.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	882,780	1,480
Without total income	37,860	115
With total income	844,915	1,370
Under $10,000 (including loss)	71,550	95
$10,000 to $19,999	92,735	185
$20,000 to $29,999	126,965	250
$30,000 to $39,999	105,405	190
$40,000 to $49,999	96,850	195
$50,000 to $59,999	80,190	120
$60,000 to $69,999	63,160	65
$70,000 to $79,999	49,340	60
$80,000 to $89,999	38,610	45
$90,000 to $99,999	30,895	45
$100,000 and over	89,220	125
$100,000 to $149,999	62,465	95
$150,000 and over	26,750	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	882,780	1,480
Without after-tax income	37,330	115
With after-tax income	845,450	1,370
Under $10,000 (including loss)	74,770	100
$10,000 to $19,999	96,975	180
$20,000 to $29,999	143,230	265
$30,000 to $39,999	125,245	235
$40,000 to $49,999	113,220	200
$50,000 to $59,999	87,685	100
$60,000 to $69,999	63,720	85
$70,000 to $79,999	47,135	50
$80,000 to $89,999	29,945	55
$90,000 to $99,999	19,390	30
$100,000 and over	44,145	80
$100,000 to $124,999	24,420	45
$125,000 and over	19,725	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	882,780	1,480
Without employment income	260,105	630
With employment income	622,670	855
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,620	175
$5,000 to $9,999	49,340	75
$10,000 to $19,999	72,905	115
$20,000 to $29,999	58,850	100
$30,000 to $39,999	56,210	55
$40,000 to $49,999	54,395	55
$50,000 to $59,999	47,765	35
$60,000 to $69,999	40,940	40
$70,000 to $79,999	33,380	40
$80,000 to $89,999	29,020	20
$90,000 to $99,999	23,480	45
$100,000 and over	65,770	100
$100,000 to $124,999	31,845	45
$125,000 and over	33,925	60
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	882,780	1,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	825,815	1,355
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	826,075	1,355
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	745,575	1,120
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	619,030	870
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	712,010	1,230
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,360	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	69,035	215
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	10,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	882,760	1,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	826,385	1,195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	47,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	826,660	1,200
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,960	41,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	746,260	1,015
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	45,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	619,710	780
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	712,110	1,075
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,580	9,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,920	140
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,030	10,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	882,760	1,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	299,100	320
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,100	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	222,840	215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	41,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	81.6
Employment income (%)	70.6	63.2
Government transfers (%)	12.7	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	449,580	720
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	78,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	72,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	130,105	180
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	40,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	35,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	319,475	545
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	92,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	449,580	620
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,800	101,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,100	88,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	129,935	135
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,300	46,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,680	41,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	319,645	490
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,700	116,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,100	102,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	449,580	720
Under $5,000	5,030	10
$5,000 to $9,999	2,640	0
$10,000 to $14,999	4,645	10
$15,000 to $19,999	8,295	15
$20,000 to $24,999	19,430	15
$25,000 to $29,999	15,705	35
$30,000 to $34,999	14,730	15
$35,000 to $39,999	17,200	40
$40,000 to $44,999	17,145	40
$45,000 to $49,999	17,225	30
$50,000 to $59,999	33,580	65
$60,000 to $69,999	32,145	45
$70,000 to $79,999	30,370	50
$80,000 to $89,999	28,270	55
$90,000 to $99,999	26,025	35
$100,000 and over	177,135	265
$100,000 to $124,999	53,545	100
$125,000 to $149,999	39,320	55
$150,000 to $199,999	47,170	55
$200,000 and over	37,100	50
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	449,580	720
Under $5,000	5,735	10
$5,000 to $9,999	2,730	0
$10,000 to $14,999	4,800	10
$15,000 to $19,999	8,635	15
$20,000 to $24,999	20,715	20
$25,000 to $29,999	17,735	30
$30,000 to $34,999	17,085	20
$35,000 to $39,999	20,380	55
$40,000 to $44,999	20,090	40
$45,000 to $49,999	19,875	35
$50,000 to $59,999	39,515	60
$60,000 to $69,999	37,680	50
$70,000 to $79,999	35,090	60
$80,000 to $89,999	31,875	50
$90,000 to $99,999	28,180	45
$100,000 and over	139,455	215
$100,000 to $124,999	54,690	105
$125,000 to $149,999	35,800	45
$150,000 and over	48,965	70
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	306,550	535
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	83,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	124,905	275
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	77,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	125,315	185
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	114,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	107,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	4.5
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,700	65
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	54,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	54,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	3.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	171,275	215
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	306,600	485
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	115,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,800	100,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	125,115	285
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	112,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,300	96,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	125,520	140
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	136,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	120,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,570	55
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	66,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	64,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	171,095	160
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,640	46,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,960	40,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,103,200	1,855
0 to 17 years	261,770	445
0 to 5 years	83,310	150
18 to 64 years	657,835	945
65 years and over	183,595	470
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	147,955	320
0 to 17 years	45,500	140
0 to 5 years	15,520	40
18 to 64 years	74,450	120
65 years and over	28,000	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.4	31.6
0 to 5 years (%)	18.6	26.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	13.0
65 years and over (%)	15.3	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,047,470	1,855
0 to 17 years	239,370	440
0 to 5 years	76,215	145
18 to 64 years	628,090	940
65 years and over	180,015	475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	42,310	85
0 to 17 years	10,250	45
0 to 5 years	3,285	0
18 to 64 years	29,210	30
65 years and over	2,850	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.3	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.6	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,103,200	1,860
In bottom half of the distribution	580,685	1,045
In bottom decile	129,985	280
In second decile	119,140	200
In third decile	112,825	200
In fourth decile	110,110	170
In fifth decile	108,615	195
In top half of the distribution	522,520	810
In sixth decile	107,950	260
In seventh decile	108,365	155
In eighth decile	108,465	120
In ninth decile	106,220	145
In top decile	91,515	130
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,103,200	1,855
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.332	0.333
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	0.526
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	0.299
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,116,045	1,870
English only	1,055,000	1,795
French only	450	0
English and French	51,970	70
Neither English nor French	8,625	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,116,045	1,870
English	1,094,690	1,855
French	11,335	10
English and French	1,815	0
Neither English nor French	8,200	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,116,045	1,870
Single responses	1,082,470	1,790
Official languages	924,330	1,370
English	911,765	1,360
French	12,565	15
Non-official languages	158,135	415
Indigenous languages³⁹	20,785	380
Algonquian languages	14,490	165
Blackfoot	5	0
Cree-Innu languages	13,810	165
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	13,810	165
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	45	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	440	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	3,005	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	1,255	35
Cree, n.o.s.	9,060	115
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	670	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0
Ojibway languages	665	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	590	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	60	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5,790	205
Northern Athabaskan languages	5,780	205
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5,780	205
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	5	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	260	10
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	200	0
Assiniboine	60	0
Dakota	120	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	137,355	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,795	0
Berber languages	5	0
Kabyle	5	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	50	0
Hausa	50	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,010	0
Bilen	110	0
Oromo	115	0
Somali	690	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	95	0
Semitic languages	6,730	0
Amharic	370	0
Arabic	4,610	0
Aramaic languages	665	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	275	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	50	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	1,010	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,590	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	0
Vietnamese	3,455	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	27,210	0
Bikol	120	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	580	0
Cebuano	1,365	0
Fijian	30	0
Hiligaynon	365	0
Ilocano	1,085	0
Indonesian	90	0
Kankanaey	100	0
Kinaray-a	30	0
Malagasy languages	5	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0
Malay	15	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	290	0
Pangasinan	60	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,680	0
Waray-Waray	105	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	295	0
Creole languages	225	0
Haitian Creole	20	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0
Krio	5	0
Morisyen	90	0
Sango	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Dravidian languages	2,645	0
Kannada	95	0
Malayalam	1,660	0
Tamil	440	0
Telugu	430	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	73,910	30
Albanian	325	0
Armenian	115	0
Balto-Slavic languages	13,790	5
Baltic languages	145	0
Latvian	80	0
Lithuanian	60	0
Slavic languages	13,640	5
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	70	0
Czech	170	0
Macedonian	50	0
Polish	1,335	0
Russian	2,565	0
Rusyn	215	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,080	0
Bosnian	245	0
Croatian	360	0
Serbian	445	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	0
Slovak	65	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	0
Ukrainian	8,030	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Celtic languages	60	0
Irish	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0
Welsh	25	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Germanic languages	21,360	20
Frisian	15	0
High German languages	16,020	10
German	15,875	10
Pennsylvania German	5	0
Swiss German	115	0
Yiddish	20	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,795	10
Afrikaans	1,360	0
Dutch	1,020	0
Low German, n.o.s.	540	0
Low Saxon	60	0
Plautdietsch	1,765	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	0
Scandinavian languages	515	5
Danish	205	0
Icelandic	30	0
Norwegian	195	5
Swedish	90	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Greek	805	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30,330	0
Indo-Aryan languages	27,930	0
Assamese	10	0
Bengali	3,680	0
Gujarati	5,175	0
Hindi	2,395	0
Kacchi	10	0
Kashmiri	20	0
Konkani	30	0
Marathi	175	0
Nepali	745	0
Oriya languages	45	0
Odia	35	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,555	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	140	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	285	0
Urdu	6,510	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	145	0
Iranian languages	2,390	0
Baluchi	70	0
Kurdish	170	0
Parsi	5	0
Pashto	480	0
Persian languages	1,660	0
Dari	390	0
Iranian Persian	1,105	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	165	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,130	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	595	0
Portuguese	875	0
Romanian	735	0
Spanish	4,915	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Japanese	250	0
Korean	1,690	0
Mongolian	45	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,890	0
Akan (Twi)	220	0
Bamanankan	5	0
Edo	25	0
Éwé	40	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0
Ga	20	0
Ganda	45	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	305	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	0
Lingala	40	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	25	0
Ndebele	30	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	0
Shona	105	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0
Swahili	445	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	10	0
Yoruba	835	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	345	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	470	0
Dinka	150	0
Nuer	55	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	230	0
African, n.o.s.	40	0
Sign languages	165	0
American Sign Language	125	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,515	0
Chinese languages	13,470	0
Hakka	25	0
Mandarin	9,150	0
Min Dong	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,765	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	285	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,015	0
Burmese	135	0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	0
Karenic languages	785	0
S'gaw Karen	675	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	105	0
Tibetan	20	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Tai-Kadai languages	420	0
Lao	270	0
Thai	145	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Turkic languages	400	0
Azerbaijani	50	0
Kazakh	5	0
Turkish	295	0
Uyghur	10	0
Uzbek	35	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Uralic languages	1,085	0
Estonian	20	0
Finnish	150	0
Hungarian	910	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Multiple responses	33,575	85
English and French	3,525	15
English and non-official language(s)	27,035	70
French and non-official language(s)	350	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	415	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,250	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,116,045	1,870
English	938,715	1,440
French	2,095	0
Non-official language	41,955	205
Indigenous³⁹	4,235	205
Non-Indigenous	37,720	0
English and French	7,920	15
English and non-official language(s)	118,480	210
French and non-official language(s)	280	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,595	5
Multiple non-official languages	4,005	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,116,045	1,870
Single responses	1,084,685	1,820
Official languages	993,865	1,545
English	990,645	1,545
French	3,215	5
Non-official languages	90,820	275
Indigenous languages³⁹	9,060	275
Algonquian languages	4,890	70
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	4,780	70
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	4,780	70
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	195	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	865	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	455	20
Cree, n.o.s.	3,250	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	110	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	110	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	95	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	4,030	195
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,025	195
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	4,025	195
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	100	10
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	30	0
Assiniboine	10	0
Dakota	15	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	81,760	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,140	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0
Hausa	10	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	680	0
Bilen	85	0
Oromo	85	0
Somali	435	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Semitic languages	4,445	0
Amharic	195	0
Arabic	3,055	0
Aramaic languages	455	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	200	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	20	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	710	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,735	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	0
Vietnamese	2,700	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	16,905	0
Bikol	60	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	315	0
Cebuano	740	0
Fijian	15	0
Hiligaynon	205	0
Ilocano	490	0
Indonesian	20	0
Kankanaey	40	0
Kinaray-a	30	0
Malagasy languages	10	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	155	0
Pangasinan	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,610	0
Waray-Waray	50	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	0
Creole languages	105	0
Haitian Creole	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	50	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Dravidian languages	1,765	0
Kannada	40	0
Malayalam	1,175	0
Tamil	275	0
Telugu	260	0
Tulu	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	40,455	0
Albanian	140	0
Armenian	55	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,420	0
Baltic languages	75	0
Latvian	40	0
Lithuanian	35	0
Slavic languages	4,345	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	40	0
Czech	20	0
Macedonian	30	0
Polish	330	0
Russian	1,575	0
Rusyn	150	0
Serbo-Croatian	465	0
Bosnian	85	0
Croatian	120	0
Serbian	255	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0
Slovak	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0
Ukrainian	1,700	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0
Welsh	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	9,335	0
Frisian	5	0
High German languages	7,845	0
German	7,820	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	25	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,455	0
Afrikaans	875	0
Dutch	110	0
Low German, n.o.s.	190	0
Low Saxon	15	0
Plautdietsch	260	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0
Scandinavian languages	25	0
Danish	5	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	10	0
Swedish	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	370	0
Indo-Iranian languages	22,590	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20,940	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	2,700	0
Gujarati	3,975	0
Hindi	1,670	0
Kacchi	10	0
Kashmiri	5	0
Konkani	5	0
Marathi	95	0
Nepali	540	0
Oriya languages	10	0
Odia	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,955	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	90	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	0
Urdu	4,645	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Iranian languages	1,640	0
Baluchi	45	0
Kurdish	100	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	315	0
Persian languages	1,160	0
Dari	215	0
Iranian Persian	835	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,545	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	125	0
Portuguese	415	0
Romanian	310	0
Spanish	2,685	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	90	0
Korean	1,250	0
Mongolian	20	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,130	0
Akan (Twi)	75	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	5	0
Éwé	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0
Ga	10	0
Ganda	30	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	95	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	0
Lingala	30	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	10	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	0
Shona	35	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0
Swahili	240	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	10	0
Yoruba	300	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	225	0
Dinka	85	0
Nuer	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	115	0
African, n.o.s.	15	0
Sign languages	355	0
American Sign Language	250	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	100	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,010	0
Chinese languages	10,220	0
Hakka	10	0
Mandarin	7,415	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,490	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	780	0
Burmese	95	0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	0
Karenic languages	615	0
S'gaw Karen	530	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Tibetan	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	0
Lao	125	0
Thai	35	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Turkic languages	220	0
Azerbaijani	25	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	180	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	175	0
Estonian	10	0
Finnish	15	0
Hungarian	155	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Multiple responses	31,360	55
English and French	1,325	0
English and non-official language(s)	29,060	55
French and non-official language(s)	130	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	0
Multiple non-official languages	590	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,116,045	1,870
None	1,008,760	1,690
English	39,070	65
French	6,395	15
Non-official language	48,520	90
Indigenous³⁹	10,735	85
Non-Indigenous	37,785	5
English and French	345	0
English and non-official language(s)	6,935	5
French and non-official language(s)	1,155	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	0
Multiple non-official languages	4,795	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,103,200	1,540
Official languages	1,095,170	1,535
English	1,094,790	1,535
French	52,065	75
Non-official languages	209,395	310
Indigenous languages³⁹	35,075	285
Algonquian languages	25,960	190
Blackfoot	10	0
Cree-Innu languages	24,850	190
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	24,850	190
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	20	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	145	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	855	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	6,450	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	2,365	50
Cree, n.o.s.	15,355	110
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,330	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	50	0
Ojibway languages	1,275	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	1,120	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	145	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	8,085	80
Northern Athabaskan languages	8,080	80
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	8,080	80
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	60	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	60	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	10	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	855	20
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	725	0
Assiniboine	185	0
Dakota	395	0
Stoney	25	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	0
Non-Indigenous languages	174,635	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,165	0
Berber languages	10	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	265	0
Hausa	245	0
Mina	25	0
Coptic	15	0
Cushitic languages	1,415	0
Bilen	165	0
Oromo	180	0
Somali	900	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	165	0
Semitic languages	9,850	0
Amharic	855	0
Arabic	7,265	0
Aramaic languages	1,200	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	605	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	540	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	130	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	470	0
Maltese	15	0
Tigrigna	1,365	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,625	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	170	0
Vietnamese	4,440	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20	0
Austronesian languages	37,460	0
Bikol	305	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	915	0
Cebuano	2,180	0
Fijian	90	0
Hiligaynon	605	0
Ilocano	2,500	0
Indonesian	215	0
Kankanaey	205	0
Kinaray-a	45	0
Malagasy languages	30	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	0
Malay	105	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	485	0
Pangasinan	95	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	36,125	0
Waray-Waray	245	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,155	0
Creole languages	950	0
Haitian Creole	45	0
Jamaican English Creole	130	0
Krio	25	0
Morisyen	385	0
Sango	45	0
Creole, n.o.s.	205	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	150	0
Dravidian languages	4,190	0
Kannada	225	0
Malayalam	2,515	0
Tamil	1,120	0
Telugu	845	0
Tulu	20	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	89,555	25
Albanian	380	0
Armenian	90	0
Balto-Slavic languages	17,185	0
Baltic languages	195	0
Latvian	90	0
Lithuanian	95	0
Slavic languages	17,095	0
Belarusian	10	0
Bulgarian	100	0
Czech	190	0
Macedonian	90	0
Polish	1,745	0
Russian	5,305	0
Rusyn	280	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,705	0
Bosnian	400	0
Croatian	745	0
Serbian	965	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	65	0
Slovak	135	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	135	0
Ukrainian	10,795	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Celtic languages	185	0
Irish	65	0
Scottish Gaelic	50	0
Welsh	50	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Germanic languages	18,455	15
Frisian	25	0
High German languages	11,940	10
German	11,815	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	145	0
Yiddish	50	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	6,140	10
Afrikaans	2,175	0
Dutch	1,285	0
Low German, n.o.s.	590	0
Low Saxon	60	0
Plautdietsch	2,015	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	0
Scandinavian languages	955	0
Danish	255	0
Icelandic	25	0
Norwegian	485	0
Swedish	235	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Greek	1,430	0
Indo-Iranian languages	39,895	10
Indo-Aryan languages	37,480	10
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	4,490	0
Gujarati	6,965	10
Hindi	15,740	10
Kacchi	50	0
Kashmiri	55	0
Konkani	60	0
Marathi	520	0
Nepali	1,040	0
Oriya languages	60	0
Odia	25	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,310	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	250	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	405	0
Urdu	10,540	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	345	0
Iranian languages	3,025	0
Baluchi	170	0
Kurdish	225	0
Parsi	20	0
Pashto	745	0
Persian languages	2,045	0
Dari	610	0
Iranian Persian	1,340	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Italic (Romance) languages	14,285	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	1,400	0
Portuguese	1,320	0
Romanian	915	0
Spanish	11,185	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Japanese	1,170	0
Korean	1,870	0
Mongolian	45	0
Niger-Congo languages	7,440	0
Akan (Twi)	515	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	90	0
Éwé	100	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	0
Ga	135	0
Ganda	100	0
Gikuyu	25	0
Igbo	1,200	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	320	0
Lingala	180	0
Luba-Kasai	40	0
Mòoré	25	0
Mwani	70	0
Ndebele	80	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	310	0
Shona	155	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	70	0
Swahili	1,165	0
Wojenaka	20	0
Wolof	40	0
Yoruba	2,865	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	990	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	615	0
Dinka	180	0
Nuer	60	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	375	0
African, n.o.s.	100	0
Sign languages	1,450	0
American Sign Language	1,135	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	370	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,055	0
Chinese languages	15,625	0
Hakka	45	0
Mandarin	11,590	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	275	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5,120	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	360	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,370	0
Burmese	355	0
Kuki-Chin languages	30	0
Karenic languages	1,020	0
S'gaw Karen	890	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	125	0
Tibetan	35	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	100	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Tai-Kadai languages	590	0
Lao	360	0
Thai	290	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Turkic languages	700	0
Azerbaijani	85	0
Kazakh	50	0
Turkish	565	0
Uyghur	35	0
Uzbek	15	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Uralic languages	1,240	0
Estonian	10	0
Finnish	180	0
Hungarian	1,055	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	125	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,103,200	1,535
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	187,885	760
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	184,435	755
First Nations (North American Indian)	121,175	650
Métis	62,800	105
Inuk (Inuit)	460	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	2,030	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	1,425	0
Non-Indigenous identity	915,310	775
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,103,200	1,535
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115,055	640
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	988,145	900
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	449,585	620
Owner	317,655	485
Renter	118,590	135
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	13,335	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	449,585	620
Condominium	49,490	10
Not condominium	400,095	615
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	449,585	620
No bedrooms	1,945	0
1 bedroom	41,900	35
2 bedrooms	103,860	165
3 bedrooms	150,360	280
4 or more bedrooms	151,520	145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	449,585	620
1 to 4 rooms	105,050	140
5 rooms	70,620	125
6 rooms	66,100	135
7 rooms	59,535	85
8 or more rooms	148,270	130
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	449,585	620
One person or fewer per room	438,000	600
More than one person per room	11,580	25
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	449,585	620
Suitable	426,835	580
Not suitable	22,745	45
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	449,585	620
1960 or before	95,405	40
1961 to 1980	147,720	205
1981 to 1990	61,990	115
1991 to 2000	35,005	45
2001 to 2005	18,130	40
2006 to 2010	27,525	70
2011 to 2015	37,840	60
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	25,970	40
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	449,585	620
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	414,215	515
Major repairs needed	35,365	105
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	449,585	620
One-maintainer household	235,175	295
Two-maintainer household	198,995	305
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15,415	20
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	449,585	620
15 to 24 years	17,560	10
25 to 34 years	68,760	55
35 to 44 years	82,625	55
45 to 54 years	72,290	110
55 to 64 years	85,955	150
65 to 74 years	69,235	165
75 to 84 years	37,545	70
85 years and over	15,605	10
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	414,315	625
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	342,875	575
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	71,445	45
30% to less than 100%	65,430	35
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	449,585	620
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	118,475	180
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	63,870	35
Not suitable only	16,865	35
Major repairs needed only	26,900	90
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,370	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	4,960	15
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	3,270	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	0
Acceptable housing	331,105	445
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	408,300	610
In core need	41,895	95
Not in core need	366,405	515
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	298,500	490
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9	28.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	6.2
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	13.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	532
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	932
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	274,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,400	334,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	117,545	135
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.1	18.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	11.1
% in core housing need⁶³	22.1	18.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	680
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,095	720
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,335	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.0	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,103,200	1,535
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	122,375	605
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	118,965	595
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	101,725	560
Métis single ancestry	17,055	40
Inuit single ancestry	185	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	3,410	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	3,335	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	30	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	68,675	160
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	64,995	155
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	32,635	115
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	32,070	40
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	3,680	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,515	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	912,150	770
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,103,200	1,535
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,021,630	1,535
Canadian citizens aged under 18	246,480	300
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	775,150	1,235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	81,575	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,103,200	1,535
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	949,755	1,510
Immigrants⁸¹	137,620	25
Before 1980	12,780	10
1980 to 1990	5,945	0
1991 to 2000	8,390	10
2001 to 2010	29,370	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	81,135	0
2011 to 2015	38,020	0
2016 to 2021	43,120	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15,830	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	137,620	25
Under 5 years	13,370	0
5 to 14 years	26,755	10
15 to 24 years	20,460	0
25 to 44 years	64,955	0
45 years and over	12,070	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	137,620	25
Americas	12,580	10
Brazil	380	0
Colombia	665	0
El Salvador	620	0
Guyana	165	0
Haiti	60	0
Jamaica	1,360	0
Mexico	1,720	0
Peru	160	0
Trinidad and Tobago	200	0
United States of America	5,215	10
Other places of birth in Americas	2,030	0
Europe	21,710	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	500	0
Croatia	415	0
France	310	0
Germany	2,100	0
Greece	500	0
Hungary	325	0
Italy	585	0
Netherlands	965	0
Poland	1,080	0
Portugal	200	0
Romania	660	0
Russian Federation	650	0
Serbia⁸⁶	530	0
Ukraine	3,165	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,785	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,940	0
Africa	16,080	0
Algeria	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	665	0
Egypt	805	0
Eritrea	1,025	0
Ethiopia	775	0
Morocco	190	0
Nigeria	5,030	0
Somalia	485	0
South Africa, Republic of	2,075	0
Other places of birth in Africa	5,010	0
Asia	86,515	0
Afghanistan	465	0
Iran⁸⁸	1,040	0
Iraq	1,440	0
Lebanon	220	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,405	0
Turkey	280	0
China⁹⁰	8,650	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	840	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,110	0
Taiwan	175	0
Philippines	35,960	0
Viet Nam	3,245	0
Bangladesh	3,235	0
India	15,660	0
Pakistan	7,110	0
Sri Lanka	435	0
Other places of birth in Asia	5,245	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	725	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	43,115	0
Americas	2,830	0
Brazil	170	0
Colombia	90	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	560	0
Mexico	560	0
United States of America	990	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	0
Other places of birth in Americas	385	0
Europe	2,695	0
France	65	0
Germany	100	0
Ireland⁹⁶	180	0
Italy	50	0
Russian Federation	100	0
Ukraine	755	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	0
Other places of birth in Europe	855	0
Africa	7,520	0
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	90	0
Cameroon	50	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	290	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	0
Egypt	390	0
Eritrea	595	0
Ethiopia	315	0
Morocco	85	0
Nigeria	3,305	0
Somalia	130	0
South Africa, Republic of	775	0
Sudan⁹⁷	300	0
Tunisia	60	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,110	0
Asia	29,880	0
Afghanistan	140	0
Bangladesh	1,220	0
China⁹⁰	3,690	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	0
India	7,940	0
Iran⁸⁸	335	0
Iraq	305	0
Israel	50	0
Japan	40	0
Jordan	105	0
Korea, South⁹²	275	0
Lebanon	75	0
Nepal	130	0
Pakistan	1,685	0
Philippines	10,460	0
Saudi Arabia	285	0
Sri Lanka	65	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,245	0
Turkey	75	0
United Arab Emirates	195	0
Viet Nam	865	0
Other places of birth in Asia	550	0
Oceania and other⁹³	195	0
Australia	95	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	100	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,103,200	1,540
First generation¹⁰⁰	158,540	35
Second generation¹⁰¹	121,675	135
Third generation or more¹⁰²	822,985	1,365
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	124,835	20
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	88,545	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	34,820	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	53,725	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	21,620	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	14,405	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	265	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	124,835	20
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,885	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20,335	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	4,170	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	7,770	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	600	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	90,090	10
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,103,200	1,535
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	159,365	15
South Asian	44,720	0
Chinese	18,010	0
Black	22,570	0
Filipino	43,755	0
Arab	5,575	0
Latin American	5,680	0
Southeast Asian	8,540	0
West Asian	2,830	0
Korean	1,850	0
Japanese	830	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,275	0
Multiple visible minorities	3,725	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	943,840	1,525
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,103,200	1,540
Canadian	107,095	110
English	219,665	210
Irish	145,415	140
Scottish	175,590	255
French, n.o.s.¹²²	108,355	135
German	272,475	210
Chinese	19,965	0
Italian	10,830	10
Indian (India)	20,755	0
Ukrainian	138,705	95
Dutch	29,410	20
Polish	55,605	40
Québécois	705	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	21,650	15
Filipino	40,160	0
French Canadian	5,465	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	13,375	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	50,770	215
Métis	56,060	95
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	11,985	10
Russian	35,920	40
Norwegian	70,215	90
Welsh	17,605	10
Portuguese	1,760	0
American	12,675	40
Spanish	5,670	0
Swedish	31,965	50
Hungarian	28,495	35
Acadian	935	0
Pakistani	7,640	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,065	0
Jewish	2,420	0
Punjabi	4,115	0
Vietnamese	4,730	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,155	0
Greek	3,075	0
Jamaican	2,225	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	5,860	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	46,340	315
Korean	1,950	0
Romanian	12,415	0
Lebanese	1,240	0
Iranian	1,315	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,145	0
Danish	10,585	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	12,300	25
Sikh	2,530	0
Austrian	17,690	0
Belgian	9,340	10
Haitian	170	0
Hindu	3,220	0
Mexican	2,620	0
Mennonite	11,150	30
Swiss	4,555	10
Finnish	5,180	10
Sri Lankan	465	0
Croatian	2,460	0
Japanese	1,295	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,195	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	680	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,025	0
Muslim	1,780	0
Egyptian	995	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	860	0
Tamil	285	0
Icelandic	8,345	20
Colombian	735	0
Moroccan	220	0
Czech	5,290	0
Syrian	1,140	0
Guyanese	325	0
Afghan	890	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	730	0
Serbian	1,325	0
Ojibway	2,060	0
Newfoundlander	555	0
Hong Konger	350	0
Ontarian	425	0
Persian	510	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	385	0
Turkish	695	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	690	0
Bangladeshi	3,230	0
Algerian	45	0
Brazilian	755	0
Nigerian	2,845	0
Armenian	270	0
Slovak	1,525	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,605	0
Somali	870	0
Taiwanese	250	0
Iraqi	1,250	0
Salvadorean	735	0
African Caribbean	315	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,285	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	645	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	275	0
Algonquin	320	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	140	0
Lithuanian	895	0
South African	1,895	0
Australian	980	0
Palestinian	120	0
Chilean	1,035	0
Congolese	640	0
Nova Scotian	200	0
Ethiopian	690	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	505	0
Peruvian	260	0
Yoruba	2,725	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	310	0
Berber	60	0
Albanian	405	0
Maltese	215	0
Macedonian	95	0
Slovenian	490	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	615	0
New Brunswicker	150	0
Gujarati	1,065	0
Eritrean	1,235	0
African Canadian	315	0
Israeli	175	0
Mohawk	365	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	2,210	0
Bulgarian	265	0
Albertan	270	0
Ghanaian	555	0
Barbadian	195	0
African American	840	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	745	0
Tunisian	65	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	580	0
Cuban	210	0
Bosnian	535	0
Venezuelan	160	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	0
Latvian	400	0
Bengali	895	0
Cameroonian	230	0
Guatemalan	295	0
Indonesian	355	0
Laotian	660	0
Ilocano	1,105	0
Northern Irish	405	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	435	0
British Columbian	155	0
Ecuadorian	225	0
Franco Ontarian	20	0
Argentinian	130	0
Estonian	285	0
Kurdish	155	0
Fijian	150	0
Jatt	290	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	325	0
Coptic	80	0
Thai	595	0
Dominican	160	0
Nepali	775	0
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	250	0
Igbo	1,170	0
Byelorussian	190	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	6,775	100
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	430	0
Abenaki	20	0
Moldovan	400	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	210	0
New Zealander	420	0
Sudanese	720	0
Breton	60	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	755	0
Malaysian	115	0
Plains Cree	9,465	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	75	0
Huron (Wendat)	50	0
Saskatchewanian	6,020	0
Buddhist	80	0
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	90	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	220	0
Ivorian	50	0
Saulteaux	6,970	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	515	0
Burundian	265	0
Tigrinya	445	0
Nicaraguan	250	0
Mauritian	290	0
Kenyan	295	0
Oji-Cree	75	0
Vincentian	30	0
Jordanian	85	0
Manitoban	340	0
Cape Bretoner	90	0
Rwandan	210	0
Grenadian	20	0
Malayali	340	0
Chaldean	455	0
Sinhalese	175	0
Mayan	100	0
Honduran	80	0
Cherokee	560	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0
Indo-Caribbean	20	0
Flemish	440	0
United Empire Loyalist	35	0
Senegalese	65	0
Azerbaijani	70	0
Sicilian	30	0
Pashtun	155	0
Malay	280	0
Goan	20	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	75	0
Tibetan	85	0
Zimbabwean	225	0
Burmese	435	0
Mongolian	205	0
Azorean	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	190	0
Oromo	195	0
Tanzanian	70	0
Yemeni	25	0
Central African	75	0
Libyan	125	0
Basque	65	0
Uruguayan	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	160	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	80	0
Igorot	715	0
Fulani	35	0
Woodland Cree	4,420	25
Guinean	30	0
St. Lucian	30	0
Prince Edward Islander	25	0
Maliseet	30	0
Beninese	20	0
Telugu	100	0
Roma	220	0
Costa Rican	55	0
African Nova Scotian	15	0
Malagasy	50	0
Kashmiri	110	0
Singaporean	65	0
Karen	925	0
Edo	140	0
Tajik	50	0
Amhara	75	0
Paraguayan	120	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,103,205	1,535
Buddhist	4,410	0
Christian	621,250	1,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	93,135	50
Anabaptist	11,620	10
Anglican	36,415	310
Baptist	12,150	35
Catholic	265,530	375
Christian Orthodox	13,320	10
Jehovah's Witness	4,530	0
Latter Day Saints	2,060	0
Lutheran	46,980	40
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,275	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	15,255	0
Presbyterian	4,155	10
Reformed	625	0
United Church	81,465	120
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	31,740	40
Hindu	14,150	0
Jewish	1,105	0
Muslim	25,455	0
Sikh	9,040	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	16,300	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	7,540	0
No religion and secular perspectives	403,960	510
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,090,215	1,515
Non-movers	952,690	1,390
Movers	137,525	130
Non-migrants	87,445	70
Migrants	50,080	55
Internal migrants	43,570	55
Intraprovincial migrants	31,135	25
Interprovincial migrants	12,435	25
External migrants	6,510	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,034,525	1,435
Non-movers	640,040	720
Movers	394,480	715
Non-migrants	180,065	95
Migrants	214,415	615
Internal migrants	172,905	615
Intraprovincial migrants	134,460	505
Interprovincial migrants	38,445	105
External migrants	41,505	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	882,760	1,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	177,330	430
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	705,430	845
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	566,615	740
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70,485	215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	496,130	530
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	882,760	1,270
No certificate, diploma or degree	159,815	395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	284,345	310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,600	570
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	257,350	360
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	84,485	120
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	32,710	55
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	51,775	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	143,610	200
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,260	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	181,255	210
Bachelor's degree	130,060	140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,890	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,205	0
Master's degree	31,315	60
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,790	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	566,615	735
No certificate, diploma or degree	61,380	195
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	171,565	185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	333,670	365
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	187,510	245
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	61,810	85
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	23,150	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	38,660	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	106,680	135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,025	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	146,160	115
Bachelor's degree	103,950	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,745	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,300	10
Master's degree	26,715	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,455	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	882,760	1,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	444,160	705
Education	41,855	105
13. Education	41,855	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,250	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,135	0
50. Visual and performing arts	7,115	10
Humanities	16,710	40
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,080	0
23. English language and literature/letters	3,555	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,575	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	315	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,355	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,520	15
54. History	2,015	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	33,210	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	830	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,930	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,185	0
22. Legal professions and studies	5,120	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	590	0
42. Psychology	6,215	15
45. Social sciences	10,330	10
Business, management and public administration	92,220	105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,905	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	82,150	90
Physical and life sciences and technologies	13,015	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,320	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,960	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	0
40. Physical sciences	3,390	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,195	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,360	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,735	0
25. Library science	950	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,435	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	235	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	94,645	135
04. Architecture and related services	1,710	0
14. Engineering	15,975	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,400	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,630	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	21,790	40
48. Precision production	12,130	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	18,995	25
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15,775	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,220	15
Health and related fields	77,105	85
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,765	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	70,660	80
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,535	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,170	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	17,195	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	0
43. Security and protective services	5,415	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,425	10
Other¹⁷⁹	70	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	566,615	740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	232,940	380
Education	27,555	55
13. Education	27,555	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,520	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	775	0
50. Visual and performing arts	5,740	10
Humanities	12,145	40
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	825	0
23. English language and literature/letters	2,665	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,815	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	220	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,010	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,930	15
54. History	1,490	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	26,915	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	725	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,545	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,850	10
22. Legal professions and studies	4,075	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	460	0
42. Psychology	4,770	10
45. Social sciences	8,490	0
Business, management and public administration	72,350	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,740	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	64,470	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,095	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,900	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,530	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	0
40. Physical sciences	2,740	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	795	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,025	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,205	0
25. Library science	655	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	980	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	190	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	72,215	90
04. Architecture and related services	1,350	0
14. Engineering	13,255	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	14,385	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,380	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,630	25
48. Precision production	9,210	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,555	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	11,965	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,590	10
Health and related fields	57,430	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,605	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	52,460	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	100	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,265	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,820	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,955	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	0
43. Security and protective services	4,425	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,360	10
Other¹⁷⁹	45	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	566,615	740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	232,940	380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	333,675	360
Location of study inside Canada	277,810	355
Same as province or territory of residence	221,390	255
Different than province or territory of residence	56,420	95
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55,865	10
Americas	7,105	0
United States of America	5,385	0
Mexico	285	0
Cuba	55	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	320	0
Brazil	320	0
Colombia	205	0
Peru	50	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	60	0
Other locations of study in Americas	430	0
Europe	7,140	0
Belgium	55	0
France	180	0
Germany	555	0
Netherlands	220	0
Switzerland	80	0
Hungary	80	0
Moldova¹⁸³	105	0
Poland	200	0
Romania	155	0
Russian Federation	285	0
Ukraine	1,700	0
Ireland⁹⁶	350	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,180	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	0
Italy	45	0
Serbia⁸⁶	125	0
Other locations of study in Europe	705	0
Africa	4,770	0
Nigeria	2,085	0
Algeria	10	0
Morocco	90	0
Tunisia	50	0
Egypt	385	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,035	0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,115	0
Asia	36,065	10
Iran⁸⁸	545	0
Iraq	170	0
Israel	90	0
Lebanon	40	0
Syria⁸⁹	140	0
Turkey	70	0
China⁹⁰	3,445	0
Taiwan	75	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	0
Japan	145	0
Korea, South⁹²	595	0
Philippines	15,730	0
Viet Nam	655	0
Bangladesh	1,510	0
Sri Lanka	145	0
India	9,290	10
Pakistan	2,595	0
Other locations of study in Asia	735	0
Oceania	780	0
Australia	645	0
New Zealand	125	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	882,760	1,270
In the labour force	577,510	585
Employed	528,900	515
Unemployed	48,605	70
Not in the labour force	305,250	685
Participation rate	65.4	46.1
Employment rate	59.9	40.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	882,760	1,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	312,775	670
Worked	569,980	605
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	313,995	360
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	255,980	245
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	577,505	590
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,000	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	563,505	565
Employee	469,850	475
Permanent position	383,850	395
Temporary position	86,000	80
Fixed term (1 year or more)	24,010	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	61,985	60
Self-employed¹⁹²	93,655	90
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	577,505	590
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,000	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	563,505	565
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	5,305	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	82,325	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30,545	10
3 Health occupations	49,765	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	71,380	105
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	11,145	0
6 Sales and service occupations	133,655	125
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,470	135
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	54,755	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,165	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	577,505	590
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,000	25
All industries¹⁹¹	563,505	565
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	48,750	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	18,555	55
22 Utilities	5,855	0
23 Construction	44,130	40
31-33 Manufacturing	26,200	10
41 Wholesale trade	19,815	15
44-45 Retail trade	61,480	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,225	35
51 Information and cultural industries	8,130	0
52 Finance and insurance	19,600	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,195	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,670	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	785	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	17,545	20
61 Educational services	46,205	90
62 Health care and social assistance	80,465	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,150	15
72 Accommodation and food services	32,705	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,825	25
91 Public administration	39,210	60
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	615,785	665
English	597,140	595
French	1,205	0
Non-official language	2,200	0
Indigenous³⁹	250	0
Non-Indigenous	1,950	0
English and French	3,715	10
English and non-official language(s)	11,275	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	0
Multiple non-official languages	70	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	615,785	665
Single responses	613,080	645
Official languages	608,585	630
English	606,550	630
French	2,035	10
Non-official languages	4,495	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,140	10
Algonquian languages	735	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	720	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	720	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	105	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	0
Cree, n.o.s.	520	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	370	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	370	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	370	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	25	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	10	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,360	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	40	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	30	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	360	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	20	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,000	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	95	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	45	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	55	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	225	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	105	0
German	95	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	80	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	30	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	455	0
Indo-Aryan languages	400	0
Bengali	25	0
Gujarati	40	0
Hindi	35	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	55	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	60	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	60	0
Dari	10	0
Iranian Persian	50	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	15	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	175	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	75	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	50	0
American Sign Language	45	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,565	0
Chinese languages	1,505	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	1,125	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	345	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	0
Burmese	10	0
Karenic languages	50	0
S'gaw Karen	50	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	2,710	20
English and French	390	0
English and non-official language(s)	2,290	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	615,785	665
None	603,050	620
English	2,935	15
French	2,530	0
Non-official language	6,265	25
Indigenous³⁹	2,130	25
Non-Indigenous	4,140	0
English and French	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	120	0
French and non-official language(s)	130	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	750	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	528,900	515
Worked at home	97,525	70
Worked outside Canada	755	0
No fixed workplace address	71,095	85
Usual place of work	359,530	365
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	359,530	365
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	245,520	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	78,380	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	26,900	40
Commute to a different province or territory	8,735	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	430,625	450
Car, truck or van	389,035	380
Car, truck or van - as a driver	364,190	350
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	24,850	30
Public transit	7,935	0
Walked	22,105	30
Bicycle	3,045	0
Other method	8,505	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	430,625	450
Less than 15 minutes	202,860	210
15 to 29 minutes	152,070	125
30 to 44 minutes	42,705	50
45 to 59 minutes	14,775	10
60 minutes and over	18,210	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	430,625	450
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25,595	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	74,470	60
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	132,035	125
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	94,680	140
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	46,065	75
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	57,780	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	266,595	455
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,535	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	251,060	430
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	192,900	315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,720	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,000	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,720	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	181,180	310

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table