Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Commuting
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Education
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
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Income of individuals in 2019
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Indigenous peoples
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Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic AlbertaMore information:

[Province]
Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 3,894,690 1,960,785 1,933,905 92.3 93.0 91.5
French only 3,105 1,330 1,780 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 258,330 119,725 138,605 6.1 5.7 6.6
Neither English nor French 65,705 26,945 38,760 1.6 1.3 1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 4,078,135 2,042,220 2,035,915 96.6 96.8 96.3
French 64,440 32,960 31,485 1.5 1.6 1.5
English and French 15,525 7,680 7,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Neither English nor French 63,735 25,925 37,810 1.5 1.2 1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 4,055,375 2,028,210 2,027,165 96.1 96.2 95.9
Official languages 3,148,690 1,591,780 1,556,910 74.6 75.5 73.7
English 3,083,840 1,558,570 1,525,265 73.0 73.9 72.2
French 64,855 33,210 31,645 1.5 1.6 1.5
Non-official languages 906,680 436,430 470,250 21.5 20.7 22.3
Indigenous languages39 17,200 8,165 9,035 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 15,155 7,265 7,890 0.4 0.3 0.4
Blackfoot 2,470 1,160 1,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree-Innu languages 12,290 5,920 6,370 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 12,290 5,920 6,365 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 1,590 705 890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 1,305 650 655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 9,255 4,495 4,760 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 385 180 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 1,345 610 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 1,335 605 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 1,075 495 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 150 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 105 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 145 40 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 445 205 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 360 175 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 889,485 428,270 461,215 21.1 20.3 21.8
Afro-Asiatic languages 82,270 42,330 39,935 1.9 2.0 1.9
Berber languages 335 185 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 220 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 95 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 14,995 7,485 7,515 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bilen 650 345 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 3,485 1,780 1,705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 10,750 5,280 5,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 66,720 34,555 32,165 1.6 1.6 1.5
Amharic 8,165 3,925 4,245 0.2 0.2 0.2
Arabic 46,425 24,385 22,045 1.1 1.2 1.0
Aramaic languages 835 405 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 445 225 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 215 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 885 455 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 10,065 5,210 4,855 0.2 0.2 0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 80 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 25,655 11,520 14,135 0.6 0.5 0.7
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,775 800 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 23,705 10,615 13,090 0.6 0.5 0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 175 100 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 131,755 58,110 73,640 3.1 2.8 3.5
Bikol 535 235 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 2,265 985 1,285 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cebuano 5,210 2,300 2,910 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 2,370 1,005 1,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 7,440 3,325 4,110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indonesian 1,275 510 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 370 155 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 165 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 270 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,275 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 515 235 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 108,395 47,810 60,590 2.6 2.3 2.9
Waray-Waray 415 195 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,075 475 605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 1,745 875 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 455 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 420 215 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 17,170 8,845 8,330 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kannada 585 295 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 8,785 4,450 4,330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 4,950 2,610 2,340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 2,715 1,425 1,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 454,815 224,310 230,505 10.8 10.6 10.9
Albanian 2,345 1,250 1,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 70,185 32,420 37,760 1.7 1.5 1.8
Baltic languages 885 405 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 365 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 515 240 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 69,305 32,020 37,285 1.6 1.5 1.8
Belarusian 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 1,300 640 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 2,700 1,265 1,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 365 185 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 17,540 8,130 9,410 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 17,735 7,850 9,890 0.4 0.4 0.5
Rusyn 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 10,350 5,085 5,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 1,860 905 960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 4,260 2,105 2,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 4,040 1,975 2,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 1,865 910 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 555 245 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 16,750 7,630 9,125 0.4 0.4 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 295 165 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 75 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 50 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 145 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 93,145 45,830 47,320 2.2 2.2 2.2
Frisian 250 145 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 60,990 29,660 31,325 1.4 1.4 1.5
German 59,835 29,055 30,775 1.4 1.4 1.5
Pennsylvania German 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,045 550 495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 90 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 28,670 14,425 14,245 0.7 0.7 0.7
Afrikaans 3,150 1,555 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 13,140 6,605 6,535 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 3,060 1,545 1,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon 260 145 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 8,815 4,455 4,355 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vlaams (Flemish) 245 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 3,155 1,540 1,615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 1,850 945 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 525 245 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 680 310 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 85 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 2,820 1,430 1,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 197,415 100,095 97,320 4.7 4.7 4.6
Indo-Aryan languages 176,130 89,315 86,820 4.2 4.2 4.1
Assamese 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 7,735 3,900 3,835 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 15,330 7,920 7,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 18,815 9,525 9,285 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kacchi 1,625 720 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 345 170 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,910 970 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5,900 3,035 2,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 185 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 91,070 46,205 44,870 2.2 2.2 2.1
Rohingya 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 685 345 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 2,700 1,380 1,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 28,635 14,425 14,210 0.7 0.7 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 945 495 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 21,225 10,750 10,470 0.5 0.5 0.5
Baluchi 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 2,010 1,035 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 2,960 1,505 1,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 16,065 8,115 7,955 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dari 5,005 2,490 2,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 9,030 4,585 4,445 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 2,035 1,040 995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 88,045 42,845 45,205 2.1 2.0 2.1
Catalan 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 9,505 4,745 4,755 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 9,910 4,750 5,165 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 7,425 3,635 3,790 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 61,090 29,655 31,435 1.4 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 4,575 1,550 3,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 19,240 8,935 10,305 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 565 255 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 16,500 8,265 8,235 0.4 0.4 0.4
Akan (Twi) 1,660 855 800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 245 125 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 225 125 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 190 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 315 160 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 1,380 725 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,135 550 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 205 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 200 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 390 190 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 655 305 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 1,105 530 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 150 50 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 2,455 1,165 1,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 265 145 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 3,205 1,710 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,265 1,090 1,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 2,450 1,275 1,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dinka 1,040 575 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 625 290 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 650 340 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 695 370 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 140 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 118,025 54,995 63,030 2.8 2.6 3.0
Chinese languages 115,870 53,935 61,940 2.7 2.6 2.9
Hakka 880 405 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 54,135 25,165 28,970 1.3 1.2 1.4
Min Dong 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,400 1,040 1,360 0.1 0.0 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 215 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 56,280 26,280 30,005 1.3 1.2 1.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,605 760 845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 2,055 1,015 1,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 415 205 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 725 365 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 585 290 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 670 335 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 3,040 1,110 1,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 950 460 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 2,010 620 1,390 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 4,335 2,360 1,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 440 235 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 3,290 1,825 1,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 240 130 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 145 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 6,120 2,890 3,230 0.1 0.1 0.2
Estonian 165 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 700 285 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 5,255 2,530 2,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 170 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 166,455 80,575 85,890 3.9 3.8 4.1
English and French 17,600 8,520 9,085 0.4 0.4 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 131,195 63,735 67,465 3.1 3.0 3.2
French and non-official language(s) 3,125 1,535 1,590 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 2,425 1,160 1,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 12,105 5,625 6,480 0.3 0.3 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 3,183,975 1,606,395 1,577,580 75.4 76.2 74.7
French 15,490 7,660 7,835 0.4 0.4 0.4
Non-official language 272,985 131,515 141,475 6.5 6.2 6.7
Indigenous39 3,700 1,890 1,805 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 269,280 129,620 139,665 6.4 6.1 6.6
English and French 41,100 19,580 21,515 1.0 0.9 1.0
English and non-official language(s) 664,935 323,185 341,750 15.7 15.3 16.2
French and non-official language(s) 1,590 725 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 17,280 8,175 9,105 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 24,475 11,545 12,930 0.6 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 4,054,960 2,027,555 2,027,400 96.0 96.1 95.9
Official languages 3,504,300 1,758,870 1,745,425 83.0 83.4 82.6
English 3,481,545 1,747,645 1,733,895 82.5 82.9 82.1
French 22,755 11,225 11,530 0.5 0.5 0.5
Non-official languages 550,665 268,690 281,975 13.0 12.7 13.3
Indigenous languages39 7,175 3,615 3,565 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 6,355 3,210 3,140 0.2 0.2 0.1
Blackfoot 965 490 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 5,290 2,670 2,615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 5,290 2,670 2,615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 475 235 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 290 150 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 4,510 2,275 2,230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 685 345 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 680 340 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 585 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 543,490 265,075 278,415 12.9 12.6 13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 52,375 26,290 26,085 1.2 1.2 1.2
Berber languages 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 10,170 5,010 5,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 490 255 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 2,580 1,305 1,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 7,045 3,425 3,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 41,920 21,120 20,800 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 5,025 2,385 2,635 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 28,040 14,195 13,840 0.7 0.7 0.7
Aramaic languages 630 310 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 310 155 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 190 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 140 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 415 215 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 7,600 3,905 3,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 17,075 7,795 9,285 0.4 0.4 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 975 430 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 15,945 7,280 8,670 0.4 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 155 90 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 82,190 38,845 43,345 1.9 1.8 2.1
Bikol 200 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,250 595 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 2,990 1,435 1,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 1,290 610 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 4,450 2,075 2,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 435 215 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 210 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 700 330 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 69,570 32,865 36,705 1.6 1.6 1.7
Waray-Waray 205 100 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 500 245 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 1,010 485 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 235 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 110 45 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 11,840 5,985 5,855 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kannada 305 150 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 6,270 3,150 3,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 3,480 1,790 1,690 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 1,705 860 845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 130 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 265,460 131,850 133,610 6.3 6.3 6.3
Albanian 1,040 550 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 245 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 28,760 13,815 14,945 0.7 0.7 0.7
Baltic languages 345 175 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 28,415 13,640 14,775 0.7 0.6 0.7
Belarusian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 595 290 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 765 365 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 180 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 6,810 3,230 3,575 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 10,885 5,205 5,680 0.3 0.2 0.3
Rusyn 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 4,370 2,105 2,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 750 360 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 1,525 740 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 2,055 990 1,065 0.0 0.0 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 4,080 1,990 2,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 40,925 20,195 20,730 1.0 1.0 1.0
Frisian 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 29,275 14,360 14,920 0.7 0.7 0.7
German 29,025 14,235 14,790 0.7 0.7 0.7
Pennsylvania German 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 11,310 5,675 5,630 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afrikaans 1,720 850 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 1,520 725 800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 2,280 1,170 1,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5,620 2,850 2,770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 935 430 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 146,225 73,640 72,580 3.5 3.5 3.4
Indo-Aryan languages 132,370 66,780 65,590 3.1 3.2 3.1
Assamese 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 5,085 2,505 2,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 10,620 5,435 5,185 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 12,295 6,225 6,075 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kacchi 830 345 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 130 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,145 570 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 4,280 2,200 2,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 75,180 38,085 37,090 1.8 1.8 1.8
Rohingya 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 405 205 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,595 790 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 20,080 9,990 10,085 0.5 0.5 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 520 255 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 13,835 6,850 6,980 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 1,310 655 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,920 960 960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 10,495 5,190 5,310 0.2 0.2 0.3
Dari 2,990 1,435 1,560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 6,150 3,065 3,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,360 690 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 47,235 23,055 24,180 1.1 1.1 1.1
Catalan 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,140 915 1,220 0.1 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 4,585 2,230 2,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 3,525 1,745 1,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 36,925 18,135 18,790 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 2,195 920 1,275 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 14,510 6,915 7,590 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 360 165 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 6,470 3,055 3,415 0.2 0.1 0.2
Akan (Twi) 750 370 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 445 215 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 565 255 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 140 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 330 160 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 375 180 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,100 505 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 175 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 1,175 565 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 670 300 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,265 640 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 560 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 400 185 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 280 135 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 1,325 765 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 1,065 610 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 255 150 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 81,325 38,350 42,970 1.9 1.8 2.0
Chinese languages 79,775 37,570 42,200 1.9 1.8 2.0
Hakka 310 125 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 40,005 19,245 20,765 0.9 0.9 1.0
Min Dong 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 985 405 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 265 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 37,205 17,195 20,010 0.9 0.8 0.9
Chinese, n.o.s. 965 455 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,505 765 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 250 125 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 565 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 510 265 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,410 655 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 430 205 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 930 430 495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 2,685 1,405 1,285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 2,180 1,145 1,035 0.1 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,805 860 945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 110 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,675 795 880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 166,875 81,225 85,650 4.0 3.9 4.1
English and French 8,010 3,875 4,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 152,980 74,600 78,375 3.6 3.5 3.7
French and non-official language(s) 770 345 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,755 845 915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 3,355 1,560 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 3,610,710 1,812,855 1,797,850 85.5 86.0 85.1
English 224,860 111,370 113,495 5.3 5.3 5.4
French 30,900 14,530 16,375 0.7 0.7 0.8
Non-official language 279,795 133,050 146,750 6.6 6.3 6.9
Indigenous39 10,470 4,835 5,630 0.2 0.2 0.3
Non-Indigenous 269,325 128,210 141,115 6.4 6.1 6.7
English and French 2,825 1,370 1,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 34,750 17,340 17,410 0.8 0.8 0.8
French and non-official language(s) 7,875 3,655 4,220 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 565 295 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 29,550 14,325 15,225 0.7 0.7 0.7
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 4,177,720 2,088,235 2,089,485 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 4,113,035 2,061,660 2,051,375 98.5 98.7 98.2
English 4,109,720 2,060,230 2,049,495 98.4 98.7 98.1
French 260,415 119,860 140,560 6.2 5.7 6.7
Non-official languages 1,215,795 587,465 628,325 29.1 28.1 30.1
Indigenous languages39 32,910 15,640 17,275 0.8 0.7 0.8
Algonquian languages 29,220 13,945 15,275 0.7 0.7 0.7
Blackfoot 6,605 3,085 3,515 0.2 0.1 0.2
Cree-Innu languages 22,000 10,590 11,410 0.5 0.5 0.5
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 21,980 10,585 11,395 0.5 0.5 0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 150 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 4,265 1,840 2,425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 2,155 1,060 1,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree, n.o.s. 15,405 7,600 7,800 0.4 0.4 0.4
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 1,050 480 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 1,020 470 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 635 290 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 320 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 2,510 1,145 1,365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 2,490 1,140 1,350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 1,760 840 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 395 165 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 285 120 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 170 70 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 180 60 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 160 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 20 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 1,155 580 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 200 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 890 455 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 105 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,183,510 572,060 611,450 28.3 27.4 29.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 123,440 63,820 59,620 3.0 3.1 2.9
Berber languages 630 370 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 425 215 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 180 135 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 55 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 845 500 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 810 470 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 20,915 10,520 10,385 0.5 0.5 0.5
Bilen 810 415 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 5,390 2,775 2,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 14,865 7,395 7,475 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 105,580 54,910 50,670 2.5 2.6 2.4
Amharic 15,775 8,070 7,700 0.4 0.4 0.4
Arabic 76,760 40,430 36,335 1.8 1.9 1.7
Aramaic languages 1,125 625 495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 470 260 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 435 255 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 235 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 365 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 3,710 1,935 1,770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 15,380 7,855 7,515 0.4 0.4 0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 420 285 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 35,940 16,645 19,295 0.9 0.8 0.9
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,685 1,275 1,410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 33,020 15,240 17,785 0.8 0.7 0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 390 225 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 181,630 80,370 101,260 4.3 3.8 4.8
Bikol 1,140 605 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 3,010 1,285 1,720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 8,560 3,850 4,710 0.2 0.2 0.2
Fijian 330 170 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 3,750 1,590 2,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 13,710 5,825 7,885 0.3 0.3 0.4
Indonesian 2,410 1,045 1,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 615 230 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 175 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 1,705 805 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 2,670 1,210 1,465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 1,215 560 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 172,625 76,255 96,375 4.1 3.7 4.6
Waray-Waray 1,015 460 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5,045 2,295 2,750 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 5,360 2,730 2,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 1,435 765 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 480 210 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 530 260 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 855 425 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 1,250 670 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,160 580 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 25,790 13,240 12,545 0.6 0.6 0.6
Kannada 1,785 915 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 12,090 6,195 5,890 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 10,105 5,340 4,760 0.2 0.3 0.2
Telugu 5,040 2,575 2,465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 160 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 315 175 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 607,625 300,360 307,265 14.5 14.4 14.7
Albanian 3,130 1,730 1,405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 795 440 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 88,305 41,660 46,640 2.1 2.0 2.2
Baltic languages 975 425 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 330 130 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 650 300 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 87,775 41,425 46,350 2.1 2.0 2.2
Belarusian 280 120 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 1,680 800 880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 3,880 1,930 1,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 635 295 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 22,385 10,655 11,730 0.5 0.5 0.6
Russian 29,760 14,030 15,725 0.7 0.7 0.8
Rusyn 40 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 13,860 6,820 7,035 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 3,470 1,675 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 6,945 3,440 3,510 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 6,415 3,155 3,260 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 260 115 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 2,540 1,165 1,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 770 335 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 23,340 10,625 12,715 0.6 0.5 0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 1,175 565 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 535 260 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 335 170 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 107,065 53,150 53,915 2.6 2.5 2.6
Frisian 385 175 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 66,405 33,105 33,300 1.6 1.6 1.6
German 65,370 32,550 32,820 1.6 1.6 1.6
Pennsylvania German 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,585 785 800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 215 135 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 38,720 19,390 19,320 0.9 0.9 0.9
Afrikaans 5,940 3,005 2,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 17,170 8,515 8,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 4,055 2,030 2,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon 290 150 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 11,395 5,810 5,590 0.3 0.3 0.3
Vlaams (Flemish) 370 180 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5,305 2,545 2,760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 2,525 1,295 1,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 135 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 1,235 555 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 1,620 760 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 4,645 2,365 2,280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 266,095 135,440 130,660 6.4 6.5 6.3
Indo-Aryan languages 242,500 123,495 119,005 5.8 5.9 5.7
Assamese 190 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 10,675 5,385 5,285 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 24,780 12,630 12,150 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hindi 94,015 48,065 45,945 2.3 2.3 2.2
Kacchi 3,495 1,550 1,945 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kashmiri 335 160 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 860 430 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 4,030 2,080 1,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 6,995 3,620 3,370 0.2 0.2 0.2
Oriya languages 245 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 126,385 64,695 61,690 3.0 3.1 3.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 1,380 755 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 3,960 1,950 2,010 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 51,540 26,420 25,125 1.2 1.3 1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 2,125 1,155 970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Iranian languages 27,205 13,830 13,380 0.7 0.7 0.6
Baluchi 95 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 2,510 1,335 1,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 4,550 2,335 2,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 20,940 10,630 10,310 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 7,385 3,640 3,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 11,130 5,755 5,370 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 2,710 1,390 1,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 315 185 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 154,035 74,195 79,845 3.7 3.6 3.8
Catalan 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 19,480 9,525 9,960 0.5 0.5 0.5
Portuguese 14,645 7,290 7,355 0.4 0.3 0.4
Romanian 9,765 4,930 4,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 116,070 55,430 60,640 2.8 2.7 2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 455 270 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 300 135 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10,925 4,845 6,080 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 23,030 10,705 12,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 790 355 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 41,335 20,960 20,375 1.0 1.0 1.0
Akan (Twi) 3,555 1,805 1,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 130 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 735 400 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 490 265 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 475 270 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 515 265 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 730 350 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 420 205 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 4,685 2,390 2,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,955 1,010 945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 1,555 790 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 205 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 330 180 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 950 465 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,305 675 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 2,160 1,035 1,130 0.1 0.0 0.1
Soninke 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 320 140 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 9,495 5,040 4,455 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 145 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 730 400 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10,490 5,265 5,220 0.3 0.3 0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 6,385 3,160 3,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages 3,615 1,890 1,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dinka 1,595 850 740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 745 355 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1,285 695 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 440 240 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 6,525 2,455 4,070 0.2 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 5,685 2,100 3,585 0.1 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 970 415 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 144,545 68,355 76,190 3.5 3.3 3.6
Chinese languages 141,465 66,830 74,635 3.4 3.2 3.6
Hakka 1,450 630 820 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 82,095 38,175 43,915 2.0 1.8 2.1
Min Dong 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 4,250 1,825 2,425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 615 280 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 74,960 35,260 39,700 1.8 1.7 1.9
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,795 860 930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 3,035 1,510 1,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 895 450 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 160 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 1,095 555 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 970 485 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 825 435 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 325 135 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 240 75 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 4,335 1,770 2,565 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 1,515 755 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 3,030 1,125 1,905 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 220 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 7,450 4,015 3,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 950 500 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5,830 3,285 2,540 0.1 0.2 0.1
Uyghur 205 80 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 435 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 260 110 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 7,950 3,810 4,140 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 245 105 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 1,020 480 540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 6,700 3,235 3,465 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 1,135 630 505 0.0 0.0 0.0

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

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