Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove	Bella Coola, Unincorporated place (UNP)More information: British Columbia [Designated place] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,000,879	162
Population, 2016¹	4,648,055	148
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.6	9.5
Total private dwellings²	2,211,694	85
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,041,834	67
Population density per square kilometre	5.4	82.6
Land area in square kilometres	920,686.55	1.96
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,000,880	160
0 to 14 years	716,900	20
0 to 4 years	216,825	0
5 to 9 years	244,290	10
10 to 14 years	255,790	10
15 to 64 years	3,267,620	95
15 to 19 years	253,690	15
20 to 24 years	294,650	5
25 to 29 years	337,090	10
30 to 34 years	358,585	5
35 to 39 years	353,350	5
40 to 44 years	319,740	10
45 to 49 years	310,035	15
50 to 54 years	329,005	10
55 to 59 years	356,345	10
60 to 64 years	355,130	10
65 years and over	1,016,365	45
65 to 69 years	319,405	15
70 to 74 years	272,365	15
75 to 79 years	181,075	10
80 to 84 years	121,055	5
85 years and over	122,465	5
85 to 89 years	74,315	0
90 to 94 years	36,840	5
95 to 99 years	9,790	0
100 years and over	1,515	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	12.5
15 to 64 years	65.3	59.4
65 years and over	20.3	28.1
85 years and over	2.4	3.1
Average age of the population	43.1	46.2
Median age of the population	42.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,041,835	70
Single-detached house	866,340	40
Semi-detached house	62,890	0
Row house	168,590	0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	249,835	0
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	417,475	20
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	221,845	0
Other single-attached house	3,760	0
Movable dwelling⁴	51,100	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,041,835	65
1 person	600,705	35
2 persons	719,865	20
3 persons	296,200	10
4 persons	256,700	5
5 or more persons	168,355	5
Number of persons in private households	4,915,945	130
Average household size	2.4	1.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,283,980	140
Married or living common-law	2,464,130	60
Married	2,036,165	40
Living common-law	427,970	20
Living common law - Never married	313,560	15
Living common law - Separated	17,220	0
Living common law - Divorced	87,370	5
Living common law - Widowed	9,815	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,819,845	80
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,202,625	50
Not married and not living common law - Separated	110,710	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	283,035	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	223,475	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,399,405	25
2 persons	763,875	15
3 persons	290,335	5
4 persons	255,295	5
5 or more persons	89,900	0
Average size of census families	2.8	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	2.2
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,399,405	30
Total couple families	1,190,930	25
Married couples	977,010	15
With children⁶	496,240	10
Without children	480,770	5
Common-law couples	213,925	10
With children⁶	64,570	0
Without children	149,355	10
Total one-parent families	208,475	5
in which the parent is a woman+	161,820	5
in which the parent is a man+	46,655	0
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,915,945	130
Total - Persons in census families	3,897,915	85
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,381,865	45
Parents in one-parent families	208,475	10
Children⁶	1,307,575	35
In a two-parent family	1,001,235	20
In a one-parent family	306,340	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,018,030	40
Living alone	600,705	35
Living with other relatives⁷	139,900	0
Living with non-relatives only	277,425	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,041,830	70
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,157,520	30
Couple-family households	1,002,775	25
With children⁶	463,945	10
Without children	538,825	10
One-parent-family households	154,745	5
Multigenerational households⁸	75,700	0
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20,325	0
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	79,015	0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	108,570	0
One-person households	600,705	35
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,200,500	110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,076,345	x
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,078,810	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,655,710	x
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,886,365	x
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,377,800	x
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370,345	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,106,935	x
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	x
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,200,425	80
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,075,270	x
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,077,810	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,654,285	x
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,886,325	x
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,374,170	x
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,030	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	368,410	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,102,145	x
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,200,420	80
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,301,410	x
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,195,830	x
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	x
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	x
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	x
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	x
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	x
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,200,500	x
Without total income	124,155	x
With total income	4,076,350	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	385,230	x
$10,000 to $19,999	474,245	x
$20,000 to $29,999	627,895	x
$30,000 to $39,999	515,780	x
$40,000 to $49,999	442,130	x
$50,000 to $59,999	363,335	x
$60,000 to $69,999	284,130	x
$70,000 to $79,999	221,755	x
$80,000 to $89,999	172,110	x
$90,000 to $99,999	136,185	x
$100,000 and over	453,550	x
$100,000 to $149,999	297,440	x
$150,000 and over	156,105	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,200,500	x
Without after-tax income	121,690	x
With after-tax income	4,078,810	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	402,375	x
$10,000 to $19,999	490,875	x
$20,000 to $29,999	705,795	x
$30,000 to $39,999	593,485	x
$40,000 to $49,999	502,775	x
$50,000 to $59,999	387,850	x
$60,000 to $69,999	283,825	x
$70,000 to $79,999	207,535	x
$80,000 to $89,999	150,155	x
$90,000 to $99,999	99,015	x
$100,000 and over	255,125	x
$100,000 to $124,999	127,025	x
$125,000 and over	128,100	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,200,500	x
Without employment income	1,314,135	x
With employment income	2,886,365	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	397,640	x
$5,000 to $9,999	234,130	x
$10,000 to $19,999	339,265	x
$20,000 to $29,999	266,065	x
$30,000 to $39,999	257,235	x
$40,000 to $49,999	247,550	x
$50,000 to $59,999	230,030	x
$60,000 to $69,999	190,470	x
$70,000 to $79,999	154,990	x
$80,000 to $89,999	128,265	x
$90,000 to $99,999	105,855	x
$100,000 and over	334,875	x
$100,000 to $124,999	154,515	x
$125,000 and over	180,360	x
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,200,500	110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,960,225	x
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,968,465	x
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,614,710	x
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,972,225	x
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,715,540	x
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	258,710	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,200,425	80
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,959,300	x
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,967,440	x
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,400	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,612,845	x
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,971,405	x
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,711,365	x
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	258,380	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,200,420	80
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,288,260	x
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,128,665	x
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	x
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	x
Market income (%)	89.0	x
Employment income (%)	70.4	x
Government transfers (%)	10.9	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,041,835	x
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	x
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	x
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	600,705	x
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	x
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	x
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,441,130	x
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	x
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	x
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,041,835	x
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,600	x
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	x
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	600,425	x
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	x
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,680	x
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,441,410	x
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,800	x
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,600	x
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,041,835	x
Under $5,000	30,080	x
$5,000 to $9,999	13,160	x
$10,000 to $14,999	19,290	x
$15,000 to $19,999	41,735	x
$20,000 to $24,999	82,340	x
$25,000 to $29,999	63,830	x
$30,000 to $34,999	64,895	x
$35,000 to $39,999	75,105	x
$40,000 to $44,999	73,975	x
$45,000 to $49,999	73,180	x
$50,000 to $59,999	144,895	x
$60,000 to $69,999	139,140	x
$70,000 to $79,999	131,840	x
$80,000 to $89,999	122,530	x
$90,000 to $99,999	112,775	x
$100,000 and over	853,065	x
$100,000 to $124,999	235,680	x
$125,000 to $149,999	178,970	x
$150,000 to $199,999	221,175	x
$200,000 and over	217,240	x
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,041,835	x
Under $5,000	34,265	x
$5,000 to $9,999	13,550	x
$10,000 to $14,999	19,930	x
$15,000 to $19,999	43,390	x
$20,000 to $24,999	86,585	x
$25,000 to $29,999	72,515	x
$30,000 to $34,999	74,810	x
$35,000 to $39,999	85,940	x
$40,000 to $44,999	85,575	x
$45,000 to $49,999	85,000	x
$50,000 to $59,999	168,315	x
$60,000 to $69,999	160,070	x
$70,000 to $79,999	149,385	x
$80,000 to $89,999	136,615	x
$90,000 to $99,999	121,890	x
$100,000 and over	704,010	x
$100,000 to $124,999	243,560	x
$125,000 to $149,999	167,850	x
$150,000 and over	292,600	x
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,364,485	x
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	x
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	x
Average family size of economic families	3.0	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	562,590	x
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	x
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	x
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	561,965	x
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	x
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	x
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	188,585	x
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	x
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	x
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	3.2
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	878,130	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,363,860	x
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,400	x
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	x
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	561,775	x
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,100	x
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	x
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	563,000	x
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	x
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	x
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	186,930	x
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	x
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	x
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	875,470	50
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,240	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,915,940	x
0 to 17 years	866,210	x
0 to 5 years	264,100	x
18 to 64 years	3,085,015	x
65 years and over	964,710	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	528,870	x
0 to 17 years	98,830	x
0 to 5 years	29,460	x
18 to 64 years	297,960	x
65 years and over	132,075	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	x
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	x
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	x
65 years and over (%)	13.7	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,825,465	x
0 to 17 years	848,955	x
0 to 5 years	259,060	x
18 to 64 years	3,033,655	x
65 years and over	942,860	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	279,035	x
0 to 17 years	44,480	x
0 to 5 years	11,690	x
18 to 64 years	201,000	x
65 years and over	33,555	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	x
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	x
65 years and over (%)	3.6	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,915,940	x
In bottom half of the distribution	2,300,730	x
In bottom decile	516,435	x
In second decile	444,845	x
In third decile	436,965	x
In fourth decile	442,745	x
In fifth decile	459,740	x
In top half of the distribution	2,615,210	x
In sixth decile	475,780	x
In seventh decile	494,480	x
In eighth decile	518,565	x
In ninth decile	550,860	x
In top decile	575,535	x
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,915,940	x
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.346	x
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	x
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	x
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	x
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,951,660	160
English only	4,461,290	140
French only	1,785	0
English and French	326,865	15
Neither English nor French	161,720	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,951,660	160
English	4,718,195	155
French	56,495	5
English and French	18,145	0
Neither English nor French	158,820	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,951,660	160
Single responses	4,761,600	160
Official languages	3,382,455	115
English	3,325,035	115
French	57,420	5
Non-official languages	1,379,145	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,490	25
Algonquian languages	820	0
Blackfoot	30	0
Cree-Innu languages	630	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	620	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	170	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	85	0
Cree, n.o.s.	305	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	0
Ojibway languages	135	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,560	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,545	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	615	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	0
Dene, n.o.s.	70	0
Gwich'in	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	0
Tahltan languages	85	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0
Tahltan	80	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	460	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	110	0
Tlingit	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Haida	40	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0
Inuinnaqtun	5	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	35	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	5	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	0
Michif	25	0
Salish languages	1,080	0
Halkomelem	180	0
Lillooet	100	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	180	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	265	0
Squamish	25	0
Straits	95	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	185	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Siouan languages	10	0
Assiniboine	5	0
Dakota	5	0
Stoney	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,005	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	575	0
Nisga'a	320	0
Tsimshian	115	0
Wakashan languages	760	25
Haisla	80	0
Heiltsuk	295	25
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	150	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	215	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	70	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,373,655	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	33,195	0
Berber languages	110	0
Kabyle	70	0
Tamazight	25	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Chadic languages	50	0
Hausa	40	0
Mina	10	0
Coptic	10	0
Cushitic languages	2,005	0
Bilen	30	0
Oromo	310	0
Somali	1,590	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Semitic languages	31,020	0
Amharic	1,620	0
Arabic	22,970	0
Aramaic languages	1,505	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	580	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	800	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	125	0
Harari	15	0
Hebrew	2,260	0
Maltese	170	0
Tigrigna	2,455	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	34,145	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	0
Vietnamese	32,560	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	0
Austronesian languages	104,100	0
Bikol	425	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,375	0
Cebuano	3,585	0
Fijian	345	0
Hiligaynon	1,895	0
Ilocano	6,325	0
Indonesian	4,080	0
Kankanaey	200	0
Kinaray-a	125	0
Malagasy languages	35	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	0
Malay	365	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	870	0
Pangasinan	395	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	82,835	0
Waray-Waray	300	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	945	0
Creole languages	925	0
Haitian Creole	115	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	0
Krio	35	0
Morisyen	375	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	170	0
Dravidian languages	13,260	0
Kannada	565	0
Malayalam	4,740	0
Tamil	5,055	0
Telugu	2,810	0
Tulu	70	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Georgian	160	0
Hmong-Mien languages	85	0
Indo-European languages	657,345	10
Albanian	1,645	0
Armenian	1,350	0
Balto-Slavic languages	81,655	0
Baltic languages	1,065	0
Latvian	545	0
Lithuanian	525	0
Slavic languages	80,590	0
Belarusian	70	0
Bulgarian	2,025	0
Czech	5,855	0
Macedonian	330	0
Polish	15,810	0
Russian	28,660	0
Rusyn	25	0
Serbo-Croatian	16,425	0
Bosnian	1,655	0
Croatian	6,805	0
Serbian	7,665	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	300	0
Slovak	3,275	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	950	0
Ukrainian	7,120	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Celtic languages	415	0
Irish	110	0
Scottish Gaelic	80	0
Welsh	200	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Germanic languages	84,375	5
Frisian	200	0
High German languages	53,255	5
German	50,695	5
Pennsylvania German	15	0
Swiss German	2,330	0
Yiddish	215	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	23,295	0
Afrikaans	3,700	0
Dutch	17,345	0
Low German, n.o.s.	235	0
Low Saxon	110	0
Plautdietsch	1,580	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	0
Scandinavian languages	7,530	0
Danish	3,625	0
Icelandic	215	0
Norwegian	1,520	0
Swedish	2,175	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	0
Greek	5,545	0
Indo-Iranian languages	368,635	0
Indo-Aryan languages	306,465	0
Assamese	75	0
Bengali	4,765	0
Gujarati	8,250	0
Hindi	32,390	0
Kacchi	1,195	0
Kashmiri	80	0
Konkani	280	0
Marathi	1,605	0
Nepali	1,725	0
Oriya languages	110	0
Odia	65	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	45	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240,865	0
Rohingya	65	0
Sindhi	285	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,935	0
Urdu	12,210	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	0
Iranian languages	62,135	0
Baluchi	65	0
Kurdish	2,775	0
Parsi	155	0
Pashto	1,365	0
Persian languages	57,700	0
Dari	6,005	0
Iranian Persian	46,395	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,295	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Italic (Romance) languages	113,685	0
Catalan	200	0
Italian	19,805	0
Portuguese	24,320	0
Romanian	8,775	0
Spanish	60,465	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Japanese	22,030	0
Korean	59,935	5
Mongolian	435	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,910	0
Akan (Twi)	545	0
Bamanankan	15	0
Edo	75	0
Éwé	110	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	0
Ga	50	0
Ganda	160	0
Gikuyu	70	0
Igbo	290	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	0
Lingala	90	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	30	0
Ndebele	50	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	225	0
Shona	355	0
Soninke	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	65	0
Swahili	1,090	0
Wojenaka	10	0
Wolof	50	0
Yoruba	555	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	735	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	420	0
Dinka	105	0
Nuer	50	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	0
African, n.o.s.	45	0
Sign languages	1,000	0
American Sign Language	895	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	419,855	0
Chinese languages	417,290	0
Hakka	2,080	0
Mandarin	205,205	0
Min Dong	185	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,780	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,200	0
Yue (Cantonese)	192,140	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,560	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,485	0
Burmese	1,015	0
Kuki-Chin languages	210	0
Karenic languages	725	0
S'gaw Karen	645	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Tibetan	395	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,395	0
Lao	1,100	0
Thai	3,170	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	120	0
Turkic languages	6,055	0
Azerbaijani	625	0
Kazakh	115	0
Turkish	4,765	0
Uyghur	240	0
Uzbek	150	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	0
Uralic languages	11,275	0
Estonian	575	0
Finnish	3,005	0
Hungarian	7,700	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	130	0
Multiple responses	190,055	0
English and French	17,320	0
English and non-official language(s)	150,730	0
French and non-official language(s)	2,395	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,960	0
Multiple non-official languages	16,645	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,951,660	160
English	3,491,395	145
French	11,050	0
Non-official language	464,235	0
Indigenous³⁹	645	0
Non-Indigenous	463,590	0
English and French	42,645	0
English and non-official language(s)	880,090	5
French and non-official language(s)	1,065	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	21,610	0
Multiple non-official languages	39,565	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,951,660	160
Single responses	4,753,615	155
Official languages	3,906,070	155
English	3,888,825	155
French	17,245	0
Non-official languages	847,550	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,215	0
Algonquian languages	130	0
Blackfoot	10	0
Cree-Innu languages	110	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	100	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	465	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	460	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	215	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	20	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0
Tahltan languages	5	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	5	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	0
Tlingit	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Haida	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	10	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	0
Michif	10	0
Salish languages	250	0
Halkomelem	45	0
Lillooet	40	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	30	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	0
Squamish	5	0
Straits	30	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Siouan languages	15	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	210	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	120	0
Nisga'a	80	0
Tsimshian	10	0
Wakashan languages	65	0
Haisla	10	0
Heiltsuk	5	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	0
Non-Indigenous languages	846,335	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	19,805	0
Berber languages	40	0
Kabyle	30	0
Tamazight	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Chadic languages	10	0
Hausa	5	0
Mina	5	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,150	0
Bilen	25	0
Oromo	155	0
Somali	930	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Semitic languages	18,605	0
Amharic	765	0
Arabic	13,845	0
Aramaic languages	1,110	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	390	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	600	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	0
Harari	20	0
Hebrew	1,030	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	1,810	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	21,705	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	780	0
Vietnamese	20,890	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	0
Austronesian languages	54,720	0
Bikol	130	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	585	0
Cebuano	1,735	0
Fijian	110	0
Hiligaynon	865	0
Ilocano	3,280	0
Indonesian	1,375	0
Kankanaey	105	0
Kinaray-a	55	0
Malagasy languages	15	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0
Malay	55	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	425	0
Pangasinan	130	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45,380	0
Waray-Waray	115	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	355	0
Creole languages	430	0
Haitian Creole	25	0
Jamaican English Creole	25	0
Krio	20	0
Morisyen	230	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Dravidian languages	8,005	0
Kannada	240	0
Malayalam	2,890	0
Tamil	3,185	0
Telugu	1,645	0
Tulu	25	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Georgian	100	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	0
Indo-European languages	364,340	0
Albanian	690	0
Armenian	675	0
Balto-Slavic languages	33,875	0
Baltic languages	225	0
Latvian	90	0
Lithuanian	135	0
Slavic languages	33,650	0
Belarusian	15	0
Bulgarian	900	0
Czech	1,760	0
Macedonian	125	0
Polish	5,250	0
Russian	16,090	0
Rusyn	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,745	0
Bosnian	720	0
Croatian	1,940	0
Serbian	4,010	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	0
Slovak	1,040	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	0
Ukrainian	1,630	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Celtic languages	45	0
Irish	20	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0
Welsh	20	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	12,280	0
Frisian	10	0
High German languages	7,805	0
German	7,320	0
Pennsylvania German	5	0
Swiss German	480	0
Yiddish	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,785	0
Afrikaans	1,725	0
Dutch	1,485	0
Low German, n.o.s.	60	0
Low Saxon	45	0
Plautdietsch	440	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	0
Scandinavian languages	670	0
Danish	220	0
Icelandic	50	0
Norwegian	95	0
Swedish	305	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Greek	1,915	0
Indo-Iranian languages	263,030	0
Indo-Aryan languages	220,735	0
Assamese	20	0
Bengali	2,720	0
Gujarati	4,160	0
Hindi	17,670	0
Kacchi	455	0
Kashmiri	30	0
Konkani	45	0
Marathi	780	0
Nepali	1,120	0
Oriya languages	40	0
Odia	25	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	184,065	0
Rohingya	60	0
Sindhi	130	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	940	0
Urdu	8,235	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	265	0
Iranian languages	42,285	0
Baluchi	40	0
Kurdish	1,765	0
Parsi	75	0
Pashto	900	0
Persian languages	39,475	0
Dari	3,690	0
Iranian Persian	32,375	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	3,405	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	51,830	0
Catalan	80	0
Italian	4,475	0
Portuguese	12,670	0
Romanian	3,620	0
Spanish	30,960	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Japanese	10,220	0
Korean	45,525	0
Mongolian	220	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	0
Akan (Twi)	165	0
Bamanankan	5	0
Edo	10	0
Éwé	45	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0
Ga	15	0
Ganda	30	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	85	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	0
Lingala	25	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	0
Shona	65	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0
Swahili	375	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	15	0
Yoruba	160	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	0
Dinka	30	0
Nuer	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	0
African, n.o.s.	20	0
Sign languages	1,720	0
American Sign Language	1,390	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	325	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310,860	0
Chinese languages	309,165	0
Hakka	605	0
Mandarin	162,130	0
Min Dong	95	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	6,285	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,010	0
Yue (Cantonese)	136,525	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,455	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,665	0
Burmese	670	0
Kuki-Chin languages	170	0
Karenic languages	530	0
S'gaw Karen	475	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Tibetan	240	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,570	0
Lao	500	0
Thai	1,010	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Turkic languages	3,030	0
Azerbaijani	295	0
Kazakh	15	0
Turkish	2,500	0
Uyghur	125	0
Uzbek	65	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Uralic languages	2,375	0
Estonian	65	0
Finnish	500	0
Hungarian	1,815	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Multiple responses	198,040	0
English and French	7,210	0
English and non-official language(s)	183,010	0
French and non-official language(s)	535	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,525	0
Multiple non-official languages	5,760	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,951,660	155
None	4,130,200	150
English	304,845	0
French	34,575	0
Non-official language	379,250	5
Indigenous³⁹	5,140	0
Non-Indigenous	374,105	5
English and French	2,740	0
English and non-official language(s)	46,940	0
French and non-official language(s)	11,880	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	655	0
Multiple non-official languages	40,580	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,915,940	90
Official languages	4,754,865	90
English	4,753,275	90
French	327,350	10
Non-official languages	1,780,325	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	16,560	0
Algonquian languages	1,985	0
Blackfoot	60	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,450	0
Atikamekw	15	0
Cree languages	1,425	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	435	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	160	0
Cree, n.o.s.	745	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	0
Mi'kmaq	60	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	440	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	0
Oji-Cree	25	0
Ojibway languages	400	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	80	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	275	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Athabaskan languages	3,540	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,490	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,530	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	205	0
Dene, n.o.s.	205	0
Gwich'in	15	0
Slavey-Hare languages	85	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	55	0
Tahltan languages	235	0
Kaska (Nahani)	20	0
Tahltan	220	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	15	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	855	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	25	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	15	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	245	0
Tlingit	35	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Haida	225	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	205	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	0
Inuinnaqtun	30	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	175	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Iroquoian languages	100	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	90	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	190	0
Michif	240	0
Salish languages	5,145	0
Halkomelem	1,400	0
Lillooet	590	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	465	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,060	0
Squamish	345	0
Straits	315	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	690	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	325	0
Siouan languages	100	0
Assiniboine	15	0
Dakota	30	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Tsimshian languages	2,610	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,120	0
Nisga'a	1,080	0
Tsimshian	455	0
Wakashan languages	2,145	0
Haisla	285	0
Heiltsuk	330	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	790	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	685	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	355	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	285	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,764,475	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	50,895	0
Berber languages	235	0
Kabyle	140	0
Tamazight	65	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Chadic languages	315	0
Hausa	285	0
Mina	25	0
Coptic	60	0
Cushitic languages	2,745	0
Bilen	30	0
Oromo	500	0
Somali	2,215	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Semitic languages	48,405	0
Amharic	3,100	0
Arabic	35,595	0
Aramaic languages	2,270	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	895	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,050	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	380	0
Harari	20	0
Hebrew	6,995	0
Maltese	270	0
Tigrigna	3,435	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	44,030	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,210	0
Vietnamese	41,975	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	65	0
Austronesian languages	148,455	0
Bikol	810	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,655	0
Cebuano	5,995	0
Fijian	1,020	0
Hiligaynon	3,135	0
Ilocano	11,285	0
Indonesian	6,810	0
Kankanaey	330	0
Kinaray-a	200	0
Malagasy languages	100	0
Merina	20	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	85	0
Malay	3,485	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,550	0
Pangasinan	925	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	133,780	0
Waray-Waray	865	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	3,590	0
Creole languages	3,230	0
Haitian Creole	470	0
Jamaican English Creole	265	0
Krio	160	0
Morisyen	1,070	0
Sango	15	0
Creole, n.o.s.	835	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	0
Dravidian languages	20,585	0
Kannada	1,615	0
Malayalam	6,765	0
Tamil	9,740	0
Telugu	4,860	0
Tulu	205	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Georgian	240	0
Hmong-Mien languages	160	0
Indo-European languages	906,560	10
Albanian	2,195	0
Armenian	1,600	0
Balto-Slavic languages	101,395	0
Baltic languages	1,480	0
Latvian	730	0
Lithuanian	750	0
Slavic languages	100,340	0
Belarusian	330	0
Bulgarian	2,475	0
Czech	7,935	0
Macedonian	505	0
Polish	19,640	0
Russian	42,390	0
Rusyn	45	0
Serbo-Croatian	21,625	0
Bosnian	3,150	0
Croatian	11,060	0
Serbian	11,070	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	480	0
Slovak	4,315	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,280	0
Ukrainian	12,205	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	0
Celtic languages	2,675	0
Irish	1,665	0
Scottish Gaelic	260	0
Welsh	610	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	0
Germanic languages	128,605	10
Frisian	375	0
High German languages	86,275	10
German	84,325	10
Pennsylvania German	25	0
Swiss German	3,030	0
Yiddish	480	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	34,480	0
Afrikaans	9,755	0
Dutch	22,380	0
Low German, n.o.s.	345	0
Low Saxon	55	0
Plautdietsch	2,180	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	405	0
Scandinavian languages	12,425	0
Danish	4,950	0
Icelandic	330	0
Norwegian	3,125	0
Swedish	4,730	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	210	0
Greek	9,005	0
Indo-Iranian languages	477,485	0
Indo-Aryan languages	406,375	0
Assamese	100	0
Bengali	6,565	0
Gujarati	14,340	0
Hindi	134,950	0
Kacchi	2,925	0
Kashmiri	185	0
Konkani	775	0
Marathi	3,555	0
Nepali	2,445	0
Oriya languages	180	0
Odia	95	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315,000	0
Rohingya	55	0
Sindhi	645	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	0
Urdu	25,780	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,645	0
Iranian languages	73,745	0
Baluchi	155	0
Kurdish	3,875	0
Parsi	290	0
Pashto	2,645	0
Persian languages	68,960	0
Dari	8,235	0
Iranian Persian	55,745	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,780	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	210	0
Italic (Romance) languages	211,725	0
Catalan	565	0
Italian	36,370	0
Portuguese	33,005	0
Romanian	11,210	0
Spanish	143,900	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	655	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	320	0
Japanese	41,835	0
Korean	69,935	0
Mongolian	565	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,290	0
Akan (Twi)	1,365	0
Bamanankan	65	0
Edo	175	0
Éwé	290	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	0
Ga	215	0
Ganda	415	0
Gikuyu	130	0
Igbo	980	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	0
Lingala	475	0
Luba-Kasai	60	0
Mòoré	15	0
Mwani	10	0
Ndebele	190	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	335	0
Shona	725	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	105	0
Swahili	5,205	0
Wojenaka	25	0
Wolof	165	0
Yoruba	1,815	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,275	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	670	0
Dinka	115	0
Nuer	60	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	490	0
African, n.o.s.	130	0
Sign languages	7,965	0
American Sign Language	7,020	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,105	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	491,660	0
Chinese languages	488,465	0
Hakka	3,615	0
Mandarin	312,625	0
Min Dong	215	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	24,065	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,760	0
Yue (Cantonese)	246,045	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,215	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	255	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,375	0
Burmese	1,730	0
Kuki-Chin languages	295	0
Karenic languages	770	0
S'gaw Karen	705	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Tibetan	590	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	215	0
Tai-Kadai languages	6,725	0
Lao	1,635	0
Thai	5,310	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	170	0
Turkic languages	10,910	0
Azerbaijani	1,665	0
Kazakh	230	0
Turkish	9,230	0
Uyghur	235	0
Uzbek	275	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	295	0
Uralic languages	13,510	0
Estonian	695	0
Finnish	3,635	0
Hungarian	9,230	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	585	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	85
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	290,210	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	279,670	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	180,085	35
Métis	97,860	0
Inuk (Inuit)	1,720	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	5,980	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	4,560	0
Non-Indigenous identity	4,625,735	50
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	85
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	136,875	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,779,065	50
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,041,835	60
Owner	1,363,190	25
Renter	669,450	35
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	9,190	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,041,835	60
Condominium	482,755	10
Not condominium	1,559,075	45
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,041,835	60
No bedrooms	30,855	0
1 bedroom	354,020	20
2 bedrooms	569,180	15
3 bedrooms	539,910	15
4 or more bedrooms	547,870	10
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,041,835	60
1 to 4 rooms	766,380	25
5 rooms	300,895	10
6 rooms	248,045	10
7 rooms	205,105	0
8 or more rooms	521,410	10
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	4.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,041,835	60
One person or fewer per room	1,984,655	60
More than one person per room	57,180	0
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,041,835	60
Suitable	1,919,140	60
Not suitable	122,700	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,041,835	60
1960 or before	256,175	25
1961 to 1980	550,690	10
1981 to 1990	289,940	20
1991 to 2000	336,315	0
2001 to 2005	122,855	0
2006 to 2010	164,165	0
2011 to 2015	135,725	0
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	185,965	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,041,835	60
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,922,640	50
Major repairs needed	119,195	10
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,041,835	60
One-maintainer household	1,003,245	40
Two-maintainer household	904,960	20
Three-or-more-maintainer household	133,630	0
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,041,835	60
15 to 24 years	57,980	0
25 to 34 years	282,195	0
35 to 44 years	343,380	0
45 to 54 years	354,340	10
55 to 64 years	407,735	0
65 to 74 years	347,335	25
75 to 84 years	182,155	0
85 years and over	66,710	0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,988,210	x
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,481,365	x
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	506,850	x
30% to less than 100%	434,390	x
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,041,830	60
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	683,985	20
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	451,550	10
Not suitable only	89,300	0
Major repairs needed only	80,200	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	23,945	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	29,585	0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	7,640	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,770	0
Acceptable housing	1,357,845	35
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,915,755	x
In core need	257,090	x
Not in core need	1,658,665	x
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,330,795	25
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	60.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	x
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	x
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	900
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	785,000	x
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	983,000	240,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	663,870	30
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	0.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	x
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	x
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	680
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,190	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.4	x
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	368	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	446	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,915,940	85
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	120,245	30
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	118,210	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	100,805	30
Métis single ancestry	16,830	0
Inuit single ancestry	570	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	2,040	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	1,870	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	60	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	191,640	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	184,975	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	123,735	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	59,905	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,330	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	6,665	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,390	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	4,604,055	45
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,915,940	90
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,359,045	90
Canadian citizens aged under 18	812,305	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,546,745	80
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	556,895	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,915,940	90
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	3,319,230	85
Immigrants⁸¹	1,425,710	0
Before 1980	280,160	0
1980 to 1990	164,445	0
1991 to 2000	299,115	0
2001 to 2010	316,915	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	365,075	0
2011 to 2015	167,650	0
2016 to 2021	197,425	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	171,000	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,425,715	0
Under 5 years	117,555	0
5 to 14 years	226,910	0
15 to 24 years	275,435	0
25 to 44 years	639,200	0
45 years and over	166,605	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,425,715	0
Americas	126,075	0
Brazil	8,765	0
Colombia	5,450	0
El Salvador	5,770	0
Guyana	1,400	0
Haiti	490	0
Jamaica	4,295	0
Mexico	13,385	0
Peru	3,510	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,725	0
United States of America	59,920	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20,355	0
Europe	307,495	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,510	0
Croatia	5,390	0
France	7,025	0
Germany	30,910	0
Greece	3,350	0
Hungary	5,115	0
Italy	13,410	0
Netherlands	16,070	0
Poland	14,305	0
Portugal	7,785	0
Romania	9,370	0
Russian Federation	12,170	0
Serbia⁸⁶	4,565	0
Ukraine	9,450	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	116,525	0
Other places of birth in Europe	47,545	0
Africa	53,330	0
Algeria	510	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,005	0
Egypt	3,310	0
Eritrea	2,485	0
Ethiopia	2,590	0
Morocco	1,270	0
Nigeria	3,585	0
Somalia	1,240	0
South Africa, Republic of	15,380	0
Other places of birth in Africa	21,955	0
Asia	905,585	0
Afghanistan	6,245	0
Iran⁸⁸	45,970	0
Iraq	7,000	0
Lebanon	2,455	0
Syria⁸⁹	6,545	0
Turkey	3,095	0
China⁹⁰	217,970	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	78,855	0
Korea, South⁹²	47,520	0
Taiwan	40,445	0
Philippines	131,645	0
Viet Nam	32,390	0
Bangladesh	3,035	0
India	197,115	0
Pakistan	13,345	0
Sri Lanka	5,375	0
Other places of birth in Asia	66,580	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	33,225	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	197,420	0
Americas	22,835	0
Brazil	5,130	0
Colombia	1,075	0
Haiti	35	0
Jamaica	1,005	0
Mexico	3,045	0
United States of America	8,760	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	530	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,265	0
Europe	25,290	0
France	1,730	0
Germany	1,380	0
Ireland⁹⁶	2,420	0
Italy	995	0
Russian Federation	2,075	0
Ukraine	1,935	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,675	0
Other places of birth in Europe	7,090	0
Africa	10,465	0
Algeria	65	0
Burundi	110	0
Cameroon	120	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	340	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	0
Egypt	610	0
Eritrea	1,515	0
Ethiopia	620	0
Morocco	275	0
Nigeria	1,770	0
Somalia	255	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,965	0
Sudan⁹⁷	235	0
Tunisia	115	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,420	0
Asia	134,395	0
Afghanistan	1,325	0
Bangladesh	655	0
China⁹⁰	31,450	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,515	0
India	39,390	0
Iran⁸⁸	5,850	0
Iraq	1,545	0
Israel	605	0
Japan	2,090	0
Jordan	395	0
Korea, South⁹²	7,220	0
Lebanon	395	0
Nepal	405	0
Pakistan	2,390	0
Philippines	21,220	0
Saudi Arabia	565	0
Sri Lanka	710	0
Syria⁸⁹	4,955	0
Turkey	1,025	0
United Arab Emirates	620	0
Viet Nam	2,845	0
Other places of birth in Asia	6,215	0
Oceania and other⁹³	4,440	0
Australia	3,280	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	1,160	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,915,940	85
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,657,625	10
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,068,600	20
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,189,720	60
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,145,550	0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	661,395	0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	273,695	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	387,700	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	372,185	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	97,720	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	14,250	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,145,550	0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	27,320	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	138,760	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40,690	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	71,860	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	5,145	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	861,775	0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,915,945	85
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,689,490	0
South Asian	473,965	0
Chinese	550,590	0
Black	61,760	0
Filipino	174,280	0
Arab	28,010	0
Latin American	65,970	0
Southeast Asian	71,785	0
West Asian	69,270	0
Korean	72,815	0
Japanese	44,120	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	18,080	0
Multiple visible minorities	58,840	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,226,450	85
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,915,940	90
Canadian	459,320	0
English	1,019,250	10
Irish	627,920	0
Scottish	774,455	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	312,750	0
German	539,145	20
Chinese	517,805	0
Italian	162,485	0
Indian (India)	275,975	0
Ukrainian	210,100	0
Dutch	189,985	0
Polish	134,635	0
Québécois	6,240	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	191,025	10
Filipino	172,915	0
French Canadian	39,930	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	82,175	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	105,005	35
Métis	85,205	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	102,475	10
Russian	121,755	0
Norwegian	137,170	0
Welsh	104,225	0
Portuguese	39,755	0
American	71,530	10
Spanish	54,365	0
Swedish	103,630	0
Hungarian	51,915	0
Acadian	7,025	0
Pakistani	19,050	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	18,520	0
Jewish	34,395	0
Punjabi	93,395	0
Vietnamese	51,890	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	12,590	0
Greek	23,300	0
Jamaican	9,865	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	47,650	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	24,875	0
Korean	72,025	0
Romanian	30,195	0
Lebanese	8,440	0
Iranian	49,390	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	13,865	0
Danish	54,865	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	24,140	0
Sikh	69,100	0
Austrian	45,280	0
Belgian	19,505	0
Haitian	1,215	0
Hindu	19,405	0
Mexican	28,445	0
Mennonite	20,925	0
Swiss	28,520	0
Finnish	33,680	0
Sri Lankan	6,440	0
Croatian	23,750	0
Japanese	54,640	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20,125	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,840	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30,950	0
Muslim	8,220	0
Egyptian	5,810	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	11,730	0
Tamil	3,380	0
Icelandic	25,910	0
Colombian	7,315	0
Moroccan	2,020	0
Czech	22,425	0
Syrian	6,550	0
Guyanese	2,420	0
Afghan	9,605	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,515	0
Serbian	12,660	0
Ojibway	5,145	0
Newfoundlander	4,530	0
Hong Konger	30,020	0
Ontarian	3,315	0
Persian	19,155	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,120	0
Turkish	8,070	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	2,120	0
Bangladeshi	3,740	0
Algerian	915	0
Brazilian	12,435	0
Nigerian	4,110	0
Armenian	4,040	0
Slovak	11,565	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	11,810	0
Somali	2,665	0
Taiwanese	37,530	0
Iraqi	4,590	0
Salvadorean	6,580	0
African Caribbean	1,640	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10,735	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,140	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,715	0
Algonquin	1,880	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,855	0
Lithuanian	7,330	0
South African	13,965	0
Australian	18,505	0
Palestinian	2,750	0
Chilean	6,220	0
Congolese	1,500	0
Nova Scotian	2,015	0
Ethiopian	2,720	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	5,295	0
Peruvian	4,260	0
Yoruba	1,350	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,350	0
Berber	605	0
Albanian	2,455	0
Maltese	2,750	0
Macedonian	1,235	0
Slovenian	5,340	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	7,865	0
New Brunswicker	875	0
Gujarati	2,670	0
Eritrean	2,245	0
African Canadian	1,535	0
Israeli	3,645	0
Mohawk	2,355	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	6,545	0
Bulgarian	3,720	0
Albertan	3,430	0
Ghanaian	1,670	0
Barbadian	1,950	0
African American	4,500	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	5,580	0
Tunisian	550	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	5,285	0
Cuban	1,770	0
Bosnian	3,785	0
Venezuelan	1,835	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	180	0
Latvian	4,860	0
Bengali	1,370	0
Cameroonian	335	0
Guatemalan	2,415	0
Indonesian	8,440	0
Laotian	2,485	0
Ilocano	4,765	0
Northern Irish	4,550	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	5,445	0
British Columbian	20,450	0
Ecuadorian	1,135	0
Franco Ontarian	360	0
Argentinian	2,625	0
Estonian	4,695	0
Kurdish	3,375	0
Fijian	16,120	0
Jatt	8,370	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	2,695	0
Coptic	760	0
Thai	5,745	0
Dominican	860	0
Nepali	2,305	0
Kabyle	75	0
Assyrian	695	0
Igbo	890	0
Byelorussian	2,610	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	1,025	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	2,015	0
Abenaki	215	0
Moldovan	1,415	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,285	0
New Zealander	7,840	0
Sudanese	945	0
Breton	365	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	1,655	0
Malaysian	5,420	0
Plains Cree	715	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	780	0
Huron (Wendat)	390	0
Saskatchewanian	2,890	0
Buddhist	2,950	0
Gaspesian	90	0
Norman	745	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,830	0
Ivorian	135	0
Saulteaux	845	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	935	0
Burundian	380	0
Tigrinya	1,145	0
Nicaraguan	1,890	0
Mauritian	1,160	0
Kenyan	2,215	0
Oji-Cree	250	0
Vincentian	345	0
Jordanian	925	0
Manitoban	1,760	0
Cape Bretoner	420	0
Rwandan	635	0
Grenadian	350	0
Malayali	980	0
Chaldean	850	0
Sinhalese	1,285	0
Mayan	1,855	0
Honduran	1,500	0
Cherokee	2,920	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	150	0
Indo-Caribbean	385	0
Flemish	1,540	0
United Empire Loyalist	905	0
Senegalese	105	0
Azerbaijani	1,400	0
Sicilian	935	0
Pashtun	945	0
Malay	2,625	0
Goan	750	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	320	0
Tibetan	715	0
Zimbabwean	1,240	0
Burmese	2,225	0
Mongolian	1,955	0
Azorean	380	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	55	0
Indo-Guyanese	75	0
Ugandan	1,145	0
Oromo	575	0
Tanzanian	945	0
Yemeni	420	0
Central African	35	0
Libyan	650	0
Basque	1,165	0
Uruguayan	515	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	405	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	655	0
Igorot	1,330	0
Fulani	85	0
Woodland Cree	105	0
Guinean	135	0
St. Lucian	180	0
Prince Edward Islander	280	0
Maliseet	100	0
Beninese	100	0
Telugu	615	0
Roma	1,205	0
Costa Rican	1,075	0
African Nova Scotian	145	0
Malagasy	110	0
Kashmiri	545	0
Singaporean	2,630	0
Karen	980	0
Edo	205	0
Tajik	665	0
Amhara	305	0
Paraguayan	1,095	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,915,945	85
Buddhist	83,860	0
Christian	1,684,870	35
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	434,920	0
Anabaptist	21,275	0
Anglican	137,485	0
Baptist	57,265	0
Catholic	588,140	20
Christian Orthodox	45,135	0
Jehovah's Witness	25,715	0
Latter Day Saints	12,875	0
Lutheran	46,395	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	7,290	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	41,140	0
Presbyterian	28,040	0
Reformed	12,455	0
United Church	129,000	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	97,745	0
Hindu	81,320	0
Jewish	26,850	0
Muslim	125,915	0
Sikh	290,870	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	11,570	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	51,440	0
No religion and secular perspectives	2,559,250	40
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,875,955	90
Non-movers	4,169,710	65
Movers	706,245	20
Non-migrants	395,215	0
Migrants	311,030	0
Internal migrants	251,245	0
Intraprovincial migrants	187,990	0
Interprovincial migrants	63,250	0
External migrants	59,785	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,699,740	85
Non-movers	2,639,500	45
Movers	2,060,245	45
Non-migrants	757,040	10
Migrants	1,303,200	35
Internal migrants	1,016,025	35
Intraprovincial migrants	799,455	35
Interprovincial migrants	216,565	0
External migrants	287,175	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	80
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	643,330	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,557,095	65
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	30
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	259,010	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,432,850	25
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	80
No certificate, diploma or degree	565,665	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,238,000	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,396,755	40
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,197,050	20
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	323,635	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	133,020	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	190,615	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	711,810	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	161,600	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,199,710	20
Bachelor's degree	775,145	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	84,000	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	32,985	0
Master's degree	264,145	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	43,440	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	25
No certificate, diploma or degree	216,660	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	694,785	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,780,415	20
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	838,680	10
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	217,350	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	88,765	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	128,590	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	507,405	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	113,915	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	941,735	10
Bachelor's degree	610,735	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	63,310	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	24,675	0
Master's degree	212,745	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30,275	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,200,425	75
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,803,665	35
Education	158,060	10
13. Education	158,060	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	109,100	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,390	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95,715	0
Humanities	143,340	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	16,850	0
23. English language and literature/letters	35,465	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	48,620	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	2,860	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	7,705	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,220	0
54. History	16,035	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	3,580	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	288,970	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,140	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	31,375	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,140	0
22. Legal professions and studies	44,255	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	6,625	0
42. Psychology	52,080	0
45. Social sciences	110,350	0
Business, management and public administration	493,290	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	645	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,855	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	461,790	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	106,515	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	44,910	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25,655	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,880	0
40. Physical sciences	30,600	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,470	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105,555	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	83,795	0
25. Library science	6,145	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,030	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,580	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	458,590	10
04. Architecture and related services	19,025	0
14. Engineering	119,995	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	83,585	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	115	0
46. Construction trades	104,445	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	86,325	0
48. Precision production	45,110	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	60,510	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	31,920	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,595	0
Health and related fields	350,930	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	27,000	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	312,980	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	725	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10,230	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	121,210	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	76,425	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	505	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,025	0
43. Security and protective services	15,820	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,425	0
Other¹⁷⁹	685	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,691,865	30
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	911,450	10
Education	99,640	0
13. Education	99,640	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85,350	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,815	0
50. Visual and performing arts	75,530	0
Humanities	103,360	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	12,735	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25,770	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,310	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,895	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	5,780	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,845	0
54. History	11,615	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,410	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	226,805	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,220	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	26,730	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,960	0
22. Legal professions and studies	34,935	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	5,150	0
42. Psychology	39,250	0
45. Social sciences	86,555	0
Business, management and public administration	379,485	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	445	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	22,625	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	356,415	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	77,340	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	33,945	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	18,520	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,545	0
40. Physical sciences	21,390	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,935	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,185	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	72,700	0
25. Library science	3,600	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,865	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,010	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	327,735	0
04. Architecture and related services	14,690	0
14. Engineering	93,760	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	57,590	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	0
46. Construction trades	74,045	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	57,950	0
48. Precision production	29,605	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45,705	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	23,700	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	22,005	0
Health and related fields	258,665	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20,980	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	229,855	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	580	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	7,245	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	88,615	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	56,165	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	305	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	450	0
43. Security and protective services	12,270	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,425	0
Other¹⁷⁹	535	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,691,865	30
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	911,450	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,780,415	20
Location of study inside Canada	1,316,405	20
Same as province or territory of residence	1,029,000	20
Different than province or territory of residence	287,405	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	464,010	0
Americas	84,155	0
United States of America	57,255	0
Mexico	8,850	0
Cuba	310	0
Haiti	20	0
Jamaica	655	0
Brazil	8,395	0
Colombia	2,315	0
Peru	945	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	815	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,590	0
Europe	92,195	0
Belgium	755	0
France	5,075	0
Germany	5,805	0
Netherlands	2,315	0
Switzerland	1,915	0
Hungary	945	0
Moldova¹⁸³	455	0
Poland	2,960	0
Romania	3,515	0
Russian Federation	5,880	0
Ukraine	4,345	0
Ireland⁹⁶	5,665	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	38,270	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	840	0
Italy	1,610	0
Serbia⁸⁶	1,565	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10,275	0
Africa	12,250	0
Nigeria	1,315	0
Algeria	130	0
Morocco	470	0
Tunisia	160	0
Egypt	1,490	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,860	0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,825	0
Asia	258,905	0
Iran⁸⁸	16,325	0
Iraq	1,465	0
Israel	1,345	0
Lebanon	550	0
Syria⁸⁹	805	0
Turkey	1,680	0
China⁹⁰	59,350	0
Taiwan	8,905	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	7,025	0
Japan	8,185	0
Korea, South⁹²	19,605	0
Philippines	55,140	0
Viet Nam	2,145	0
Bangladesh	1,135	0
Sri Lanka	975	0
India	60,565	0
Pakistan	3,935	0
Other locations of study in Asia	9,780	0
Oceania	16,505	0
Australia	12,315	0
New Zealand	3,340	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	855	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,200,425	80
In the labour force	2,657,275	40
Employed	2,433,600	35
Unemployed	223,675	0
Not in the labour force	1,543,145	40
Participation rate	63.3	50.0
Employment rate	57.9	43.8
Unemployment rate	8.4	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,200,425	75
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,563,830	40
Worked	2,636,595	40
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,350,335	15
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,286,260	25
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	34.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,657,275	40
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,603,110	40
Employee	2,144,475	35
Permanent position	1,788,175	30
Temporary position	356,305	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	116,190	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	240,110	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	458,635	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,657,275	40
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,603,110	40
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	32,255	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	446,160	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	209,185	0
3 Health occupations	199,185	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	309,360	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	110,585	0
6 Sales and service occupations	666,705	10
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	469,450	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,075	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	88,155	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,657,275	40
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	0
All industries¹⁹¹	2,603,110	40
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	60,320	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	24,955	0
22 Utilities	14,820	0
23 Construction	234,345	0
31-33 Manufacturing	152,790	0
41 Wholesale trade	80,165	0
44-45 Retail trade	301,060	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	142,230	0
51 Information and cultural industries	71,295	0
52 Finance and insurance	95,560	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	59,155	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	238,650	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,785	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	110,215	0
61 Educational services	192,855	0
62 Health care and social assistance	319,525	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60,775	0
72 Accommodation and food services	182,105	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	113,780	0
91 Public administration	142,730	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,855,890	40
English	2,617,625	40
French	3,090	0
Non-official language	52,925	0
Indigenous³⁹	140	0
Non-Indigenous	52,790	0
English and French	21,550	0
English and non-official language(s)	154,255	0
French and non-official language(s)	80	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,520	0
Multiple non-official languages	3,840	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,855,890	40
Single responses	2,820,225	40
Official languages	2,726,710	40
English	2,720,275	40
French	6,430	0
Non-official languages	93,520	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	290	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	125	0
Halkomelem	35	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	0
Squamish	10	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	40	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	0
Nisga'a	10	0
Tsimshian	15	0
Wakashan languages	40	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	93,230	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	500	0
Amharic	20	0
Arabic	355	0
Aramaic languages	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	60	0
Tigrigna	45	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,720	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	0
Vietnamese	2,695	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	855	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	20	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	40	0
Indonesian	85	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	15	0
Tamil	55	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	0
Albanian	20	0
Armenian	20	0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	0
Baltic languages	15	0
Latvian	15	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	900	0
Bulgarian	10	0
Czech	25	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	85	0
Russian	645	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	0
Bosnian	10	0
Croatian	10	0
Serbian	75	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	30	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	680	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	450	0
German	400	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	50	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	85	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	105	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	20	0
Swedish	15	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	50	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25,450	0
Indo-Aryan languages	23,425	0
Bengali	10	0
Gujarati	10	0
Hindi	555	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,730	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	100	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	2,020	0
Kurdish	25	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	1,985	0
Dari	110	0
Iranian Persian	1,710	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	170	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,675	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	120	0
Portuguese	555	0
Romanian	60	0
Spanish	2,940	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	2,015	0
Korean	6,855	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	300	0
American Sign Language	285	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,730	0
Chinese languages	48,670	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	28,465	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,865	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	0
Burmese	30	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	205	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	200	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	60	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	55	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	50	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	20	0
Hungarian	30	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	35,660	0
English and French	2,470	0
English and non-official language(s)	32,195	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	0
Multiple non-official languages	825	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,855,890	40
None	2,703,945	40
English	36,055	0
French	16,140	0
Non-official language	79,300	0
Indigenous³⁹	1,320	0
Non-Indigenous	77,980	0
English and French	70	0
English and non-official language(s)	4,745	0
French and non-official language(s)	1,945	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,685	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,433,600	35
Worked at home	549,845	0
Worked outside Canada	10,065	0
No fixed workplace address	373,475	0
Usual place of work	1,500,215	30
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,500,215	30
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	774,620	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	638,825	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	77,845	0
Commute to a different province or territory	8,920	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,873,690	35
Car, truck or van	1,497,765	25
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,376,410	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	121,350	0
Public transit	174,045	0
Walked	121,550	0
Bicycle	36,790	0
Other method	43,535	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,873,690	35
Less than 15 minutes	595,470	20
15 to 29 minutes	637,130	15
30 to 44 minutes	369,645	0
45 to 59 minutes	137,115	0
60 minutes and over	134,330	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,873,690	35
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	125,470	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	298,120	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	449,315	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	418,635	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	303,745	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	278,405	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	884,130	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55,575	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	828,550	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	651,050	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	43,010	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	23,960	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	19,050	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	608,040	25

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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