Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lunenburg, County (CTY)More information: Nova Scotia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	48,599
Population, 2016¹	47,126
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1
Total private dwellings²	27,092
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,443
Population density per square kilometre	16.7
Land area in square kilometres	2,906.47
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	48,600
0 to 14 years	5,785
0 to 4 years	1,700
5 to 9 years	1,985
10 to 14 years	2,090
15 to 64 years	28,320
15 to 19 years	2,010
20 to 24 years	1,900
25 to 29 years	1,950
30 to 34 years	2,295
35 to 39 years	2,465
40 to 44 years	2,435
45 to 49 years	2,820
50 to 54 years	3,285
55 to 59 years	4,385
60 to 64 years	4,770
65 years and over	14,500
65 to 69 years	4,530
70 to 74 years	3,920
75 to 79 years	2,745
80 to 84 years	1,725
85 years and over	1,575
85 to 89 years	955
90 to 94 years	460
95 to 99 years	130
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9
15 to 64 years	58.3
65 years and over	29.8
85 years and over	3.2
Average age of the population	49.2
Median age of the population	54.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,440
Single-detached house	18,175
Semi-detached house	445
Row house	280
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,915
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	35
Other single-attached house	50
Movable dwelling⁴	1,225
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,440
1 person	6,860
2 persons	9,895
3 persons	2,875
4 persons	1,960
5 or more persons	855
Number of persons in private households	47,765
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	42,815
Married or living common-law	26,590
Married	21,180
Living common-law	5,410
Living common law - Never married	3,345
Living common law - Separated	405
Living common law - Divorced	1,450
Living common law - Widowed	210
Not married and not living common-law	16,225
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,665
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,230
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,900
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,430
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	15,155
2 persons	10,005
3 persons	2,740
4 persons	1,805
5 or more persons	600
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	15,155
Total couple families	13,090
Married couples	10,385
With children⁶	3,495
Without children	6,885
Common-law couples	2,705
With children⁶	925
Without children	1,780
Total one-parent families	2,065
in which the parent is a woman+	1,565
in which the parent is a man+	505
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,765
Total - Persons in census families	38,670
Married spouses or common-law partners	26,175
Parents in one-parent families	2,070
Children⁶	10,425
In a two-parent family	7,410
In a one-parent family	3,010
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,100
Living alone	6,860
Living with other relatives⁷	770
Living with non-relatives only	1,470
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,445
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,005
Couple-family households	12,340
With children⁶	4,115
Without children	8,225
One-parent-family households	1,670
Multigenerational households⁸	360
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	470
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	685
One-person households	6,860
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	41,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,900
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,150
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,700
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,490
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,165
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,000
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	41,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,880
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,885
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,705
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,305
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,945
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,820
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	41,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,800
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	41,985
Without total income	1,085
With total income	40,900
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,485
$10,000 to $19,999	5,875
$20,000 to $29,999	8,265
$30,000 to $39,999	5,920
$40,000 to $49,999	4,790
$50,000 to $59,999	3,575
$60,000 to $69,999	2,560
$70,000 to $79,999	1,780
$80,000 to $89,999	1,390
$90,000 to $99,999	960
$100,000 and over	2,305
$100,000 to $149,999	1,615
$150,000 and over	685
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	41,985
Without after-tax income	1,070
With after-tax income	40,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,755
$10,000 to $19,999	6,205
$20,000 to $29,999	9,490
$30,000 to $39,999	7,105
$40,000 to $49,999	5,300
$50,000 to $59,999	3,385
$60,000 to $69,999	2,195
$70,000 to $79,999	1,375
$80,000 to $89,999	745
$90,000 to $99,999	405
$100,000 and over	950
$100,000 to $124,999	480
$125,000 and over	475
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	41,985
Without employment income	16,285
With employment income	25,705
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,615
$5,000 to $9,999	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	3,445
$20,000 to $29,999	3,030
$30,000 to $39,999	2,615
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330
$50,000 to $59,999	1,865
$60,000 to $69,999	1,485
$70,000 to $79,999	1,105
$80,000 to $89,999	945
$90,000 to $99,999	630
$100,000 and over	1,485
$100,000 to $124,999	765
$125,000 and over	725
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	41,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,250
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,310
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,050
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,170
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,055
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	41,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,240
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,115
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,950
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	41,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,940
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	81.4
Employment income (%)	60.0
Government transfers (%)	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,440
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,860
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	15,585
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,445
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,860
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,240
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,240
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	15,585
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,440
Under $5,000	245
$5,000 to $9,999	120
$10,000 to $14,999	385
$15,000 to $19,999	410
$20,000 to $24,999	1,560
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045
$30,000 to $34,999	1,080
$35,000 to $39,999	1,270
$40,000 to $44,999	1,175
$45,000 to $49,999	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	1,890
$60,000 to $69,999	1,865
$70,000 to $79,999	1,675
$80,000 to $89,999	1,430
$90,000 to $99,999	1,290
$100,000 and over	5,975
$100,000 to $124,999	2,305
$125,000 to $149,999	1,430
$150,000 to $199,999	1,435
$200,000 and over	810
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,440
Under $5,000	275
$5,000 to $9,999	120
$10,000 to $14,999	385
$15,000 to $19,999	455
$20,000 to $24,999	1,670
$25,000 to $29,999	1,255
$30,000 to $34,999	1,260
$35,000 to $39,999	1,425
$40,000 to $44,999	1,330
$45,000 to $49,999	1,235
$50,000 to $59,999	2,285
$60,000 to $69,999	2,235
$70,000 to $79,999	1,870
$80,000 to $89,999	1,505
$90,000 to $99,999	1,175
$100,000 and over	3,970
$100,000 to $124,999	1,990
$125,000 to $149,999	1,030
$150,000 and over	955
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	15,050
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500
Average family size of economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,285
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,485
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,930
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,325
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	15,095
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,295
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,490
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,935
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,450
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,250
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,765
0 to 17 years	6,975
0 to 5 years	2,100
18 to 64 years	26,935
65 years and over	13,855
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,755
0 to 17 years	1,155
0 to 5 years	375
18 to 64 years	3,540
65 years and over	3,065
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.1
65 years and over (%)	22.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,655
0 to 17 years	6,940
0 to 5 years	2,095
18 to 64 years	26,870
65 years and over	13,845
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,540
0 to 17 years	225
0 to 5 years	60
18 to 64 years	1,130
65 years and over	185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,765
In bottom half of the distribution	31,005
In bottom decile	6,300
In second decile	7,335
In third decile	6,245
In fourth decile	5,940
In fifth decile	5,190
In top half of the distribution	16,760
In sixth decile	4,855
In seventh decile	3,965
In eighth decile	3,350
In ninth decile	2,705
In top decile	1,875
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,765
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.476
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	47,965
English only	44,715
French only	15
English and French	3,195
Neither English nor French	40
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	47,965
English	47,320
French	540
English and French	70
Neither English nor French	35
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	47,965
Single responses	47,580
Official languages	46,320
English	45,735
French	580
Non-official languages	1,265
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,260
Afro-Asiatic languages	85
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	85
Amharic	0
Arabic	85
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	90
Kannada	0
Malayalam	85
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	830
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	105
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	100
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	450
Frisian	0
High German languages	325
German	305
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	150
Indo-Aryan languages	135
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125
Catalan	5
Italian	20
Portuguese	35
Romanian	5
Spanish	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	60
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45
Chinese languages	45
Hakka	0
Mandarin	35
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	10
Finnish	5
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	380
English and French	195
English and non-official language(s)	150
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	47,965
English	46,190
French	100
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	460
English and non-official language(s)	865
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	47,965
Single responses	47,735
Official languages	47,175
English	47,035
French	140
Non-official languages	565
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	55
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	55
Amharic	0
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	25
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	0
Malayalam	85
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	315
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	135
Frisian	0
High German languages	120
German	110
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	110
Indo-Aryan languages	105
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	5
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	225
English and French	85
English and non-official language(s)	135
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	47,960
None	46,745
English	280
French	355
Non-official language	455
Indigenous³⁹	25
Non-Indigenous	430
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,765
Official languages	47,725
English	47,700
French	3,220
Non-official languages	2,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	25
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20
Mi'kmaq	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	120
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	120
Amharic	0
Arabic	115
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	125
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	205
Kannada	15
Malayalam	180
Tamil	60
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,760
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	170
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	165
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	55
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	40
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	860
Frisian	0
High German languages	650
German	650
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170
Afrikaans	70
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	60
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	220
Indo-Aryan languages	200
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	165
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580
Catalan	0
Italian	80
Portuguese	65
Romanian	0
Spanish	450
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	80
American Sign Language	70
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	80
Chinese languages	80
Hakka	0
Mandarin	60
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,765
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,940
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,880
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,120
Métis	735
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50
Non-Indigenous identity	45,820
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,765
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	495
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,445
Owner	18,055
Renter	4,350
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	35
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,445
Condominium	380
Not condominium	22,065
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,445
No bedrooms	50
1 bedroom	1,960
2 bedrooms	6,650
3 bedrooms	9,690
4 or more bedrooms	4,095
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,445
1 to 4 rooms	4,120
5 rooms	4,245
6 rooms	4,385
7 rooms	3,385
8 or more rooms	6,315
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,445
One person or fewer per room	22,355
More than one person per room	90
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,445
Suitable	22,000
Not suitable	445
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,445
1960 or before	7,245
1961 to 1980	5,950
1981 to 1990	2,855
1991 to 2000	2,425
2001 to 2005	1,130
2006 to 2010	1,170
2011 to 2015	860
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	815
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,445
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,420
Major repairs needed	2,025
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,445
One-maintainer household	11,870
Two-maintainer household	10,090
Three-or-more-maintainer household	485
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,445
15 to 24 years	335
25 to 34 years	1,885
35 to 44 years	2,585
45 to 54 years	3,445
55 to 64 years	5,110
65 to 74 years	5,135
75 to 84 years	2,875
85 years and over	1,065
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,265
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,975
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,285
30% to less than 100%	2,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,445
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,275
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,880
Not suitable only	345
Major repairs needed only	1,575
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	375
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	17,170
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	21,950
In core need	2,140
Not in core need	19,810
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,940
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	675
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	873
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	295,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,345
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	917
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	35
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	100
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,765
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	680
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	670
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	495
Métis single ancestry	150
Inuit single ancestry	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,175
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,580
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,910
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,765
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	46,520
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,855
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	39,670
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,245
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,765
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,565
Immigrants⁸¹	2,970
Before 1980	1,210
1980 to 1990	290
1991 to 2000	245
2001 to 2010	475
2011 to 2021⁸²	745
2011 to 2015	345
2016 to 2021	400
Non-permanent residents⁸³	225
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,970
Under 5 years	360
5 to 14 years	470
15 to 24 years	470
25 to 44 years	1,230
45 years and over	435
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,970
Americas	685
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	15
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	595
Other places of birth in Americas	40
Europe	1,665
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	40
Germany	245
Greece	0
Hungary	15
Italy	10
Netherlands	70
Poland	25
Portugal	25
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,015
Other places of birth in Europe	190
Africa	110
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	60
Other places of birth in Africa	25
Asia	445
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	15
Taiwan	0
Philippines	70
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	0
India	185
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	400
Americas	80
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	70
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	30
Africa	15
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	230
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	130
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	35
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,765
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,550
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,450
Third generation or more¹⁰²	40,765
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,755
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,055
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	515
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	535
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	595
Refugees¹⁰⁸	95
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,755
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	370
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,175
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,765
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,160
South Asian	370
Chinese	120
Black	240
Filipino	130
Arab	115
Latin American	50
Southeast Asian	30
West Asian	10
Korean	35
Japanese	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	46,605
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,765
Canadian	9,385
English	10,265
Irish	7,445
Scottish	8,185
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,280
German	13,025
Chinese	145
Italian	495
Indian (India)	345
Ukrainian	295
Dutch	1,935
Polish	400
Québécois	110
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,140
Filipino	120
French Canadian	270
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,235
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	715
Métis	695
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,355
Russian	170
Norwegian	330
Welsh	1,055
Portuguese	115
American	505
Spanish	230
Swedish	230
Hungarian	130
Acadian	1,120
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65
Jewish	110
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40
Greek	175
Jamaican	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115
Korean	35
Romanian	40
Lebanese	255
Iranian	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225
Danish	200
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	255
Sikh	0
Austrian	90
Belgian	115
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	35
Mennonite	35
Swiss	430
Finnish	30
Sri Lankan	15
Croatian	40
Japanese	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	825
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125
Muslim	0
Egyptian	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	55
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	10
Syrian	20
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50
Serbian	25
Ojibway	65
Newfoundlander	390
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	120
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	15
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15
Lithuanian	30
South African	70
Australian	35
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	1,645
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	20
Macedonian	20
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95
New Brunswicker	65
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	25
Israeli	0
Mohawk	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15
Cuban	15
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	35
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	45
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60
British Columbian	20
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	20
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	15
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	75
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	20
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	85
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	45
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	15
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	30
Maliseet	30
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	65
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,765
Buddhist	100
Christian	27,220
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,735
Anabaptist	55
Anglican	7,215
Baptist	3,245
Catholic	4,995
Christian Orthodox	65
Jehovah's Witness	120
Latter Day Saints	205
Lutheran	3,790
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	360
Presbyterian	510
Reformed	0
United Church	3,935
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	900
Hindu	110
Jewish	60
Muslim	105
Sikh	45
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350
No religion and secular perspectives	19,775
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	47,485
Non-movers	42,855
Movers	4,630
Non-migrants	1,910
Migrants	2,715
Internal migrants	2,570
Intraprovincial migrants	1,415
Interprovincial migrants	1,150
External migrants	150
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	46,035
Non-movers	31,855
Movers	14,180
Non-migrants	4,095
Migrants	10,080
Internal migrants	9,285
Intraprovincial migrants	6,055
Interprovincial migrants	3,225
External migrants	800
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,990
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,835
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,160
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,755
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,990
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,440
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,425
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,545
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,130
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,170
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,540
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	870
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,880
Bachelor's degree	5,285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235
Master's degree	1,670
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,215
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,130
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,800
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,460
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,135
Bachelor's degree	3,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145
Master's degree	1,045
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,565
Education	1,675
13. Education	1,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70
50. Visual and performing arts	705
Humanities	1,030
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70
23. English language and literature/letters	375
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	175
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,910
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420
22. Legal professions and studies	305
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50
42. Psychology	300
45. Social sciences	630
Business, management and public administration	4,585
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	220
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	595
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	485
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,365
04. Architecture and related services	100
14. Engineering	440
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,465
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,460
48. Precision production	650
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	265
Health and related fields	3,570
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,300
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,640
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	450
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,410
Education	955
13. Education	955
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60
50. Visual and performing arts	490
Humanities	545
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	110
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,365
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	350
22. Legal professions and studies	205
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	200
45. Social sciences	440
Business, management and public administration	3,070
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	400
25. Library science	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,525
04. Architecture and related services	65
14. Engineering	265
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	855
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	940
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	955
48. Precision production	445
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	390
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185
03. Natural resources and conservation	205
Health and related fields	2,340
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,175
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,185
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	740
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	280
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	24,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,800
Location of study inside Canada	13,725
Same as province or territory of residence	10,720
Different than province or territory of residence	3,010
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,075
Americas	295
United States of America	275
Mexico	15
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	430
Belgium	0
France	20
Germany	95
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	15
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30
Africa	55
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	245
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	20
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	15
Philippines	75
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	120
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	50
Australia	35
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	41,990
In the labour force	22,230
Employed	19,610
Unemployed	2,625
Not in the labour force	19,760
Participation rate	52.9
Employment rate	46.7
Unemployment rate	11.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	41,990
Did not work¹⁸⁶	19,090
Worked	22,900
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,350
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,550
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,230
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,830
Employee	17,950
Permanent position	14,685
Temporary position	3,260
Fixed term (1 year or more)	745
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,520
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,875
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,230
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,830
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	250
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,820
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070
3 Health occupations	2,160
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,250
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	805
6 Sales and service occupations	5,395
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,290
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,605
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,230
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405
All industries¹⁹¹	21,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,145
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70
22 Utilities	90
23 Construction	1,975
31-33 Manufacturing	2,705
41 Wholesale trade	430
44-45 Retail trade	2,885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	690
51 Information and cultural industries	310
52 Finance and insurance	415
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	270
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,190
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,120
61 Educational services	1,395
62 Health care and social assistance	3,285
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	560
72 Accommodation and food services	1,125
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,050
91 Public administration	1,125
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,585
English	24,075
French	85
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	340
English and non-official language(s)	75
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,585
Single responses	24,550
Official languages	24,535
English	24,415
French	120
Non-official languages	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	30
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,585
None	24,195
English	40
French	270
Non-official language	65
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	60
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,605
Worked at home	3,200
Worked outside Canada	40
No fixed workplace address	3,080
Usual place of work	13,290
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,290
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,760
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,525
Commute to a different province or territory	115
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,365
Car, truck or van	15,040
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,920
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,120
Public transit	65
Walked	775
Bicycle	40
Other method	450
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,365
Less than 15 minutes	6,820
15 to 29 minutes	5,255
30 to 44 minutes	2,140
45 to 59 minutes	860
60 minutes and over	1,295
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,365
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,195
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,055
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,200
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,225
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,640
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,120
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	670
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,455
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,260
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	545
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,720

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table