Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Antigonish, County (CTY)More information: Nova Scotia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,129	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,301	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,145	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,711	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,456.42	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,130	9,735	10,395
0 to 14 years	3,020	1,575	1,450
0 to 4 years	815	410	410
5 to 9 years	1,060	560	495
10 to 14 years	1,150	605	545
15 to 64 years	12,275	5,925	6,350
15 to 19 years	1,205	605	600
20 to 24 years	1,330	635	695
25 to 29 years	1,025	530	500
30 to 34 years	960	470	495
35 to 39 years	1,125	535	585
40 to 44 years	1,120	555	570
45 to 49 years	1,190	550	635
50 to 54 years	1,290	620	665
55 to 59 years	1,460	690	765
60 to 64 years	1,565	735	835
65 years and over	4,830	2,235	2,595
65 to 69 years	1,530	720	805
70 to 74 years	1,335	650	690
75 to 79 years	890	435	450
80 to 84 years	540	240	300
85 years and over	530	185	350
85 to 89 years	335	115	210
90 to 94 years	150	55	95
95 to 99 years	45	10	35
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	16.2	13.9
15 to 64 years	61.0	60.9	61.1
65 years and over	24.0	23.0	25.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.4
Average age of the population	44.3	43.3	45.3
Median age of the population	46.0	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,715	...	...
Single-detached house	5,870	...	...
Semi-detached house	120	...	...
Row house	135	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	450	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	915	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,710	...	...
1 person	2,755	...	...
2 persons	3,235	...	...
3 persons	1,160	...	...
4 persons	960	...	...
5 or more persons	605	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,830	9,635	10,190
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,105	8,155	8,950
Married or living common-law	9,615	4,795	4,820
Married	7,920	3,950	3,965
Living common-law	1,695	845	855
Living common law - Never married	1,265	635	635
Living common law - Separated	85	40	50
Living common law - Divorced	320	165	155
Living common law - Widowed	25	5	20
Not married and not living common-law	7,490	3,360	4,125
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,935	2,535	2,400
Not married and not living common law - Separated	495	205	295
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	930	380	550
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,130	250	880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,670	...	...
2 persons	3,250	...	...
3 persons	1,065	...	...
4 persons	875	...	...
5 or more persons	480	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,670	...	...
Total couple families	4,715	...	...
Married couples	3,870	...	...
With children⁶	1,710	...	...
Without children	2,155	...	...
Common-law couples	850	...	...
With children⁶	325	...	...
Without children	525	...	...
Total one-parent families	955	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	750	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	210	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,830	9,635	10,190
Total - Persons in census families	15,780	7,805	7,975
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,435	4,705	4,725
Parents in one-parent families	955	205	745
Children⁶	5,390	2,890	2,495
In a two-parent family	3,865	2,050	1,815
In a one-parent family	1,525	840	685
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,045	1,835	2,215
Living alone	2,755	1,195	1,555
Living with other relatives⁷	350	150	195
Living with non-relatives only	950	485	460
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,710	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,205	...	...
Couple-family households	4,445	...	...
With children⁶	1,920	...	...
Without children	2,530	...	...
One-parent-family households	760	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	160	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	170	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	395	...	...
One-person households	2,755	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,805	8,070	8,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,270	7,785	8,475
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,280	7,795	8,485
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,375	6,985	7,385
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,285	5,705	5,585
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	33,200	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,410	6,150	7,260
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	13,000	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,760	1,615	1,140
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	9,300	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,295	2,045	2,245
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,550	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,805	8,065	8,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,250	7,780	8,470
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920	52,750	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,255	7,780	8,475
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,760	42,280	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,445	7,030	7,415
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	46,920	35,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,285	5,730	5,560
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,080	46,040	36,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,405	6,075	7,330
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,880	13,220	12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,795	1,665	1,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,150	10,200	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,225	1,940	2,285
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,830	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,805	8,070	8,740
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,800	2,495	2,300
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	72,300	60,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,140	2,525	2,620
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	18,000	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,720	29,080	20,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	80.4	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.9	64.4	56.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	19.6	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	4.1	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.7	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,805	8,065	8,740
Without total income	540	280	265
With total income	16,265	7,790	8,480
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,350	585	770
$10,000 to $19,999	2,100	860	1,245
$20,000 to $29,999	2,870	1,275	1,600
$30,000 to $39,999	2,220	1,015	1,205
$40,000 to $49,999	2,075	935	1,140
$50,000 to $59,999	1,540	765	775
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	560	450
$70,000 to $79,999	790	445	340
$80,000 to $89,999	645	335	310
$90,000 to $99,999	460	240	215
$100,000 and over	1,210	775	435
$100,000 to $149,999	855	520	340
$150,000 and over	355	255	100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,805	8,065	8,740
Without after-tax income	525	265	255
With after-tax income	16,280	7,800	8,480
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,430	615	815
$10,000 to $19,999	2,230	925	1,300
$20,000 to $29,999	3,350	1,500	1,855
$30,000 to $39,999	2,850	1,340	1,505
$40,000 to $49,999	2,265	1,075	1,190
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	810	615
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	500	505
$70,000 to $79,999	660	335	325
$80,000 to $89,999	350	190	155
$90,000 to $99,999	255	175	80
$100,000 and over	470	330	140
$100,000 to $124,999	240	160	75
$125,000 and over	230	160	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,805	8,065	8,740
Without employment income	5,515	2,365	3,155
With employment income	11,290	5,705	5,585
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,685	815	875
$5,000 to $9,999	1,090	505	585
$10,000 to $19,999	1,485	720	760
$20,000 to $29,999	1,250	620	635
$30,000 to $39,999	1,225	585	645
$40,000 to $49,999	985	430	560
$50,000 to $59,999	780	435	345
$60,000 to $69,999	600	335	260
$70,000 to $79,999	510	290	215
$80,000 to $89,999	450	225	225
$90,000 to $99,999	390	185	200
$100,000 and over	835	565	275
$100,000 to $124,999	410	245	170
$125,000 and over	425	320	110
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,805	8,070	8,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,985	7,655	8,325
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,985	7,660	8,330
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,350	6,985	7,360
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,535	5,830	5,700
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,025	5,370	6,655
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	10,700	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,735	1,590	1,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	9,200	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,805	8,065	8,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,005	7,650	8,350
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	53,100	38,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,005	7,650	8,350
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,560	42,360	33,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,410	7,020	7,390
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	49,560	34,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,535	5,820	5,715
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,120	47,600	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,020	5,305	6,715
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,440	10,940	10,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,800	1,615	1,190
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,810	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,805	8,070	8,740
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,760	2,455	2,310
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	61,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,950	69,100	54,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,890	2,390	2,500
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	37,440	23,580
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	85.8	79.2
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.2	60.9
Government transfers (%)	17.2	14.3	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.9	3.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,710	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,755	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,960	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,715	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,750	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,960	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,710	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	520	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	360	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	370	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	405	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	375	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	710	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	665	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	570	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	560	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,860	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	655	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	735	...	...
$200,000 and over	500	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,710	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	555	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	495	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	445	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	405	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	865	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	790	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	665	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	635	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	475	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,005	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	905	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	520	...	...
$150,000 and over	585	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,645	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,560	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,065	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	885	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,700	1,680	2,020
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	32,800	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	29,800	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,625	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,555	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,090	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,745	1,695	2,050
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,080	43,960	38,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,360	34,840	33,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,825	9,640	10,190
0 to 17 years	3,685	1,910	1,775
0 to 5 years	1,010	515	495
18 to 64 years	11,555	5,565	5,990
65 years and over	4,580	2,160	2,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,840	1,305	1,540
0 to 17 years	550	280	270
0 to 5 years	175	95	80
18 to 64 years	1,420	680	740
65 years and over	870	345	525
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.5	15.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	14.7	15.1
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	18.8	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	12.2	12.4
65 years and over (%)	19.0	16.0	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,455	9,465	9,990
0 to 17 years	3,560	1,845	1,710
0 to 5 years	975	500	470
18 to 64 years	11,330	5,465	5,865
65 years and over	4,570	2,155	2,415
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	790	405	385
0 to 17 years	100	55	50
0 to 5 years	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	635	330	300
65 years and over	55	25	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.1	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,830	9,640	10,190
In bottom half of the distribution	11,630	5,465	6,170
In bottom decile	2,565	1,190	1,380
In second decile	2,415	1,075	1,330
In third decile	2,335	1,120	1,220
In fourth decile	2,220	1,055	1,165
In fifth decile	2,090	1,015	1,070
In top half of the distribution	8,200	4,180	4,020
In sixth decile	2,040	1,035	1,005
In seventh decile	1,960	975	990
In eighth decile	1,805	930	880
In ninth decile	1,400	720	680
In top decile	985	520	470
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,825	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,950	9,670	10,280
English only	17,725	8,730	8,995
French only	5	5	0
English and French	2,190	925	1,260
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,950	9,670	10,280
English	19,430	9,455	9,980
French	445	180	265
English and French	40	25	20
Neither English nor French	30	15	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,950	9,670	10,280
Single responses	19,630	9,520	10,110
Official languages	18,765	9,075	9,685
English	18,265	8,865	9,395
French	500	205	290
Non-official languages	870	445	420
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35
Algonquian languages	55	20	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	55	20	30
Mi'kmaq	55	20	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	425	385
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	45	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	45	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	65	60
Bikol	5	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	45	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	30	20
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	15	15	0
Tamil	20	10	5
Telugu	15	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	440	235	205
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	30
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	20	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	160	85	70
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	35	20
German	45	30	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	90	50	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	145	90	60
Indo-Aryan languages	140	85	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	10	5	0
Hindi	25	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	60	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	5	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35
Chinese languages	60	25	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	320	150	170
English and French	180	80	95
English and non-official language(s)	125	55	65
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,950	9,670	10,280
English	18,615	9,025	9,595
French	80	35	45
Non-official language	190	110	80
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	190	105	80
English and French	360	150	205
English and non-official language(s)	640	325	315
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,950	9,670	10,280
Single responses	19,780	9,595	10,190
Official languages	19,365	9,370	10,000
English	19,240	9,315	9,925
French	125	50	75
Non-official languages	415	225	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	410	220	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	35	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	35	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	45	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	35	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	20	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	90	80
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0
German	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5
Afrikaans	10	0	5
Dutch	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	90	50	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	40	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20
Chinese languages	45	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	170	80	95
English and French	50	15	30
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	60
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,950	9,665	10,280
None	19,020	9,220	9,795
English	225	110	115
French	285	125	160
Non-official language	350	175	175
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	30
Non-Indigenous	305	155	150
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,825	9,640	10,190
Official languages	19,785	9,620	10,160
English	19,780	9,615	10,160
French	2,180	895	1,285
Non-official languages	1,410	705	705
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	45	60
Algonquian languages	100	45	60
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	95	35	60
Mi'kmaq	95	35	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,315	665	650
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	25	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	100	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Cebuano	40	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	95	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Creole languages	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	15	0	10
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	60	40	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	30	20	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	795	405	390
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	15	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	15	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	105	30	70
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	75	20	50
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Germanic languages	200	105	100
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	95	50	50
German	95	50	50
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	45	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	85	40	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	135	100
Indo-Aryan languages	235	135	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10
Gujarati	30	20	20
Hindi	150	85	70
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	70	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	130	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	25
Portuguese	20	15	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	160	105	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	20
Korean	15	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15
American Sign Language	15	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60
Chinese languages	105	45	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	40	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,825	9,640	10,190
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,495	680	815
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,445	660	790
First Nations (North American Indian)	640	260	380
Métis	790	385	405
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous identity	18,335	8,955	9,375
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,825	9,640	10,190
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	545	245	305
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,275	9,390	9,885
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,715	...	...
Owner	6,385	...	...
Renter	2,215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,715	...	...
Condominium	190	...	...
Not condominium	8,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,715	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...
1 bedroom	790	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,995	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,365	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,715	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,930	...	...
5 rooms	1,545	...	...
6 rooms	1,365	...	...
7 rooms	1,240	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,630	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,715	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,650	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,715	...	...
Suitable	8,455	...	...
Not suitable	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,715	...	...
1960 or before	1,440	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,500	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,290	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,340	...	...
2001 to 2005	480	...	...
2006 to 2010	635	...	...
2011 to 2015	470	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,715	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,125	...	...
Major repairs needed	585	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,715	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,815	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,715	...	...
15 to 24 years	430	...	...
25 to 34 years	805	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,180	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,405	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,770	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,830	...	...
75 to 84 years	930	...	...
85 years and over	355	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,525	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,275	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,710	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,980	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,175	...	...
Not suitable only	190	...	...
Major repairs needed only	485	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,730	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,340	...	...
In core need	420	...	...
Not in core need	7,925	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	915	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	226,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	254,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	989	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	115	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	185	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,830	9,635	10,190
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	550	245	300
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	535	240	295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	390	185	210
Métis single ancestry	130	55	80
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,060	490	570
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,055	490	565
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	455	210	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	600	280	320
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,215	8,900	9,315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,825	9,635	10,190
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,175	9,295	9,880
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,570	1,860	1,710
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,610	7,435	8,170
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	650	345	310
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,825	9,635	10,190
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,490	8,955	9,535
Immigrants⁸¹	1,040	515	525
Before 1980	410	190	220
1980 to 1990	35	10	25
1991 to 2000	70	45	25
2001 to 2010	130	45	85
2011 to 2021⁸²	400	225	170
2011 to 2015	195	105	90
2016 to 2021	205	125	85
Non-permanent residents⁸³	295	165	130
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,035	515	525
Under 5 years	150	60	95
5 to 14 years	225	140	80
15 to 24 years	145	60	80
25 to 44 years	420	200	220
45 years and over	100	50	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,035	515	525
Americas	275	110	160
Brazil	10	10	0
Colombia	20	0	15
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	195	65	125
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	0
Europe	335	170	160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	45	35	15
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	75	50	25
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	65	75
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	25
Africa	60	35	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	15	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15
Asia	365	200	165
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	35	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	155	95	60
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	65	35	25
Pakistan	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	200	125	80
Americas	25	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	20	15	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	155	85	65
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	15	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0
Philippines	80	45	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,825	9,640	10,190
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,490	760	735
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,465	710	760
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,875	8,175	8,700
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	630	325	300
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	385	210	170
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	170	100	70
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	210	115	100
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	195	95	100
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	15	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	630	325	300
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	170	95	75
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	20	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	385	195	180
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,825	9,640	10,190
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,345	735	610
South Asian	295	175	120
Chinese	160	65	95
Black	455	235	215
Filipino	190	115	80
Arab	65	25	40
Latin American	75	50	25
Southeast Asian	30	20	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	25	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	20	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,485	8,905	9,580
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,825	9,635	10,185
Canadian	2,715	1,245	1,465
English	3,160	1,490	1,670
Irish	5,310	2,425	2,890
Scottish	8,415	4,135	4,275
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,535	1,660	1,875
German	1,115	540	575
Chinese	150	55	95
Italian	260	135	120
Indian (India)	210	125	85
Ukrainian	175	100	80
Dutch	935	485	450
Polish	195	115	80
Québécois	40	15	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	355	185	165
Filipino	125	80	50
French Canadian	180	85	95
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	880	425	455
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	235	100	135
Métis	755	340	415
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	565	305	265
Russian	45	25	20
Norwegian	95	45	45
Welsh	280	120	160
Portuguese	45	15	35
American	165	80	85
Spanish	50	15	35
Swedish	70	20	55
Hungarian	50	25	25
Acadian	1,675	835	840
Pakistani	20	15	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	60	55
Jewish	75	40	35
Punjabi	45	25	15
Vietnamese	10	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	50	25	25
Jamaican	25	10	20
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	70	40
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	15
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	20	20
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60	25	35
Danish	100	35	65
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	35	35
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	40	10	35
Belgian	105	60	45
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	25	10	15
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	35	10	25
Japanese	40	20	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	485	235	255
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	25	30
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	10
Colombian	40	25	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	40	30	15
Syrian	40	10	30
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	30	55
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15
Newfoundlander	115	50	65
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	30	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	0
Lithuanian	20	10	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	530	255	270
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	15	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	75	40	25
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	50	70
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	110	25	80
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	20	15	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	50	35
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,825	9,640	10,190
Buddhist	55	25	30
Christian	14,635	6,970	7,665
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	465	260	210
Anabaptist	10	0	10
Anglican	555	255	300
Baptist	310	165	150
Catholic	11,715	5,535	6,180
Christian Orthodox	45	35	10
Jehovah's Witness	45	25	20
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10
Lutheran	30	20	15
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	25	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	110	40	70
Presbyterian	175	90	85
Reformed	15	10	0
United Church	870	410	460
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	245	110	140
Hindu	130	70	60
Jewish	20	10	10
Muslim	75	30	40
Sikh	100	65	35
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	15	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	40	35
No religion and secular perspectives	4,695	2,415	2,275
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,690	9,580	10,110
Non-movers	17,305	8,370	8,935
Movers	2,385	1,205	1,175
Non-migrants	1,210	670	540
Migrants	1,175	540	635
Internal migrants	990	460	525
Intraprovincial migrants	475	230	255
Interprovincial migrants	510	230	275
External migrants	190	80	110
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,030	9,230	9,795
Non-movers	12,410	6,025	6,390
Movers	6,615	3,210	3,410
Non-migrants	1,715	910	800
Migrants	4,905	2,300	2,610
Internal migrants	4,435	2,060	2,375
Intraprovincial migrants	2,960	1,375	1,585
Interprovincial migrants	1,470	685	785
External migrants	470	235	230
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,805	8,070	8,740
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,040	1,675	1,370
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,760	6,390	7,370
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,670	4,630	5,045
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	935	590	350
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,735	4,035	4,700
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,805	8,065	8,740
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,680	1,420	1,260
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,030	1,925	2,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,100	4,730	5,375
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,545	2,850	2,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,670	1,235	435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	795	470	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	880	765	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,525	1,480	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	345	135	210
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,555	1,870	2,685
Bachelor's degree	2,990	1,210	1,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	70	150
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	55	40
Master's degree	940	350	585
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	190	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,675	4,625	5,045
No certificate, diploma or degree	795	485	315
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,915	935	985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,955	3,210	3,745
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,740	1,980	1,760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,070	805	265
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	495	310	190
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	570	490	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,470	1,080	1,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	100	105
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,220	1,230	1,990
Bachelor's degree	2,105	790	1,310
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	60	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	40	35
Master's degree	700	230	470
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	110	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,805	8,065	8,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,705	3,340	3,365
Education	1,010	300	710
13. Education	1,010	300	710
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	50	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	150	45	100
Humanities	545	220	330
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	165	65	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	40	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	15	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	35
54. History	100	60	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	820	230	590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	25	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	30	170
22. Legal professions and studies	60	15	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0
42. Psychology	170	30	135
45. Social sciences	300	110	190
Business, management and public administration	1,830	555	1,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	15	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,675	540	1,135
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	240	280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	75	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	40	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	205	125	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	165	95	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	70	40
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,325	2,175	150
04. Architecture and related services	25	20	10
14. Engineering	270	210	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400	360	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	760	745	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	515	510	10
48. Precision production	355	335	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	185	90
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	80	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	110	45
Health and related fields	1,730	305	1,425
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	85	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,570	210	1,360
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	720	375	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	395	80	315
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	55	45	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	245	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,670	4,630	5,045
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,715	1,415	1,300
Education	640	155	485
13. Education	640	155	485
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130	45	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	120	45	80
Humanities	390	150	240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	100	30	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	20	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	15
54. History	85	50	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	625	155	470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	25	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	20	135
22. Legal professions and studies	45	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	10	0
42. Psychology	115	15	105
45. Social sciences	240	75	160
Business, management and public administration	1,180	360	820
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	10	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,055	355	700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	335	150	185
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	45	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	20	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	140	80	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	70	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	55	35
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,580	1,470	110
04. Architecture and related services	15	15	10
14. Engineering	170	130	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	265	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	515	505	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	335	335	0
48. Precision production	235	225	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	135	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	55	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	85	45
Health and related fields	1,190	220	965
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	50	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,100	160	940
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	540	285	255
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	300	70	235
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	35	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	175	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,670	4,630	5,045
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,715	1,415	1,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,955	3,210	3,745
Location of study inside Canada	6,475	2,965	3,505
Same as province or territory of residence	5,270	2,420	2,855
Different than province or territory of residence	1,200	555	650
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	480	245	240
Americas	160	80	80
United States of America	135	65	70
Mexico	15	10	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	85	40	45
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	15	10	0
Nigeria	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	205	105	100
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Philippines	85	40	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	60	30	30
Pakistan	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	10
Australia	10	0	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,805	8,065	8,740
In the labour force	10,165	5,085	5,080
Employed	8,905	4,460	4,445
Unemployed	1,265	630	635
Not in the labour force	6,635	2,980	3,655
Participation rate	60.5	63.1	58.1
Employment rate	53.0	55.3	50.9
Unemployment rate	12.4	12.4	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,805	8,065	8,735
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,390	2,810	3,580
Worked	10,420	5,255	5,160
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,935	2,585	2,350
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,480	2,670	2,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.9	38.4	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,165	5,085	5,080
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	85	100
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,980	5,000	4,985
Employee	8,930	4,315	4,615
Permanent position	6,625	3,165	3,465
Temporary position	2,300	1,155	1,150
Fixed term (1 year or more)	490	185	305
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,815	970	850
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,050	680	370
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,165	5,085	5,080
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	85	100
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,980	5,000	4,985
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	65	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,235	330	910
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	450	350	105
3 Health occupations	1,125	195	930
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,650	555	1,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	170	60	115
6 Sales and service occupations	2,530	1,010	1,520
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,790	1,710	85
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	505	120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	295	235	60
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,165	5,085	5,080
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	85	100
All industries¹⁹¹	9,980	5,000	4,985
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	680	505	175
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	105	15
22 Utilities	75	55	20
23 Construction	975	885	90
31-33 Manufacturing	405	330	80
41 Wholesale trade	105	75	30
44-45 Retail trade	1,320	620	705
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	210	170	40
51 Information and cultural industries	90	35	55
52 Finance and insurance	200	50	150
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	75	40	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	410	255	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	245	140	105
61 Educational services	1,595	620	975
62 Health care and social assistance	1,720	305	1,415
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	140	75	70
72 Accommodation and food services	765	335	425
81 Other services (except public administration)	395	165	230
91 Public administration	450	240	215
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,155	5,625	5,525
English	10,825	5,495	5,325
French	55	15	45
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	165	55	110
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,155	5,625	5,525
Single responses	11,105	5,595	5,510
Official languages	11,070	5,575	5,495
English	11,000	5,555	5,440
French	70	15	55
Non-official languages	40	20	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	25	20
English and French	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,155	5,625	5,525
None	10,930	5,535	5,400
English	35	20	20
French	125	35	85
Non-official language	30	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	10
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,905	4,460	4,445
Worked at home	1,140	510	630
Worked outside Canada	30	25	0
No fixed workplace address	1,315	1,045	270
Usual place of work	6,415	2,880	3,535
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,415	2,880	3,535
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,180	1,025	1,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,215	1,200	2,010
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	945	595	355
Commute to a different province or territory	80	60	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,730	3,925	3,810
Car, truck or van	7,035	3,540	3,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,335	3,235	3,095
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	700	300	400
Public transit	30	20	10
Walked	490	265	225
Bicycle	25	15	10
Other method	150	85	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,730	3,925	3,810
Less than 15 minutes	3,755	1,805	1,950
15 to 29 minutes	2,465	1,140	1,330
30 to 44 minutes	835	520	315
45 to 59 minutes	310	190	120
60 minutes and over	360	270	90
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,730	3,925	3,810
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	600	430	170
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,470	915	560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,370	1,115	1,255
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,615	620	995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	565	195	370
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,105	650	460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,770	1,950	1,810
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	640	335	305
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,130	1,620	1,510
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,885	1,510	1,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	495	260	235
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	190	185
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	120	75	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,390	1,255	1,140

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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