Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Richmond, County (CTY)More information: Nova Scotia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	8,914	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,964	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,230	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,100	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,246.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	8,915	4,350	4,565
0 to 14 years	1,025	520	510
0 to 4 years	315	155	160
5 to 9 years	335	165	165
10 to 14 years	380	200	180
15 to 64 years	5,090	2,465	2,625
15 to 19 years	420	195	225
20 to 24 years	355	180	170
25 to 29 years	350	175	170
30 to 34 years	380	175	200
35 to 39 years	385	190	185
40 to 44 years	420	190	230
45 to 49 years	550	275	275
50 to 54 years	630	310	315
55 to 59 years	740	350	390
60 to 64 years	860	405	450
65 years and over	2,800	1,365	1,435
65 to 69 years	880	460	415
70 to 74 years	775	380	395
75 to 79 years	530	260	265
80 to 84 years	325	140	185
85 years and over	290	130	165
85 to 89 years	190	80	110
90 to 94 years	75	40	30
95 to 99 years	25	5	20
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.5	12.0	11.2
15 to 64 years	57.1	56.7	57.5
65 years and over	31.4	31.4	31.4
85 years and over	3.3	3.0	3.6
Average age of the population	49.7	49.3	50.0
Median age of the population	54.4	54.4	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,100	...	...
Single-detached house	3,640	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...
Row house	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	160	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,100	...	...
1 person	1,315	...	...
2 persons	1,700	...	...
3 persons	510	...	...
4 persons	385	...	...
5 or more persons	185	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,795	4,295	4,500
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,885	3,830	4,055
Married or living common-law	4,530	2,260	2,265
Married	3,760	1,875	1,885
Living common-law	765	385	380
Living common law - Never married	515	255	260
Living common law - Separated	45	25	20
Living common law - Divorced	175	90	85
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	20
Not married and not living common-law	3,360	1,570	1,790
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,935	1,050	885
Not married and not living common law - Separated	220	105	120
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	480	245	235
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	715	170	550
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,720	...	...
2 persons	1,770	...	...
3 persons	480	...	...
4 persons	345	...	...
5 or more persons	120	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,715	...	...
Total couple families	2,225	...	...
Married couples	1,845	...	...
With children⁶	640	...	...
Without children	1,205	...	...
Common-law couples	380	...	...
With children⁶	145	...	...
Without children	235	...	...
Total one-parent families	490	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	370	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	8,795	4,295	4,500
Total - Persons in census families	7,020	3,430	3,590
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,455	2,225	2,225
Parents in one-parent families	495	125	365
Children⁶	2,075	1,080	995
In a two-parent family	1,360	705	650
In a one-parent family	715	375	345
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,775	865	910
Living alone	1,320	650	670
Living with other relatives⁷	220	100	125
Living with non-relatives only	230	110	115
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,100	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,430	...	...
Couple-family households	2,045	...	...
With children⁶	715	...	...
Without children	1,335	...	...
One-parent-family households	385	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	105	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	100	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	...	...
One-person households	1,320	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,765	3,775	3,995
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,540	3,685	3,855
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,535	3,685	3,855
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	33,600	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,020	3,075	2,945
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	27,800	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,355	2,250	2,105
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	28,800	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,630	3,200	3,430
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,000	16,200	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,810	1,090	720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	11,200	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,725	910	820
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,770	3,770	4,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,555	3,670	3,885
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,480	34,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,555	3,670	3,885
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,240	40,000	30,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,070	3,115	2,950
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,640	43,160	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,355	2,285	2,070
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,960	46,440	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,585	3,165	3,420
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,420	14,840	14,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,765	1,080	685
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,940	10,740	8,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,750	960	785
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,160	8,180	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,765	3,770	3,995
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,580	745	840
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	62,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	83,800	53,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,160	1,210	945
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,400	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,680	31,850	20,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	74.2	64.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9	58.5	50.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.9	25.9	35.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.5	6.4	4.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.3	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,770	3,775	3,995
Without total income	230	90	135
With total income	7,535	3,685	3,855
Under $10,000 (including loss)	630	245	385
$10,000 to $19,999	1,150	405	745
$20,000 to $29,999	1,640	760	885
$30,000 to $39,999	1,135	570	565
$40,000 to $49,999	990	475	510
$50,000 to $59,999	625	345	285
$60,000 to $69,999	405	245	160
$70,000 to $79,999	300	190	115
$80,000 to $89,999	175	110	70
$90,000 to $99,999	130	80	50
$100,000 and over	350	265	85
$100,000 to $149,999	250	180	70
$150,000 and over	100	80	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,770	3,775	3,995
Without after-tax income	230	90	135
With after-tax income	7,540	3,685	3,855
Under $10,000 (including loss)	665	255	415
$10,000 to $19,999	1,220	440	785
$20,000 to $29,999	1,815	845	970
$30,000 to $39,999	1,420	725	695
$40,000 to $49,999	995	515	480
$50,000 to $59,999	590	355	235
$60,000 to $69,999	315	195	125
$70,000 to $79,999	190	125	70
$80,000 to $89,999	125	85	40
$90,000 to $99,999	65	45	20
$100,000 and over	135	105	30
$100,000 to $124,999	75	55	20
$125,000 and over	65	45	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,770	3,775	3,995
Without employment income	3,410	1,530	1,885
With employment income	4,360	2,245	2,110
Under $5,000 (including loss)	640	295	345
$5,000 to $9,999	360	160	200
$10,000 to $19,999	810	430	380
$20,000 to $29,999	510	255	255
$30,000 to $39,999	490	215	275
$40,000 to $49,999	425	180	245
$50,000 to $59,999	265	150	115
$60,000 to $69,999	215	125	90
$70,000 to $79,999	190	110	75
$80,000 to $89,999	125	70	50
$90,000 to $99,999	100	60	40
$100,000 and over	230	180	50
$100,000 to $124,999	130	95	30
$125,000 and over	100	90	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,765	3,775	3,995
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,445	3,630	3,815
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,600	26,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,450	3,630	3,825
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	33,600	24,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,130	3,130	3,005
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,800	30,400	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,590	2,380	2,210
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	31,200	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,245	2,960	3,280
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,600	14,200	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,880	1,095	780
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	11,600	7,650
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,770	3,770	4,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,410	3,600	3,810
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	51,120	33,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,425	3,600	3,825
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,760	40,560	29,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,115	3,130	2,985
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,920	47,080	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,585	2,390	2,200
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,120	32,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,215	2,915	3,295
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,030	12,620	11,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,810	1,050	765
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,240	11,300	8,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,765	3,770	3,995
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,575	730	850
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	61,600	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	87,600	51,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,085	1,190	895
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,600	15,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,960	38,900	22,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.2	80.0	70.6
Employment income (%)	61.0	65.0	55.2
Government transfers (%)	23.9	20.0	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.9	6.4	5.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,100	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,320	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,780	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,100	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,320	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,780	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	185	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	225	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	210	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	370	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	295	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	255	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	210	...	...
$100,000 and over	990	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	385	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	250	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	225	...	...
$200,000 and over	130	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	385	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	265	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	250	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	440	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	240	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	200	...	...
$100,000 and over	675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	350	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	170	...	...
$150,000 and over	155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,695	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,330	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	805	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	450	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,550	765	785
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	33,200	27,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	30,400	26,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,690	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,300	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	810	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	450	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,550	715	835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,520	39,900	35,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,280	33,200	31,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	8,800	4,295	4,500
0 to 17 years	1,285	630	655
0 to 5 years	370	180	190
18 to 64 years	4,805	2,340	2,465
65 years and over	2,705	1,330	1,380
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,545	695	845
0 to 17 years	245	115	130
0 to 5 years	90	45	50
18 to 64 years	640	305	335
65 years and over	655	275	380
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.5	16.2	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0	18.8	19.2
0 to 5 years (%)	24.4	24.0	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.0	13.7
65 years and over (%)	24.3	20.8	27.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	8,390	4,085	4,310
0 to 17 years	1,155	565	590
0 to 5 years	325	155	170
18 to 64 years	4,560	2,200	2,355
65 years and over	2,680	1,315	1,365
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	255	140	120
0 to 17 years	30	20	15
0 to 5 years	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	210	115	95
65 years and over	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.4	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.2	4.0
65 years and over (%)	0.7	0.6	0.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	8,800	4,295	4,500
In bottom half of the distribution	5,870	2,790	3,080
In bottom decile	1,220	550	670
In second decile	1,325	625	700
In third decile	1,255	615	645
In fourth decile	1,155	575	585
In fifth decile	920	440	480
In top half of the distribution	2,930	1,500	1,425
In sixth decile	945	490	455
In seventh decile	715	365	345
In eighth decile	560	285	270
In ninth decile	455	230	225
In top decile	260	135	120
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	8,795	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.498	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	8,810	4,305	4,500
English only	6,045	3,015	3,025
French only	10	5	5
English and French	2,750	1,275	1,470
Neither English nor French	5	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	8,810	4,305	4,500
English	7,370	3,630	3,745
French	1,390	655	740
English and French	40	25	20
Neither English nor French	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	8,810	4,305	4,500
Single responses	8,500	4,165	4,330
Official languages	8,185	4,010	4,180
English	6,705	3,305	3,405
French	1,480	705	775
Non-official languages	305	155	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	65	55
Algonquian languages	125	65	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	125	65	55
Mi'kmaq	125	65	55
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	90	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	160	85	75
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	135	75	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	125	65	55
German	120	70	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	315	140	175
English and French	270	115	160
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	8,810	4,305	4,500
English	7,445	3,680	3,770
French	410	180	235
Non-official language	80	45	40
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	15
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20
English and French	600	275	330
English and non-official language(s)	245	120	125
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	8,810	4,305	4,500
Single responses	8,645	4,220	4,425
Official languages	8,495	4,140	4,355
English	7,935	3,890	4,045
French	560	250	310
Non-official languages	150	80	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	25
Algonquian languages	65	35	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	35	25
Mi'kmaq	65	35	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	35	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	30	30
German	60	30	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	85	80
English and French	120	60	60
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	8,810	4,305	4,500
None	8,105	3,990	4,120
English	200	100	100
French	335	145	195
Non-official language	140	55	85
Indigenous³⁹	80	35	45
Non-Indigenous	65	25	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	8,795	4,295	4,505
Official languages	8,790	4,290	4,500
English	8,785	4,290	4,495
French	2,755	1,265	1,490
Non-official languages	525	255	270
Indigenous languages³⁹	225	130	95
Algonquian languages	215	115	95
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	215	115	95
Mi'kmaq	215	115	95
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	125	175
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	245	95	145
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	205	85	115
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	195	80	110
German	195	80	110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	25	25
American Sign Language	40	20	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,795	4,295	4,505
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,290	610	680
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,255	595	660
First Nations (North American Indian)	520	240	280
Métis	720	345	370
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15
Non-Indigenous identity	7,505	3,685	3,825
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,795	4,295	4,505
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	530	245	285
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,270	4,050	4,220
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,100	...	...
Owner	3,280	...	...
Renter	705	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,100	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...
Not condominium	4,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,100	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	310	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,055	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,760	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,100	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	790	...	...
5 rooms	840	...	...
6 rooms	770	...	...
7 rooms	620	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,085	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,100	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,085	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,100	...	...
Suitable	4,045	...	...
Not suitable	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,100	...	...
1960 or before	1,165	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,130	...	...
1981 to 1990	540	...	...
1991 to 2000	465	...	...
2001 to 2005	235	...	...
2006 to 2010	205	...	...
2011 to 2015	155	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,100	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,680	...	...
Major repairs needed	420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,100	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,275	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,720	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	100	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,100	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...
25 to 34 years	310	...	...
35 to 44 years	480	...	...
45 to 54 years	570	...	...
55 to 64 years	915	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,045	...	...
75 to 84 years	595	...	...
85 years and over	150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,950	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,470	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	480	...	...
30% to less than 100%	440	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,100	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	850	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	380	...	...
Not suitable only	45	...	...
Major repairs needed only	315	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,255	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,910	...	...
In core need	340	...	...
Not in core need	3,575	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,250	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	40.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	524	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	214,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	695	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	712	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	115	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	260	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	8,800	4,295	4,500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	565	250	315
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	525	240	285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	405	195	210
Métis single ancestry	110	45	65
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	755	365	385
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	735	350	380
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	115	125
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	490	235	260
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	7,480	3,675	3,800
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	8,800	4,295	4,500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,610	4,210	4,400
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,240	615	635
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,370	3,600	3,775
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	185	90	95
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	8,800	4,295	4,500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,450	4,150	4,300
Immigrants⁸¹	310	135	170
Before 1980	115	40	75
1980 to 1990	20	10	10
1991 to 2000	45	20	25
2001 to 2010	60	25	35
2011 to 2021⁸²	75	50	30
2011 to 2015	15	10	10
2016 to 2021	60	40	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	10	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	310	140	175
Under 5 years	25	15	10
5 to 14 years	35	0	25
15 to 24 years	45	15	30
25 to 44 years	125	55	70
45 years and over	80	45	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	310	140	175
Americas	110	50	60
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	90	45	45
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	200	90	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	110	65	45
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Poland	10	10	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	10	45
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	40	20
Americas	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	50	35	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	45	30	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	8,795	4,295	4,505
First generation¹⁰⁰	385	170	210
Second generation¹⁰¹	375	180	200
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,040	3,950	4,095
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	195	95	95
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	155	65	85
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	60	40	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	90	30	65
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	25	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	195	95	95
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	30	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	140	70	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	8,795	4,295	4,505
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	40	25	15
South Asian	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0
Black	20	20	10
Filipino	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,760	4,270	4,490
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	8,795	4,295	4,500
Canadian	895	460	435
English	1,315	620	690
Irish	1,625	815	810
Scottish	1,910	985	925
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,460	1,210	1,255
German	355	165	190
Chinese	0	0	0
Italian	80	30	50
Indian (India)	15	15	0
Ukrainian	60	25	40
Dutch	85	25	60
Polish	35	25	10
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	80	30	50
Filipino	0	0	0
French Canadian	85	25	55
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	435	215	220
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	135	45	95
Métis	655	300	355
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105	50	55
Russian	25	15	15
Norwegian	15	0	10
Welsh	105	60	45
Portuguese	0	0	0
American	30	25	10
Spanish	10	0	0
Swedish	25	15	10
Hungarian	15	0	15
Acadian	2,535	1,235	1,310
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	10
Jewish	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	20	20
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	80	40	40
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	20	0	15
Belgian	20	15	10
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	15	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	430	230	200
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	55	25	30
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	125	85	40
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	10	30
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	0	15
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	20
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	320	175	145
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	8,795	4,295	4,505
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	7,030	3,400	3,625
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	165	80	85
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	165	75	95
Baptist	60	35	25
Catholic	6,035	2,900	3,130
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	15	0	10
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	20	15	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	30	15	15
Presbyterian	85	50	35
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	330	150	175
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	120	75	45
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	45	15	30
No religion and secular perspectives	1,700	870	830
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	8,740	4,260	4,480
Non-movers	7,950	3,910	4,040
Movers	790	350	440
Non-migrants	355	160	190
Migrants	440	185	250
Internal migrants	425	180	250
Intraprovincial migrants	240	90	150
Interprovincial migrants	190	85	100
External migrants	10	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,505	4,145	4,360
Non-movers	6,305	3,115	3,190
Movers	2,195	1,025	1,170
Non-migrants	735	365	360
Migrants	1,465	655	810
Internal migrants	1,355	610	745
Intraprovincial migrants	875	390	480
Interprovincial migrants	480	215	260
External migrants	110	45	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,765	3,770	3,995
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,140	1,170	970
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,630	2,600	3,030
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,315	2,100	2,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	690	430	260
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,625	1,670	1,955
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,770	3,770	4,000
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,775	880	890
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,695	780	920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,300	2,110	2,190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,255	1,745	1,515
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,250	920	330
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	640	365	275
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	610	550	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,840	780	1,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170	45	130
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,040	370	670
Bachelor's degree	715	250	465
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	40	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	15
Master's degree	180	55	130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,315	2,105	2,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	535	295	235
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	930	465	465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,855	1,345	1,505
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,165	1,150	1,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	790	575	220
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	405	230	175
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	390	345	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,265	540	725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	30	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	690	195	490
Bachelor's degree	480	150	330
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60	20	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	10
Master's degree	125	25	100
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,770	3,770	4,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,470	1,660	1,810
Education	375	100	280
13. Education	375	100	280
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	20	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0	15
50. Visual and performing arts	75	20	50
Humanities	130	45	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	15	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10
54. History	25	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	50	230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	95
22. Legal professions and studies	55	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	60	10	50
45. Social sciences	45	20	25
Business, management and public administration	820	145	670
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	0	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	740	145	595
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	30	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	10	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	65	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	55	60
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,360	1,290	75
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275	250	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	480	470	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	300	0
48. Precision production	270	245	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	75	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45	30	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	45	15
Health and related fields	525	55	470
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	480	40	440
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	405	235	170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	180	30	145
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	180	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,315	2,105	2,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,465	755	700
Education	205	45	165
13. Education	205	45	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	10	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	10	35
Humanities	40	10	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215	35	180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	0	70
22. Legal professions and studies	45	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	45	0	40
45. Social sciences	35	15	20
Business, management and public administration	605	100	505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	0	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	540	100	445
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	20	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	50	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	40	45
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	915	860	60
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	180	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	320	315	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	205	0
48. Precision production	165	145	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	60	35	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
Health and related fields	330	30	305
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	0	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	300	20	280
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	275	160	115
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120	30	95
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	120	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,315	2,105	2,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,465	755	700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,855	1,345	1,510
Location of study inside Canada	2,715	1,290	1,425
Same as province or territory of residence	2,365	1,140	1,225
Different than province or territory of residence	345	150	200
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	140	60	85
Americas	35	0	25
United States of America	30	0	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	110	55	55
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	90	50	45
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,770	3,770	4,000
In the labour force	3,700	1,960	1,740
Employed	3,090	1,580	1,510
Unemployed	605	380	225
Not in the labour force	4,070	1,810	2,260
Participation rate	47.6	52.0	43.5
Employment rate	39.8	41.9	37.8
Unemployment rate	16.4	19.4	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,770	3,770	4,000
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,850	1,715	2,140
Worked	3,915	2,055	1,860
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,630	780	850
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,285	1,275	1,010
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.0	34.0	38.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	3,695	1,955	1,740
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	3,630	1,925	1,710
Employee	3,250	1,675	1,575
Permanent position	2,095	1,020	1,080
Temporary position	1,155	660	495
Fixed term (1 year or more)	135	65	75
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,020	590	425
Self-employed¹⁹²	380	245	140
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	3,695	1,955	1,740
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	3,630	1,925	1,710
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35	20	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	400	110	285
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	150	110	40
3 Health occupations	310	40	270
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	480	70	405
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80	25	55
6 Sales and service occupations	800	285	510
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	825	775	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265	225	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	305	260	40
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	3,695	1,955	1,740
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	25
All industries¹⁹¹	3,630	1,925	1,710
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	310	230	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	70	10
22 Utilities	45	45	0
23 Construction	355	325	30
31-33 Manufacturing	360	285	75
41 Wholesale trade	55	45	15
44-45 Retail trade	375	155	215
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	180	130	45
51 Information and cultural industries	25	10	20
52 Finance and insurance	60	20	40
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	50	45	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	140	95	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	85	60	25
61 Educational services	340	95	240
62 Health care and social assistance	560	60	505
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	65	35	30
72 Accommodation and food services	220	75	145
81 Other services (except public administration)	130	65	60
91 Public administration	210	90	125
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,225	2,195	2,030
English	3,575	1,930	1,640
French	90	30	65
Non-official language	10	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	10
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	420	160	255
English and non-official language(s)	135	65	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,225	2,195	2,030
Single responses	4,155	2,185	1,975
Official languages	4,105	2,160	1,945
English	3,940	2,110	1,835
French	165	50	115
Non-official languages	55	20	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15
Algonquian languages	25	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	15	15
Mi'kmaq	25	15	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	20
German	25	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	15	55
English and French	40	0	35
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,225	2,195	2,030
None	3,745	1,980	1,760
English	110	40	70
French	310	140	170
Non-official language	65	40	25
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous	20	20	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,090	1,580	1,515
Worked at home	335	155	170
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	610	480	130
Usual place of work	2,145	940	1,205
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,145	940	1,205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,125	430	690
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	410	185	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	570	275	290
Commute to a different province or territory	45	45	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	2,750	1,415	1,335
Car, truck or van	2,565	1,310	1,255
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,385	1,240	1,145
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	180	65	110
Public transit	15	10	0
Walked	95	40	50
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	80	55	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	2,750	1,415	1,335
Less than 15 minutes	1,140	510	630
15 to 29 minutes	815	380	435
30 to 44 minutes	450	295	155
45 to 59 minutes	175	105	70
60 minutes and over	180	130	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	2,750	1,415	1,335
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	225	180	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	580	360	215
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	765	385	380
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	525	165	355
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	225	60	175
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	430	265	170
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,320	650	670
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	470	215	255
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	840	435	410
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	980	490	490
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	350	160	190
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	125	155
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70	35	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	630	330	300

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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