Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brome-Missisquoi, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	64,786	...
Population, 2016¹	58,314	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.1	11.1
Total private dwellings²	34,331	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	29,414	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.3	39.3
Land area in square kilometres	1,650.20	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	64,790	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,855	15.2
0 to 4 years	3,025	4.7
5 to 9 years	3,295	5.1
10 to 14 years	3,535	5.5
15 to 64 years	37,870	58.5
15 to 19 years	2,965	4.6
20 to 24 years	2,455	3.8
25 to 29 years	3,040	4.7
30 to 34 years	3,285	5.1
35 to 39 years	3,665	5.7
40 to 44 years	3,900	6.0
45 to 49 years	3,540	5.5
50 to 54 years	3,785	5.8
55 to 59 years	5,345	8.2
60 to 64 years	5,900	9.1
65 years and over	17,060	26.3
65 to 69 years	5,490	8.5
70 to 74 years	4,780	7.4
75 to 79 years	3,145	4.9
80 to 84 years	1,895	2.9
85 years and over	1,755	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,085	1.7
90 to 94 years	515	0.8
95 to 99 years	140	0.2
100 years and over	10	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.2
15 to 64 years	58.5	58.5
65 years and over	26.3	26.3
85 years and over	2.7	2.7
Average age of the population	46.2	46.2
Median age of the population	49.6	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,415	100.0
Single-detached house	18,245	62.0
Semi-detached house	1,200	4.1
Row house	245	0.8
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,445	4.9
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,630	25.9
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	0.0
Other single-attached house	245	0.8
Movable dwelling⁴	395	1.3
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,410	100.0
1 person	10,005	34.0
2 persons	11,795	40.1
3 persons	3,215	10.9
4 persons	2,865	9.7
5 or more persons	1,540	5.2
Number of persons in private households	63,095	100.0
Average household size	2.2	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	54,930	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,455	60.9
Married	18,355	33.4
Living common-law	15,100	27.5
Living common law - Never married	11,420	20.8
Living common law - Separated	130	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,155	5.7
Living common law - Widowed	395	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	21,475	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,615	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	730	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,260	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,870	5.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,885	100.0
2 persons	11,745	62.2
3 persons	3,110	16.5
4 persons	2,725	14.4
5 or more persons	1,315	7.0
Average size of census families	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,890	100.0
Total couple families	16,375	86.7
Married couples	8,825	46.7
With children⁶	2,570	13.6
Without children	6,265	33.2
Common-law couples	7,545	39.9
With children⁶	3,515	18.6
Without children	4,030	21.3
Total one-parent families	2,515	13.3
in which the parent is a woman+	1,750	9.3
in which the parent is a man+	765	4.0
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	63,095	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	50,755	80.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,750	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	2,510	4.0
Children⁶	15,495	24.6
In a two-parent family	11,555	18.3
In a one-parent family	3,945	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,335	19.5
Living alone	10,000	15.8
Living with other relatives⁷	915	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,420	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,415	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,880	60.8
Couple-family households	15,680	53.3
With children⁶	5,795	19.7
Without children	9,885	33.6
One-parent-family households	2,200	7.5
Multigenerational households⁸	260	0.9
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	475	1.6
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	720	2.4
One-person households	10,005	34.0
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	53,255	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,420	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,430	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,520	89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,395	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,465	81.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,855	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,290	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	53,255	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,560	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,750	53,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,580	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	43,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,605	89.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	47,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,395	68.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	45,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,405	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,995	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,710	6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,155	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	53,255	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,475	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	69,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,075	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,760	27,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.4	58.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	53,255	100.0
Without total income	840	1.6
With total income	52,415	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,245	6.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,480	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	9,115	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,210	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,860	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,310	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,945	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,890	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	2.5
$100,000 and over	4,305	8.2
$100,000 to $149,999	2,620	5.0
$150,000 and over	1,685	3.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	53,255	100.0
Without after-tax income	820	1.5
With after-tax income	52,435	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,650	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,855	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,575	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,050	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	7,935	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,225	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,015	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	725	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,105	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	905	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,195	2.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	53,255	100.0
Without employment income	16,860	31.7
With employment income	36,395	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,840	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	3,070	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,560	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	3,910	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,740	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,590	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,815	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,290	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,575	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	855	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,865	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,700	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	53,255	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,755	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,785	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,000	88.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,735	69.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,260	73.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,345	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	53,255	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,870	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,700	51,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,905	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	41,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,170	88.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	48,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,875	69.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	45,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,430	74.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,470	10,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,415	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	6,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	53,255	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,395	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,390	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,240	33,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	84.6
Employment income (%)	62.4	62.4
Government transfers (%)	15.4	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,410	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	62,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,005	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	38,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	34,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,410	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,415	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,100	96,100
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	77,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,010	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,100	52,100
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	42,280
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,400	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,800	118,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,900	94,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,415	100.0
Under $5,000	165	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	155	0.5
$10,000 to $14,999	405	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	580	2.0
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	5.9
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185	4.0
$30,000 to $34,999	1,100	3.7
$35,000 to $39,999	1,455	4.9
$40,000 to $44,999	1,435	4.9
$45,000 to $49,999	1,395	4.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,300	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,060	7.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	6.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,660	5.6
$100,000 and over	9,390	31.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,270	11.1
$125,000 to $149,999	2,095	7.1
$150,000 to $199,999	2,100	7.1
$200,000 and over	1,920	6.5
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,415	100.0
Under $5,000	235	0.8
$5,000 to $9,999	170	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	420	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	615	2.1
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	6.4
$25,000 to $29,999	1,415	4.8
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	4.9
$35,000 to $39,999	1,720	5.8
$40,000 to $44,999	1,750	5.9
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	5.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,570	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	8.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	6.0
$100,000 and over	6,525	22.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,850	9.7
$125,000 to $149,999	1,520	5.2
$150,000 and over	2,155	7.3
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,900	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,950	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,115	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	123,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	104,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,440	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	62,400
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	56,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,425	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,850	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,900	118,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	94,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,930	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	113,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	88,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,205	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	145,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,400	117,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,350	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	73,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,250	63,250
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,470	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,960	50,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	41,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	63,095	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,700	18.5
0 to 5 years	3,645	5.8
18 to 64 years	35,440	56.2
65 years and over	15,960	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,490	...
0 to 17 years	1,195	...
0 to 5 years	380	...
18 to 64 years	3,470	...
65 years and over	2,825	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.8
65 years and over (%)	17.7	17.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	63,095	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,700	18.5
0 to 5 years	3,640	5.8
18 to 64 years	35,435	56.2
65 years and over	15,960	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,595	...
0 to 17 years	195	...
0 to 5 years	60	...
18 to 64 years	1,175	...
65 years and over	220	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	63,095	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,960	58.6
In bottom decile	6,025	9.5
In second decile	7,545	12.0
In third decile	8,090	12.8
In fourth decile	7,980	12.6
In fifth decile	7,315	11.6
In top half of the distribution	26,135	41.4
In sixth decile	6,625	10.5
In seventh decile	5,910	9.4
In eighth decile	5,160	8.2
In ninth decile	4,130	6.5
In top decile	4,305	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	63,095	63,095
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.357	0.357
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.491	0.491
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	0.301
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	63,560	100.0
English only	3,860	6.1
French only	24,725	38.9
English and French	34,895	54.9
Neither English nor French	85	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	63,560	100.0
English	11,005	17.3
French	51,650	81.3
English and French	825	1.3
Neither English nor French	75	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	63,560	100.0
Single responses	61,685	97.1
Official languages	60,200	94.7
English	9,885	15.6
French	50,310	79.2
Non-official languages	1,490	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,485	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	0.1
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	5	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	70	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,165	1.8
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	0.3
Baltic languages	20	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0
Slavic languages	165	0.3
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	25	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	65	0.1
Russian	40	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	0.6
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	285	0.4
German	230	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	60	0.1
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	60	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	25	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	0.8
Catalan	5	0.0
Italian	100	0.2
Portuguese	65	0.1
Romanian	35	0.1
Spanish	335	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	0.1
Chinese languages	70	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	55	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	20	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	0.0
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0
Hungarian	20	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,880	3.0
English and French	1,585	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	85	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	130	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	63,560	100.0
English	8,775	13.8
French	47,565	74.8
Non-official language	225	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	0.4
English and French	5,775	9.1
English and non-official language(s)	245	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	390	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	63,560	100.0
Single responses	61,765	97.2
Official languages	61,295	96.4
English	10,600	16.7
French	50,695	79.8
Non-official languages	475	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	20	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	350	0.6
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0
Russian	25	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	45	0.1
German	40	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	5	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	0.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	15	0.0
Portuguese	20	0.0
Romanian	5	0.0
Spanish	195	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	0.1
Chinese languages	40	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	35	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	20	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,795	2.8
English and French	1,565	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	85	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	63,560	100.0
None	58,230	91.6
English	2,825	4.4
French	1,655	2.6
Non-official language	405	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	400	0.6
English and French	60	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	175	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	175	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	63,095	100.0
Official languages	62,995	99.8
English	38,615	61.2
French	59,165	93.8
Non-official languages	4,500	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,490	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	0.2
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	100	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	50	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,025	6.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	0.4
Baltic languages	10	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0.0
Slavic languages	240	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	30	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	105	0.2
Russian	45	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	20	0.0
Serbian	10	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	795	1.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	645	1.0
German	585	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	105	0.2
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	115	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	20	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	70	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	65	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	15	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	40	0.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,025	4.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	400	0.6
Portuguese	155	0.2
Romanian	10	0.0
Spanish	2,605	4.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	30	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	15	0.0
Yoruba	15	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	0.2
Chinese languages	115	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	95	0.2
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	20	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	25	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,095	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,145	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,085	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	720	1.1
Métis	335	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	61,950	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,095	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	105	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	62,990	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,410	100.0
Owner	20,195	68.7
Renter	9,225	31.4
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,410	100.0
Condominium	2,620	8.9
Not condominium	26,795	91.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,410	100.0
No bedrooms	65	0.2
1 bedroom	3,040	10.3
2 bedrooms	9,105	31.0
3 bedrooms	10,665	36.3
4 or more bedrooms	6,535	22.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,410	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	7,765	26.4
5 rooms	5,585	19.0
6 rooms	3,825	13.0
7 rooms	3,765	12.8
8 or more rooms	8,475	28.8
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,410	100.0
One person or fewer per room	29,305	99.6
More than one person per room	110	0.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,410	100.0
Suitable	28,920	98.3
Not suitable	490	1.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,410	100.0
1960 or before	7,140	24.3
1961 to 1980	7,565	25.7
1981 to 1990	3,275	11.1
1991 to 2000	2,150	7.3
2001 to 2005	1,600	5.4
2006 to 2010	2,225	7.6
2011 to 2015	2,210	7.5
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,255	11.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,410	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	27,515	93.6
Major repairs needed	1,905	6.5
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,410	100.0
One-maintainer household	16,080	54.7
Two-maintainer household	12,815	43.6
Three-or-more-maintainer household	515	1.8
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,410	100.0
15 to 24 years	610	2.1
25 to 34 years	2,870	9.8
35 to 44 years	4,390	14.9
45 to 54 years	4,345	14.8
55 to 64 years	6,775	23.0
65 to 74 years	6,370	21.7
75 to 84 years	3,160	10.7
85 years and over	905	3.1
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,885	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,015	86.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,875	13.4
30% to less than 100%	3,550	12.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,410	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,905	20.1
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,555	12.1
Not suitable only	435	1.5
Major repairs needed only	1,565	5.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	1.0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.0
Acceptable housing	23,510	79.9
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,560	100.0
In core need	725	2.5
Not in core need	27,840	97.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,750	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.0	57.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	9.5
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	1.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	940
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	1,070
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	302,000	302,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	407,600	407,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,170	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.3	7.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.7	21.7
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	5.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	715
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	788
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	63,095	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	845	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	845	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	700	1.1
Métis single ancestry	110	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,095	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,090	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,155	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	63,095	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	62,195	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,530	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	50,660	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	905	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	63,095	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	59,840	94.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,990	4.7
Before 1980	1,230	1.9
1980 to 1990	390	0.6
1991 to 2000	355	0.6
2001 to 2010	490	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	0.8
2011 to 2015	285	0.5
2016 to 2021	240	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	270	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,990	100.0
Under 5 years	375	12.5
5 to 14 years	545	18.2
15 to 24 years	600	20.1
25 to 44 years	1,285	43.0
45 years and over	190	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,990	100.0
Americas	655	21.9
Brazil	25	0.8
Colombia	35	1.2
El Salvador	15	0.5
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	40	1.3
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	45	1.5
Peru	15	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	370	12.4
Other places of birth in Americas	110	3.7
Europe	1,865	62.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0
France	790	26.4
Germany	155	5.2
Greece	10	0.3
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	100	3.3
Netherlands	45	1.5
Poland	20	0.7
Portugal	55	1.8
Romania	15	0.5
Russian Federation	10	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0.5
Ukraine	15	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	7.2
Other places of birth in Europe	425	14.2
Africa	185	6.2
Algeria	35	1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	25	0.8
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	25	0.8
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	70	2.3
Asia	260	8.7
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	0.8
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	10	0.3
Turkey	15	0.5
China⁹⁰	70	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0.3
Philippines	35	1.2
Viet Nam	15	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	15	0.5
Pakistan	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	1.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	100.0
Americas	95	39.6
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	35	14.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	14.6
Europe	75	31.3
France	60	25.0
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0
Africa	35	14.6
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	6.3
Asia	35	14.6
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	63,095	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600	5.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,980	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55,515	88.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,760	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	970	55.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	32.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	400	22.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	665	37.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,760	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	330	18.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	4.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,140	64.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	63,095	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,190	1.9
South Asian	75	0.1
Chinese	175	0.3
Black	340	0.5
Filipino	60	0.1
Arab	70	0.1
Latin American	240	0.4
Southeast Asian	90	0.1
West Asian	10	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Japanese	80	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,900	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	63,095	100.0
Canadian	21,080	33.4
English	3,400	5.4
Irish	5,510	8.7
Scottish	3,000	4.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,135	28.7
German	1,805	2.9
Chinese	215	0.3
Italian	1,430	2.3
Indian (India)	135	0.2
Ukrainian	195	0.3
Dutch	465	0.7
Polish	555	0.9
Québécois	7,300	11.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	675	1.1
Filipino	65	0.1
French Canadian	4,535	7.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,045	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,365	2.2
Métis	240	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	880	1.4
Russian	160	0.3
Norwegian	110	0.2
Welsh	260	0.4
Portuguese	190	0.3
American	775	1.2
Spanish	400	0.6
Swedish	65	0.1
Hungarian	110	0.2
Acadian	530	0.8
Pakistani	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	0.1
Jewish	105	0.2
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	0.1
Greek	150	0.2
Jamaican	20	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	0.1
Korean	0	0.0
Romanian	95	0.2
Lebanese	45	0.1
Iranian	15	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	560	0.9
Danish	80	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	120	0.2
Belgian	745	1.2
Haitian	105	0.2
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	160	0.3
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	515	0.8
Finnish	30	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	60	0.1
Japanese	75	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	0.1
Muslim	0	0.0
Egyptian	30	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	20	0.0
Colombian	25	0.0
Moroccan	40	0.1
Czech	70	0.1
Syrian	35	0.1
Guyanese	20	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	70	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	35	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	35	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	10	0.0
Brazilian	60	0.1
Nigerian	20	0.0
Armenian	50	0.1
Slovak	30	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	0.1
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	15	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0.0
Algonquin	225	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	115	0.2
South African	15	0.0
Australian	45	0.1
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	0	0.0
Congolese	20	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.0
Peruvian	55	0.1
Yoruba	10	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0.0
Berber	20	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0
Israeli	10	0.0
Mohawk	165	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	0.1
Bulgarian	30	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0.0
African American	15	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	0.0
Cuban	30	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	0.1
Latvian	10	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0.0
Laotian	10	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	0.0
Argentinian	10	0.0
Estonian	10	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	0.2
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	15	0.0
Dominican	35	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	15	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	0.1
Abenaki	275	0.4
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	0.2
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	155	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	110	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	70	0.1
Norman	155	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	25	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	20	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	45	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	25	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	63,095	100.0
Buddhist	100	0.2
Christian	41,255	65.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,975	3.1
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	1,640	2.6
Baptist	160	0.3
Catholic	34,680	55.0
Christian Orthodox	160	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	335	0.5
Latter Day Saints	15	0.0
Lutheran	40	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	0.1
Presbyterian	65	0.1
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	865	1.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,235	2.0
Hindu	50	0.1
Jewish	125	0.2
Muslim	115	0.2
Sikh	10	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	21,250	33.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	62,460	100.0
Non-movers	54,265	86.9
Movers	8,200	13.1
Non-migrants	2,685	4.3
Migrants	5,515	8.8
Internal migrants	5,340	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,195	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	145	0.2
External migrants	175	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	60,050	100.0
Non-movers	34,535	57.5
Movers	25,515	42.5
Non-migrants	6,625	11.0
Migrants	18,890	31.5
Internal migrants	18,295	30.5
Intraprovincial migrants	17,765	29.6
Interprovincial migrants	530	0.9
External migrants	595	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,255	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,415	21.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,840	78.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,950	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,850	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,105	84.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,255	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,125	19.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,830	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,300	56.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,075	35.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,515	16.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,305	11.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	4.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,790	16.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,765	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,225	21.1
Bachelor's degree	7,220	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	0.8
Master's degree	2,155	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,950	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,045	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,930	21.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,980	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,215	41.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,215	19.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,635	14.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,575	4.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,975	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,025	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,760	24.3
Bachelor's degree	5,020	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	630	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	0.9
Master's degree	1,575	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,250	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,955	43.1
Education	2,360	4.4
13. Education	2,360	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,260	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,160	2.2
Humanities	1,770	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	85	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	0.2
54. History	120	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,965	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	590	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0.1
42. Psychology	440	0.8
45. Social sciences	920	1.7
Business, management and public administration	6,515	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,170	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	880	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	0.1
40. Physical sciences	205	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	1.1
25. Library science	90	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,085	11.4
04. Architecture and related services	280	0.5
14. Engineering	895	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	2.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,415	2.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,230	2.3
48. Precision production	1,130	2.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,090	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	0.5
Health and related fields	3,880	7.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,445	6.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,445	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,375	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	1.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,950	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,970	34.3
Education	1,350	4.2
13. Education	1,350	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	935	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	860	2.7
Humanities	960	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	0.2
54. History	50	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,140	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	340	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0.1
42. Psychology	330	1.0
45. Social sciences	645	2.0
Business, management and public administration	4,470	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,260	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	1.4
25. Library science	30	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,390	13.7
04. Architecture and related services	175	0.5
14. Engineering	680	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	845	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	990	3.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	860	2.7
48. Precision production	830	2.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,070	3.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	860	2.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	0.6
Health and related fields	2,715	8.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,380	7.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	975	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0.0
43. Security and protective services	380	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	460	1.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,950	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,970	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,980	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	20,035	62.7
Same as province or territory of residence	19,350	60.6
Different than province or territory of residence	680	2.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	945	3.0
Americas	290	0.9
United States of America	185	0.6
Mexico	35	0.1
Cuba	10	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Peru	10	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0.1
Europe	515	1.6
Belgium	20	0.1
France	350	1.1
Germany	10	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	45	0.1
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	10	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	15	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	0.1
Africa	45	0.1
Nigeria	15	0.0
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0.0
Asia	60	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0.1
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	15	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania	35	0.1
Australia	30	0.1
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	53,255	...
In the labour force	32,190	...
Employed	30,445	...
Unemployed	1,745	...
Not in the labour force	21,060	...
Participation rate	60.4	60.4
Employment rate	57.2	57.2
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	53,250	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,380	38.3
Worked	32,875	61.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,005	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,875	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	32,190	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	31,795	98.8
Employee	25,895	80.4
Permanent position	21,600	67.1
Temporary position	4,290	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,210	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,080	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,905	18.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	32,190	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	31,795	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	890	2.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,475	13.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,740	5.4
3 Health occupations	2,370	7.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,655	11.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	985	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	7,495	23.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,060	18.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,710	5.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,415	7.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	32,190	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	31,795	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,770	5.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	0.2
22 Utilities	175	0.5
23 Construction	2,410	7.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,125	15.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,130	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	3,505	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,160	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	350	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	745	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	395	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,220	6.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,240	3.9
61 Educational services	1,945	6.0
62 Health care and social assistance	3,805	11.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990	3.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,710	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,520	4.7
91 Public administration	1,510	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,065	100.0
English	2,625	7.5
French	21,165	60.4
Non-official language	15	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0.0
English and French	10,960	31.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,065	100.0
Single responses	33,165	94.6
Official languages	33,140	94.5
English	4,605	13.1
French	28,535	81.4
Non-official languages	30	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	15	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,900	5.4
English and French	1,865	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,065	100.0
None	25,650	73.1
English	7,215	20.6
French	1,940	5.5
Non-official language	125	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	0.4
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,450	100.0
Worked at home	5,655	18.6
Worked outside Canada	90	0.3
No fixed workplace address	3,520	11.6
Usual place of work	21,185	69.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,180	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,660	36.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,495	30.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,990	33.0
Commute to a different province or territory	35	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,700	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,655	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,405	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,250	5.1
Public transit	150	0.6
Walked	1,375	5.6
Bicycle	190	0.8
Other method	330	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,700	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,485	38.4
15 to 29 minutes	8,095	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,035	16.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,480	6.0
60 minutes and over	1,605	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,700	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,595	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,035	20.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,675	31.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,825	19.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,165	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,400	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,910	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,820	23.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,090	76.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,665	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,085	24.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,515	17.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	6.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,580	75.9

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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