Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Matawinie, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	55,500	...
Population, 2016¹	50,435	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	10.0
Total private dwellings²	37,357	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,510	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.9	5.9
Land area in square kilometres	9,423.15	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	55,500	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,240	13.0
0 to 4 years	2,300	4.1
5 to 9 years	2,460	4.4
10 to 14 years	2,480	4.5
15 to 64 years	33,105	59.6
15 to 19 years	2,055	3.7
20 to 24 years	1,920	3.5
25 to 29 years	2,425	4.4
30 to 34 years	2,530	4.6
35 to 39 years	2,645	4.8
40 to 44 years	2,930	5.3
45 to 49 years	2,825	5.1
50 to 54 years	3,660	6.6
55 to 59 years	5,580	10.1
60 to 64 years	6,540	11.8
65 years and over	15,160	27.3
65 to 69 years	5,610	10.1
70 to 74 years	4,140	7.5
75 to 79 years	2,705	4.9
80 to 84 years	1,535	2.8
85 years and over	1,170	2.1
85 to 89 years	770	1.4
90 to 94 years	310	0.6
95 to 99 years	85	0.2
100 years and over	5	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.0	13.0
15 to 64 years	59.6	59.6
65 years and over	27.3	27.3
85 years and over	2.1	2.1
Average age of the population	48.3	48.3
Median age of the population	54.4	54.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,510	100.0
Single-detached house	22,715	85.7
Semi-detached house	545	2.1
Row house	135	0.5
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	2.9
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,935	7.3
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	0.0
Other single-attached house	155	0.6
Movable dwelling⁴	250	0.9
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,510	100.0
1 person	9,650	36.4
2 persons	11,010	41.5
3 persons	2,650	10.0
4 persons	1,975	7.5
5 or more persons	1,225	4.6
Number of persons in private households	54,645	100.0
Average household size	2.1	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,265	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,385	58.8
Married	15,290	31.7
Living common-law	13,100	27.1
Living common law - Never married	9,685	20.1
Living common law - Separated	145	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,895	6.0
Living common law - Widowed	380	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	19,880	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,525	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	675	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,905	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,765	5.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,350	100.0
2 persons	11,070	67.7
3 persons	2,540	15.5
4 persons	1,810	11.1
5 or more persons	925	5.7
Average size of census families	2.6	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,350	100.0
Total couple families	13,985	85.5
Married couples	7,430	45.4
With children⁶	1,710	10.5
Without children	5,720	35.0
Common-law couples	6,550	40.1
With children⁶	2,700	16.5
Without children	3,850	23.5
Total one-parent families	2,365	14.5
in which the parent is a woman+	1,665	10.2
in which the parent is a man+	695	4.3
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	54,645	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	42,065	77.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,970	51.2
Parents in one-parent families	2,365	4.3
Children⁶	11,730	21.5
In a two-parent family	8,165	14.9
In a one-parent family	3,565	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,580	23.0
Living alone	9,655	17.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,160	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,765	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,510	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,930	56.3
Couple-family households	13,050	49.2
With children⁶	4,005	15.1
Without children	9,045	34.1
One-parent-family households	1,885	7.1
Multigenerational households⁸	420	1.6
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	530	2.0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	880	3.3
One-person households	9,650	36.4
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	47,420	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,505	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,510	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,815	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,080	61.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,570	85.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,425	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,820	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	47,420	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,540	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,540	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,960	36,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,170	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,080	61.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,320	37,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,740	85.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,760	13,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,380	13.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	6,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,690	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,220	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	47,420	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,615	24.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,075	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,840	26,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.4	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.3	53.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.6	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	47,420	100.0
Without total income	915	1.9
With total income	46,505	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,190	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,625	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	9,430	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,980	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,095	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,530	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,900	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,525	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	880	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,260	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,560	3.4
$150,000 and over	700	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	47,420	100.0
Without after-tax income	910	1.9
With after-tax income	46,505	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,450	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,965	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	10,855	23.3
$30,000 to $39,999	8,595	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,675	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,975	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	740	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	430	0.9
$100,000 and over	945	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	465	1.0
$125,000 and over	475	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	47,420	100.0
Without employment income	18,335	38.7
With employment income	29,080	61.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,840	16.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,530	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,125	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,545	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,235	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	2,805	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,205	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,585	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	965	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	560	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,465	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	700	2.4
$125,000 and over	765	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	47,420	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,010	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,050	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,215	82.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,610	62.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,210	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,180	13.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	47,420	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,105	97.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	41,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,145	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,960	34,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,505	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	38,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,665	62.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	39,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,190	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,010	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,200	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	47,420	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,495	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,350	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,540	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	32,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8	78.8
Employment income (%)	60.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)	21.2	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,510	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	62,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	54,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,650	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	35,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	32,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,855	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,510	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	76,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,900	64,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,655	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	44,440
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,560	37,560
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,855	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,300	95,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,500	80,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,510	100.0
Under $5,000	225	0.8
$5,000 to $9,999	165	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	390	1.5
$15,000 to $19,999	690	2.6
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	7.0
$25,000 to $29,999	1,250	4.7
$30,000 to $34,999	1,155	4.4
$35,000 to $39,999	1,615	6.1
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	5.8
$45,000 to $49,999	1,385	5.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,215	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	7.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,815	6.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,395	5.3
$100,000 and over	6,320	23.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,530	9.5
$125,000 to $149,999	1,490	5.6
$150,000 to $199,999	1,400	5.3
$200,000 and over	895	3.4
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,510	100.0
Under $5,000	265	1.0
$5,000 to $9,999	170	0.6
$10,000 to $14,999	410	1.5
$15,000 to $19,999	740	2.8
$20,000 to $24,999	2,005	7.6
$25,000 to $29,999	1,480	5.6
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	5.6
$35,000 to $39,999	1,945	7.3
$40,000 to $44,999	1,720	6.5
$45,000 to $49,999	1,550	5.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,840	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,585	9.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,115	8.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,740	6.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,270	4.8
$100,000 and over	4,180	15.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	7.8
$125,000 to $149,999	1,035	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,065	4.0
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,210	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,115	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	74,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	64,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,450	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	97,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,170	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	60,400
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	55,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,420	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,250	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,300	80,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,100	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	86,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	72,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,440	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	125,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,500	105,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,205	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	67,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,100	60,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,305	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,440	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	36,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	54,645	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,530	15.6
0 to 5 years	2,775	5.1
18 to 64 years	31,610	57.8
65 years and over	14,505	26.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,695	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	...
0 to 5 years	435	...
18 to 64 years	4,225	...
65 years and over	3,145	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.9	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	13.4
65 years and over (%)	21.7	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	52,650	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,715	14.7
0 to 5 years	2,500	4.7
18 to 64 years	30,490	57.9
65 years and over	14,445	27.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,505	...
0 to 17 years	130	...
0 to 5 years	50	...
18 to 64 years	1,210	...
65 years and over	165	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	54,645	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,500	66.8
In bottom decile	7,150	13.1
In second decile	8,400	15.4
In third decile	7,510	13.7
In fourth decile	7,305	13.4
In fifth decile	6,140	11.2
In top half of the distribution	18,145	33.2
In sixth decile	5,330	9.8
In seventh decile	4,450	8.1
In eighth decile	3,725	6.8
In ninth decile	2,645	4.8
In top decile	1,995	3.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	54,645	54,645
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.489	0.489
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	0.270
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	55,065	100.0
English only	520	0.9
French only	35,150	63.8
English and French	19,260	35.0
Neither English nor French	130	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	55,065	100.0
English	2,220	4.0
French	52,180	94.8
English and French	540	1.0
Neither English nor French	120	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	55,065	100.0
Single responses	54,295	98.6
Official languages	51,445	93.4
English	1,825	3.3
French	49,620	90.1
Non-official languages	2,845	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,860	3.4
Algonquian languages	1,860	3.4
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,850	3.4
Atikamekw	1,845	3.4
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	985	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	0.1
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	5	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	25	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	800	1.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0
Slavic languages	240	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0.0
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	115	0.2
Russian	70	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	15	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	20	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	65	0.1
German	60	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	15	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	0.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	120	0.2
Portuguese	60	0.1
Romanian	35	0.1
Spanish	215	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	5	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	0.0
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	1.4
English and French	605	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	55,065	100.0
English	1,405	2.6
French	48,890	88.8
Non-official language	975	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	770	1.4
Non-Indigenous	200	0.4
English and French	1,920	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,410	2.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	40	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	55,065	100.0
Single responses	54,295	98.6
Official languages	52,280	94.9
English	1,865	3.4
French	50,415	91.6
Non-official languages	2,015	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,680	3.1
Algonquian languages	1,665	3.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,645	3.0
Atikamekw	1,645	3.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	5	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	0.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	10	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	65	0.1
Russian	45	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.0
Romanian	20	0.0
Spanish	90	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0.0
Chinese languages	5	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	1.4
English and French	485	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	230	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	55,065	100.0
None	51,970	94.4
English	1,140	2.1
French	1,295	2.4
Non-official language	375	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	135	0.2
Non-Indigenous	240	0.4
English and French	45	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	155	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	54,650	100.0
Official languages	54,505	99.7
English	19,705	36.1
French	53,995	98.8
Non-official languages	4,685	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,000	3.7
Algonquian languages	2,000	3.7
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,990	3.6
Atikamekw	1,985	3.6
Cree languages	10	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	0.1
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,710	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	0.2
Berber languages	10	0.0
Kabyle	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	90	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	40	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,415	4.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0.0
Slavic languages	260	0.5
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	15	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	160	0.3
Russian	95	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	0.4
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	180	0.3
German	180	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	30	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	50	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,980	3.6
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	335	0.6
Portuguese	150	0.3
Romanian	35	0.1
Spanish	1,535	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	40	0.1
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	45	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	0.1
Chinese languages	55	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	50	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	10	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,650	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,130	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,030	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,555	4.7
Métis	470	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	51,515	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,650	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,215	4.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	52,435	95.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,510	100.0
Owner	20,545	77.5
Renter	5,670	21.4
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	290	1.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,510	100.0
Condominium	880	3.3
Not condominium	25,630	96.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,510	100.0
No bedrooms	35	0.1
1 bedroom	3,115	11.8
2 bedrooms	10,300	38.9
3 bedrooms	8,650	32.6
4 or more bedrooms	4,410	16.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,510	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	7,425	28.0
5 rooms	5,825	22.0
6 rooms	4,365	16.5
7 rooms	3,375	12.7
8 or more rooms	5,515	20.8
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,510	100.0
One person or fewer per room	26,320	99.3
More than one person per room	190	0.7
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,510	100.0
Suitable	25,885	97.6
Not suitable	625	2.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,510	100.0
1960 or before	5,000	18.9
1961 to 1980	8,835	33.3
1981 to 1990	3,430	12.9
1991 to 2000	2,620	9.9
2001 to 2005	1,270	4.8
2006 to 2010	1,890	7.1
2011 to 2015	1,615	6.1
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,860	7.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,510	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,460	92.3
Major repairs needed	2,055	7.8
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,510	100.0
One-maintainer household	15,245	57.5
Two-maintainer household	10,700	40.4
Three-or-more-maintainer household	570	2.2
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,510	100.0
15 to 24 years	400	1.5
25 to 34 years	2,205	8.3
35 to 44 years	3,200	12.1
45 to 54 years	3,860	14.6
55 to 64 years	7,305	27.6
65 to 74 years	6,225	23.5
75 to 84 years	2,710	10.2
85 years and over	610	2.3
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,975	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,495	86.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,480	13.4
30% to less than 100%	3,185	12.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,510	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,625	21.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,075	11.6
Not suitable only	475	1.8
Major repairs needed only	1,555	5.9
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	370	1.4
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	0.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	0.1
Acceptable housing	20,885	78.8
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,685	100.0
In core need	1,295	5.0
Not in core need	24,390	95.0
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,420	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	56.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	10.7
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	3.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	740
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	865	865
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	250,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,400	278,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,625	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.8	5.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	23.0
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	9.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	725
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	740
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	290	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.4	3.4
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	468	468
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	472
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	54,645	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,085	5.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,080	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,930	5.4
Métis single ancestry	145	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,790	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,760	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,670	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	49,770	91.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	54,645	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	54,235	99.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,435	15.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	45,810	83.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	415	0.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	54,645	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,865	96.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,605	2.9
Before 1980	605	1.1
1980 to 1990	200	0.4
1991 to 2000	285	0.5
2001 to 2010	295	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	215	0.4
2011 to 2015	145	0.3
2016 to 2021	65	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	180	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,605	100.0
Under 5 years	225	14.0
5 to 14 years	265	16.5
15 to 24 years	280	17.4
25 to 44 years	695	43.3
45 years and over	145	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,605	100.0
Americas	290	18.1
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	35	2.2
El Salvador	10	0.6
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	25	1.6
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	15	0.9
Peru	30	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	90	5.6
Other places of birth in Americas	85	5.3
Europe	1,065	66.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0
France	470	29.3
Germany	40	2.5
Greece	15	0.9
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	90	5.6
Netherlands	15	0.9
Poland	110	6.9
Portugal	50	3.1
Romania	30	1.9
Russian Federation	10	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	165	10.3
Africa	120	7.5
Algeria	25	1.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0.6
Egypt	15	0.9
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	30	1.9
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	2.8
Asia	125	7.8
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	20	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	15	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	70	100.0
Americas	10	14.3
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	10	14.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0.0
Europe	40	57.1
France	25	35.7
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	14.3
Africa	0	0.0
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0.0
Asia	10	14.3
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	54,650	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,955	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,730	3.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50,965	93.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,000	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490	49.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	315	31.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	180	18.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	380	38.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	12.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,000	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	6.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	205	20.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	3.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	685	68.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	54,650	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	715	1.3
South Asian	30	0.1
Chinese	70	0.1
Black	200	0.4
Filipino	20	0.0
Arab	45	0.1
Latin American	200	0.4
Southeast Asian	50	0.1
West Asian	0	0.0
Korean	20	0.0
Japanese	40	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,935	98.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	54,645	100.0
Canadian	19,500	35.7
English	895	1.6
Irish	3,135	5.7
Scottish	1,055	1.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,005	23.8
German	660	1.2
Chinese	105	0.2
Italian	1,085	2.0
Indian (India)	85	0.2
Ukrainian	105	0.2
Dutch	80	0.1
Polish	290	0.5
Québécois	8,735	16.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	0.2
Filipino	30	0.1
French Canadian	4,710	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	925	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,295	2.4
Métis	260	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	570	1.0
Russian	105	0.2
Norwegian	25	0.0
Welsh	50	0.1
Portuguese	190	0.3
American	420	0.8
Spanish	310	0.6
Swedish	25	0.0
Hungarian	30	0.1
Acadian	655	1.2
Pakistani	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	0.2
Jewish	35	0.1
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0.0
Greek	80	0.1
Jamaican	0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	0.2
Korean	25	0.0
Romanian	45	0.1
Lebanese	110	0.2
Iranian	0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535	1.0
Danish	20	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	495	0.9
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	35	0.1
Belgian	300	0.5
Haitian	85	0.2
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	35	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	75	0.1
Finnish	20	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Japanese	40	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0.0
Muslim	0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0.0
Colombian	40	0.1
Moroccan	40	0.1
Czech	35	0.1
Syrian	60	0.1
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	55	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	25	0.0
Brazilian	0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0
Algonquin	295	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	0.1
South African	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	30	0.1
Congolese	20	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0.0
Peruvian	60	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0.0
Berber	20	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	30	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	60	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0.0
African American	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	40	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	225	0.4
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	0.1
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	20	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	70	0.1
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	0.2
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	210	0.4
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	140	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	135	0.2
Norman	105	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	20	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	1,745	3.2
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	20	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	40	0.1
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	54,650	100.0
Buddhist	80	0.1
Christian	38,985	71.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,905	3.5
Anabaptist	15	0.0
Anglican	205	0.4
Baptist	65	0.1
Catholic	35,945	65.8
Christian Orthodox	135	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	185	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	0.0
Lutheran	20	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	85	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	360	0.7
Hindu	10	0.0
Jewish	30	0.1
Muslim	50	0.1
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	520	1.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	105	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	14,860	27.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	54,205	100.0
Non-movers	47,845	88.3
Movers	6,355	11.7
Non-migrants	1,935	3.6
Migrants	4,420	8.2
Internal migrants	4,365	8.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,275	7.9
Interprovincial migrants	85	0.2
External migrants	55	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	52,395	100.0
Non-movers	31,080	59.3
Movers	21,315	40.7
Non-migrants	4,515	8.6
Migrants	16,800	32.1
Internal migrants	16,510	31.5
Intraprovincial migrants	16,215	30.9
Interprovincial migrants	300	0.6
External migrants	290	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,420	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,590	28.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,830	71.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,970	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,140	24.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,830	75.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,415	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,730	24.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,550	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,145	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,540	39.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,310	21.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,090	15.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,220	6.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,795	14.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,440	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,605	11.8
Bachelor's degree	3,780	8.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	0.3
Master's degree	960	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,970	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,820	20.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,245	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,905	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,105	45.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,620	26.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,360	18.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,260	7.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,670	16.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,795	13.1
Bachelor's degree	2,610	9.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	330	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	0.3
Master's degree	670	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,420	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,275	49.1
Education	2,005	4.2
13. Education	2,005	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	835	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	745	1.6
Humanities	955	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	0.2
54. History	60	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,635	3.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	345	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0.1
42. Psychology	245	0.5
45. Social sciences	360	0.8
Business, management and public administration	4,680	9.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,460	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	0.2
40. Physical sciences	95	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	570	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	0.9
25. Library science	40	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,450	13.6
04. Architecture and related services	145	0.3
14. Engineering	355	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,090	2.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,955	4.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,530	3.2
48. Precision production	1,375	2.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	530	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	0.6
Health and related fields	2,990	6.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,660	5.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,670	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,315	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	855	1.8
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,970	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,070	41.7
Education	1,230	4.2
13. Education	1,230	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	610	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	550	1.9
Humanities	580	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0.1
54. History	30	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,180	4.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	220	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0.1
42. Psychology	165	0.6
45. Social sciences	270	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,345	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,180	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0.1
40. Physical sciences	60	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	1.2
25. Library science	35	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,405	15.2
04. Architecture and related services	95	0.3
14. Engineering	215	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	775	2.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,335	4.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,020	3.5
48. Precision production	970	3.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	590	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	0.6
Health and related fields	2,235	7.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,025	7.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,025	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	990	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	2.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,970	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,070	41.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,905	58.4
Location of study inside Canada	16,375	56.5
Same as province or territory of residence	16,150	55.7
Different than province or territory of residence	220	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	530	1.8
Americas	75	0.3
United States of America	50	0.2
Mexico	0	0.0
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0.0
Europe	385	1.3
Belgium	15	0.1
France	280	1.0
Germany	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	15	0.1
Romania	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0.1
Africa	30	0.1
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	10	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0.1
Asia	35	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0.0
Oceania	10	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	47,415	...
In the labour force	24,890	...
Employed	22,640	...
Unemployed	2,250	...
Not in the labour force	22,530	...
Participation rate	52.5	52.5
Employment rate	47.7	47.7
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	47,420	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,540	45.4
Worked	25,880	54.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,980	25.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	13,895	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	24,885	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,295	97.6
Employee	20,275	81.5
Permanent position	16,600	66.7
Temporary position	3,680	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,015	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,665	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,020	16.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	24,885	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,295	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	2.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,360	13.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,005	4.0
3 Health occupations	1,865	7.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,710	10.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	550	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	5,965	24.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,120	24.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	875	3.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,305	5.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	24,885	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	24,295	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	820	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	0.5
22 Utilities	125	0.5
23 Construction	2,905	11.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,495	10.0
41 Wholesale trade	655	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	3,085	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,185	4.8
51 Information and cultural industries	260	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	590	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	280	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,155	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,130	4.5
61 Educational services	1,685	6.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,315	13.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,320	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,375	5.5
91 Public administration	1,255	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,495	100.0
English	505	1.8
French	22,770	82.8
Non-official language	185	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	115	0.4
Non-Indigenous	70	0.3
English and French	3,450	12.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	475	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,495	100.0
Single responses	26,970	98.1
Official languages	26,525	96.5
English	930	3.4
French	25,595	93.1
Non-official languages	445	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	370	1.3
Algonquian languages	370	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	370	1.3
Atikamekw	370	1.3
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	30	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	530	1.9
English and French	440	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,495	100.0
None	23,965	87.2
English	2,630	9.6
French	655	2.4
Non-official language	175	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	120	0.4
Non-Indigenous	60	0.2
English and French	10	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,640	100.0
Worked at home	3,230	14.3
Worked outside Canada	30	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,685	16.3
Usual place of work	15,695	69.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,695	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,465	34.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,105	13.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,095	51.6
Commute to a different province or territory	30	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,380	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,050	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,300	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	750	3.9
Public transit	115	0.6
Walked	870	4.5
Bicycle	65	0.3
Other method	290	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,380	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,235	32.2
15 to 29 minutes	4,840	25.0
30 to 44 minutes	3,560	18.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,695	8.7
60 minutes and over	3,050	15.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,380	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,835	9.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,380	17.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,490	28.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,885	20.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,680	8.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,110	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,680	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	10.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,770	89.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,235	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	675	10.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	7.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,560	89.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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