Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Mobility and migration
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information:
Quebec
[Census division]
 Remove		 La Prairie, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 185,568 ... ... ... ... ... 26,406 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 171,443 ... ... ... ... ... 24,110 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.2 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 74,232 ... ... ... ... ... 11,309 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,049 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 441.4 ... ... 441.4 ... ... 607.4 ... ... 607.4 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 420.44 ... ... ... ... ... 43.47 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 185,565 91,280 94,290 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,410 12,865 13,540 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 35,280 18,060 17,220 19.0 19.8 18.3 4,765 2,420 2,350 18.0 18.8 17.4
0 to 4 years 10,115 5,185 4,935 5.5 5.7 5.2 1,275 635 635 4.8 4.9 4.7
5 to 9 years 12,145 6,190 5,955 6.5 6.8 6.3 1,530 765 765 5.8 5.9 5.6
10 to 14 years 13,015 6,680 6,335 7.0 7.3 6.7 1,960 1,015 945 7.4 7.9 7.0
15 to 64 years 118,940 58,950 59,990 64.1 64.6 63.6 17,135 8,440 8,695 64.9 65.6 64.2
15 to 19 years 11,315 5,860 5,460 6.1 6.4 5.8 1,635 825 815 6.2 6.4 6.0
20 to 24 years 9,125 4,765 4,360 4.9 5.2 4.6 1,275 660 615 4.8 5.1 4.5
25 to 29 years 9,095 4,595 4,500 4.9 5.0 4.8 1,220 605 610 4.6 4.7 4.5
30 to 34 years 10,590 5,010 5,575 5.7 5.5 5.9 1,375 650 725 5.2 5.1 5.4
35 to 39 years 12,505 5,980 6,520 6.7 6.6 6.9 1,745 830 910 6.6 6.5 6.7
40 to 44 years 14,270 6,900 7,370 7.7 7.6 7.8 2,105 995 1,110 8.0 7.7 8.2
45 to 49 years 13,360 6,670 6,695 7.2 7.3 7.1 2,100 1,050 1,050 8.0 8.2 7.8
50 to 54 years 12,675 6,305 6,365 6.8 6.9 6.8 1,930 970 960 7.3 7.5 7.1
55 to 59 years 13,520 6,735 6,785 7.3 7.4 7.2 1,960 955 1,005 7.4 7.4 7.4
60 to 64 years 12,500 6,135 6,365 6.7 6.7 6.8 1,790 895 890 6.8 7.0 6.6
65 years and over 31,345 14,270 17,075 16.9 15.6 18.1 4,505 2,010 2,495 17.1 15.6 18.4
65 to 69 years 9,795 4,660 5,135 5.3 5.1 5.4 1,435 675 755 5.4 5.2 5.6
70 to 74 years 8,195 3,825 4,375 4.4 4.2 4.6 1,215 540 675 4.6 4.2 5.0
75 to 79 years 6,135 2,840 3,295 3.3 3.1 3.5 915 415 500 3.5 3.2 3.7
80 to 84 years 3,920 1,650 2,275 2.1 1.8 2.4 540 230 310 2.0 1.8 2.3
85 years and over 3,305 1,300 2,000 1.8 1.4 2.1 395 145 255 1.5 1.1 1.9
85 to 89 years 2,230 945 1,290 1.2 1.0 1.4 255 105 150 1.0 0.8 1.1
90 to 94 years 915 325 590 0.5 0.4 0.6 120 40 85 0.5 0.3 0.6
95 to 99 years 140 35 110 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
100 years and over 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 19.0 19.8 18.3 19.0 19.8 18.3 18.0 18.8 17.4 18.0 18.8 17.4
15 to 64 years 64.1 64.6 63.6 64.1 64.6 63.6 64.9 65.6 64.2 64.9 65.6 64.2
65 years and over 16.9 15.6 18.1 16.9 15.6 18.1 17.1 15.6 18.4 17.1 15.6 18.4
85 years and over 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.9
Average age of the population 40.7 39.9 41.5 40.7 39.9 41.5 41.3 40.5 42.1 41.3 40.5 42.1
Median age of the population 41.6 40.8 42.4 41.6 40.8 42.4 42.8 42.4 43.6 42.8 42.4 43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 43,825 ... ... 60.3 ... ... 5,795 ... ... 52.4 ... ...
Semi-detached house 4,520 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 235 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Row house 2,355 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 465 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 2,100 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 315 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 18,420 ... ... 25.4 ... ... 3,910 ... ... 35.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 645 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 245 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 80 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 595 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 5 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 18,535 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 3,375 ... ... 30.5 ... ...
2 persons 24,375 ... ... 33.6 ... ... 3,645 ... ... 33.0 ... ...
3 persons 11,905 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 1,585 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
4 persons 11,920 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 1,725 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 5,915 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 720 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 150,290 73,225 77,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,640 10,445 11,195 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 91,055 45,460 45,595 60.6 62.1 59.2 12,840 6,420 6,415 59.3 61.5 57.3
Married 55,895 27,930 27,970 37.2 38.1 36.3 7,970 3,980 3,985 36.8 38.1 35.6
Living common-law 35,155 17,535 17,625 23.4 23.9 22.9 4,875 2,445 2,430 22.5 23.4 21.7
Living common law - Never married 28,185 13,975 14,210 18.8 19.1 18.4 3,870 1,940 1,930 17.9 18.6 17.2
Living common law - Separated 405 215 185 0.3 0.3 0.2 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Living common law - Divorced 5,950 3,055 2,900 4.0 4.2 3.8 875 440 435 4.0 4.2 3.9
Living common law - Widowed 615 280 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 80 35 40 0.4 0.3 0.4
Not married and not living common-law 59,235 27,760 31,470 39.4 37.9 40.8 8,800 4,020 4,775 40.7 38.5 42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married 40,770 21,755 19,010 27.1 29.7 24.7 6,010 3,140 2,875 27.8 30.1 25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated 2,025 865 1,155 1.3 1.2 1.5 310 130 180 1.4 1.2 1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 9,135 3,425 5,710 6.1 4.7 7.4 1,530 565 960 7.1 5.4 8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 7,315 1,715 5,600 4.9 2.3 7.3 945 185 760 4.4 1.8 6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 53,335 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,545 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 25,110 ... ... 47.1 ... ... 3,680 ... ... 48.8 ... ...
3 persons 11,745 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 1,555 ... ... 20.6 ... ...
4 persons 11,730 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 1,715 ... ... 22.7 ... ...
5 or more persons 4,745 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 590 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 53,330 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,545 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 44,740 ... ... 83.9 ... ... 6,340 ... ... 84.0 ... ...
Married couples 27,165 ... ... 50.9 ... ... 3,900 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
With children6 14,560 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 2,075 ... ... 27.5 ... ...
Without children 12,605 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 1,830 ... ... 24.3 ... ...
Common-law couples 17,570 ... ... 32.9 ... ... 2,435 ... ... 32.3 ... ...
With children6 9,960 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 1,315 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
Without children 7,615 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,120 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
Total one-parent families 8,595 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 1,205 ... ... 16.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 6,210 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 850 ... ... 11.3 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 2,375 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 355 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 157,530 78,600 78,930 86.2 87.2 85.2 21,980 10,920 11,060 83.9 85.3 82.6
Married spouses or common-law partners 89,480 44,665 44,820 49.0 49.5 48.4 12,675 6,335 6,340 48.4 49.5 47.3
Parents in one-parent families 8,590 2,380 6,215 4.7 2.6 6.7 1,205 355 850 4.6 2.8 6.3
Children6 59,455 31,560 27,895 32.5 35.0 30.1 8,095 4,225 3,870 30.9 33.0 28.9
In a two-parent family 45,985 24,185 21,805 25.2 26.8 23.5 6,285 3,255 3,030 24.0 25.4 22.6
In a one-parent family 13,470 7,380 6,095 7.4 8.2 6.6 1,805 970 835 6.9 7.6 6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 25,260 11,575 13,680 13.8 12.8 14.8 4,215 1,875 2,335 16.1 14.7 17.4
Living alone 18,530 8,295 10,240 10.1 9.2 11.1 3,370 1,440 1,935 12.9 11.3 14.4
Living with other relatives7 3,395 1,400 2,000 1.9 1.6 2.2 350 145 205 1.3 1.1 1.5
Living with non-relatives only 3,330 1,885 1,445 1.8 2.1 1.6 500 295 205 1.9 2.3 1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 48,980 ... ... 67.4 ... ... 7,035 ... ... 63.7 ... ...
Couple-family households 41,670 ... ... 57.4 ... ... 5,985 ... ... 54.2 ... ...
With children6 22,870 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 3,215 ... ... 29.1 ... ...
Without children 18,800 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 2,760 ... ... 25.0 ... ...
One-parent-family households 7,310 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 1,050 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,505 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 180 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 260 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 35 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,695 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 170 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,680 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 260 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
One-person households 18,535 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 3,370 ... ... 30.5 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 147,535 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 143,030 69,995 73,035 96.9 97.0 96.9 20,805 10,085 10,725 97.1 97.2 97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,600 50,800 41,200 45,600 50,800 41,200 47,600 54,000 42,800 47,600 54,000 42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 143,080 70,025 73,055 97.0 97.1 96.9 20,810 10,090 10,725 97.1 97.3 97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 43,600 36,400 40,000 43,600 36,400 41,600 45,600 38,000 41,600 45,600 38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 131,560 65,650 65,915 89.2 91.0 87.4 19,335 9,525 9,805 90.2 91.8 88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 46,000 32,000 38,800 46,000 32,000 41,200 49,600 34,800 41,200 49,600 34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 109,500 56,055 53,445 74.2 77.7 70.9 16,000 8,150 7,855 74.7 78.6 71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 48,800 36,800 42,400 48,800 36,800 45,600 52,000 40,400 45,600 52,000 40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 113,630 51,140 62,490 77.0 70.9 82.9 16,000 6,995 9,010 74.7 67.4 81.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,500 9,100 11,500 10,500 9,100 11,500 9,900 9,100 10,600 9,900 9,100 10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 16,575 8,130 8,440 11.2 11.3 11.2 2,165 1,000 1,170 10.1 9.6 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,560 5,480 5,880 5,560 5,480 5,880 5,560 5,480 5,760 5,560 5,480 5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 40,165 20,670 19,500 27.2 28.7 25.9 5,600 2,845 2,755 26.1 27.4 24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,000 6,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 8,000 7,500 6,000 8,000 7,500 6,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 143,030 70,085 72,945 96.9 97.2 96.7 20,780 10,085 10,685 97.0 97.2 96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 55,850 63,550 48,440 55,850 63,550 48,440 60,050 68,400 52,200 60,050 68,400 52,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 143,070 70,105 72,965 97.0 97.2 96.8 20,780 10,085 10,685 97.0 97.2 96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,000 49,600 40,560 45,000 49,600 40,560 47,800 53,100 42,760 47,800 53,100 42,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 131,700 65,735 65,965 89.3 91.1 87.5 19,270 9,535 9,730 89.9 91.9 88.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,280 59,250 41,320 50,280 59,250 41,320 55,000 64,300 45,840 55,000 64,300 45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 109,500 56,130 53,365 74.2 77.8 70.8 16,000 8,220 7,780 74.7 79.2 70.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 51,850 59,100 44,200 51,850 59,100 44,200 57,500 65,000 49,600 57,500 65,000 49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 113,615 51,170 62,440 77.0 70.9 82.8 15,960 6,950 9,010 74.5 67.0 81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,050 10,950 12,940 12,050 10,950 12,940 11,790 11,010 12,390 11,790 11,010 12,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 16,835 8,325 8,515 11.4 11.5 11.3 2,245 1,055 1,195 10.5 10.2 10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,140 6,005 8,250 7,140 6,005 8,250 7,210 6,090 8,200 7,210 6,090 8,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 39,815 20,595 19,225 27.0 28.6 25.5 5,660 2,840 2,820 26.4 27.4 25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,080 7,770 8,410 8,080 7,770 8,410 8,410 8,130 8,690 8,410 8,130 8,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 147,535 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 56,880 30,480 26,395 38.6 42.3 35.0 8,485 4,585 3,900 39.6 44.2 35.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 65,000 70,500 58,400 65,000 70,500 58,400 73,500 79,000 67,000 73,500 79,000 67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,600 82,000 66,000 74,600 82,000 66,000 84,400 91,900 75,600 84,400 91,900 75,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 41,695 19,900 21,795 28.3 27.6 28.9 5,905 2,750 3,145 27.6 26.5 28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,200 22,200 17,400 19,200 22,200 17,400 18,600 21,000 17,000 18,600 21,000 17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 30,720 36,760 25,220 30,720 36,760 25,220 30,240 34,840 26,240 30,240 34,840 26,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 82.8 87.4 77.2 82.8 87.4 77.2 85.0 89.0 80.0 85.0 89.0 80.0
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.4 66.8 71.0 74.4 66.8 73.8 77.4 69.2 73.8 77.4 69.2
Government transfers (%)20 17.1 12.6 22.9 17.1 12.6 22.9 15.1 11.1 20.0 15.1 11.1 20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.4 3.7 5.2 4.4 3.7 5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.0 3.6 4.6 4.0 3.6 4.6 3.8 3.4 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,380 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 4,505 2,140 2,365 3.1 3.0 3.1 625 295 330 2.9 2.8 3.0
With total income 143,030 69,995 73,035 96.9 97.0 96.9 20,805 10,080 10,720 97.1 97.1 97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss) 9,775 4,315 5,460 6.8 6.2 7.5 1,470 650 820 7.1 6.4 7.6
$10,000 to $19,999 14,920 5,840 9,080 10.4 8.3 12.4 2,095 815 1,275 10.1 8.1 11.9
$20,000 to $29,999 20,260 8,530 11,730 14.2 12.2 16.1 2,885 1,215 1,675 13.9 12.1 15.6
$30,000 to $39,999 16,810 7,585 9,225 11.8 10.8 12.6 2,285 1,070 1,220 11.0 10.6 11.4
$40,000 to $49,999 17,155 8,010 9,140 12.0 11.4 12.5 2,195 960 1,235 10.6 9.5 11.5
$50,000 to $59,999 14,930 7,120 7,810 10.4 10.2 10.7 1,860 845 1,015 8.9 8.4 9.5
$60,000 to $69,999 12,145 6,435 5,705 8.5 9.2 7.8 1,575 785 785 7.6 7.8 7.3
$70,000 to $79,999 9,365 5,170 4,200 6.5 7.4 5.8 1,300 675 620 6.2 6.7 5.8
$80,000 to $89,999 7,460 4,145 3,320 5.2 5.9 4.5 1,100 555 545 5.3 5.5 5.1
$90,000 to $99,999 5,245 3,005 2,245 3.7 4.3 3.1 930 505 425 4.5 5.0 4.0
$100,000 and over 14,960 9,835 5,130 10.5 14.1 7.0 3,115 2,015 1,105 15.0 20.0 10.3
$100,000 to $149,999 10,710 6,820 3,890 7.5 9.7 5.3 2,155 1,340 810 10.4 13.3 7.6
$150,000 and over 4,245 3,010 1,235 3.0 4.3 1.7 965 670 295 4.6 6.6 2.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,380 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 4,460 2,110 2,350 3.0 2.9 3.1 615 290 330 2.9 2.8 3.0
With after-tax income 143,080 70,025 73,060 97.0 97.1 96.9 20,810 10,085 10,725 97.1 97.2 97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss) 10,445 4,520 5,925 7.3 6.5 8.1 1,575 685 895 7.6 6.8 8.3
$10,000 to $19,999 15,885 6,305 9,580 11.1 9.0 13.1 2,235 885 1,350 10.7 8.8 12.6
$20,000 to $29,999 23,640 10,195 13,450 16.5 14.6 18.4 3,305 1,450 1,860 15.9 14.4 17.3
$30,000 to $39,999 21,790 10,260 11,530 15.2 14.7 15.8 2,895 1,310 1,585 13.9 13.0 14.8
$40,000 to $49,999 21,315 10,410 10,905 14.9 14.9 14.9 2,740 1,245 1,490 13.2 12.3 13.9
$50,000 to $59,999 16,700 8,815 7,885 11.7 12.6 10.8 2,145 1,085 1,060 10.3 10.8 9.9
$60,000 to $69,999 12,040 6,530 5,505 8.4 9.3 7.5 1,700 865 830 8.2 8.6 7.7
$70,000 to $79,999 7,815 4,355 3,460 5.5 6.2 4.7 1,355 740 610 6.5 7.3 5.7
$80,000 to $89,999 4,830 2,885 1,940 3.4 4.1 2.7 915 540 375 4.4 5.4 3.5
$90,000 to $99,999 2,870 1,820 1,055 2.0 2.6 1.4 625 415 210 3.0 4.1 2.0
$100,000 and over 5,750 3,925 1,825 4.0 5.6 2.5 1,320 875 450 6.3 8.7 4.2
$100,000 to $124,999 3,065 2,005 1,060 2.1 2.9 1.5 710 445 265 3.4 4.4 2.5
$125,000 and over 2,685 1,920 765 1.9 2.7 1.0 610 425 185 2.9 4.2 1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,380 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 38,040 16,080 21,960 25.8 22.3 29.1 5,425 2,230 3,195 25.3 21.5 28.9
With employment income 109,500 56,060 53,440 74.2 77.7 70.9 16,005 8,145 7,855 74.7 78.5 71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 13,080 6,610 6,475 11.9 11.8 12.1 1,990 1,000 995 12.4 12.3 12.7
$5,000 to $9,999 8,090 3,525 4,560 7.4 6.3 8.5 1,225 570 655 7.7 7.0 8.3
$10,000 to $19,999 11,915 5,080 6,835 10.9 9.1 12.8 1,590 715 880 9.9 8.8 11.2
$20,000 to $29,999 9,355 4,050 5,310 8.5 7.2 9.9 1,270 555 710 7.9 6.8 9.0
$30,000 to $39,999 9,510 4,345 5,165 8.7 7.8 9.7 1,220 560 665 7.6 6.9 8.5
$40,000 to $49,999 10,705 4,990 5,715 9.8 8.9 10.7 1,235 555 675 7.7 6.8 8.6
$50,000 to $59,999 9,605 4,895 4,710 8.8 8.7 8.8 1,225 575 650 7.7 7.1 8.3
$60,000 to $69,999 8,350 4,655 3,690 7.6 8.3 6.9 1,075 550 525 6.7 6.8 6.7
$70,000 to $79,999 6,890 3,975 2,915 6.3 7.1 5.5 965 485 475 6.0 6.0 6.0
$80,000 to $89,999 5,920 3,270 2,650 5.4 5.8 5.0 915 460 460 5.7 5.6 5.9
$90,000 to $99,999 4,020 2,480 1,535 3.7 4.4 2.9 720 425 300 4.5 5.2 3.8
$100,000 and over 12,045 8,170 3,875 11.0 14.6 7.3 2,575 1,705 865 16.1 20.9 11.0
$100,000 to $124,999 6,095 3,980 2,120 5.6 7.1 4.0 1,170 730 440 7.3 9.0 5.6
$125,000 and over 5,955 4,190 1,760 5.4 7.5 3.3 1,405 975 430 8.8 12.0 5.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 147,535 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 139,955 68,300 71,655 94.9 94.7 95.0 20,365 9,840 10,525 95.0 94.8 95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,000 50,400 38,800 44,000 50,400 38,800 46,800 53,600 41,200 46,800 53,600 41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 140,025 68,300 71,725 94.9 94.7 95.1 20,370 9,840 10,530 95.1 94.8 95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 42,800 34,400 38,400 42,800 34,400 40,400 45,200 36,000 40,400 45,200 36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 129,440 64,560 64,880 87.7 89.5 86.0 18,990 9,355 9,640 88.6 90.2 87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,000 47,600 33,200 40,000 47,600 33,200 43,200 51,200 36,000 43,200 51,200 36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 109,185 55,715 53,465 74.0 77.2 70.9 15,925 8,070 7,855 74.3 77.8 71.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,800 50,000 37,200 42,800 50,000 37,200 46,400 53,200 40,800 46,400 53,200 40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 101,700 44,265 57,435 68.9 61.4 76.2 14,325 6,095 8,230 66.8 58.7 74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,300 4,720 8,700 7,300 4,720 8,700 6,320 4,040 7,800 6,320 4,040 7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 15,215 7,745 7,470 10.3 10.7 9.9 1,860 890 975 8.7 8.6 8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,760 4,200 5,640 4,760 4,200 5,640 5,120 4,520 5,760 5,120 4,520 5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 140,065 68,365 71,705 94.9 94.8 95.1 20,445 9,900 10,550 95.4 95.4 95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 53,200 61,200 45,600 53,200 61,200 45,600 58,000 66,800 49,800 58,000 66,800 49,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 140,110 68,365 71,745 95.0 94.8 95.1 20,445 9,900 10,550 95.4 95.4 95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,880 47,960 38,080 42,880 47,960 38,080 46,080 51,900 40,640 46,080 51,900 40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 129,590 64,585 65,000 87.8 89.5 86.2 19,080 9,415 9,660 89.0 90.7 87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 50,200 59,250 41,240 50,200 59,250 41,240 55,550 65,200 46,160 55,550 65,200 46,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 109,355 55,855 53,495 74.1 77.4 70.9 16,080 8,255 7,830 75.0 79.6 70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,600 59,100 43,720 51,600 59,100 43,720 57,150 64,500 49,400 57,150 64,500 49,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 102,245 44,505 57,740 69.3 61.7 76.6 14,410 6,125 8,280 67.2 59.0 74.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,270 8,050 10,220 9,270 8,050 10,220 8,770 7,670 9,590 8,770 7,670 9,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 15,565 8,035 7,530 10.5 11.1 10.0 1,960 935 1,025 9.1 9.0 9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,240 5,415 9,190 7,240 5,415 9,190 7,480 5,060 9,700 7,480 5,060 9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 147,535 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 56,680 30,375 26,305 38.4 42.1 34.9 8,465 4,595 3,875 39.5 44.3 35.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 61,200 68,000 54,000 61,200 68,000 54,000 69,500 77,500 62,000 69,500 77,500 62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 70,000 77,800 61,050 70,000 77,800 61,050 79,100 86,500 70,400 79,100 86,500 70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 39,200 18,715 20,490 26.6 25.9 27.2 5,535 2,560 2,975 25.8 24.7 26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 25,400 29,800 22,800 25,400 29,800 22,800 24,200 27,600 21,800 24,200 27,600 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 36,240 43,280 29,840 36,240 43,280 29,840 36,600 41,840 32,120 36,600 41,840 32,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 87.2 91.4 82.0 87.2 91.4 82.0 89.4 92.8 84.8 89.4 92.8 84.8
Employment income (%) 75.6 78.8 71.6 75.6 78.8 71.6 77.4 80.6 73.6 77.4 80.6 73.6
Government transfers (%) 12.7 8.6 18.0 12.7 8.6 18.0 10.7 7.1 15.1 10.7 7.1 15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.2 0.7 1.9 1.2 0.7 1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,050 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 18,535 ... ... ... ... ... 3,370 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 45,600 ... ... 45,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 38,400 ... ... 38,400 ... ... 39,600 ... ... 39,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 54,120 ... ... ... ... ... 7,680 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,050 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 109,900 ... ... 109,900 ... ... 112,900 ... ... 112,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 88,600 ... ... 88,600 ... ... 89,900 ... ... 89,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 18,525 ... ... ... ... ... 3,355 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 53,100 ... ... 53,100 ... ... 56,150 ... ... 56,150 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 43,200 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 45,440 ... ... 45,440 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 54,125 ... ... ... ... ... 7,695 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 129,400 ... ... 129,400 ... ... 137,600 ... ... 137,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 104,100 ... ... 104,100 ... ... 109,200 ... ... 109,200 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 330 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 70 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 220 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 490 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 65 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 845 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 130 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,520 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 460 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,020 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 335 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,825 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 330 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,360 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 370 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 430 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,635 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 420 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,140 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 765 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,990 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 715 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 4,835 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 745 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,610 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 615 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,355 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 590 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 32,810 ... ... 45.2 ... ... 4,975 ... ... 45.0 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 9,770 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 1,180 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 7,505 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 995 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 8,800 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 1,395 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
$200,000 and over 6,725 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 1,410 ... ... 12.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 400 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 80 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 245 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 35 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 520 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 75 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 925 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 150 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,700 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 500 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,430 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 405 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,415 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 425 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,070 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 465 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,260 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 540 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,185 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 500 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 6,335 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 940 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 6,125 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 885 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,765 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 770 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 5,515 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 705 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 5,125 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 675 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 24,640 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 3,890 ... ... 35.2 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 10,215 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 1,305 ... ... 11.8 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 6,500 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 1,015 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
$150,000 and over 7,925 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 1,575 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 52,960 ... ... ... ... ... 7,485 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 18,945 ... ... ... ... ... 2,780 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 24,635 ... ... ... ... ... 3,410 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 117,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 8,180 ... ... ... ... ... 1,155 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 21,860 10,180 11,680 ... ... ... 3,870 1,730 2,135 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 42,800 47,200 39,200 42,800 47,200 39,200 44,800 48,800 41,200 44,800 48,800 41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,600 40,400 35,200 37,600 40,400 35,200 38,800 41,600 36,400 38,800 41,600 36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 52,965 ... ... ... ... ... 7,510 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 129,400 ... ... 129,400 ... ... 138,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 104,100 ... ... 104,100 ... ... 109,400 ... ... 109,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 18,965 ... ... ... ... ... 2,805 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 103,500 ... ... 103,500 ... ... 107,900 ... ... 107,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 84,600 ... ... 84,600 ... ... 87,800 ... ... 87,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 24,685 ... ... ... ... ... 3,400 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 163,200 ... ... 163,200 ... ... 179,400 ... ... 179,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ... 138,600 ... ... 138,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 8,160 ... ... ... ... ... 1,160 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 88,200 ... ... 88,200 ... ... 92,800 ... ... 92,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,200 ... ... 74,200 ... ... 77,200 ... ... 77,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 21,865 10,195 11,665 ... ... ... 3,855 1,800 2,050 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 51,700 58,250 46,040 51,700 58,250 46,040 54,600 60,350 49,560 54,600 60,350 49,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 42,240 45,760 39,160 42,240 45,760 39,160 44,440 47,680 41,600 44,440 47,680 41,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 42,280 21,665 20,615 23.1 24.0 22.3 5,785 2,935 2,855 22.1 22.9 21.3
0 to 5 years 12,360 6,315 6,040 6.8 7.0 6.5 1,545 785 760 5.9 6.1 5.7
18 to 64 years 111,490 55,075 56,415 61.0 61.1 60.9 16,100 7,920 8,175 61.5 61.9 61.0
65 years and over 29,020 13,440 15,575 15.9 14.9 16.8 4,315 1,945 2,370 16.5 15.2 17.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 12,535 5,530 7,010 ... ... ... 1,970 865 1,110 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 2,580 1,395 1,185 ... ... ... 345 185 155 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 815 425 390 ... ... ... 95 50 50 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 5,975 2,760 3,215 ... ... ... 940 435 505 ... ... ...
65 years and over 3,980 1,370 2,610 ... ... ... 685 240 445 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 6.9 6.1 7.6 6.9 6.1 7.6 7.5 6.7 8.3 7.5 6.7 8.3
0 to 17 years (%) 6.1 6.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.4 5.5 5.9 6.4 5.5
0 to 5 years (%) 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.8 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.2
18 to 64 years (%) 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.9 5.5 6.2 5.9 5.5 6.2
65 years and over (%) 13.7 10.2 16.7 13.7 10.2 16.7 15.9 12.3 18.8 15.9 12.3 18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 182,785 90,180 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 42,280 21,660 20,620 23.1 24.0 22.3 5,780 2,930 2,855 22.1 22.9 21.3
0 to 5 years 12,360 6,320 6,040 6.8 7.0 6.5 1,545 790 755 5.9 6.2 5.6
18 to 64 years 111,485 55,075 56,415 61.0 61.1 60.9 16,095 7,920 8,180 61.4 61.9 61.1
65 years and over 29,015 13,440 15,575 15.9 14.9 16.8 4,315 1,945 2,365 16.5 15.2 17.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 4,980 2,375 2,605 ... ... ... 970 455 520 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 945 500 450 ... ... ... 165 80 90 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 275 140 140 ... ... ... 45 15 30 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 3,235 1,575 1,660 ... ... ... 600 295 305 ... ... ...
65 years and over 805 300 505 ... ... ... 200 80 125 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.9
0 to 17 years (%) 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0
0 to 5 years (%) 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.9 2.0 3.8 2.9 2.0 3.8
18 to 64 years (%) 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7
65 years and over (%) 2.8 2.3 3.2 2.8 2.3 3.2 4.7 3.9 5.3 4.7 3.9 5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 85,225 40,700 44,525 46.6 45.1 48.1 11,025 5,180 5,845 42.1 40.5 43.6
In bottom decile 10,375 4,635 5,740 5.7 5.1 6.2 1,675 745 930 6.4 5.8 6.9
In second decile 14,525 6,620 7,905 7.9 7.3 8.5 2,080 940 1,140 7.9 7.3 8.5
In third decile 17,555 8,390 9,160 9.6 9.3 9.9 2,115 975 1,140 8.1 7.6 8.5
In fourth decile 20,535 10,025 10,510 11.2 11.1 11.3 2,465 1,170 1,295 9.4 9.1 9.7
In fifth decile 22,235 11,025 11,210 12.2 12.2 12.1 2,690 1,350 1,340 10.3 10.6 10.0
In top half of the distribution 97,565 49,480 48,080 53.4 54.9 51.9 15,170 7,620 7,550 57.9 59.6 56.3
In sixth decile 22,005 11,035 10,970 12.0 12.2 11.8 2,585 1,270 1,320 9.9 9.9 9.9
In seventh decile 22,485 11,375 11,110 12.3 12.6 12.0 3,005 1,520 1,485 11.5 11.9 11.1
In eighth decile 21,010 10,640 10,365 11.5 11.8 11.2 3,285 1,645 1,640 12.5 12.9 12.2
In ninth decile 18,260 9,340 8,915 10.0 10.4 9.6 3,250 1,640 1,615 12.4 12.8 12.1
In top decile 13,805 7,085 6,725 7.6 7.9 7.3 3,040 1,545 1,495 11.6 12.1 11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 182,785 ... ... 182,785 ... ... 26,195 ... ... 26,195 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.300 ... ... 0.300 ... ... 0.318 ... ... 0.318 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.407 ... ... 0.407 ... ... 0.413 ... ... 0.413 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.254 ... ... 0.254 ... ... 0.271 ... ... 0.271 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 9,935 5,080 4,855 5.4 5.6 5.2 1,005 550 460 3.8 4.3 3.4
French only 67,485 30,925 36,560 36.7 34.1 39.1 9,065 3,985 5,080 34.5 31.1 37.7
English and French 105,250 54,080 51,170 57.2 59.6 54.8 15,860 8,145 7,720 60.4 63.5 57.4
Neither English nor French 1,460 655 805 0.8 0.7 0.9 350 145 205 1.3 1.1 1.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 28,375 14,270 14,110 15.4 15.7 15.1 2,615 1,350 1,260 10.0 10.5 9.4
French 144,860 71,010 73,850 78.7 78.3 79.1 21,650 10,525 11,130 82.4 82.1 82.7
English and French 9,500 4,845 4,660 5.2 5.3 5.0 1,685 810 875 6.4 6.3 6.5
Neither English nor French 1,390 615 770 0.8 0.7 0.8 335 140 195 1.3 1.1 1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 176,670 87,025 89,645 95.9 95.9 96.0 25,285 12,335 12,950 96.2 96.2 96.2
Official languages 152,135 74,865 77,270 82.6 82.5 82.7 20,795 10,170 10,625 79.1 79.3 78.9
English 20,740 10,365 10,370 11.3 11.4 11.1 1,260 645 615 4.8 5.0 4.6
French 131,390 64,500 66,900 71.4 71.1 71.6 19,540 9,525 10,015 74.4 74.3 74.4
Non-official languages 24,535 12,165 12,375 13.3 13.4 13.3 4,490 2,160 2,325 17.1 16.8 17.3
Indigenous languages39 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 24,510 12,155 12,355 13.3 13.4 13.2 4,485 2,165 2,325 17.1 16.9 17.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 3,385 1,780 1,605 1.8 2.0 1.7 535 275 260 2.0 2.1 1.9
Berber languages 610 335 275 0.3 0.4 0.3 65 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kabyle 570 315 260 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamazight 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 2,710 1,415 1,300 1.5 1.6 1.4 470 245 220 1.8 1.9 1.6
Amharic 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 2,650 1,385 1,265 1.4 1.5 1.4 465 245 220 1.8 1.9 1.6
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 360 165 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 50 65 0.4 0.4 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 240 110 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 40 55 0.4 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 385 150 240 0.2 0.2 0.3 55 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 240 85 160 0.1 0.1 0.2 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 660 330 325 0.4 0.4 0.3 110 55 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Haitian Creole 385 195 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 195 105 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sango 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Kannada 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 15,340 7,620 7,720 8.3 8.4 8.3 2,355 1,140 1,220 9.0 8.9 9.1
Albanian 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 3,505 1,695 1,805 1.9 1.9 1.9 350 180 175 1.3 1.4 1.3
Baltic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,495 1,695 1,795 1.9 1.9 1.9 350 180 175 1.3 1.4 1.3
Belarusian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 405 205 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Czech 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 455 230 230 0.2 0.3 0.2 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Russian 2,220 1,060 1,160 1.2 1.2 1.2 215 105 110 0.8 0.8 0.8
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 95 45 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 235 120 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 295 145 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 215 110 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 205 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 390 205 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 1,590 810 785 0.9 0.9 0.8 380 195 190 1.4 1.5 1.4
Indo-Aryan languages 705 355 350 0.4 0.4 0.4 95 45 50 0.4 0.4 0.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 215 110 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 260 130 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 885 455 430 0.5 0.5 0.5 280 145 140 1.1 1.1 1.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 860 440 420 0.5 0.5 0.4 275 140 140 1.0 1.1 1.0
Dari 215 130 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 70 45 0.4 0.5 0.3
Iranian Persian 575 275 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 145 60 85 0.6 0.5 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 9,460 4,715 4,740 5.1 5.2 5.1 1,480 700 775 5.6 5.5 5.8
Catalan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 1,135 630 510 0.6 0.7 0.5 85 55 35 0.3 0.4 0.3
Portuguese 1,240 600 645 0.7 0.7 0.7 270 120 145 1.0 0.9 1.1
Romanian 1,985 980 1,005 1.1 1.1 1.1 340 150 190 1.3 1.2 1.4
Spanish 5,085 2,510 2,580 2.8 2.8 2.8 785 375 410 3.0 2.9 3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korean 195 90 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 885 440 445 0.5 0.5 0.5 55 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Akan (Twi) 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 105 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0
Lingala 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 165 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 135 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 160 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,765 1,315 1,450 1.5 1.4 1.6 1,110 520 590 4.2 4.1 4.4
Chinese languages 2,755 1,310 1,445 1.5 1.4 1.5 1,110 520 590 4.2 4.1 4.4
Hakka 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,075 980 1,095 1.1 1.1 1.2 770 360 410 2.9 2.8 3.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 565 280 285 0.3 0.3 0.3 295 140 150 1.1 1.1 1.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Lao 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Thai 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 210 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 95 45 45 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 95 45 45 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 7,455 3,710 3,745 4.0 4.1 4.0 1,000 485 510 3.8 3.8 3.8
English and French 3,985 2,010 1,975 2.2 2.2 2.1 465 235 230 1.8 1.8 1.7
English and non-official language(s) 810 400 410 0.4 0.4 0.4 115 55 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 1,860 900 960 1.0 1.0 1.0 290 130 155 1.1 1.0 1.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 615 315 305 0.3 0.3 0.3 105 50 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 185 90 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 19,190 9,605 9,580 10.4 10.6 10.3 1,020 530 485 3.9 4.1 3.6
French 124,315 60,990 63,320 67.5 67.2 67.8 18,520 8,990 9,530 70.5 70.1 70.8
Non-official language 8,115 4,000 4,115 4.4 4.4 4.4 1,635 770 870 6.2 6.0 6.5
Indigenous39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 8,110 4,000 4,110 4.4 4.4 4.4 1,635 770 870 6.2 6.0 6.5
English and French 14,390 7,240 7,145 7.8 8.0 7.7 1,935 1,000 930 7.4 7.8 6.9
English and non-official language(s) 3,175 1,565 1,610 1.7 1.7 1.7 645 340 305 2.5 2.7 2.3
French and non-official language(s) 7,885 3,775 4,110 4.3 4.2 4.4 1,135 510 620 4.3 4.0 4.6
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,575 3,305 3,270 3.6 3.6 3.5 1,280 625 660 4.9 4.9 4.9
Multiple non-official languages 480 240 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 115 60 55 0.4 0.5 0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 175,705 86,670 89,035 95.4 95.5 95.3 24,990 12,200 12,785 95.1 95.1 95.0
Official languages 160,925 79,345 81,575 87.4 87.4 87.3 22,085 10,815 11,265 84.0 84.3 83.7
English 25,060 12,530 12,535 13.6 13.8 13.4 1,745 895 850 6.6 7.0 6.3
French 135,860 66,820 69,040 73.8 73.6 73.9 20,340 9,925 10,420 77.4 77.4 77.4
Non-official languages 14,775 7,325 7,455 8.0 8.1 8.0 2,905 1,390 1,520 11.1 10.8 11.3
Indigenous languages39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 14,775 7,320 7,450 8.0 8.1 8.0 2,905 1,390 1,520 11.1 10.8 11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,480 735 745 0.8 0.8 0.8 240 120 125 0.9 0.9 0.9
Berber languages 215 115 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 205 110 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,240 610 625 0.7 0.7 0.7 230 110 115 0.9 0.9 0.9
Amharic 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 1,210 600 610 0.7 0.7 0.7 230 110 115 0.9 0.9 0.9
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 170 85 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 165 90 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 25 20 5 0.1 0.2 0.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 230 100 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Haitian Creole 110 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 95 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 9,720 4,835 4,885 5.3 5.3 5.2 1,490 710 780 5.7 5.5 5.8
Albanian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 2,680 1,340 1,340 1.5 1.5 1.4 245 130 115 0.9 1.0 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,680 1,340 1,340 1.5 1.5 1.4 245 130 115 0.9 1.0 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 300 150 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Czech 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 190 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 1,960 970 995 1.1 1.1 1.1 175 90 80 0.7 0.7 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 155 85 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 35 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,150 580 575 0.6 0.6 0.6 290 140 150 1.1 1.1 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages 480 245 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 35 35 0.2 0.3 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.1 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 195 100 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 675 335 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 220 110 115 0.8 0.9 0.9
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 660 325 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 220 105 115 0.8 0.8 0.9
Dari 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 25 0.2 0.3 0.2
Iranian Persian 490 235 250 0.3 0.3 0.3 135 60 80 0.5 0.5 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,685 2,820 2,865 3.1 3.1 3.1 910 420 495 3.5 3.3 3.7
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 155 70 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 695 335 360 0.4 0.4 0.4 135 60 70 0.5 0.5 0.5
Romanian 1,380 695 690 0.7 0.8 0.7 235 105 125 0.9 0.8 0.9
Spanish 3,445 1,715 1,730 1.9 1.9 1.9 540 250 290 2.1 1.9 2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 150 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 215 100 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Akan (Twi) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,325 1,145 1,175 1.3 1.3 1.3 910 435 470 3.5 3.4 3.5
Chinese languages 2,320 1,150 1,180 1.3 1.3 1.3 910 435 470 3.5 3.4 3.5
Hakka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,850 915 935 1.0 1.0 1.0 675 325 350 2.6 2.5 2.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 385 190 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 200 95 105 0.8 0.7 0.8
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 95 45 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Uyghur 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 8,425 4,070 4,360 4.6 4.5 4.7 1,295 620 675 4.9 4.8 5.0
English and French 4,055 1,975 2,080 2.2 2.2 2.2 510 240 270 1.9 1.9 2.0
English and non-official language(s) 930 455 475 0.5 0.5 0.5 190 100 85 0.7 0.8 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 2,430 1,155 1,275 1.3 1.3 1.4 400 180 220 1.5 1.4 1.6
English, French and non-official language(s) 945 450 500 0.5 0.5 0.5 170 85 85 0.6 0.7 0.6
Multiple non-official languages 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,280 12,825 13,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 158,325 77,825 80,500 86.0 85.8 86.2 22,105 10,735 11,365 84.1 83.7 84.4
English 8,795 4,495 4,300 4.8 5.0 4.6 1,540 815 730 5.9 6.4 5.4
French 6,775 3,335 3,435 3.7 3.7 3.7 845 410 435 3.2 3.2 3.2
Non-official language 5,235 2,555 2,685 2.8 2.8 2.9 825 395 435 3.1 3.1 3.2
Indigenous39 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 5,220 2,550 2,675 2.8 2.8 2.9 825 395 435 3.1 3.1 3.2
English and French 1,790 925 865 1.0 1.0 0.9 385 190 190 1.5 1.5 1.4
English and non-official language(s) 1,550 795 755 0.8 0.9 0.8 295 150 145 1.1 1.2 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 1,115 550 565 0.6 0.6 0.6 170 80 95 0.6 0.6 0.7
English, French and non-official language(s) 200 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 335 160 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 181,335 89,465 91,875 99.2 99.2 99.2 25,870 12,630 13,235 98.8 98.7 98.8
English 114,840 59,140 55,695 62.8 65.6 60.1 16,855 8,680 8,175 64.3 67.8 61.0
French 171,395 84,305 87,090 93.8 93.5 94.0 24,830 12,035 12,800 94.8 94.1 95.5
Non-official languages 37,380 18,275 19,100 20.5 20.3 20.6 6,550 3,070 3,480 25.0 24.0 26.0
Indigenous languages39 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 37,305 18,245 19,060 20.4 20.2 20.6 6,550 3,060 3,480 25.0 23.9 26.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 5,715 2,855 2,860 3.1 3.2 3.1 725 335 395 2.8 2.6 2.9
Berber languages 905 440 460 0.5 0.5 0.5 80 35 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kabyle 850 415 435 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 35 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamazight 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 55 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 5,160 2,580 2,580 2.8 2.9 2.8 675 310 365 2.6 2.4 2.7
Amharic 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 4,860 2,460 2,405 2.7 2.7 2.6 655 305 350 2.5 2.4 2.6
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 265 125 140 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 495 260 230 0.3 0.3 0.2 140 75 65 0.5 0.6 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 225 130 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 275 140 135 0.2 0.2 0.1 105 60 45 0.4 0.5 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 700 325 380 0.4 0.4 0.4 110 50 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 170 100 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 135 80 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 445 190 255 0.2 0.2 0.3 105 50 50 0.4 0.4 0.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 1,585 785 800 0.9 0.9 0.9 195 95 100 0.7 0.7 0.7
Haitian Creole 960 440 515 0.5 0.5 0.6 95 35 60 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 390 215 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 45 35 0.3 0.4 0.3
Sango 70 50 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 140 60 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 23,660 11,500 12,160 12.9 12.8 13.1 3,795 1,765 2,030 14.5 13.8 15.1
Albanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 4,590 2,185 2,405 2.5 2.4 2.6 455 220 235 1.7 1.7 1.8
Baltic languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 4,585 2,185 2,400 2.5 2.4 2.6 455 220 235 1.7 1.7 1.8
Belarusian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 455 250 205 0.2 0.3 0.2 110 55 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Czech 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Macedonian 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 510 220 290 0.3 0.2 0.3 40 25 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Russian 3,400 1,615 1,785 1.9 1.8 1.9 315 145 170 1.2 1.1 1.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 170 95 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Bosnian 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 85 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 555 280 280 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 905 420 490 0.5 0.5 0.5 190 75 115 0.7 0.6 0.9
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 760 365 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 165 65 100 0.6 0.5 0.7
German 750 355 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 160 60 100 0.6 0.5 0.7
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 130 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 95 40 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 40 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 625 265 355 0.3 0.3 0.4 100 40 60 0.4 0.3 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 2,345 1,195 1,150 1.3 1.3 1.2 625 295 330 2.4 2.3 2.5
Indo-Aryan languages 1,110 590 525 0.6 0.7 0.6 190 100 95 0.7 0.8 0.7
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 320 175 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 375 185 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 70 35 35 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 400 215 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 260 145 115 0.1 0.2 0.1 45 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,260 625 635 0.7 0.7 0.7 440 200 240 1.7 1.6 1.8
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 1,225 600 625 0.7 0.7 0.7 435 195 240 1.7 1.5 1.8
Dari 315 170 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 155 75 80 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian Persian 815 405 410 0.4 0.4 0.4 265 115 145 1.0 0.9 1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 115 35 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 16,535 8,020 8,515 9.0 8.9 9.2 2,630 1,215 1,415 10.0 9.5 10.6
Catalan 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,550 1,420 1,130 1.4 1.6 1.2 295 155 140 1.1 1.2 1.0
Portuguese 1,900 960 935 1.0 1.1 1.0 355 180 175 1.4 1.4 1.3
Romanian 2,725 1,320 1,405 1.5 1.5 1.5 475 190 285 1.8 1.5 2.1
Spanish 10,385 4,900 5,490 5.7 5.4 5.9 1,705 810 895 6.5 6.3 6.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 210 105 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 30 35 0.3 0.2 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 2,005 980 1,025 1.1 1.1 1.1 110 50 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Akan (Twi) 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 120 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 110 45 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 245 125 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Luba-Kasai 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 260 105 150 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 195 95 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Wojenaka 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 370 190 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Yoruba 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 520 270 250 0.3 0.3 0.3 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
African, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 85 50 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,410 1,660 1,745 1.9 1.8 1.9 1,495 720 775 5.7 5.6 5.8
Chinese languages 3,405 1,660 1,745 1.9 1.8 1.9 1,495 720 775 5.7 5.6 5.8
Hakka 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,770 1,350 1,420 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,155 555 595 4.4 4.3 4.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 875 390 485 0.5 0.4 0.5 465 225 245 1.8 1.8 1.8
Chinese, n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 305 160 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 55 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 190 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 150 85 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 145 75 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,190 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 3,435 1,605 1,830 1.9 1.8 2.0 255 110 145 1.0 0.9 1.1
Single Indigenous responses46 3,210 1,500 1,710 1.8 1.7 1.8 230 95 135 0.9 0.7 1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,125 980 1,140 1.2 1.1 1.2 160 75 85 0.6 0.6 0.6
Métis 1,040 500 540 0.6 0.6 0.6 65 20 45 0.2 0.2 0.3
Inuk (Inuit) 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses47 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Non-Indigenous identity 179,350 88,575 90,780 98.1 98.2 98.0 25,940 12,685 13,250 99.0 99.1 98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,190 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,175 590 585 0.6 0.7 0.6 65 45 20 0.2 0.4 0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 181,610 89,580 92,025 99.4 99.3 99.4 26,130 12,755 13,375 99.8 99.7 99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 54,705 ... ... 75.3 ... ... 7,940 ... ... 71.9 ... ...
Renter 17,945 ... ... 24.7 ... ... 3,110 ... ... 28.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 10,075 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 2,565 ... ... 23.2 ... ...
Not condominium 62,575 ... ... 86.1 ... ... 8,485 ... ... 76.8 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 195 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
1 bedroom 6,275 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 1,275 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
2 bedrooms 18,890 ... ... 26.0 ... ... 3,535 ... ... 32.0 ... ...
3 bedrooms 26,600 ... ... 36.6 ... ... 3,605 ... ... 32.6 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 20,685 ... ... 28.5 ... ... 2,585 ... ... 23.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 18,290 ... ... 25.2 ... ... 3,735 ... ... 33.8 ... ...
5 rooms 10,420 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,530 ... ... 13.8 ... ...
6 rooms 9,050 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 1,140 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
7 rooms 10,415 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,225 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
8 or more rooms 24,465 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 3,420 ... ... 31.0 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.5 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 72,175 ... ... 99.3 ... ... 11,000 ... ... 99.5 ... ...
More than one person per room 475 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 71,000 ... ... 97.7 ... ... 10,795 ... ... 97.7 ... ...
Not suitable 1,645 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 255 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 7,870 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 1,210 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
1961 to 1980 19,190 ... ... 26.4 ... ... 2,045 ... ... 18.5 ... ...
1981 to 1990 11,860 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 1,945 ... ... 17.6 ... ...
1991 to 2000 10,325 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 1,900 ... ... 17.2 ... ...
2001 to 2005 5,340 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 1,170 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
2006 to 2010 5,925 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 725 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
2011 to 2015 5,180 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 665 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
2016 to 202157 6,965 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 1,385 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 69,150 ... ... 95.2 ... ... 10,535 ... ... 95.3 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,500 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 515 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 34,620 ... ... 47.7 ... ... 5,680 ... ... 51.4 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 36,145 ... ... 49.8 ... ... 5,190 ... ... 47.0 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,880 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 180 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 900 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 145 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
25 to 34 years 8,320 ... ... 11.5 ... ... 1,230 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
35 to 44 years 14,490 ... ... 19.9 ... ... 2,105 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
45 to 54 years 15,235 ... ... 21.0 ... ... 2,535 ... ... 22.9 ... ...
55 to 64 years 15,400 ... ... 21.2 ... ... 2,305 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
65 to 74 years 10,810 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 1,630 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
75 to 84 years 5,785 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 870 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
85 years and over 1,710 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 230 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 72,450 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 61,915 ... ... 85.5 ... ... 9,175 ... ... 83.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 10,535 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 1,835 ... ... 16.7 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 9,810 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,730 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 14,835 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 2,460 ... ... 22.3 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 9,815 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,710 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,405 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 210 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 2,775 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 395 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 120 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 600 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 105 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 125 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 57,815 ... ... 79.6 ... ... 8,595 ... ... 77.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 71,725 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,900 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 3,455 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 645 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Not in core need 68,265 ... ... 95.2 ... ... 10,255 ... ... 94.1 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 54,620 ... ... ... ... ... 7,940 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 70.3 ... ... 70.3 ... ... 68.1 ... ... 68.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 9.6 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
% in core housing need63 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,366 ... ... 1,366 ... ... 1,384 ... ... 1,384 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 448,000 ... ... 448,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 424,800 ... ... 424,800 ... ... 479,200 ... ... 479,200 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 17,940 ... ... ... ... ... 3,110 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.2 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 29.7 ... ... 29.7 ... ... 31.0 ... ... 31.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.2 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 930 ... ... 930 ... ... 910 ... ... 910 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,030 ... ... 1,030 ... ... 987 ... ... 987 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 2,380 1,075 1,300 1.3 1.2 1.4 205 95 110 0.8 0.7 0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 2,340 1,055 1,290 1.3 1.2 1.4 190 90 100 0.7 0.7 0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 1,955 870 1,080 1.1 1.0 1.2 170 80 90 0.6 0.6 0.7
Métis single ancestry 360 175 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit single ancestry 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,515 2,120 2,400 2.5 2.4 2.6 480 235 240 1.8 1.8 1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 4,505 2,120 2,390 2.5 2.4 2.6 480 235 240 1.8 1.8 1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 4,105 1,945 2,160 2.2 2.2 2.3 460 230 235 1.8 1.8 1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 370 155 215 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 175,895 86,980 88,910 96.2 96.5 96.0 25,520 12,470 13,050 97.4 97.5 97.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 175,465 86,640 88,830 96.0 96.1 95.9 24,880 12,150 12,725 95.0 95.0 95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 40,900 20,925 19,975 22.4 23.2 21.6 5,575 2,785 2,790 21.3 21.8 20.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 134,565 65,715 68,850 73.6 72.9 74.3 19,305 9,365 9,935 73.7 73.2 74.1
Not Canadian citizens78 7,325 3,540 3,780 4.0 3.9 4.1 1,320 640 670 5.0 5.0 5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 153,275 75,585 77,685 83.9 83.8 83.9 21,505 10,525 10,975 82.1 82.3 81.9
Immigrants81 28,050 13,830 14,225 15.3 15.3 15.4 4,400 2,115 2,285 16.8 16.5 17.1
Before 1980 3,230 1,720 1,515 1.8 1.9 1.6 410 200 210 1.6 1.6 1.6
1980 to 1990 2,270 1,155 1,110 1.2 1.3 1.2 485 295 185 1.9 2.3 1.4
1991 to 2000 3,970 1,915 2,050 2.2 2.1 2.2 635 275 365 2.4 2.1 2.7
2001 to 2010 9,370 4,600 4,775 5.1 5.1 5.2 1,395 660 740 5.3 5.2 5.5
2011 to 202182 9,215 4,435 4,775 5.0 4.9 5.2 1,465 685 780 5.6 5.4 5.8
2011 to 2015 5,520 2,690 2,830 3.0 3.0 3.1 785 360 425 3.0 2.8 3.2
2016 to 2021 3,690 1,750 1,945 2.0 1.9 2.1 685 325 360 2.6 2.5 2.7
Non-permanent residents83 1,460 765 695 0.8 0.8 0.8 295 150 135 1.1 1.2 1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 28,055 13,825 14,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,400 2,115 2,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 2,845 1,485 1,355 10.1 10.7 9.5 390 165 225 8.9 7.8 9.8
5 to 14 years 4,815 2,530 2,290 17.2 18.3 16.1 640 325 315 14.5 15.4 13.8
15 to 24 years 4,085 1,695 2,390 14.6 12.3 16.8 635 260 375 14.4 12.3 16.4
25 to 44 years 14,785 7,385 7,400 52.7 53.4 52.0 2,490 1,245 1,245 56.6 58.9 54.5
45 years and over 1,530 740 790 5.5 5.4 5.6 240 115 125 5.5 5.4 5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 28,055 13,825 14,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,400 2,115 2,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 6,730 3,135 3,590 24.0 22.7 25.2 775 335 435 17.6 15.8 19.0
Brazil 565 250 320 2.0 1.8 2.2 105 45 60 2.4 2.1 2.6
Colombia 895 425 475 3.2 3.1 3.3 185 70 110 4.2 3.3 4.8
El Salvador 340 155 180 1.2 1.1 1.3 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4
Guyana 120 70 55 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 765 330 440 2.7 2.4 3.1 70 25 50 1.6 1.2 2.2
Jamaica 315 155 160 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 420 220 200 1.5 1.6 1.4 15 15 0 0.3 0.7 0.0
Peru 510 240 270 1.8 1.7 1.9 60 20 40 1.4 0.9 1.8
Trinidad and Tobago 195 65 130 0.7 0.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 460 205 250 1.6 1.5 1.8 40 15 20 0.9 0.7 0.9
Other places of birth in Americas 2,145 1,030 1,110 7.6 7.5 7.8 280 140 145 6.4 6.6 6.3
Europe 7,925 4,005 3,920 28.2 29.0 27.6 1,155 605 550 26.3 28.6 24.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 55 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatia 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 1,370 730 640 4.9 5.3 4.5 335 200 140 7.6 9.5 6.1
Germany 220 110 110 0.8 0.8 0.8 35 15 20 0.8 0.7 0.9
Greece 130 65 65 0.5 0.5 0.5 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Hungary 60 45 20 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 595 365 230 2.1 2.6 1.6 35 30 10 0.8 1.4 0.4
Netherlands 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
Poland 305 115 190 1.1 0.8 1.3 20 10 0 0.5 0.5 0.0
Portugal 390 225 170 1.4 1.6 1.2 70 40 25 1.6 1.9 1.1
Romania 1,185 545 645 4.2 3.9 4.5 275 115 165 6.3 5.4 7.2
Russian Federation 565 255 305 2.0 1.8 2.1 50 25 20 1.1 1.2 0.9
Serbia86 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 565 280 290 2.0 2.0 2.0 50 20 35 1.1 0.9 1.5
United Kingdom87 215 115 100 0.8 0.8 0.7 15 15 0 0.3 0.7 0.0
Other places of birth in Europe 2,180 1,090 1,085 7.8 7.9 7.6 245 125 120 5.6 5.9 5.3
Africa 7,630 3,880 3,750 27.2 28.1 26.4 735 335 395 16.7 15.8 17.3
Algeria 1,340 675 665 4.8 4.9 4.7 160 70 90 3.6 3.3 3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 355 170 180 1.3 1.2 1.3 30 15 15 0.7 0.7 0.7
Egypt 535 275 255 1.9 2.0 1.8 105 40 70 2.4 1.9 3.1
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 35 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 1,405 695 705 5.0 5.0 5.0 130 65 65 3.0 3.1 2.8
Nigeria 220 120 100 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 3,730 1,930 1,800 13.3 14.0 12.7 290 140 150 6.6 6.6 6.6
Asia 5,740 2,785 2,960 20.5 20.1 20.8 1,735 835 905 39.4 39.5 39.6
Afghanistan 195 100 90 0.7 0.7 0.6 95 50 45 2.2 2.4 2.0
Iran88 665 340 325 2.4 2.5 2.3 215 105 110 4.9 5.0 4.8
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 320 170 155 1.1 1.2 1.1 75 35 40 1.7 1.7 1.8
Syria89 105 65 45 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 70 45 30 0.2 0.3 0.2 20 0 10 0.5 0.0 0.4
China90 1,780 830 950 6.3 6.0 6.7 720 350 375 16.4 16.5 16.4
Hong Kong91 165 80 85 0.6 0.6 0.6 100 55 40 2.3 2.6 1.8
Korea, South92 145 85 65 0.5 0.6 0.5 55 30 25 1.3 1.4 1.1
Taiwan 55 20 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 20 0 20 0.5 0.0 0.9
Philippines 410 145 270 1.5 1.0 1.9 65 20 50 1.5 0.9 2.2
Viet Nam 210 110 100 0.7 0.8 0.7 100 50 45 2.3 2.4 2.0
Bangladesh 145 75 75 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 20 15 0.7 0.9 0.7
India 370 205 170 1.3 1.5 1.2 60 30 30 1.4 1.4 1.3
Pakistan 135 75 55 0.5 0.5 0.4 25 15 15 0.6 0.7 0.7
Sri Lanka 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 930 450 485 3.3 3.3 3.4 145 65 85 3.3 3.1 3.7
Oceania and other places of birth93 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,695 1,745 1,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 685 330 355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 570 280 285 15.4 16.0 14.7 105 60 45 15.3 18.2 12.7
Brazil 90 35 50 2.4 2.0 2.6 30 10 15 4.4 3.0 4.2
Colombia 100 60 45 2.7 3.4 2.3 25 15 10 3.6 4.5 2.8
Haiti 40 15 25 1.1 0.9 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 20 20 0 0.5 1.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 20 10 10 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 85 45 35 2.3 2.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 70 30 35 1.9 1.7 1.8 30 15 20 4.4 4.5 5.6
Other places of birth in Americas 150 70 80 4.1 4.0 4.1 15 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0
Europe 665 320 345 18.0 18.3 17.7 80 45 35 11.7 13.6 9.9
France 140 75 65 3.8 4.3 3.3 25 10 10 3.6 3.0 2.8
Germany 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 95 45 45 2.6 2.6 2.3 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.8
Ukraine 95 45 50 2.6 2.6 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Europe 315 140 180 8.5 8.0 9.3 45 25 20 6.6 7.6 5.6
Africa 1,260 585 675 34.1 33.5 34.7 150 60 90 21.9 18.2 25.4
Algeria 195 75 115 5.3 4.3 5.9 20 0 20 2.9 0.0 5.6
Burundi 80 30 50 2.2 1.7 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 210 100 110 5.7 5.7 5.7 25 10 20 3.6 3.0 5.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 90 60 30 2.4 3.4 1.5 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 95 30 60 2.6 1.7 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 85 45 40 2.3 2.6 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 140 55 85 3.8 3.2 4.4 15 0 10 2.2 0.0 2.8
Nigeria 25 15 15 0.7 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 35 15 15 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 280 145 130 7.6 8.3 6.7 40 20 15 5.8 6.1 4.2
Asia 1,195 560 635 32.3 32.1 32.6 355 165 185 51.8 50.0 52.1
Afghanistan 15 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 570 265 305 15.4 15.2 15.7 180 90 90 26.3 27.3 25.4
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 100 45 60 2.7 2.6 3.1 20 0 10 2.9 0.0 2.8
Iran88 90 50 45 2.4 2.9 2.3 55 25 30 8.0 7.6 8.5
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 25 0 15 0.7 0.0 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 55 35 20 1.5 2.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 60 25 35 1.6 1.4 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 20 10 10 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 40 15 25 1.1 0.9 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saudi Arabia 55 20 35 1.5 1.1 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 45 25 20 1.2 1.4 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 75 40 40 2.0 2.3 2.1 35 25 15 5.1 7.6 4.2
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,190 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 30,540 15,060 15,480 16.7 16.7 16.7 4,880 2,360 2,525 18.6 18.4 18.8
Second generation101 22,345 11,515 10,830 12.2 12.8 11.7 3,185 1,590 1,595 12.2 12.4 11.9
Third generation or more102 129,905 63,600 66,300 71.1 70.5 71.6 18,130 8,850 9,275 69.2 69.2 69.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 24,820 12,110 12,710 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,990 1,910 2,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 15,505 8,025 7,475 62.5 66.3 58.8 2,790 1,445 1,345 69.9 75.7 65.0
Principal applicants105 6,740 4,000 2,745 27.2 33.0 21.6 1,260 710 550 31.6 37.2 26.6
Secondary applicants106 8,755 4,030 4,730 35.3 33.3 37.2 1,530 735 795 38.3 38.5 38.4
Immigrants sponsored by family107 5,505 2,190 3,315 22.2 18.1 26.1 825 315 510 20.7 16.5 24.6
Refugees108 3,445 1,715 1,725 13.9 14.2 13.6 340 145 195 8.5 7.6 9.4
Other immigrants109 370 180 190 1.5 1.5 1.5 30 15 15 0.8 0.8 0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 24,820 12,110 12,710 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,990 1,910 2,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 2,445 1,225 1,220 9.9 10.1 9.6 190 90 100 4.8 4.7 4.8
Work permits only before admission112 1,660 825 840 6.7 6.8 6.6 260 115 145 6.5 6.0 7.0
Study permits only before admission113 585 315 270 2.4 2.6 2.1 125 70 55 3.1 3.7 2.7
Work and study permits before admission114 925 505 425 3.7 4.2 3.3 280 160 120 7.0 8.4 5.8
Other permits before admission115 130 45 80 0.5 0.4 0.6 25 0 25 0.6 0.0 1.2
No pre-admission experience116 19,070 9,200 9,875 76.8 76.0 77.7 3,110 1,470 1,635 77.9 77.0 79.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,190 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 29,945 15,015 14,930 16.4 16.7 16.1 4,610 2,235 2,375 17.6 17.5 17.7
South Asian 1,775 950 825 1.0 1.1 0.9 295 165 135 1.1 1.3 1.0
Chinese 3,745 1,810 1,940 2.0 2.0 2.1 1,540 735 810 5.9 5.7 6.0
Black 10,680 5,260 5,420 5.8 5.8 5.9 535 255 285 2.0 2.0 2.1
Filipino 670 290 380 0.4 0.3 0.4 145 80 65 0.6 0.6 0.5
Arab 4,245 2,210 2,030 2.3 2.5 2.2 515 245 265 2.0 1.9 2.0
Latin American 4,940 2,550 2,395 2.7 2.8 2.6 595 280 315 2.3 2.2 2.4
Southeast Asian 935 445 490 0.5 0.5 0.5 230 95 130 0.9 0.7 1.0
West Asian 1,255 670 585 0.7 0.7 0.6 455 230 220 1.7 1.8 1.6
Korean 265 140 130 0.1 0.2 0.1 85 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.4
Japanese 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 340 170 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Multiple visible minorities 1,005 485 515 0.5 0.5 0.6 195 100 95 0.7 0.8 0.7
Not a visible minority120 152,840 75,160 77,680 83.6 83.3 83.9 21,580 10,555 11,025 82.4 82.5 82.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,400 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 53,165 25,665 27,505 29.1 28.5 29.7 7,270 3,475 3,790 27.8 27.2 28.3
English 5,780 2,910 2,865 3.2 3.2 3.1 455 235 225 1.7 1.8 1.7
Irish 12,560 6,125 6,435 6.9 6.8 6.9 985 450 540 3.8 3.5 4.0
Scottish 6,360 3,160 3,195 3.5 3.5 3.4 570 260 310 2.2 2.0 2.3
French, n.o.s.122 39,840 19,980 19,860 21.8 22.2 21.4 6,480 3,310 3,170 24.7 25.9 23.7
German 3,030 1,545 1,480 1.7 1.7 1.6 305 175 130 1.2 1.4 1.0
Chinese 3,855 1,885 1,965 2.1 2.1 2.1 1,475 715 760 5.6 5.6 5.7
Italian 8,210 4,295 3,905 4.5 4.8 4.2 975 515 460 3.7 4.0 3.4
Indian (India) 1,195 600 590 0.7 0.7 0.6 120 60 65 0.5 0.5 0.5
Ukrainian 1,920 840 1,080 1.1 0.9 1.2 175 75 100 0.7 0.6 0.7
Dutch 515 235 280 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2
Polish 1,545 795 755 0.8 0.9 0.8 120 75 45 0.5 0.6 0.3
Québécois 19,550 9,695 9,855 10.7 10.8 10.6 2,850 1,425 1,425 10.9 11.1 10.6
British Isles, n.o.s.123 1,115 515 600 0.6 0.6 0.6 85 55 30 0.3 0.4 0.2
Filipino 735 330 405 0.4 0.4 0.4 110 50 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
French Canadian 11,460 5,580 5,880 6.3 6.2 6.3 2,075 1,015 1,060 7.9 7.9 7.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 2,810 1,460 1,350 1.5 1.6 1.5 275 135 135 1.0 1.1 1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 2,855 1,370 1,490 1.6 1.5 1.6 330 175 160 1.3 1.4 1.2
Métis 770 355 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 45 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
European, n.o.s.126 1,805 895 910 1.0 1.0 1.0 370 185 185 1.4 1.4 1.4
Russian 1,650 775 880 0.9 0.9 1.0 160 100 65 0.6 0.8 0.5
Norwegian 160 85 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Welsh 350 160 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 1,835 980 860 1.0 1.1 0.9 325 180 145 1.2 1.4 1.1
American 1,115 455 660 0.6 0.5 0.7 175 80 100 0.7 0.6 0.7
Spanish 2,160 1,050 1,110 1.2 1.2 1.2 340 175 165 1.3 1.4 1.2
Swedish 175 100 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Hungarian 435 240 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 55 15 35 0.2 0.1 0.3
Acadian 2,390 1,100 1,295 1.3 1.2 1.4 345 170 165 1.3 1.3 1.2
Pakistani 300 180 120 0.2 0.2 0.1 55 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
African, n.o.s.127 1,800 920 875 1.0 1.0 0.9 55 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Jewish 500 255 245 0.3 0.3 0.3 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Punjabi 210 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 525 270 255 0.3 0.3 0.3 180 95 85 0.7 0.7 0.6
Arab, n.o.s.128 1,875 920 955 1.0 1.0 1.0 330 145 185 1.3 1.1 1.4
Greek 1,160 505 645 0.6 0.6 0.7 155 55 100 0.6 0.4 0.7
Jamaican 815 395 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asian, n.o.s.129 330 150 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 35 50 0.3 0.3 0.4
Cree, n.o.s.130 100 40 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 265 140 135 0.1 0.2 0.1 90 35 55 0.3 0.3 0.4
Romanian 2,205 1,095 1,115 1.2 1.2 1.2 470 200 270 1.8 1.6 2.0
Lebanese 770 425 340 0.4 0.5 0.4 205 120 90 0.8 0.9 0.7
Iranian 760 385 375 0.4 0.4 0.4 195 80 110 0.7 0.6 0.8
Christian, n.i.e.131 1,600 800 800 0.9 0.9 0.9 185 90 95 0.7 0.7 0.7
Danish 135 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 670 320 350 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 40 30 0.3 0.3 0.2
Sikh 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 215 105 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Belgian 1,160 545 610 0.6 0.6 0.7 140 70 70 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 1,905 905 1,000 1.0 1.0 1.1 195 95 105 0.7 0.7 0.8
Hindu 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mexican 895 485 410 0.5 0.5 0.4 105 80 30 0.4 0.6 0.2
Mennonite 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 425 205 220 0.2 0.2 0.2 70 35 35 0.3 0.3 0.3
Finnish 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lankan 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 95 55 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 165 70 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 345 180 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.135 200 115 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
Muslim 300 140 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egyptian 795 430 360 0.4 0.5 0.4 100 45 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 935 470 465 0.5 0.5 0.5 95 55 40 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tamil 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombian 1,065 545 515 0.6 0.6 0.6 190 95 100 0.7 0.7 0.7
Moroccan 1,460 710 755 0.8 0.8 0.8 165 75 90 0.6 0.6 0.7
Czech 145 60 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syrian 285 175 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 50 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guyanese 250 150 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afghan 320 185 135 0.2 0.2 0.1 145 75 70 0.6 0.6 0.5
Black, n.o.s.137 570 270 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 50 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Serbian 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Konger 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 35 0.2 0.3 0.3
Ontarian 160 90 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.1 0.2 0.1
Persian 235 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 45 45 0.4 0.4 0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 290 135 155 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 235 100 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.2 0.1 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladeshi 235 125 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 35 0.2 0.3 0.3
Algerian 1,030 525 500 0.6 0.6 0.5 100 50 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Brazilian 770 380 385 0.4 0.4 0.4 110 60 55 0.4 0.5 0.4
Nigerian 240 120 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 290 160 130 0.2 0.2 0.1 95 55 40 0.4 0.4 0.3
Slovak 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 205 125 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 110 35 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 585 320 255 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 275 110 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 345 185 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 430 150 285 0.2 0.2 0.3 50 15 35 0.2 0.1 0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.143 165 85 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 195 65 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
South African 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australian 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palestinian 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 460 225 230 0.3 0.2 0.2 85 50 40 0.3 0.4 0.3
Congolese 560 280 285 0.3 0.3 0.3 40 30 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Nova Scotian 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 140 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Peruvian 705 335 370 0.4 0.4 0.4 90 35 60 0.3 0.3 0.4
Yoruba 130 90 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 365 190 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 10 50 0.2 0.1 0.4
Berber 890 430 465 0.5 0.5 0.5 90 25 65 0.3 0.2 0.5
Albanian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 105 45 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 90 60 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 100 35 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 610 270 340 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 455 265 195 0.2 0.3 0.2 105 55 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Albertan 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Ghanaian 100 65 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 415 230 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 65 50 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 300 175 125 0.2 0.2 0.1 50 40 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 360 170 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 40 20 0.2 0.3 0.1
Bosnian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 315 160 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 305 145 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 15 30 0.2 0.1 0.2
Latvian 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 100 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 770 375 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 85 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.4
Guatemalan 220 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Laotian 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 35 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
British Columbian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 105 45 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 45 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Estonian 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 155 80 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Coptic 160 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 220 105 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 400 175 225 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 155 65 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 295 135 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Moldovan 1,045 515 535 0.6 0.6 0.6 110 65 40 0.4 0.5 0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 230 95 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.2 0.1 0.2
New Zealander 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 335 175 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 50 45 0.4 0.4 0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 165 80 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 195 80 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 340 145 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Norman 185 100 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 230 100 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 310 145 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Mauritian 385 210 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 90 50 35 0.3 0.4 0.3
Kenyan 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 210 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 200 85 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 90 50 40 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 70 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 135 80 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 270 130 140 0.1 0.1 0.2 35 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Sicilian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 100 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bamileke 310 150 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 260 125 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uruguayan 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 140 80 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 215 130 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 182,790 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,195 12,795 13,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 735 345 390 0.4 0.4 0.4 195 90 100 0.7 0.7 0.7
Christian 122,810 59,075 63,730 67.2 65.5 68.8 16,910 8,015 8,895 64.6 62.6 66.4
Christian, n.o.s.162 11,150 5,625 5,530 6.1 6.2 6.0 1,440 715 725 5.5 5.6 5.4
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anglican 1,525 670 855 0.8 0.7 0.9 60 35 30 0.2 0.3 0.2
Baptist 650 295 350 0.4 0.3 0.4 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catholic 98,535 47,345 51,185 53.9 52.5 55.3 14,215 6,750 7,465 54.3 52.8 55.7
Christian Orthodox 5,040 2,370 2,670 2.8 2.6 2.9 835 355 480 3.2 2.8 3.6
Jehovah's Witness 745 330 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Latter Day Saints 120 40 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,065 515 545 0.6 0.6 0.6 40 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Presbyterian 215 115 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
Reformed 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Church 650 330 320 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 2,925 1,335 1,590 1.6 1.5 1.7 160 60 100 0.6 0.5 0.7
Hindu 525 270 255 0.3 0.3 0.3 130 60 60 0.5 0.5 0.4
Jewish 300 160 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Muslim 8,005 4,020 3,985 4.4 4.5 4.3 1,110 525 585 4.2 4.1 4.4
Sikh 345 185 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 395 165 235 0.2 0.2 0.3 60 25 40 0.2 0.2 0.3
No religion and secular perspectives 49,655 25,945 23,705 27.2 28.8 25.6 7,700 4,020 3,680 29.4 31.4 27.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 180,990 89,290 91,700 100.0 100.0 100.0 25,990 12,700 13,295 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 162,420 80,340 82,090 89.7 90.0 89.5 23,595 11,520 12,080 90.8 90.7 90.9
Movers 18,565 8,950 9,615 10.3 10.0 10.5 2,390 1,180 1,215 9.2 9.3 9.1
Non-migrants 6,590 3,285 3,310 3.6 3.7 3.6 800 385 415 3.1 3.0 3.1
Migrants 11,975 5,670 6,300 6.6 6.4 6.9 1,595 790 805 6.1 6.2 6.1
Internal migrants 11,460 5,435 6,030 6.3 6.1 6.6 1,510 755 760 5.8 5.9 5.7
Intraprovincial migrants 11,155 5,320 5,830 6.2 6.0 6.4 1,450 735 720 5.6 5.8 5.4
Interprovincial migrants 305 115 195 0.2 0.1 0.2 60 25 40 0.2 0.2 0.3
External migrants 510 235 275 0.3 0.3 0.3 85 40 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 172,675 84,890 87,780 100.0 100.0 100.0 24,925 12,085 12,845 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 105,940 52,675 53,255 61.4 62.1 60.7 15,115 7,460 7,660 60.6 61.7 59.6
Movers 66,740 32,215 34,525 38.7 37.9 39.3 9,805 4,625 5,185 39.3 38.3 40.4
Non-migrants 15,650 7,500 8,155 9.1 8.8 9.3 1,780 885 895 7.1 7.3 7.0
Migrants 51,085 24,710 26,375 29.6 29.1 30.0 8,025 3,735 4,290 32.2 30.9 33.4
Internal migrants 47,375 22,900 24,475 27.4 27.0 27.9 7,250 3,345 3,900 29.1 27.7 30.4
Intraprovincial migrants 46,280 22,385 23,900 26.8 26.4 27.2 7,105 3,275 3,830 28.5 27.1 29.8
Interprovincial migrants 1,095 515 575 0.6 0.6 0.7 140 70 70 0.6 0.6 0.5
External migrants 3,710 1,815 1,895 2.1 2.1 2.2 780 385 390 3.1 3.2 3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 27,370 14,710 12,660 18.6 20.4 16.8 3,105 1,635 1,470 14.5 15.8 13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 120,165 57,425 62,740 81.4 79.6 83.2 18,325 8,745 9,580 85.5 84.3 86.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 98,130 47,965 50,165 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,245 7,010 7,235 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 11,385 6,800 4,585 11.6 14.2 9.1 1,160 710 455 8.1 10.1 6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 86,750 41,170 45,575 88.4 85.8 90.9 13,085 6,305 6,785 91.9 89.9 93.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,375 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 24,280 12,660 11,610 16.5 17.6 15.4 2,780 1,405 1,375 13.0 13.5 12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 35,495 17,475 18,015 24.1 24.2 23.9 4,655 2,320 2,335 21.7 22.4 21.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 87,770 41,995 45,775 59.5 58.2 60.7 13,995 6,655 7,345 65.3 64.1 66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 55,250 27,890 27,360 37.4 38.7 36.3 7,150 3,570 3,580 33.4 34.4 32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 22,775 13,945 8,825 15.4 19.3 11.7 2,480 1,495 995 11.6 14.4 9.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,145 8,470 7,675 10.9 11.7 10.2 1,795 965 830 8.4 9.3 7.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 6,630 5,475 1,150 4.5 7.6 1.5 695 530 160 3.2 5.1 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 26,640 11,500 15,145 18.1 15.9 20.1 3,710 1,695 2,020 17.3 16.3 18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 5,840 2,445 3,395 4.0 3.4 4.5 955 380 575 4.5 3.7 5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher 32,525 14,105 18,415 22.0 19.6 24.4 6,845 3,085 3,755 31.9 29.7 34.0
Bachelor's degree 21,630 9,140 12,490 14.7 12.7 16.6 4,360 1,895 2,470 20.3 18.3 22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 3,135 1,305 1,830 2.1 1.8 2.4 615 245 370 2.9 2.4 3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 485 210 275 0.3 0.3 0.4 95 35 60 0.4 0.3 0.5
Master's degree 6,420 2,985 3,440 4.4 4.1 4.6 1,565 765 800 7.3 7.4 7.2
Earned doctorate171 845 470 380 0.6 0.7 0.5 210 150 60 1.0 1.4 0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 98,130 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,015 7,240 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 9,250 5,440 3,815 9.4 11.3 7.6 945 570 380 6.6 8.1 5.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 18,805 9,660 9,140 19.2 20.1 18.2 2,165 1,185 985 15.2 16.9 13.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 70,075 32,870 37,210 71.4 68.5 74.2 11,140 5,265 5,880 78.2 75.1 81.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 41,790 20,975 20,815 42.6 43.7 41.5 5,125 2,595 2,525 36.0 37.0 34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 17,670 10,500 7,170 18.0 21.9 14.3 1,875 1,095 775 13.2 15.6 10.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 12,740 6,485 6,255 13.0 13.5 12.5 1,360 715 650 9.5 10.2 9.0
Apprenticeship certificate169 4,935 4,010 920 5.0 8.4 1.8 510 385 120 3.6 5.5 1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 19,575 8,575 11,000 19.9 17.9 21.9 2,585 1,250 1,335 18.1 17.8 18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 4,545 1,905 2,640 4.6 4.0 5.3 665 250 415 4.7 3.6 5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher 28,285 11,890 16,390 28.8 24.8 32.7 6,015 2,665 3,350 42.2 38.0 46.3
Bachelor's degree 18,680 7,665 11,020 19.0 16.0 22.0 3,790 1,605 2,180 26.6 22.9 30.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,685 1,045 1,645 2.7 2.2 3.3 550 220 330 3.9 3.1 4.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 390 150 240 0.4 0.3 0.5 70 20 55 0.5 0.3 0.8
Master's degree 5,785 2,650 3,140 5.9 5.5 6.3 1,410 690 725 9.9 9.8 10.0
Earned doctorate171 740 390 355 0.8 0.8 0.7 190 135 60 1.3 1.9 0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 147,540 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,380 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 59,770 30,140 29,625 40.5 41.8 39.3 7,435 3,720 3,710 34.7 35.8 33.6
Education 6,230 1,230 5,005 4.2 1.7 6.6 1,070 210 860 5.0 2.0 7.8
13. Education 6,230 1,230 5,005 4.2 1.7 6.6 1,070 210 860 5.0 2.0 7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,910 1,200 1,715 2.0 1.7 2.3 450 180 270 2.1 1.7 2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 465 325 145 0.3 0.5 0.2 65 40 25 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 2,445 880 1,570 1.7 1.2 2.1 385 145 245 1.8 1.4 2.2
Humanities 3,835 1,310 2,525 2.6 1.8 3.3 670 210 465 3.1 2.0 4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 575 140 435 0.4 0.2 0.6 115 25 90 0.5 0.2 0.8
23. English language and literature/letters 175 55 115 0.1 0.1 0.2 40 0 35 0.2 0.0 0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,130 745 1,380 1.4 1.0 1.8 335 130 205 1.6 1.3 1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 165 105 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
54. History 235 110 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 20 35 0.3 0.2 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 370 65 300 0.3 0.1 0.4 90 10 80 0.4 0.1 0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law 8,705 2,480 6,225 5.9 3.4 8.3 1,380 460 915 6.4 4.4 8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 85 20 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 970 275 695 0.7 0.4 0.9 195 50 145 0.9 0.5 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,720 70 1,650 1.2 0.1 2.2 165 0 160 0.8 0.0 1.4
22. Legal professions and studies 1,740 530 1,210 1.2 0.7 1.6 315 95 220 1.5 0.9 2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 195 30 160 0.1 0.0 0.2 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 1,120 205 915 0.8 0.3 1.2 230 60 170 1.1 0.6 1.5
45. Social sciences 2,875 1,345 1,525 1.9 1.9 2.0 440 240 195 2.1 2.3 1.8
Business, management and public administration 21,985 8,025 13,960 14.9 11.1 18.5 3,885 1,525 2,360 18.1 14.7 21.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 895 175 725 0.6 0.2 1.0 120 15 105 0.6 0.1 0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 21,075 7,845 13,230 14.3 10.9 17.5 3,770 1,510 2,255 17.6 14.5 20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,955 1,580 1,380 2.0 2.2 1.8 580 310 270 2.7 3.0 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 980 395 580 0.7 0.5 0.8 220 85 130 1.0 0.8 1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 520 300 225 0.4 0.4 0.3 105 60 40 0.5 0.6 0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 360 175 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 45 0.3 0.3 0.4
40. Physical sciences 920 620 300 0.6 0.9 0.4 170 120 50 0.8 1.2 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 185 95 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 4,010 2,950 1,060 2.7 4.1 1.4 870 630 245 4.1 6.1 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 3,525 2,710 820 2.4 3.8 1.1 725 570 160 3.4 5.5 1.4
25. Library science 145 25 115 0.1 0.0 0.2 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 295 190 105 0.2 0.3 0.1 100 50 45 0.5 0.5 0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 19,405 17,505 1,900 13.2 24.3 2.5 2,655 2,290 370 12.4 22.1 3.3
04. Architecture and related services 595 345 250 0.4 0.5 0.3 115 80 35 0.5 0.8 0.3
14. Engineering 4,065 3,280 785 2.8 4.5 1.0 940 745 195 4.4 7.2 1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 3,735 3,275 460 2.5 4.5 0.6 505 410 100 2.4 3.9 0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 4,375 4,220 160 3.0 5.9 0.2 460 450 10 2.1 4.3 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 4,240 4,130 105 2.9 5.7 0.1 380 375 0 1.8 3.6 0.0
48. Precision production 2,390 2,255 135 1.6 3.1 0.2 240 225 15 1.1 2.2 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,165 590 575 0.8 0.8 0.8 205 105 105 1.0 1.0 0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 885 395 490 0.6 0.5 0.6 145 65 85 0.7 0.6 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 280 195 85 0.2 0.3 0.1 60 45 20 0.3 0.4 0.2
Health and related fields 10,160 1,620 8,540 6.9 2.2 11.3 1,360 235 1,125 6.3 2.3 10.2
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 615 305 310 0.4 0.4 0.4 65 35 35 0.3 0.3 0.3
51. Health professions and related programs178 9,410 1,260 8,145 6.4 1.7 10.8 1,265 195 1,065 5.9 1.9 9.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 135 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 0 25 0.2 0.0 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 6,390 3,505 2,890 4.3 4.9 3.8 865 500 365 4.0 4.8 3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 3,065 755 2,305 2.1 1.0 3.1 455 160 295 2.1 1.5 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 1,695 1,300 395 1.1 1.8 0.5 240 180 50 1.1 1.7 0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,600 1,415 185 1.1 2.0 0.2 165 150 15 0.8 1.4 0.1
Other179 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 98,125 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,010 7,235 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 28,055 15,100 12,955 28.6 31.5 25.8 3,110 1,750 1,360 21.8 25.0 18.8
Education 4,580 775 3,805 4.7 1.6 7.6 800 140 660 5.6 2.0 9.1
13. Education 4,580 775 3,805 4.7 1.6 7.6 800 140 660 5.6 2.0 9.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,245 875 1,380 2.3 1.8 2.8 360 140 220 2.5 2.0 3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 300 205 95 0.3 0.4 0.2 50 30 20 0.4 0.4 0.3
50. Visual and performing arts 1,950 670 1,280 2.0 1.4 2.6 315 115 195 2.2 1.6 2.7
Humanities 2,560 880 1,675 2.6 1.8 3.3 445 140 305 3.1 2.0 4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 425 100 320 0.4 0.2 0.6 90 15 75 0.6 0.2 1.0
23. English language and literature/letters 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 30 0 25 0.2 0.0 0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 1,315 490 815 1.3 1.0 1.6 200 90 110 1.4 1.3 1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 100 75 25 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
54. History 170 70 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 40 10 25 0.3 0.1 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 280 55 220 0.3 0.1 0.4 70 10 65 0.5 0.1 0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,155 1,925 5,230 7.3 4.0 10.4 1,095 335 760 7.7 4.8 10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 75 15 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 845 235 620 0.9 0.5 1.2 145 25 125 1.0 0.4 1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,445 30 1,410 1.5 0.1 2.8 150 0 140 1.1 0.0 1.9
22. Legal professions and studies 1,475 430 1,045 1.5 0.9 2.1 240 65 170 1.7 0.9 2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 135 25 110 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
42. Psychology 875 140 735 0.9 0.3 1.5 185 40 145 1.3 0.6 2.0
45. Social sciences 2,305 1,055 1,255 2.3 2.2 2.5 355 195 160 2.5 2.8 2.2
Business, management and public administration 18,105 6,460 11,645 18.5 13.5 23.2 3,220 1,280 1,940 22.6 18.3 26.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 765 150 615 0.8 0.3 1.2 100 15 90 0.7 0.2 1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 17,330 6,305 11,025 17.7 13.1 22.0 3,115 1,265 1,855 21.9 18.0 25.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,080 1,110 975 2.1 2.3 1.9 420 235 185 2.9 3.4 2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 870 355 510 0.9 0.7 1.0 195 80 115 1.4 1.1 1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 350 210 145 0.4 0.4 0.3 60 40 20 0.4 0.6 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
40. Physical sciences 680 435 245 0.7 0.9 0.5 140 105 35 1.0 1.5 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 140 75 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 3,595 2,655 940 3.7 5.5 1.9 760 545 215 5.3 7.8 3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 3,225 2,485 745 3.3 5.2 1.5 670 520 150 4.7 7.4 2.1
25. Library science 120 25 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 30 0 30 0.2 0.0 0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics 210 130 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 60 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 15,370 13,640 1,725 15.7 28.4 3.4 2,130 1,785 345 14.9 25.5 4.8
04. Architecture and related services 470 250 220 0.5 0.5 0.4 100 65 35 0.7 0.9 0.5
14. Engineering 3,675 2,930 745 3.7 6.1 1.5 870 680 195 6.1 9.7 2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,875 2,465 410 2.9 5.1 0.8 365 285 85 2.6 4.1 1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 3,285 3,150 135 3.3 6.6 0.3 335 325 15 2.4 4.6 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 3,305 3,210 100 3.4 6.7 0.2 295 295 0 2.1 4.2 0.0
48. Precision production 1,760 1,635 125 1.8 3.4 0.2 160 140 15 1.1 2.0 0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 945 470 475 1.0 1.0 0.9 170 85 80 1.2 1.2 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 720 320 405 0.7 0.7 0.8 110 45 70 0.8 0.6 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 230 155 70 0.2 0.3 0.1 60 40 10 0.4 0.6 0.1
Health and related fields 8,270 1,295 6,975 8.4 2.7 13.9 1,060 185 870 7.4 2.6 12.0
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 545 255 285 0.6 0.5 0.6 65 30 35 0.5 0.4 0.5
51. Health professions and related programs178 7,620 1,005 6,615 7.8 2.1 13.2 970 155 815 6.8 2.2 11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 105 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 5,150 2,770 2,385 5.2 5.8 4.8 690 385 300 4.8 5.5 4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,480 575 1,900 2.5 1.2 3.8 365 125 235 2.6 1.8 3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 1,400 1,075 330 1.4 2.2 0.7 190 145 45 1.3 2.1 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,260 1,115 155 1.3 2.3 0.3 130 120 15 0.9 1.7 0.2
Other179 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 98,125 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,010 7,235 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 28,055 15,100 12,955 28.6 31.5 25.8 3,110 1,750 1,360 21.8 25.0 18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 70,075 32,870 37,205 71.4 68.5 74.2 11,140 5,260 5,880 78.2 75.0 81.3
Location of study inside Canada 60,345 28,080 32,260 61.5 58.5 64.3 9,540 4,475 5,060 66.9 63.8 69.9
Same as province or territory of residence 58,970 27,470 31,500 60.1 57.3 62.8 9,335 4,400 4,930 65.5 62.8 68.1
Different than province or territory of residence 1,375 610 760 1.4 1.3 1.5 205 75 130 1.4 1.1 1.8
Location of study outside Canada182 9,735 4,790 4,945 9.9 10.0 9.9 1,600 785 815 11.2 11.2 11.3
Americas 2,255 1,120 1,135 2.3 2.3 2.3 295 145 150 2.1 2.1 2.1
United States of America 465 270 200 0.5 0.6 0.4 65 45 20 0.5 0.6 0.3
Mexico 230 100 130 0.2 0.2 0.3 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cuba 75 50 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 75 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 430 205 225 0.4 0.4 0.4 75 40 35 0.5 0.6 0.5
Colombia 370 170 200 0.4 0.4 0.4 55 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
Peru 180 75 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Venezuela95 140 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 270 150 125 0.3 0.3 0.2 45 20 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Europe 3,415 1,745 1,670 3.5 3.6 3.3 565 315 250 4.0 4.5 3.5
Belgium 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
France 1,050 585 465 1.1 1.2 0.9 230 135 95 1.6 1.9 1.3
Germany 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Netherlands 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 620 265 355 0.6 0.6 0.7 50 20 30 0.4 0.3 0.4
Poland 45 0 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 530 285 245 0.5 0.6 0.5 155 85 75 1.1 1.2 1.0
Russian Federation 265 125 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Ukraine 250 135 115 0.3 0.3 0.2 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ireland96 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 20 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 1,905 935 965 1.9 1.9 1.9 155 65 85 1.1 0.9 1.2
Nigeria 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 535 250 285 0.5 0.5 0.6 70 30 35 0.5 0.4 0.5
Morocco 355 180 170 0.4 0.4 0.3 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Egypt 150 80 70 0.2 0.2 0.1 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 640 320 325 0.7 0.7 0.6 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 2,110 955 1,155 2.2 2.0 2.3 570 255 320 4.0 3.6 4.4
Iran88 280 140 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 80 35 50 0.6 0.5 0.7
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Syria89 20 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 890 405 485 0.9 0.8 1.0 295 130 165 2.1 1.9 2.3
Taiwan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Philippines 165 35 130 0.2 0.1 0.3 25 0 20 0.2 0.0 0.3
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 150 60 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 45 30 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Pakistan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 275 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 30 0.4 0.4 0.4
Oceania 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Australia 40 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealand 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 147,540 72,135 75,405 ... ... ... 21,430 10,375 11,055 ... ... ...
In the labour force 100,830 51,535 49,305 ... ... ... 14,515 7,410 7,105 ... ... ...
Employed 94,625 48,450 46,175 ... ... ... 13,635 6,975 6,655 ... ... ...
Unemployed 6,210 3,085 3,125 ... ... ... 880 430 450 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 46,705 20,605 26,100 ... ... ... 6,915 2,970 3,945 ... ... ...
Participation rate 68.3 71.4 65.4 68.3 71.4 65.4 67.7 71.4 64.3 67.7 71.4 64.3
Employment rate 64.1 67.2 61.2 64.1 67.2 61.2 63.6 67.2 60.2 63.6 67.2 60.2
Unemployment rate 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 147,540 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,430 10,380 11,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 46,010 20,045 25,965 31.2 27.8 34.4 6,585 2,785 3,800 30.7 26.8 34.4
Worked 101,525 52,085 49,440 68.8 72.2 65.6 14,845 7,595 7,250 69.3 73.2 65.6
Worked full year full time187 57,840 31,135 26,700 39.2 43.2 35.4 8,645 4,710 3,935 40.3 45.4 35.6
Worked part year and/or part time188 43,685 20,950 22,735 29.6 29.0 30.2 6,200 2,885 3,320 28.9 27.8 30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.4 42.9 41.8 42.4 42.9 41.8 42.5 43.2 41.7 42.5 43.2 41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,515 7,410 7,100 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 250 105 140 1.7 1.4 2.0
All classes of workers191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 14,270 7,305 6,965 98.3 98.6 98.1
Employee 88,800 44,595 44,200 88.1 86.5 89.7 12,725 6,365 6,365 87.7 85.9 89.6
Permanent position 76,900 39,275 37,625 76.3 76.2 76.3 10,885 5,535 5,345 75.0 74.7 75.3
Temporary position 11,900 5,320 6,575 11.8 10.3 13.3 1,845 825 1,020 12.7 11.1 14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more) 3,675 1,460 2,220 3.6 2.8 4.5 675 285 390 4.7 3.8 5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 8,220 3,865 4,360 8.2 7.5 8.8 1,165 545 625 8.0 7.4 8.8
Self-employed192 10,290 6,200 4,090 10.2 12.0 8.3 1,540 940 600 10.6 12.7 8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,515 7,410 7,100 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 250 105 140 1.7 1.4 2.0
All occupations191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 14,270 7,305 6,965 98.3 98.6 98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 1,875 1,385 490 1.9 2.7 1.0 405 310 95 2.8 4.2 1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 20,145 6,395 13,745 20.0 12.4 27.9 3,345 1,100 2,240 23.0 14.8 31.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 8,665 6,695 1,970 8.6 13.0 4.0 1,805 1,310 495 12.4 17.7 7.0
3 Health occupations 7,830 1,175 6,655 7.8 2.3 13.5 970 155 820 6.7 2.1 11.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 12,300 3,290 9,005 12.2 6.4 18.3 1,875 550 1,325 12.9 7.4 18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,445 1,175 1,270 2.4 2.3 2.6 350 185 165 2.4 2.5 2.3
6 Sales and service occupations 23,615 11,120 12,495 23.4 21.6 25.3 3,360 1,740 1,625 23.1 23.5 22.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 17,610 16,145 1,460 17.5 31.3 3.0 1,735 1,625 115 12.0 21.9 1.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 850 645 205 0.8 1.3 0.4 60 45 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 3,760 2,770 990 3.7 5.4 2.0 355 285 70 2.4 3.8 1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,515 7,410 7,100 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 250 105 140 1.7 1.4 2.0
All industries191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 14,270 7,305 6,965 98.3 98.6 98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 655 410 240 0.6 0.8 0.5 55 40 15 0.4 0.5 0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 170 125 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 15 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
22 Utilities 980 700 275 1.0 1.4 0.6 195 135 60 1.3 1.8 0.8
23 Construction 7,530 6,330 1,195 7.5 12.3 2.4 910 720 195 6.3 9.7 2.7
31-33 Manufacturing 9,885 7,025 2,855 9.8 13.6 5.8 1,205 855 350 8.3 11.5 4.9
41 Wholesale trade 4,080 2,705 1,380 4.0 5.2 2.8 455 300 160 3.1 4.0 2.3
44-45 Retail trade 12,280 5,885 6,390 12.2 11.4 13.0 1,865 930 930 12.8 12.6 13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 6,600 4,945 1,655 6.5 9.6 3.4 680 530 155 4.7 7.2 2.2
51 Information and cultural industries 2,320 1,335 985 2.3 2.6 2.0 425 255 165 2.9 3.4 2.3
52 Finance and insurance 5,050 2,060 2,990 5.0 4.0 6.1 960 440 520 6.6 5.9 7.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1,575 860 720 1.6 1.7 1.5 190 95 100 1.3 1.3 1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 7,720 4,180 3,540 7.7 8.1 7.2 1,530 815 715 10.5 11.0 10.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises 110 60 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 25 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 3,590 2,185 1,405 3.6 4.2 2.8 440 245 200 3.0 3.3 2.8
61 Educational services 7,885 2,020 5,870 7.8 3.9 11.9 1,330 370 955 9.2 5.0 13.5
62 Health care and social assistance 13,285 2,185 11,100 13.2 4.2 22.5 1,645 280 1,360 11.3 3.8 19.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,265 660 605 1.3 1.3 1.2 170 85 85 1.2 1.1 1.2
72 Accommodation and food services 4,510 2,245 2,270 4.5 4.4 4.6 710 410 300 4.9 5.5 4.2
81 Other services (except public administration) 3,855 1,860 1,995 3.8 3.6 4.0 455 235 225 3.1 3.2 3.2
91 Public administration 5,750 3,030 2,725 5.7 5.9 5.5 990 535 455 6.8 7.2 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,590 7,930 7,665 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 7,510 4,215 3,295 7.0 7.7 6.3 910 550 360 5.8 6.9 4.7
French 58,990 29,540 29,455 55.3 54.1 56.5 8,915 4,345 4,570 57.2 54.8 59.6
Non-official language 300 145 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 70 30 40 0.4 0.4 0.5
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 300 145 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 70 30 40 0.4 0.4 0.5
English and French 38,335 19,960 18,375 35.9 36.5 35.3 5,375 2,850 2,530 34.5 35.9 33.0
English and non-official language(s) 280 115 160 0.3 0.2 0.3 55 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
French and non-official language(s) 240 110 130 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,095 560 535 1.0 1.0 1.0 240 135 110 1.5 1.7 1.4
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,590 7,930 7,665 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 98,970 50,620 48,350 92.7 92.6 92.8 14,560 7,385 7,170 93.4 93.1 93.5
Official languages 98,475 50,385 48,085 92.2 92.2 92.3 14,455 7,330 7,120 92.7 92.4 92.9
English 15,325 8,375 6,950 14.4 15.3 13.3 2,015 1,150 865 12.9 14.5 11.3
French 83,145 42,010 41,135 77.9 76.9 78.9 12,435 6,180 6,260 79.8 77.9 81.7
Non-official languages 500 240 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 105 50 55 0.7 0.6 0.7
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 500 240 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 105 50 55 0.7 0.6 0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 225 105 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 140 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 205 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 40 45 0.5 0.5 0.6
Chinese languages 205 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 40 45 0.5 0.5 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 165 90 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 50 20 30 0.3 0.3 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 7,785 4,030 3,755 7.3 7.4 7.2 1,035 540 490 6.6 6.8 6.4
English and French 7,455 3,850 3,600 7.0 7.0 6.9 960 505 455 6.2 6.4 5.9
English and non-official language(s) 105 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 125 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,590 7,930 7,665 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 74,230 37,720 36,510 69.5 69.0 70.1 10,865 5,435 5,435 69.7 68.5 70.9
English 23,770 12,320 11,450 22.3 22.5 22.0 3,425 1,800 1,630 22.0 22.7 21.3
French 7,585 4,050 3,535 7.1 7.4 6.8 1,065 590 480 6.8 7.4 6.3
Non-official language 485 220 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 90 35 60 0.6 0.4 0.8
Indigenous39 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 475 220 255 0.4 0.4 0.5 90 35 60 0.6 0.4 0.8
English and French 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 385 170 220 0.4 0.3 0.4 95 45 50 0.6 0.6 0.7
French and non-official language(s) 195 105 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 50 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 94,625 48,445 46,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,630 6,975 6,655 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 21,160 9,875 11,285 22.4 20.4 24.4 3,965 1,965 2,005 29.1 28.2 30.1
Worked outside Canada 190 125 65 0.2 0.3 0.1 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
No fixed workplace address 10,350 7,950 2,400 10.9 16.4 5.2 1,165 910 255 8.5 13.0 3.8
Usual place of work 62,925 30,500 32,430 66.5 63.0 70.2 8,490 4,095 4,395 62.3 58.7 66.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 62,930 30,500 32,430 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,490 4,095 4,395 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 13,700 5,870 7,840 21.8 19.2 24.2 1,825 835 990 21.5 20.4 22.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 13,130 5,670 7,460 20.9 18.6 23.0 1,135 535 605 13.4 13.1 13.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 35,985 18,890 17,090 57.2 61.9 52.7 5,520 2,720 2,795 65.0 66.4 63.6
Commute to a different province or territory 110 70 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,655 5,005 4,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 65,135 35,055 30,080 88.9 91.2 86.3 8,215 4,335 3,885 85.1 86.6 83.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver 61,525 33,540 27,990 84.0 87.2 80.4 7,805 4,175 3,630 80.8 83.4 78.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 3,605 1,515 2,095 4.9 3.9 6.0 415 155 255 4.3 3.1 5.5
Public transit 4,395 1,640 2,755 6.0 4.3 7.9 760 300 460 7.9 6.0 9.9
Walked 2,135 880 1,255 2.9 2.3 3.6 395 215 180 4.1 4.3 3.9
Bicycle 610 415 195 0.8 1.1 0.6 140 100 35 1.5 2.0 0.8
Other method 1,000 455 555 1.4 1.2 1.6 145 60 85 1.5 1.2 1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,655 5,005 4,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 19,095 8,530 10,560 26.1 22.2 30.3 2,570 1,240 1,325 26.6 24.8 28.5
15 to 29 minutes 24,295 12,425 11,870 33.2 32.3 34.1 3,650 1,770 1,885 37.8 35.4 40.5
30 to 44 minutes 19,615 11,625 7,990 26.8 30.2 22.9 2,115 1,270 845 21.9 25.4 18.2
45 to 59 minutes 6,140 3,615 2,520 8.4 9.4 7.2 775 430 340 8.0 8.6 7.3
60 minutes and over 4,135 2,240 1,900 5.6 5.8 5.5 545 290 255 5.6 5.8 5.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,655 5,005 4,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 7,315 5,765 1,545 10.0 15.0 4.4 660 520 140 6.8 10.4 3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 14,135 8,550 5,585 19.3 22.2 16.0 1,640 1,055 585 17.0 21.1 12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 20,810 9,280 11,530 28.4 24.1 33.1 2,995 1,330 1,665 31.0 26.6 35.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 12,470 5,070 7,405 17.0 13.2 21.3 2,025 905 1,120 21.0 18.1 24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 7,110 3,015 4,095 9.7 7.8 11.8 1,155 475 675 12.0 9.5 14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 11,435 6,760 4,675 15.6 17.6 13.4 1,180 720 460 12.2 14.4 9.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 43,040 22,045 20,995 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,885 2,975 2,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,315 4,800 4,520 21.6 21.8 21.5 995 485 510 16.9 16.3 17.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 33,720 17,240 16,480 78.3 78.2 78.5 4,895 2,490 2,405 83.2 83.7 82.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 32,125 16,460 15,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,510 2,290 2,220 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,995 3,580 3,410 21.8 21.7 21.8 775 380 400 17.2 16.6 18.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 5,430 2,795 2,635 16.9 17.0 16.8 550 270 285 12.2 11.8 12.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,560 785 775 4.9 4.8 4.9 220 115 110 4.9 5.0 5.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 25,130 12,880 12,255 78.2 78.3 78.2 3,730 1,910 1,820 82.7 83.4 82.0

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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