Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Instruction in the minority official language
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Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
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Mobility and migration
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information:
Quebec
[Census division]
 Remove		 Saint-Constant, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 185,568 ... ... ... ... ... 29,954 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 171,443 ... ... ... ... ... 27,359 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.2 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 74,232 ... ... ... ... ... 11,502 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,313 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 441.4 ... ... 441.4 ... ... 524.9 ... ... 524.9 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 420.44 ... ... ... ... ... 57.06 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 185,565 91,280 94,290 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,955 14,850 15,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 35,280 18,060 17,220 19.0 19.8 18.3 6,000 3,075 2,925 20.0 20.7 19.4
0 to 4 years 10,115 5,185 4,935 5.5 5.7 5.2 1,810 935 875 6.0 6.3 5.8
5 to 9 years 12,145 6,190 5,955 6.5 6.8 6.3 2,110 1,085 1,025 7.0 7.3 6.8
10 to 14 years 13,015 6,680 6,335 7.0 7.3 6.7 2,080 1,050 1,025 6.9 7.1 6.8
15 to 64 years 118,940 58,950 59,990 64.1 64.6 63.6 19,820 9,750 10,065 66.2 65.7 66.6
15 to 19 years 11,315 5,860 5,460 6.1 6.4 5.8 1,860 950 915 6.2 6.4 6.1
20 to 24 years 9,125 4,765 4,360 4.9 5.2 4.6 1,455 745 715 4.9 5.0 4.7
25 to 29 years 9,095 4,595 4,500 4.9 5.0 4.8 1,545 785 765 5.2 5.3 5.1
30 to 34 years 10,590 5,010 5,575 5.7 5.5 5.9 1,905 895 1,010 6.4 6.0 6.7
35 to 39 years 12,505 5,980 6,520 6.7 6.6 6.9 2,185 1,040 1,145 7.3 7.0 7.6
40 to 44 years 14,270 6,900 7,370 7.7 7.6 7.8 2,435 1,185 1,245 8.1 8.0 8.2
45 to 49 years 13,360 6,670 6,695 7.2 7.3 7.1 2,190 1,090 1,105 7.3 7.3 7.3
50 to 54 years 12,675 6,305 6,365 6.8 6.9 6.8 2,015 1,010 1,005 6.7 6.8 6.7
55 to 59 years 13,520 6,735 6,785 7.3 7.4 7.2 2,255 1,115 1,145 7.5 7.5 7.6
60 to 64 years 12,500 6,135 6,365 6.7 6.7 6.8 1,970 950 1,020 6.6 6.4 6.8
65 years and over 31,345 14,270 17,075 16.9 15.6 18.1 4,135 2,020 2,115 13.8 13.6 14.0
65 to 69 years 9,795 4,660 5,135 5.3 5.1 5.4 1,565 780 790 5.2 5.3 5.2
70 to 74 years 8,195 3,825 4,375 4.4 4.2 4.6 1,150 570 580 3.8 3.8 3.8
75 to 79 years 6,135 2,840 3,295 3.3 3.1 3.5 815 395 420 2.7 2.7 2.8
80 to 84 years 3,920 1,650 2,275 2.1 1.8 2.4 350 170 180 1.2 1.1 1.2
85 years and over 3,305 1,300 2,000 1.8 1.4 2.1 250 105 145 0.8 0.7 1.0
85 to 89 years 2,230 945 1,290 1.2 1.0 1.4 175 80 100 0.6 0.5 0.7
90 to 94 years 915 325 590 0.5 0.4 0.6 60 20 35 0.2 0.1 0.2
95 to 99 years 140 35 110 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
100 years and over 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 19.0 19.8 18.3 19.0 19.8 18.3 20.0 20.7 19.4 20.0 20.7 19.4
15 to 64 years 64.1 64.6 63.6 64.1 64.6 63.6 66.2 65.7 66.6 66.2 65.7 66.6
65 years and over 16.9 15.6 18.1 16.9 15.6 18.1 13.8 13.6 14.0 13.8 13.6 14.0
85 years and over 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0
Average age of the population 40.7 39.9 41.5 40.7 39.9 41.5 39.0 38.6 39.4 39.0 38.6 39.4
Median age of the population 41.6 40.8 42.4 41.6 40.8 42.4 40.0 39.6 40.4 40.0 39.6 40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 43,825 ... ... 60.3 ... ... 7,000 ... ... 61.9 ... ...
Semi-detached house 4,520 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 875 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
Row house 2,355 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 330 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 2,100 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 230 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 18,420 ... ... 25.4 ... ... 2,835 ... ... 25.1 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 645 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 595 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 20 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,310 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 18,535 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 2,370 ... ... 21.0 ... ...
2 persons 24,375 ... ... 33.6 ... ... 3,815 ... ... 33.7 ... ...
3 persons 11,905 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 2,060 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
4 persons 11,920 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 2,130 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
5 or more persons 5,915 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 940 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,755 15,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 150,290 73,225 77,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,950 11,775 12,175 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 91,055 45,460 45,595 60.6 62.1 59.2 15,320 7,635 7,685 64.0 64.8 63.1
Married 55,895 27,930 27,970 37.2 38.1 36.3 8,995 4,495 4,500 37.6 38.2 37.0
Living common-law 35,155 17,535 17,625 23.4 23.9 22.9 6,325 3,140 3,180 26.4 26.7 26.1
Living common law - Never married 28,185 13,975 14,210 18.8 19.1 18.4 5,180 2,550 2,630 21.6 21.7 21.6
Living common law - Separated 405 215 185 0.3 0.3 0.2 70 40 30 0.3 0.3 0.2
Living common law - Divorced 5,950 3,055 2,900 4.0 4.2 3.8 960 505 460 4.0 4.3 3.8
Living common law - Widowed 615 280 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 110 50 65 0.5 0.4 0.5
Not married and not living common-law 59,235 27,760 31,470 39.4 37.9 40.8 8,635 4,140 4,495 36.1 35.2 36.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married 40,770 21,755 19,010 27.1 29.7 24.7 6,240 3,315 2,925 26.1 28.2 24.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated 2,025 865 1,155 1.3 1.2 1.5 290 110 185 1.2 0.9 1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 9,135 3,425 5,710 6.1 4.7 7.4 1,270 490 780 5.3 4.2 6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 7,315 1,715 5,600 4.9 2.3 7.3 835 230 605 3.5 2.0 5.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 53,335 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 8,860 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 25,110 ... ... 47.1 ... ... 3,985 ... ... 45.0 ... ...
3 persons 11,745 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 2,050 ... ... 23.1 ... ...
4 persons 11,730 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 2,080 ... ... 23.5 ... ...
5 or more persons 4,745 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 745 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 53,330 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 8,860 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 44,740 ... ... 83.9 ... ... 7,600 ... ... 85.8 ... ...
Married couples 27,165 ... ... 50.9 ... ... 4,435 ... ... 50.1 ... ...
With children6 14,560 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 2,460 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Without children 12,605 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 1,975 ... ... 22.3 ... ...
Common-law couples 17,570 ... ... 32.9 ... ... 3,160 ... ... 35.7 ... ...
With children6 9,960 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 1,835 ... ... 20.7 ... ...
Without children 7,615 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,330 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Total one-parent families 8,595 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 1,265 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 6,210 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 895 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 2,375 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 365 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,755 15,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 157,530 78,600 78,930 86.2 87.2 85.2 26,375 13,195 13,175 88.6 89.4 87.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 89,480 44,665 44,820 49.0 49.5 48.4 15,195 7,570 7,625 51.1 51.3 50.8
Parents in one-parent families 8,590 2,380 6,215 4.7 2.6 6.7 1,260 365 895 4.2 2.5 6.0
Children6 59,455 31,560 27,895 32.5 35.0 30.1 9,915 5,260 4,660 33.3 35.6 31.1
In a two-parent family 45,985 24,185 21,805 25.2 26.8 23.5 7,910 4,190 3,720 26.6 28.4 24.8
In a one-parent family 13,470 7,380 6,095 7.4 8.2 6.6 2,000 1,065 935 6.7 7.2 6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 25,260 11,575 13,680 13.8 12.8 14.8 3,385 1,565 1,820 11.4 10.6 12.1
Living alone 18,530 8,295 10,240 10.1 9.2 11.1 2,370 1,105 1,270 8.0 7.5 8.5
Living with other relatives7 3,395 1,400 2,000 1.9 1.6 2.2 540 205 340 1.8 1.4 2.3
Living with non-relatives only 3,330 1,885 1,445 1.8 2.1 1.6 475 260 215 1.6 1.8 1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,310 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 48,980 ... ... 67.4 ... ... 8,125 ... ... 71.8 ... ...
Couple-family households 41,670 ... ... 57.4 ... ... 7,055 ... ... 62.4 ... ...
With children6 22,870 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 4,010 ... ... 35.5 ... ...
Without children 18,800 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 3,040 ... ... 26.9 ... ...
One-parent-family households 7,310 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,505 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 245 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 260 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 55 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,695 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 280 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,680 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 245 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
One-person households 18,535 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 2,370 ... ... 21.0 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 147,535 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,765 11,690 12,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 143,030 69,995 73,035 96.9 97.0 96.9 23,025 11,355 11,670 96.9 97.1 96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,600 50,800 41,200 45,600 50,800 41,200 48,400 54,800 42,800 48,400 54,800 42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 143,080 70,025 73,055 97.0 97.1 96.9 23,035 11,355 11,675 96.9 97.1 96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 43,600 36,400 40,000 43,600 36,400 42,000 46,400 38,000 42,000 46,400 38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 131,560 65,650 65,915 89.2 91.0 87.4 21,450 10,790 10,655 90.3 92.3 88.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 46,000 32,000 38,800 46,000 32,000 42,000 50,400 34,400 42,000 50,400 34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 109,500 56,055 53,445 74.2 77.7 70.9 18,540 9,445 9,095 78.0 80.8 75.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 48,800 36,800 42,400 48,800 36,800 44,800 53,200 38,400 44,800 53,200 38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 113,630 51,140 62,490 77.0 70.9 82.9 17,905 8,035 9,870 75.3 68.7 81.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,500 9,100 11,500 10,500 9,100 11,500 9,500 8,200 10,500 9,500 8,200 10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 16,575 8,130 8,440 11.2 11.3 11.2 2,775 1,345 1,425 11.7 11.5 11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,560 5,480 5,880 5,560 5,480 5,880 5,680 5,280 6,120 5,680 5,280 6,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 40,165 20,670 19,500 27.2 28.7 25.9 6,355 3,235 3,120 26.7 27.7 25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,000 6,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 8,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 6,000 6,000 7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,780 11,665 12,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 143,030 70,085 72,945 96.9 97.2 96.7 23,070 11,340 11,725 97.0 97.2 96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 55,850 63,550 48,440 55,850 63,550 48,440 54,400 61,300 47,760 54,400 61,300 47,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 143,070 70,105 72,965 97.0 97.2 96.8 23,070 11,345 11,725 97.0 97.3 96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,000 49,600 40,560 45,000 49,600 40,560 44,640 49,040 40,360 44,640 49,040 40,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 131,700 65,735 65,965 89.3 91.1 87.5 21,455 10,795 10,660 90.2 92.5 88.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,280 59,250 41,320 50,280 59,250 41,320 48,760 56,400 41,040 48,760 56,400 41,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 109,500 56,130 53,365 74.2 77.8 70.8 18,550 9,405 9,145 78.0 80.6 75.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 51,850 59,100 44,200 51,850 59,100 44,200 49,880 56,500 43,080 49,880 56,500 43,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 113,615 51,170 62,440 77.0 70.9 82.8 18,025 8,025 10,000 75.8 68.8 82.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,050 10,950 12,940 12,050 10,950 12,940 11,570 10,720 12,260 11,570 10,720 12,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 16,835 8,325 8,515 11.4 11.5 11.3 2,995 1,490 1,510 12.6 12.8 12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,140 6,005 8,250 7,140 6,005 8,250 6,970 5,965 7,960 6,970 5,965 7,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 39,815 20,595 19,225 27.0 28.6 25.5 6,245 3,220 3,025 26.3 27.6 25.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,080 7,770 8,410 8,080 7,770 8,410 7,730 7,520 7,970 7,730 7,520 7,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 147,535 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,665 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 56,880 30,480 26,395 38.6 42.3 35.0 9,860 5,220 4,640 41.5 44.7 38.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 65,000 70,500 58,400 65,000 70,500 58,400 65,000 70,500 57,600 65,000 70,500 57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,600 82,000 66,000 74,600 82,000 66,000 70,400 77,500 62,450 70,400 77,500 62,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 41,695 19,900 21,795 28.3 27.6 28.9 7,030 3,340 3,685 29.6 28.6 30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,200 22,200 17,400 19,200 22,200 17,400 21,400 24,400 19,400 21,400 24,400 19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 30,720 36,760 25,220 30,720 36,760 25,220 29,760 34,440 25,500 29,760 34,440 25,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 82.8 87.4 77.2 82.8 87.4 77.2 83.4 87.6 78.2 83.4 87.6 78.2
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.4 66.8 71.0 74.4 66.8 73.8 76.4 70.4 73.8 76.4 70.4
Government transfers (%)20 17.1 12.6 22.9 17.1 12.6 22.9 16.6 12.4 21.9 16.6 12.4 21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.5 3.9 5.2 4.5 3.9 5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.0 3.6 4.6 4.0 3.6 4.6 3.9 3.5 4.3 3.9 3.5 4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,765 11,690 12,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 4,505 2,140 2,365 3.1 3.0 3.1 740 340 405 3.1 2.9 3.4
With total income 143,030 69,995 73,035 96.9 97.0 96.9 23,025 11,350 11,670 96.9 97.1 96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 9,775 4,315 5,460 6.8 6.2 7.5 1,475 610 860 6.4 5.4 7.4
$10,000 to $19,999 14,920 5,840 9,080 10.4 8.3 12.4 2,215 840 1,375 9.6 7.4 11.8
$20,000 to $29,999 20,260 8,530 11,730 14.2 12.2 16.1 2,855 1,195 1,660 12.4 10.5 14.2
$30,000 to $39,999 16,810 7,585 9,225 11.8 10.8 12.6 2,630 1,145 1,490 11.4 10.1 12.8
$40,000 to $49,999 17,155 8,010 9,140 12.0 11.4 12.5 2,810 1,265 1,540 12.2 11.1 13.2
$50,000 to $59,999 14,930 7,120 7,810 10.4 10.2 10.7 2,630 1,240 1,390 11.4 10.9 11.9
$60,000 to $69,999 12,145 6,435 5,705 8.5 9.2 7.8 2,175 1,185 995 9.4 10.4 8.5
$70,000 to $79,999 9,365 5,170 4,200 6.5 7.4 5.8 1,680 955 725 7.3 8.4 6.2
$80,000 to $89,999 7,460 4,145 3,320 5.2 5.9 4.5 1,340 785 555 5.8 6.9 4.8
$90,000 to $99,999 5,245 3,005 2,245 3.7 4.3 3.1 975 585 390 4.2 5.2 3.3
$100,000 and over 14,960 9,835 5,130 10.5 14.1 7.0 2,240 1,555 685 9.7 13.7 5.9
$100,000 to $149,999 10,710 6,820 3,890 7.5 9.7 5.3 1,795 1,205 590 7.8 10.6 5.1
$150,000 and over 4,245 3,010 1,235 3.0 4.3 1.7 445 350 95 1.9 3.1 0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,765 11,690 12,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 4,460 2,110 2,350 3.0 2.9 3.1 730 335 395 3.1 2.9 3.3
With after-tax income 143,080 70,025 73,060 97.0 97.1 96.9 23,035 11,355 11,680 96.9 97.1 96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 10,445 4,520 5,925 7.3 6.5 8.1 1,575 635 935 6.8 5.6 8.0
$10,000 to $19,999 15,885 6,305 9,580 11.1 9.0 13.1 2,345 905 1,445 10.2 8.0 12.4
$20,000 to $29,999 23,640 10,195 13,450 16.5 14.6 18.4 3,430 1,470 1,955 14.9 12.9 16.7
$30,000 to $39,999 21,790 10,260 11,530 15.2 14.7 15.8 3,465 1,550 1,915 15.0 13.7 16.4
$40,000 to $49,999 21,315 10,410 10,905 14.9 14.9 14.9 3,625 1,770 1,860 15.7 15.6 15.9
$50,000 to $59,999 16,700 8,815 7,885 11.7 12.6 10.8 3,060 1,645 1,420 13.3 14.5 12.2
$60,000 to $69,999 12,040 6,530 5,505 8.4 9.3 7.5 2,155 1,225 925 9.4 10.8 7.9
$70,000 to $79,999 7,815 4,355 3,460 5.5 6.2 4.7 1,420 840 575 6.2 7.4 4.9
$80,000 to $89,999 4,830 2,885 1,940 3.4 4.1 2.7 835 525 310 3.6 4.6 2.7
$90,000 to $99,999 2,870 1,820 1,055 2.0 2.6 1.4 470 305 170 2.0 2.7 1.5
$100,000 and over 5,750 3,925 1,825 4.0 5.6 2.5 655 490 165 2.8 4.3 1.4
$100,000 to $124,999 3,065 2,005 1,060 2.1 2.9 1.5 410 295 115 1.8 2.6 1.0
$125,000 and over 2,685 1,920 765 1.9 2.7 1.0 245 195 45 1.1 1.7 0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,765 11,690 12,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 38,040 16,080 21,960 25.8 22.3 29.1 5,225 2,240 2,980 22.0 19.2 24.7
With employment income 109,500 56,060 53,440 74.2 77.7 70.9 18,540 9,450 9,095 78.0 80.8 75.3
Under $5,000 (including loss) 13,080 6,610 6,475 11.9 11.8 12.1 1,930 945 985 10.4 10.0 10.8
$5,000 to $9,999 8,090 3,525 4,560 7.4 6.3 8.5 1,310 555 755 7.1 5.9 8.3
$10,000 to $19,999 11,915 5,080 6,835 10.9 9.1 12.8 1,910 760 1,145 10.3 8.0 12.6
$20,000 to $29,999 9,355 4,050 5,310 8.5 7.2 9.9 1,590 650 935 8.6 6.9 10.3
$30,000 to $39,999 9,510 4,345 5,165 8.7 7.8 9.7 1,605 700 905 8.7 7.4 10.0
$40,000 to $49,999 10,705 4,990 5,715 9.8 8.9 10.7 1,955 845 1,105 10.5 8.9 12.1
$50,000 to $59,999 9,605 4,895 4,710 8.8 8.7 8.8 1,735 905 830 9.4 9.6 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 8,350 4,655 3,690 7.6 8.3 6.9 1,575 875 700 8.5 9.3 7.7
$70,000 to $79,999 6,890 3,975 2,915 6.3 7.1 5.5 1,255 760 495 6.8 8.0 5.4
$80,000 to $89,999 5,920 3,270 2,650 5.4 5.8 5.0 1,100 650 450 5.9 6.9 4.9
$90,000 to $99,999 4,020 2,480 1,535 3.7 4.4 2.9 785 505 280 4.2 5.3 3.1
$100,000 and over 12,045 8,170 3,875 11.0 14.6 7.3 1,800 1,295 500 9.7 13.7 5.5
$100,000 to $124,999 6,095 3,980 2,120 5.6 7.1 4.0 1,060 735 330 5.7 7.8 3.6
$125,000 and over 5,955 4,190 1,760 5.4 7.5 3.3 740 565 175 4.0 6.0 1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 147,535 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,765 11,690 12,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 139,955 68,300 71,655 94.9 94.7 95.0 22,540 11,105 11,435 94.8 95.0 94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,000 50,400 38,800 44,000 50,400 38,800 46,800 54,000 40,400 46,800 54,000 40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 140,025 68,300 71,725 94.9 94.7 95.1 22,560 11,105 11,460 94.9 95.0 94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 42,800 34,400 38,400 42,800 34,400 40,400 45,600 36,000 40,400 45,600 36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 129,440 64,560 64,880 87.7 89.5 86.0 21,085 10,615 10,470 88.7 90.8 86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,000 47,600 33,200 40,000 47,600 33,200 42,400 51,600 35,200 42,400 51,600 35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 109,185 55,715 53,465 74.0 77.2 70.9 18,415 9,380 9,035 77.5 80.2 74.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,800 50,000 37,200 42,800 50,000 37,200 45,200 54,000 37,600 45,200 54,000 37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 101,700 44,265 57,435 68.9 61.4 76.2 15,910 6,890 9,015 66.9 58.9 74.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,300 4,720 8,700 7,300 4,720 8,700 6,700 4,440 8,100 6,700 4,440 8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 15,215 7,745 7,470 10.3 10.7 9.9 2,745 1,415 1,330 11.6 12.1 11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,760 4,200 5,640 4,760 4,200 5,640 4,720 3,960 6,280 4,720 3,960 6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,780 11,665 12,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 140,065 68,365 71,705 94.9 94.8 95.1 22,630 11,055 11,585 95.2 94.8 95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 53,200 61,200 45,600 53,200 61,200 45,600 52,000 59,400 44,920 52,000 59,400 44,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 140,110 68,365 71,745 95.0 94.8 95.1 22,640 11,055 11,590 95.2 94.8 95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,880 47,960 38,080 42,880 47,960 38,080 42,640 47,520 37,960 42,640 47,520 37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 129,590 64,585 65,000 87.8 89.5 86.2 21,040 10,565 10,480 88.5 90.6 86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 50,200 59,250 41,240 50,200 59,250 41,240 48,960 57,000 40,880 48,960 57,000 40,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 109,355 55,855 53,495 74.1 77.4 70.9 18,405 9,350 9,055 77.4 80.2 74.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,600 59,100 43,720 51,600 59,100 43,720 50,120 57,050 42,960 50,120 57,050 42,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 102,245 44,505 57,740 69.3 61.7 76.6 16,320 7,075 9,245 68.6 60.7 76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,270 8,050 10,220 9,270 8,050 10,220 8,990 7,760 9,930 8,990 7,760 9,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 15,565 8,035 7,530 10.5 11.1 10.0 2,920 1,525 1,395 12.3 13.1 11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,240 5,415 9,190 7,240 5,415 9,190 7,500 5,116 10,100 7,500 5,116 10,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 147,535 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,665 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 56,680 30,375 26,305 38.4 42.1 34.9 9,830 5,220 4,615 41.3 44.7 38.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 61,200 68,000 54,000 61,200 68,000 54,000 61,200 69,000 54,000 61,200 69,000 54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 70,000 77,800 61,050 70,000 77,800 61,050 66,600 74,200 58,050 66,600 74,200 58,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 39,200 18,715 20,490 26.6 25.9 27.2 6,630 3,190 3,440 27.9 27.3 28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 25,400 29,800 22,800 25,400 29,800 22,800 27,200 34,000 23,400 27,200 34,000 23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 36,240 43,280 29,840 36,240 43,280 29,840 35,080 40,560 30,040 35,080 40,560 30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 87.2 91.4 82.0 87.2 91.4 82.0 87.6 91.6 82.4 87.6 91.6 82.4
Employment income (%) 75.6 78.8 71.6 75.6 78.8 71.6 78.4 81.2 74.8 78.4 81.2 74.8
Government transfers (%) 12.7 8.6 18.0 12.7 8.6 18.0 12.5 8.4 17.6 12.5 8.4 17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.2 2.7 1.9 1.2 2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,310 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 18,535 ... ... ... ... ... 2,370 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 48,000 ... ... 48,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 38,400 ... ... 38,400 ... ... 40,800 ... ... 40,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 54,120 ... ... ... ... ... 8,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 72,650 ... ... ... ... ... 11,310 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 109,900 ... ... 109,900 ... ... 110,900 ... ... 110,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 88,600 ... ... 88,600 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 18,525 ... ... ... ... ... 2,375 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 53,100 ... ... 53,100 ... ... 56,050 ... ... 56,050 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 43,200 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 45,840 ... ... 45,840 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 54,125 ... ... ... ... ... 8,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 129,400 ... ... 129,400 ... ... 125,500 ... ... 125,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 104,100 ... ... 104,100 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,310 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 330 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 40 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 220 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 490 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 55 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 845 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 100 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,520 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 275 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,020 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 195 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,825 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 235 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,360 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 285 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 375 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,635 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 345 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,140 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 730 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,990 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 735 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 4,835 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 725 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,610 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 725 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,355 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 715 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 32,810 ... ... 45.2 ... ... 5,760 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 9,770 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 1,760 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 7,505 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 1,390 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 8,800 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 1,670 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
$200,000 and over 6,725 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 940 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,310 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 400 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 245 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 520 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 60 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 925 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 105 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,700 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 280 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,430 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 260 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,415 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 305 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,070 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 400 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,260 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 430 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,185 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 460 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 6,335 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 915 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 6,125 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 940 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,765 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 930 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 5,515 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 955 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 5,125 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 880 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
$100,000 and over 24,640 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 4,310 ... ... 38.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 10,215 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 1,890 ... ... 16.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 6,500 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 1,260 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
$150,000 and over 7,925 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 1,160 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 52,960 ... ... ... ... ... 8,780 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 18,945 ... ... ... ... ... 3,070 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 24,635 ... ... ... ... ... 4,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 117,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 8,180 ... ... ... ... ... 1,195 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 21,860 10,180 11,680 ... ... ... 2,845 1,360 1,485 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 42,800 47,200 39,200 42,800 47,200 39,200 46,400 51,600 42,000 46,400 51,600 42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,600 40,400 35,200 37,600 40,400 35,200 40,000 43,200 37,200 40,000 43,200 37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 52,965 ... ... ... ... ... 8,790 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 129,400 ... ... 129,400 ... ... 125,600 ... ... 125,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 104,100 ... ... 104,100 ... ... 103,100 ... ... 103,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 18,965 ... ... ... ... ... 3,065 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 103,500 ... ... 103,500 ... ... 102,100 ... ... 102,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 84,600 ... ... 84,600 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 24,685 ... ... ... ... ... 4,340 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 163,200 ... ... 163,200 ... ... 152,200 ... ... 152,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ... 123,700 ... ... 123,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 8,160 ... ... ... ... ... 1,180 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 88,200 ... ... 88,200 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,200 ... ... 74,200 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 21,865 10,195 11,665 ... ... ... 2,795 1,310 1,485 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 51,700 58,250 46,040 51,700 58,250 46,040 53,950 62,200 46,720 53,950 62,200 46,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 42,240 45,760 39,160 42,240 45,760 39,160 44,320 49,680 39,640 44,320 49,680 39,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,755 15,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 42,280 21,665 20,615 23.1 24.0 22.3 7,165 3,645 3,520 24.1 24.7 23.5
0 to 5 years 12,360 6,315 6,040 6.8 7.0 6.5 2,195 1,115 1,075 7.4 7.6 7.2
18 to 64 years 111,490 55,075 56,415 61.0 61.1 60.9 18,600 9,145 9,455 62.5 62.0 63.0
65 years and over 29,020 13,440 15,575 15.9 14.9 16.8 3,990 1,965 2,030 13.4 13.3 13.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 12,535 5,530 7,010 ... ... ... 1,455 625 825 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 2,580 1,395 1,185 ... ... ... 305 150 155 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 815 425 390 ... ... ... 105 50 50 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 5,975 2,760 3,215 ... ... ... 690 295 395 ... ... ...
65 years and over 3,980 1,370 2,610 ... ... ... 455 185 275 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 6.9 6.1 7.6 6.9 6.1 7.6 4.9 4.3 5.5 4.9 4.3 5.5
0 to 17 years (%) 6.1 6.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 5.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.4
0 to 5 years (%) 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.7 3.7 3.2 4.2 3.7 3.2 4.2
65 years and over (%) 13.7 10.2 16.7 13.7 10.2 16.7 11.5 9.4 13.6 11.5 9.4 13.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 182,785 90,180 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,760 15,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 42,280 21,660 20,620 23.1 24.0 22.3 7,165 3,650 3,515 24.1 24.7 23.4
0 to 5 years 12,360 6,320 6,040 6.8 7.0 6.5 2,190 1,115 1,075 7.4 7.6 7.2
18 to 64 years 111,485 55,075 56,415 61.0 61.1 60.9 18,600 9,150 9,450 62.5 62.0 63.0
65 years and over 29,015 13,440 15,575 15.9 14.9 16.8 3,995 1,960 2,030 13.4 13.3 13.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 4,980 2,375 2,605 ... ... ... 690 310 380 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 945 500 450 ... ... ... 125 60 60 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 275 140 140 ... ... ... 35 20 15 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 3,235 1,575 1,660 ... ... ... 430 195 230 ... ... ...
65 years and over 805 300 505 ... ... ... 140 55 85 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.5
0 to 17 years (%) 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8
0 to 5 years (%) 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4
18 to 64 years (%) 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4
65 years and over (%) 2.8 2.3 3.2 2.8 2.3 3.2 3.5 2.7 4.2 3.5 2.7 4.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,760 14,755 15,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 85,225 40,700 44,525 46.6 45.1 48.1 12,640 6,035 6,605 42.5 40.9 44.0
In bottom decile 10,375 4,635 5,740 5.7 5.1 6.2 1,205 525 675 4.0 3.6 4.5
In second decile 14,525 6,620 7,905 7.9 7.3 8.5 1,910 880 1,030 6.4 6.0 6.9
In third decile 17,555 8,390 9,160 9.6 9.3 9.9 2,615 1,220 1,390 8.8 8.3 9.3
In fourth decile 20,535 10,025 10,510 11.2 11.1 11.3 3,160 1,545 1,620 10.6 10.5 10.8
In fifth decile 22,235 11,025 11,210 12.2 12.2 12.1 3,755 1,865 1,890 12.6 12.6 12.6
In top half of the distribution 97,565 49,480 48,080 53.4 54.9 51.9 17,115 8,725 8,395 57.5 59.1 56.0
In sixth decile 22,005 11,035 10,970 12.0 12.2 11.8 3,980 2,000 1,980 13.4 13.6 13.2
In seventh decile 22,485 11,375 11,110 12.3 12.6 12.0 4,350 2,230 2,125 14.6 15.1 14.2
In eighth decile 21,010 10,640 10,365 11.5 11.8 11.2 3,900 1,975 1,925 13.1 13.4 12.8
In ninth decile 18,260 9,340 8,915 10.0 10.4 9.6 3,165 1,625 1,540 10.6 11.0 10.3
In top decile 13,805 7,085 6,725 7.6 7.9 7.3 1,720 895 825 5.8 6.1 5.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 182,785 ... ... 182,785 ... ... 29,755 ... ... 29,755 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.300 ... ... 0.300 ... ... 0.250 ... ... 0.250 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.407 ... ... 0.407 ... ... 0.342 ... ... 0.342 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.254 ... ... 0.254 ... ... 0.217 ... ... 0.217 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,855 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 9,935 5,080 4,855 5.4 5.6 5.2 655 340 315 2.2 2.3 2.1
French only 67,485 30,925 36,560 36.7 34.1 39.1 13,030 6,115 6,920 43.6 41.3 46.0
English and French 105,250 54,080 51,170 57.2 59.6 54.8 15,970 8,245 7,720 53.5 55.7 51.3
Neither English nor French 1,460 655 805 0.8 0.7 0.9 210 100 105 0.7 0.7 0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,855 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 28,375 14,270 14,110 15.4 15.7 15.1 2,595 1,335 1,260 8.7 9.0 8.4
French 144,860 71,010 73,850 78.7 78.3 79.1 25,485 12,550 12,935 85.4 84.8 85.9
English and French 9,500 4,845 4,660 5.2 5.3 5.0 1,580 815 760 5.3 5.5 5.0
Neither English nor French 1,390 615 770 0.8 0.7 0.8 200 95 95 0.7 0.6 0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,855 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 176,670 87,025 89,645 95.9 95.9 96.0 28,800 14,255 14,545 96.5 96.3 96.6
Official languages 152,135 74,865 77,270 82.6 82.5 82.7 24,930 12,335 12,595 83.5 83.3 83.7
English 20,740 10,365 10,370 11.3 11.4 11.1 1,700 885 820 5.7 6.0 5.4
French 131,390 64,500 66,900 71.4 71.1 71.6 23,230 11,455 11,775 77.8 77.4 78.2
Non-official languages 24,535 12,165 12,375 13.3 13.4 13.3 3,865 1,915 1,955 12.9 12.9 13.0
Indigenous languages39 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 24,510 12,155 12,355 13.3 13.4 13.2 3,870 1,915 1,955 13.0 12.9 13.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 3,385 1,780 1,605 1.8 2.0 1.7 550 290 260 1.8 2.0 1.7
Berber languages 610 335 275 0.3 0.4 0.3 110 65 45 0.4 0.4 0.3
Kabyle 570 315 260 0.3 0.3 0.3 105 65 45 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tamazight 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 2,710 1,415 1,300 1.5 1.6 1.4 435 225 210 1.5 1.5 1.4
Amharic 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 2,650 1,385 1,265 1.4 1.5 1.4 430 225 210 1.4 1.5 1.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 360 165 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 5 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 240 110 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 385 150 240 0.2 0.2 0.3 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0
Merina 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 240 85 160 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 660 330 325 0.4 0.4 0.3 80 35 45 0.3 0.2 0.3
Haitian Creole 385 195 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 20 20 0.2 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 195 105 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sango 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 15,340 7,620 7,720 8.3 8.4 8.3 2,805 1,380 1,430 9.4 9.3 9.5
Albanian 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 3,505 1,695 1,805 1.9 1.9 1.9 650 305 345 2.2 2.1 2.3
Baltic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,495 1,695 1,795 1.9 1.9 1.9 650 305 345 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 405 205 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 455 230 230 0.2 0.3 0.2 75 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 2,220 1,060 1,160 1.2 1.2 1.2 430 195 235 1.4 1.3 1.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 95 45 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 235 120 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 295 145 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 215 110 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
German 205 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 390 205 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.2
Indo-Iranian languages 1,590 810 785 0.9 0.9 0.8 205 95 105 0.7 0.6 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages 705 355 350 0.4 0.4 0.4 115 55 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 215 110 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Hindi 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 260 130 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 885 455 430 0.5 0.5 0.5 85 40 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 860 440 420 0.5 0.5 0.4 80 35 45 0.3 0.2 0.3
Dari 215 130 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iranian Persian 575 275 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 9,460 4,715 4,740 5.1 5.2 5.1 1,880 945 935 6.3 6.4 6.2
Catalan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 1,135 630 510 0.6 0.7 0.5 225 120 100 0.8 0.8 0.7
Portuguese 1,240 600 645 0.7 0.7 0.7 315 155 165 1.1 1.0 1.1
Romanian 1,985 980 1,005 1.1 1.1 1.1 430 220 210 1.4 1.5 1.4
Spanish 5,085 2,510 2,580 2.8 2.8 2.8 910 450 455 3.0 3.0 3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 195 90 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 885 440 445 0.5 0.5 0.5 130 70 65 0.4 0.5 0.4
Akan (Twi) 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0
Ga 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 105 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lingala 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 165 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 135 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 160 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,765 1,315 1,450 1.5 1.4 1.6 190 90 95 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 2,755 1,310 1,445 1.5 1.4 1.5 190 90 95 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,075 980 1,095 1.1 1.1 1.2 150 75 75 0.5 0.5 0.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 565 280 285 0.3 0.3 0.3 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Lao 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 210 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 95 45 45 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 95 45 45 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 7,455 3,710 3,745 4.0 4.1 4.0 1,060 550 510 3.6 3.7 3.4
English and French 3,985 2,010 1,975 2.2 2.2 2.1 525 270 255 1.8 1.8 1.7
English and non-official language(s) 810 400 410 0.4 0.4 0.4 95 50 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 1,860 900 960 1.0 1.0 1.0 325 170 160 1.1 1.1 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 615 315 305 0.3 0.3 0.3 90 45 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Multiple non-official languages 185 90 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,855 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 19,190 9,605 9,580 10.4 10.6 10.3 1,470 750 725 4.9 5.1 4.8
French 124,315 60,990 63,320 67.5 67.2 67.8 22,195 10,935 11,260 74.3 73.9 74.8
Non-official language 8,115 4,000 4,115 4.4 4.4 4.4 1,390 705 685 4.7 4.8 4.5
Indigenous39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 8,110 4,000 4,110 4.4 4.4 4.4 1,390 705 685 4.7 4.8 4.5
English and French 14,390 7,240 7,145 7.8 8.0 7.7 2,015 1,040 975 6.7 7.0 6.5
English and non-official language(s) 3,175 1,565 1,610 1.7 1.7 1.7 345 170 170 1.2 1.1 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 7,885 3,775 4,110 4.3 4.2 4.4 1,420 685 735 4.8 4.6 4.9
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,575 3,305 3,270 3.6 3.6 3.5 960 490 475 3.2 3.3 3.2
Multiple non-official languages 480 240 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 30 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,855 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 175,705 86,670 89,035 95.4 95.5 95.3 28,670 14,195 14,475 96.0 95.9 96.1
Official languages 160,925 79,345 81,575 87.4 87.4 87.3 26,225 12,970 13,255 87.8 87.6 88.0
English 25,060 12,530 12,535 13.6 13.8 13.4 2,210 1,115 1,095 7.4 7.5 7.3
French 135,860 66,820 69,040 73.8 73.6 73.9 24,015 11,855 12,160 80.4 80.1 80.8
Non-official languages 14,775 7,325 7,455 8.0 8.1 8.0 2,445 1,225 1,220 8.2 8.3 8.1
Indigenous languages39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 14,775 7,320 7,450 8.0 8.1 8.0 2,445 1,225 1,220 8.2 8.3 8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,480 735 745 0.8 0.8 0.8 265 140 120 0.9 0.9 0.8
Berber languages 215 115 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Kabyle 205 110 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,240 610 625 0.7 0.7 0.7 225 120 105 0.8 0.8 0.7
Amharic 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 1,210 600 610 0.7 0.7 0.7 225 120 105 0.8 0.8 0.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 170 85 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 165 90 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0
Merina 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 230 100 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 110 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 95 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 9,720 4,835 4,885 5.3 5.3 5.2 1,900 935 960 6.4 6.3 6.4
Albanian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 2,680 1,340 1,340 1.5 1.5 1.4 495 240 255 1.7 1.6 1.7
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,680 1,340 1,340 1.5 1.5 1.4 495 240 255 1.7 1.6 1.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 300 150 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Czech 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 190 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 1,960 970 995 1.1 1.1 1.1 365 170 195 1.2 1.1 1.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 10 0.0 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 155 85 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 35 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,150 580 575 0.6 0.6 0.6 165 85 80 0.6 0.6 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages 480 245 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 95 50 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 195 100 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 40 35 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 675 335 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 40 35 0.2 0.3 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 660 325 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 65 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 490 235 250 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,685 2,820 2,865 3.1 3.1 3.1 1,220 610 610 4.1 4.1 4.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 155 70 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
Portuguese 695 335 360 0.4 0.4 0.4 215 105 115 0.7 0.7 0.8
Romanian 1,380 695 690 0.7 0.8 0.7 310 155 155 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 3,445 1,715 1,730 1.9 1.9 1.9 655 325 330 2.2 2.2 2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 150 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 215 100 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0
Yoruba 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,325 1,145 1,175 1.3 1.3 1.3 140 70 70 0.5 0.5 0.5
Chinese languages 2,320 1,150 1,180 1.3 1.3 1.3 140 70 70 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hakka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,850 915 935 1.0 1.0 1.0 125 65 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 385 190 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 95 45 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 8,425 4,070 4,360 4.6 4.5 4.7 1,190 605 580 4.0 4.1 3.9
English and French 4,055 1,975 2,080 2.2 2.2 2.2 530 270 255 1.8 1.8 1.7
English and non-official language(s) 930 455 475 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 45 30 0.3 0.3 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 2,430 1,155 1,275 1.3 1.3 1.4 440 220 225 1.5 1.5 1.5
English, French and non-official language(s) 945 450 500 0.5 0.5 0.5 130 70 65 0.4 0.5 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 184,130 90,740 93,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,860 14,800 15,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 158,325 77,825 80,500 86.0 85.8 86.2 26,000 12,870 13,130 87.1 87.0 87.2
English 8,795 4,495 4,300 4.8 5.0 4.6 1,290 670 620 4.3 4.5 4.1
French 6,775 3,335 3,435 3.7 3.7 3.7 1,000 495 505 3.3 3.3 3.4
Non-official language 5,235 2,555 2,685 2.8 2.8 2.9 785 375 405 2.6 2.5 2.7
Indigenous39 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 5,220 2,550 2,675 2.8 2.8 2.9 785 375 405 2.6 2.5 2.7
English and French 1,790 925 865 1.0 1.0 0.9 250 120 135 0.8 0.8 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 1,550 795 755 0.8 0.9 0.8 250 125 125 0.8 0.8 0.8
French and non-official language(s) 1,115 550 565 0.6 0.6 0.6 165 85 85 0.6 0.6 0.6
English, French and non-official language(s) 200 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 335 160 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 35 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 181,335 89,465 91,875 99.2 99.2 99.2 29,555 14,645 14,920 99.3 99.4 99.3
English 114,840 59,140 55,695 62.8 65.6 60.1 16,525 8,485 8,040 55.5 57.6 53.5
French 171,395 84,305 87,090 93.8 93.5 94.0 28,955 14,320 14,635 97.3 97.2 97.4
Non-official languages 37,380 18,275 19,100 20.5 20.3 20.6 5,685 2,875 2,810 19.1 19.5 18.7
Indigenous languages39 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 37,305 18,245 19,060 20.4 20.2 20.6 5,680 2,875 2,810 19.1 19.5 18.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 5,715 2,855 2,860 3.1 3.2 3.1 875 450 430 2.9 3.1 2.9
Berber languages 905 440 460 0.5 0.5 0.5 125 70 60 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kabyle 850 415 435 0.5 0.5 0.5 115 60 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Tamazight 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 55 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hausa 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 5,160 2,580 2,580 2.8 2.9 2.8 800 410 390 2.7 2.8 2.6
Amharic 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 4,860 2,460 2,405 2.7 2.7 2.6 780 395 380 2.6 2.7 2.5
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 265 125 140 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 495 260 230 0.3 0.3 0.2 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 225 130 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 275 140 135 0.2 0.2 0.1 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 700 325 380 0.4 0.4 0.4 65 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 170 100 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Merina 135 80 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 445 190 255 0.2 0.2 0.3 20 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 1,585 785 800 0.9 0.9 0.9 180 90 85 0.6 0.6 0.6
Haitian Creole 960 440 515 0.5 0.5 0.6 110 65 50 0.4 0.4 0.3
Jamaican English Creole 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 390 215 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 30 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sango 70 50 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 140 60 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 23,660 11,500 12,160 12.9 12.8 13.1 3,955 1,965 1,985 13.3 13.3 13.2
Albanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 4,590 2,185 2,405 2.5 2.4 2.6 735 335 400 2.5 2.3 2.7
Baltic languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 4,585 2,185 2,400 2.5 2.4 2.6 735 335 400 2.5 2.3 2.7
Belarusian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 455 250 205 0.2 0.3 0.2 50 20 30 0.2 0.1 0.2
Czech 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 510 220 290 0.3 0.2 0.3 80 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 3,400 1,615 1,785 1.9 1.8 1.9 595 270 325 2.0 1.8 2.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 170 95 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 85 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 555 280 280 0.3 0.3 0.3 75 30 45 0.3 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 905 420 490 0.5 0.5 0.5 90 40 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 760 365 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 80 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 750 355 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 80 40 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 130 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Afrikaans 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 95 40 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 40 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 625 265 355 0.3 0.3 0.4 105 40 65 0.4 0.3 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 2,345 1,195 1,150 1.3 1.3 1.2 260 125 140 0.9 0.8 0.9
Indo-Aryan languages 1,110 590 525 0.6 0.7 0.6 190 85 100 0.6 0.6 0.7
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 320 175 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Hindi 375 185 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 400 215 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 60 65 0.4 0.4 0.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 260 145 115 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,260 625 635 0.7 0.7 0.7 75 35 35 0.3 0.2 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 1,225 600 625 0.7 0.7 0.7 75 35 35 0.3 0.2 0.2
Dari 315 170 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 815 405 410 0.4 0.4 0.4 60 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 115 35 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 16,535 8,020 8,515 9.0 8.9 9.2 2,995 1,530 1,465 10.1 10.4 9.8
Catalan 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,550 1,420 1,130 1.4 1.6 1.2 440 240 195 1.5 1.6 1.3
Portuguese 1,900 960 935 1.0 1.1 1.0 470 260 210 1.6 1.8 1.4
Romanian 2,725 1,320 1,405 1.5 1.5 1.5 535 295 235 1.8 2.0 1.6
Spanish 10,385 4,900 5,490 5.7 5.4 5.9 1,740 840 895 5.8 5.7 6.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korean 210 105 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 2,005 980 1,025 1.1 1.1 1.1 375 210 165 1.3 1.4 1.1
Akan (Twi) 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 120 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Edo 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 110 45 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lingala 245 125 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 260 105 150 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 195 95 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 370 190 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 125 70 50 0.4 0.5 0.3
Yoruba 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 520 270 250 0.3 0.3 0.3 120 80 50 0.4 0.5 0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
American Sign Language 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 85 50 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,410 1,660 1,745 1.9 1.8 1.9 225 125 105 0.8 0.8 0.7
Chinese languages 3,405 1,660 1,745 1.9 1.8 1.9 225 120 105 0.8 0.8 0.7
Hakka 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,770 1,350 1,420 1.5 1.5 1.5 200 115 85 0.7 0.8 0.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 875 390 485 0.5 0.4 0.5 30 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 305 160 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 55 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 190 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 150 85 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.2
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 145 75 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 3,435 1,605 1,830 1.9 1.8 2.0 370 190 180 1.2 1.3 1.2
Single Indigenous responses46 3,210 1,500 1,710 1.8 1.7 1.8 355 175 175 1.2 1.2 1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,125 980 1,140 1.2 1.1 1.2 195 90 105 0.7 0.6 0.7
Métis 1,040 500 540 0.6 0.6 0.6 145 80 65 0.5 0.5 0.4
Inuk (Inuit) 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Non-Indigenous identity 179,350 88,575 90,780 98.1 98.2 98.0 29,390 14,545 14,840 98.8 98.7 98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,175 590 585 0.6 0.7 0.6 65 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 181,610 89,580 92,025 99.4 99.3 99.4 29,690 14,695 14,990 99.8 99.7 99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 54,705 ... ... 75.3 ... ... 8,740 ... ... 77.2 ... ...
Renter 17,945 ... ... 24.7 ... ... 2,575 ... ... 22.8 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 10,075 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 1,485 ... ... 13.1 ... ...
Not condominium 62,575 ... ... 86.1 ... ... 9,830 ... ... 86.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 195 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
1 bedroom 6,275 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 690 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
2 bedrooms 18,890 ... ... 26.0 ... ... 2,815 ... ... 24.9 ... ...
3 bedrooms 26,600 ... ... 36.6 ... ... 4,380 ... ... 38.7 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 20,685 ... ... 28.5 ... ... 3,420 ... ... 30.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 18,290 ... ... 25.2 ... ... 2,440 ... ... 21.6 ... ...
5 rooms 10,420 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,750 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 9,050 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 1,420 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
7 rooms 10,415 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,830 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
8 or more rooms 24,465 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 3,875 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.5 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 72,175 ... ... 99.3 ... ... 11,260 ... ... 99.5 ... ...
More than one person per room 475 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 71,000 ... ... 97.7 ... ... 11,095 ... ... 98.1 ... ...
Not suitable 1,645 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 215 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 7,870 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 605 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
1961 to 1980 19,190 ... ... 26.4 ... ... 2,215 ... ... 19.6 ... ...
1981 to 1990 11,860 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 2,905 ... ... 25.7 ... ...
1991 to 2000 10,325 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 1,685 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
2001 to 2005 5,340 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 825 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
2006 to 2010 5,925 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 495 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
2011 to 2015 5,180 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,220 ... ... 10.8 ... ...
2016 to 202157 6,965 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 1,365 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 69,150 ... ... 95.2 ... ... 10,870 ... ... 96.1 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,500 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 440 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 34,620 ... ... 47.7 ... ... 4,820 ... ... 42.6 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 36,145 ... ... 49.8 ... ... 6,195 ... ... 54.8 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,880 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 295 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 900 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 135 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
25 to 34 years 8,320 ... ... 11.5 ... ... 1,465 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 14,490 ... ... 19.9 ... ... 2,485 ... ... 22.0 ... ...
45 to 54 years 15,235 ... ... 21.0 ... ... 2,405 ... ... 21.3 ... ...
55 to 64 years 15,400 ... ... 21.2 ... ... 2,395 ... ... 21.2 ... ...
65 to 74 years 10,810 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 1,640 ... ... 14.5 ... ...
75 to 84 years 5,785 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 640 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
85 years and over 1,710 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 140 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 72,450 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,290 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 61,915 ... ... 85.5 ... ... 10,050 ... ... 89.0 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 10,535 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 1,245 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 9,810 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,190 ... ... 10.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 72,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 14,835 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 1,830 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 9,815 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,185 ... ... 10.5 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,405 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 195 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 2,775 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 375 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 120 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 600 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 125 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 57,815 ... ... 79.6 ... ... 9,485 ... ... 83.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 71,725 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 11,240 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 3,455 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 395 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Not in core need 68,265 ... ... 95.2 ... ... 10,845 ... ... 96.5 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 54,620 ... ... ... ... ... 8,730 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 70.3 ... ... 70.3 ... ... 75.3 ... ... 75.3 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 9.6 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ... 1,420 ... ... 1,420 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,366 ... ... 1,366 ... ... 1,376 ... ... 1,376 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 424,800 ... ... 424,800 ... ... 408,800 ... ... 408,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 17,940 ... ... ... ... ... 2,570 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.2 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 29.7 ... ... 29.7 ... ... 23.4 ... ... 23.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.2 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 930 ... ... 930 ... ... 1,000 ... ... 1,000 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,030 ... ... 1,030 ... ... 1,024 ... ... 1,024 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,730 15,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 2,380 1,075 1,300 1.3 1.2 1.4 315 170 150 1.1 1.2 1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 2,340 1,055 1,290 1.3 1.2 1.4 310 155 150 1.0 1.1 1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 1,955 870 1,080 1.1 1.0 1.2 240 130 105 0.8 0.9 0.7
Métis single ancestry 360 175 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit single ancestry 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,515 2,120 2,400 2.5 2.4 2.6 735 325 410 2.5 2.2 2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 4,505 2,120 2,390 2.5 2.4 2.6 730 325 400 2.5 2.2 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 4,105 1,945 2,160 2.2 2.2 2.3 665 290 370 2.2 2.0 2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 370 155 215 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 175,895 86,980 88,910 96.2 96.5 96.0 28,705 14,240 14,465 96.5 96.7 96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,760 14,730 15,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 175,465 86,640 88,830 96.0 96.1 95.9 28,640 14,195 14,445 96.2 96.4 96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18 40,900 20,925 19,975 22.4 23.2 21.6 6,915 3,555 3,360 23.2 24.1 22.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 134,565 65,715 68,850 73.6 72.9 74.3 21,725 10,640 11,085 73.0 72.2 73.8
Not Canadian citizens78 7,325 3,540 3,780 4.0 3.9 4.1 1,115 540 570 3.7 3.7 3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 182,785 90,175 92,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,760 14,730 15,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 153,275 75,585 77,685 83.9 83.8 83.9 25,340 12,515 12,820 85.1 85.0 85.3
Immigrants81 28,050 13,830 14,225 15.3 15.3 15.4 4,150 2,090 2,055 13.9 14.2 13.7
Before 1980 3,230 1,720 1,515 1.8 1.9 1.6 330 175 160 1.1 1.2 1.1
1980 to 1990 2,270 1,155 1,110 1.2 1.3 1.2 255 150 105 0.9 1.0 0.7
1991 to 2000 3,970 1,915 2,050 2.2 2.1 2.2 515 235 275 1.7 1.6 1.8
2001 to 2010 9,370 4,600 4,775 5.1 5.1 5.2 1,450 720 735 4.9 4.9 4.9
2011 to 202182 9,215 4,435 4,775 5.0 4.9 5.2 1,595 820 775 5.4 5.6 5.2
2011 to 2015 5,520 2,690 2,830 3.0 3.0 3.1 1,020 550 470 3.4 3.7 3.1
2016 to 2021 3,690 1,750 1,945 2.0 1.9 2.1 570 270 310 1.9 1.8 2.1
Non-permanent residents83 1,460 765 695 0.8 0.8 0.8 265 125 145 0.9 0.8 1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 28,055 13,825 14,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,150 2,095 2,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 2,845 1,485 1,355 10.1 10.7 9.5 505 270 235 12.2 12.9 11.4
5 to 14 years 4,815 2,530 2,290 17.2 18.3 16.1 705 395 310 17.0 18.9 15.1
15 to 24 years 4,085 1,695 2,390 14.6 12.3 16.8 500 220 285 12.0 10.5 13.9
25 to 44 years 14,785 7,385 7,400 52.7 53.4 52.0 2,290 1,145 1,140 55.2 54.7 55.5
45 years and over 1,530 740 790 5.5 5.4 5.6 155 70 85 3.7 3.3 4.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 28,055 13,825 14,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,150 2,095 2,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 6,730 3,135 3,590 24.0 22.7 25.2 1,065 500 570 25.7 23.9 27.7
Brazil 565 250 320 2.0 1.8 2.2 180 80 95 4.3 3.8 4.6
Colombia 895 425 475 3.2 3.1 3.3 175 80 100 4.2 3.8 4.9
El Salvador 340 155 180 1.2 1.1 1.3 70 30 35 1.7 1.4 1.7
Guyana 120 70 55 0.4 0.5 0.4 25 20 10 0.6 1.0 0.5
Haiti 765 330 440 2.7 2.4 3.1 75 30 45 1.8 1.4 2.2
Jamaica 315 155 160 1.1 1.1 1.1 30 25 10 0.7 1.2 0.5
Mexico 420 220 200 1.5 1.6 1.4 45 20 25 1.1 1.0 1.2
Peru 510 240 270 1.8 1.7 1.9 105 50 60 2.5 2.4 2.9
Trinidad and Tobago 195 65 130 0.7 0.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 460 205 250 1.6 1.5 1.8 40 20 25 1.0 1.0 1.2
Other places of birth in Americas 2,145 1,030 1,110 7.6 7.5 7.8 320 160 165 7.7 7.6 8.0
Europe 7,925 4,005 3,920 28.2 29.0 27.6 1,300 645 655 31.3 30.8 31.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 55 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatia 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 1,370 730 640 4.9 5.3 4.5 205 85 120 4.9 4.1 5.8
Germany 220 110 110 0.8 0.8 0.8 30 0 25 0.7 0.0 1.2
Greece 130 65 65 0.5 0.5 0.5 20 0 10 0.5 0.0 0.5
Hungary 60 45 20 0.2 0.3 0.1 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Italy 595 365 230 2.1 2.6 1.6 125 75 50 3.0 3.6 2.4
Netherlands 60 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 305 115 190 1.1 0.8 1.3 50 25 20 1.2 1.2 1.0
Portugal 390 225 170 1.4 1.6 1.2 90 60 30 2.2 2.9 1.5
Romania 1,185 545 645 4.2 3.9 4.5 175 95 80 4.2 4.5 3.9
Russian Federation 565 255 305 2.0 1.8 2.1 100 45 55 2.4 2.1 2.7
Serbia86 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 565 280 290 2.0 2.0 2.0 65 35 30 1.6 1.7 1.5
United Kingdom87 215 115 100 0.8 0.8 0.7 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5
Other places of birth in Europe 2,180 1,090 1,085 7.8 7.9 7.6 400 195 200 9.6 9.3 9.7
Africa 7,630 3,880 3,750 27.2 28.1 26.4 1,215 660 555 29.3 31.5 27.0
Algeria 1,340 675 665 4.8 4.9 4.7 220 120 105 5.3 5.7 5.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 355 170 180 1.3 1.2 1.3 50 25 20 1.2 1.2 1.0
Egypt 535 275 255 1.9 2.0 1.8 20 0 15 0.5 0.0 0.7
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 35 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 1,405 695 705 5.0 5.0 5.0 245 120 130 5.9 5.7 6.3
Nigeria 220 120 100 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 3,730 1,930 1,800 13.3 14.0 12.7 670 390 285 16.1 18.6 13.9
Asia 5,740 2,785 2,960 20.5 20.1 20.8 570 295 270 13.7 14.1 13.1
Afghanistan 195 100 90 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 665 340 325 2.4 2.5 2.3 40 20 20 1.0 1.0 1.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 320 170 155 1.1 1.2 1.1 50 25 25 1.2 1.2 1.2
Syria89 105 65 45 0.4 0.5 0.3 25 15 10 0.6 0.7 0.5
Turkey 70 45 30 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 1,780 830 950 6.3 6.0 6.7 115 65 50 2.8 3.1 2.4
Hong Kong91 165 80 85 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 145 85 65 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwan 55 20 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 410 145 270 1.5 1.0 1.9 35 20 20 0.8 1.0 1.0
Viet Nam 210 110 100 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 145 75 75 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 370 205 170 1.3 1.5 1.2 100 40 55 2.4 1.9 2.7
Pakistan 135 75 55 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Other places of birth in Asia 930 450 485 3.3 3.3 3.4 160 95 70 3.9 4.5 3.4
Oceania and other places of birth93 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,695 1,745 1,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 575 265 305 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 570 280 285 15.4 16.0 14.7 75 40 35 13.0 15.1 11.5
Brazil 90 35 50 2.4 2.0 2.6 10 0 0 1.7 0.0 0.0
Colombia 100 60 45 2.7 3.4 2.3 30 10 15 5.2 3.8 4.9
Haiti 40 15 25 1.1 0.9 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 20 20 0 0.5 1.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 20 10 10 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 85 45 35 2.3 2.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 70 30 35 1.9 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 150 70 80 4.1 4.0 4.1 35 15 15 6.1 5.7 4.9
Europe 665 320 345 18.0 18.3 17.7 90 35 55 15.7 13.2 18.0
France 140 75 65 3.8 4.3 3.3 15 10 10 2.6 3.8 3.3
Germany 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 95 45 45 2.6 2.6 2.3 25 15 10 4.3 5.7 3.3
Ukraine 95 45 50 2.6 2.6 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Europe 315 140 180 8.5 8.0 9.3 35 10 30 6.1 3.8 9.8
Africa 1,260 585 675 34.1 33.5 34.7 215 105 115 37.4 39.6 37.7
Algeria 195 75 115 5.3 4.3 5.9 45 15 25 7.8 5.7 8.2
Burundi 80 30 50 2.2 1.7 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 210 100 110 5.7 5.7 5.7 15 15 0 2.6 5.7 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 90 60 30 2.4 3.4 1.5 10 0 10 1.7 0.0 3.3
Côte d'Ivoire 95 30 60 2.6 1.7 3.1 35 15 15 6.1 5.7 4.9
Egypt 85 45 40 2.3 2.6 2.1 10 0 10 1.7 0.0 3.3
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 140 55 85 3.8 3.2 4.4 40 20 20 7.0 7.5 6.6
Nigeria 25 15 15 0.7 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 35 15 15 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 280 145 130 7.6 8.3 6.7 65 35 25 11.3 13.2 8.2
Asia 1,195 560 635 32.3 32.1 32.6 185 85 95 32.2 32.1 31.1
Afghanistan 15 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 570 265 305 15.4 15.2 15.7 30 20 15 5.2 7.5 4.9
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 100 45 60 2.7 2.6 3.1 30 10 25 5.2 3.8 8.2
Iran88 90 50 45 2.4 2.9 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 25 0 15 0.7 0.0 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 55 35 20 1.5 2.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 60 25 35 1.6 1.4 1.8 35 15 25 6.1 5.7 8.2
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 20 10 10 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 40 15 25 1.1 0.9 1.3 15 0 0 2.6 0.0 0.0
Saudi Arabia 55 20 35 1.5 1.1 1.8 25 10 15 4.3 3.8 4.9
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 45 25 20 1.2 1.4 1.0 15 10 10 2.6 3.8 3.3
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 75 40 40 2.0 2.3 2.1 20 10 0 3.5 3.8 0.0
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 30,540 15,060 15,480 16.7 16.7 16.7 4,535 2,285 2,250 15.2 15.5 15.0
Second generation101 22,345 11,515 10,830 12.2 12.8 11.7 3,325 1,805 1,525 11.2 12.2 10.2
Third generation or more102 129,905 63,600 66,300 71.1 70.5 71.6 21,900 10,655 11,250 73.6 72.3 74.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 24,820 12,110 12,710 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,820 1,925 1,895 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 15,505 8,025 7,475 62.5 66.3 58.8 2,605 1,435 1,170 68.2 74.5 61.7
Principal applicants105 6,740 4,000 2,745 27.2 33.0 21.6 1,110 705 405 29.1 36.6 21.4
Secondary applicants106 8,755 4,030 4,730 35.3 33.3 37.2 1,490 730 765 39.0 37.9 40.4
Immigrants sponsored by family107 5,505 2,190 3,315 22.2 18.1 26.1 675 240 435 17.7 12.5 23.0
Refugees108 3,445 1,715 1,725 13.9 14.2 13.6 445 220 225 11.6 11.4 11.9
Other immigrants109 370 180 190 1.5 1.5 1.5 85 25 65 2.2 1.3 3.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 24,820 12,110 12,710 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,820 1,925 1,895 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 2,445 1,225 1,220 9.9 10.1 9.6 305 145 160 8.0 7.5 8.4
Work permits only before admission112 1,660 825 840 6.7 6.8 6.6 160 85 75 4.2 4.4 4.0
Study permits only before admission113 585 315 270 2.4 2.6 2.1 75 45 30 2.0 2.3 1.6
Work and study permits before admission114 925 505 425 3.7 4.2 3.3 125 80 50 3.3 4.2 2.6
Other permits before admission115 130 45 80 0.5 0.4 0.6 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5
No pre-admission experience116 19,070 9,200 9,875 76.8 76.0 77.7 3,135 1,565 1,565 82.1 81.3 82.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 182,785 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 29,945 15,015 14,930 16.4 16.7 16.1 4,135 2,180 1,945 13.9 14.8 12.9
South Asian 1,775 950 825 1.0 1.1 0.9 325 150 170 1.1 1.0 1.1
Chinese 3,745 1,810 1,940 2.0 2.0 2.1 255 130 120 0.9 0.9 0.8
Black 10,680 5,260 5,420 5.8 5.8 5.9 1,460 795 665 4.9 5.4 4.4
Filipino 670 290 380 0.4 0.3 0.4 50 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Arab 4,245 2,210 2,030 2.3 2.5 2.2 725 390 340 2.4 2.6 2.3
Latin American 4,940 2,550 2,395 2.7 2.8 2.6 985 520 470 3.3 3.5 3.1
Southeast Asian 935 445 490 0.5 0.5 0.5 80 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.3
West Asian 1,255 670 585 0.7 0.7 0.6 85 50 35 0.3 0.3 0.2
Korean 265 140 130 0.1 0.2 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Japanese 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 340 170 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple visible minorities 1,005 485 515 0.5 0.5 0.6 130 70 60 0.4 0.5 0.4
Not a visible minority120 152,840 75,160 77,680 83.6 83.3 83.9 25,625 12,555 13,075 86.1 85.2 87.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 182,785 90,175 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 53,165 25,665 27,505 29.1 28.5 29.7 9,530 4,570 4,960 32.0 31.0 33.0
English 5,780 2,910 2,865 3.2 3.2 3.1 630 310 325 2.1 2.1 2.2
Irish 12,560 6,125 6,435 6.9 6.8 6.9 1,630 765 865 5.5 5.2 5.8
Scottish 6,360 3,160 3,195 3.5 3.5 3.4 640 310 330 2.2 2.1 2.2
French, n.o.s.122 39,840 19,980 19,860 21.8 22.2 21.4 6,245 3,085 3,165 21.0 20.9 21.1
German 3,030 1,545 1,480 1.7 1.7 1.6 440 200 240 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese 3,855 1,885 1,965 2.1 2.1 2.1 280 130 150 0.9 0.9 1.0
Italian 8,210 4,295 3,905 4.5 4.8 4.2 1,490 750 745 5.0 5.1 5.0
Indian (India) 1,195 600 590 0.7 0.7 0.6 225 120 115 0.8 0.8 0.8
Ukrainian 1,920 840 1,080 1.1 0.9 1.2 280 140 140 0.9 1.0 0.9
Dutch 515 235 280 0.3 0.3 0.3 80 55 30 0.3 0.4 0.2
Polish 1,545 795 755 0.8 0.9 0.8 220 110 105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Québécois 19,550 9,695 9,855 10.7 10.8 10.6 3,480 1,650 1,830 11.7 11.2 12.2
British Isles, n.o.s.123 1,115 515 600 0.6 0.6 0.6 125 65 65 0.4 0.4 0.4
Filipino 735 330 405 0.4 0.4 0.4 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
French Canadian 11,460 5,580 5,880 6.3 6.2 6.3 1,920 975 945 6.5 6.6 6.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 2,810 1,460 1,350 1.5 1.6 1.5 510 275 235 1.7 1.9 1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 2,855 1,370 1,490 1.6 1.5 1.6 480 235 240 1.6 1.6 1.6
Métis 770 355 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 130 65 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
European, n.o.s.126 1,805 895 910 1.0 1.0 1.0 255 145 115 0.9 1.0 0.8
Russian 1,650 775 880 0.9 0.9 1.0 290 145 155 1.0 1.0 1.0
Norwegian 160 85 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 350 160 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 1,835 980 860 1.0 1.1 0.9 355 200 155 1.2 1.4 1.0
American 1,115 455 660 0.6 0.5 0.7 140 35 105 0.5 0.2 0.7
Spanish 2,160 1,050 1,110 1.2 1.2 1.2 335 170 160 1.1 1.2 1.1
Swedish 175 100 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 435 240 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 60 20 35 0.2 0.1 0.2
Acadian 2,390 1,100 1,295 1.3 1.2 1.4 410 170 240 1.4 1.2 1.6
Pakistani 300 180 120 0.2 0.2 0.1 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
African, n.o.s.127 1,800 920 875 1.0 1.0 0.9 220 115 100 0.7 0.8 0.7
Jewish 500 255 245 0.3 0.3 0.3 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.2
Punjabi 210 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.3
Vietnamese 525 270 255 0.3 0.3 0.3 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arab, n.o.s.128 1,875 920 955 1.0 1.0 1.0 405 210 195 1.4 1.4 1.3
Greek 1,160 505 645 0.6 0.6 0.7 140 50 90 0.5 0.3 0.6
Jamaican 815 395 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 330 150 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s.130 100 40 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 265 140 135 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 2,205 1,095 1,115 1.2 1.2 1.2 375 210 165 1.3 1.4 1.1
Lebanese 770 425 340 0.4 0.5 0.4 75 45 30 0.3 0.3 0.2
Iranian 760 385 375 0.4 0.4 0.4 60 35 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Christian, n.i.e.131 1,600 800 800 0.9 0.9 0.9 220 125 100 0.7 0.8 0.7
Danish 135 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 670 320 350 0.4 0.4 0.4 100 50 50 0.3 0.3 0.3
Sikh 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 215 105 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Belgian 1,160 545 610 0.6 0.6 0.7 240 85 160 0.8 0.6 1.1
Haitian 1,905 905 1,000 1.0 1.0 1.1 225 110 110 0.8 0.7 0.7
Hindu 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexican 895 485 410 0.5 0.5 0.4 80 30 55 0.3 0.2 0.4
Mennonite 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 425 205 220 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 10 30 0.2 0.1 0.2
Finnish 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lankan 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 95 55 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 165 70 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 345 180 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 200 115 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Muslim 300 140 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egyptian 795 430 360 0.4 0.5 0.4 70 50 25 0.2 0.3 0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 935 470 465 0.5 0.5 0.5 125 65 60 0.4 0.4 0.4
Tamil 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombian 1,065 545 515 0.6 0.6 0.6 205 100 100 0.7 0.7 0.7
Moroccan 1,460 710 755 0.8 0.8 0.8 245 110 130 0.8 0.7 0.9
Czech 145 60 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syrian 285 175 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 250 150 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 55 35 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Afghan 320 185 135 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 570 270 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 35 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Konger 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 160 90 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Persian 235 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 290 135 155 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 235 100 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladeshi 235 125 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algerian 1,030 525 500 0.6 0.6 0.5 160 75 85 0.5 0.5 0.6
Brazilian 770 380 385 0.4 0.4 0.4 270 125 140 0.9 0.8 0.9
Nigerian 240 120 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 290 160 130 0.2 0.2 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Slovak 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 205 125 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 110 35 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 585 320 255 0.3 0.4 0.3 95 50 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
African Caribbean 275 110 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 345 185 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 430 150 285 0.2 0.2 0.3 45 10 40 0.2 0.1 0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.143 165 85 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 195 65 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.2
South African 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australian 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palestinian 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 460 225 230 0.3 0.2 0.2 135 80 55 0.5 0.5 0.4
Congolese 560 280 285 0.3 0.3 0.3 75 40 35 0.3 0.3 0.2
Nova Scotian 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 140 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Peruvian 705 335 370 0.4 0.4 0.4 150 60 90 0.5 0.4 0.6
Yoruba 130 90 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 365 190 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 890 430 465 0.5 0.5 0.5 140 80 60 0.5 0.5 0.4
Albanian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 105 45 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Brunswicker 90 60 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 100 35 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 610 270 340 0.3 0.3 0.4 25 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 455 265 195 0.2 0.3 0.2 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Albertan 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 100 65 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 415 230 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 65 50 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 300 175 125 0.2 0.2 0.1 55 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.148 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 360 170 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 20 25 0.2 0.1 0.2
Bosnian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 315 160 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 60 55 0.4 0.4 0.4
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 305 145 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 70 40 30 0.2 0.3 0.2
Latvian 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 100 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 770 375 395 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 35 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guatemalan 220 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 10 45 0.2 0.1 0.3
Indonesian 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Laotian 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 35 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
British Columbian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 105 45 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 155 80 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2
Coptic 160 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 220 105 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 400 175 225 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 20 25 0.2 0.1 0.2
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 155 65 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 295 135 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 90 40 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moldovan 1,045 515 535 0.6 0.6 0.6 260 145 120 0.9 1.0 0.8
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 230 95 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 335 175 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 165 80 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 30 0.2 0.1 0.2
Huron (Wendat) 195 80 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 340 145 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 40 0.3 0.2 0.3
Norman 185 100 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.2 0.2 0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 230 100 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 310 145 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mauritian 385 210 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kenyan 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 210 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 200 85 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Grenadian 90 50 40 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 70 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
Honduran 135 80 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 270 130 140 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Azerbaijani 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 100 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 310 150 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 35 45 0.3 0.2 0.3
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 260 125 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 140 80 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 25 0.2 0.3 0.2
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
St. Lucian 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 40 20 0.2 0.3 0.1
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 215 130 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 182,790 90,180 92,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,755 14,735 15,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 735 345 390 0.4 0.4 0.4 85 30 50 0.3 0.2 0.3
Christian 122,810 59,075 63,730 67.2 65.5 68.8 20,220 9,850 10,365 68.0 66.8 69.0
Christian, n.o.s.162 11,150 5,625 5,530 6.1 6.2 6.0 1,780 885 890 6.0 6.0 5.9
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anglican 1,525 670 855 0.8 0.7 0.9 90 35 55 0.3 0.2 0.4
Baptist 650 295 350 0.4 0.3 0.4 155 75 80 0.5 0.5 0.5
Catholic 98,535 47,345 51,185 53.9 52.5 55.3 16,750 8,120 8,625 56.3 55.1 57.4
Christian Orthodox 5,040 2,370 2,670 2.8 2.6 2.9 860 440 425 2.9 3.0 2.8
Jehovah's Witness 745 330 415 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 35 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
Latter Day Saints 120 40 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lutheran 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,065 515 545 0.6 0.6 0.6 95 65 25 0.3 0.4 0.2
Presbyterian 215 115 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Reformed 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Church 650 330 320 0.4 0.4 0.3 75 40 35 0.3 0.3 0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 2,925 1,335 1,590 1.6 1.5 1.7 285 125 165 1.0 0.8 1.1
Hindu 525 270 255 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
Jewish 300 160 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Muslim 8,005 4,020 3,985 4.4 4.5 4.3 1,340 680 665 4.5 4.6 4.4
Sikh 345 185 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 125 60 65 0.4 0.4 0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 395 165 235 0.2 0.2 0.3 60 35 30 0.2 0.2 0.2
No religion and secular perspectives 49,655 25,945 23,705 27.2 28.8 25.6 7,855 4,050 3,805 26.4 27.5 25.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 180,990 89,290 91,700 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,415 14,555 14,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 162,420 80,340 82,090 89.7 90.0 89.5 26,330 13,100 13,235 89.5 90.0 89.1
Movers 18,565 8,950 9,615 10.3 10.0 10.5 3,085 1,460 1,620 10.5 10.0 10.9
Non-migrants 6,590 3,285 3,310 3.6 3.7 3.6 1,155 585 570 3.9 4.0 3.8
Migrants 11,975 5,670 6,300 6.6 6.4 6.9 1,930 870 1,055 6.6 6.0 7.1
Internal migrants 11,460 5,435 6,030 6.3 6.1 6.6 1,835 830 1,010 6.2 5.7 6.8
Intraprovincial migrants 11,155 5,320 5,830 6.2 6.0 6.4 1,765 800 965 6.0 5.5 6.5
Interprovincial migrants 305 115 195 0.2 0.1 0.2 70 30 40 0.2 0.2 0.3
External migrants 510 235 275 0.3 0.3 0.3 95 45 45 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 172,675 84,890 87,780 100.0 100.0 100.0 27,980 13,825 14,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 105,940 52,675 53,255 61.4 62.1 60.7 17,040 8,515 8,525 60.9 61.6 60.2
Movers 66,740 32,215 34,525 38.7 37.9 39.3 10,940 5,305 5,630 39.1 38.4 39.8
Non-migrants 15,650 7,500 8,155 9.1 8.8 9.3 2,410 1,110 1,295 8.6 8.0 9.1
Migrants 51,085 24,710 26,375 29.6 29.1 30.0 8,530 4,195 4,340 30.5 30.3 30.7
Internal migrants 47,375 22,900 24,475 27.4 27.0 27.9 7,955 3,935 4,020 28.4 28.5 28.4
Intraprovincial migrants 46,280 22,385 23,900 26.8 26.4 27.2 7,800 3,860 3,940 27.9 27.9 27.8
Interprovincial migrants 1,095 515 575 0.6 0.6 0.7 155 75 80 0.6 0.5 0.6
External migrants 3,710 1,815 1,895 2.1 2.1 2.2 580 260 320 2.1 1.9 2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,665 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 27,370 14,710 12,660 18.6 20.4 16.8 4,660 2,615 2,045 19.6 22.4 16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 120,165 57,425 62,740 81.4 79.6 83.2 19,115 9,045 10,065 80.4 77.5 83.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 98,130 47,965 50,165 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,435 7,905 8,525 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 11,385 6,800 4,585 11.6 14.2 9.1 1,970 1,170 800 12.0 14.8 9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 86,750 41,170 45,575 88.4 85.8 90.9 14,465 6,735 7,725 88.0 85.2 90.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 147,540 72,135 75,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,665 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 24,280 12,660 11,610 16.5 17.6 15.4 4,140 2,250 1,885 17.4 19.3 15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 35,495 17,475 18,015 24.1 24.2 23.9 5,640 2,670 2,965 23.7 22.9 24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 87,770 41,995 45,775 59.5 58.2 60.7 13,995 6,745 7,255 58.9 57.8 59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 55,250 27,890 27,360 37.4 38.7 36.3 9,245 4,730 4,515 38.9 40.5 37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 22,775 13,945 8,825 15.4 19.3 11.7 3,695 2,395 1,300 15.5 20.5 10.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,145 8,470 7,675 10.9 11.7 10.2 2,575 1,445 1,125 10.8 12.4 9.3
Apprenticeship certificate169 6,630 5,475 1,150 4.5 7.6 1.5 1,120 950 175 4.7 8.1 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 26,640 11,500 15,145 18.1 15.9 20.1 4,500 1,910 2,590 18.9 16.4 21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 5,840 2,445 3,395 4.0 3.4 4.5 1,050 425 625 4.4 3.6 5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher 32,525 14,105 18,415 22.0 19.6 24.4 4,750 2,015 2,735 20.0 17.3 22.6
Bachelor's degree 21,630 9,140 12,490 14.7 12.7 16.6 3,130 1,275 1,860 13.2 10.9 15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 3,135 1,305 1,830 2.1 1.8 2.4 490 225 270 2.1 1.9 2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 485 210 275 0.3 0.3 0.4 75 30 40 0.3 0.3 0.3
Master's degree 6,420 2,985 3,440 4.4 4.1 4.6 905 410 490 3.8 3.5 4.0
Earned doctorate171 845 470 380 0.6 0.7 0.5 150 70 70 0.6 0.6 0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 98,130 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,430 7,905 8,525 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 9,250 5,440 3,815 9.4 11.3 7.6 1,600 925 675 9.7 11.7 7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 18,805 9,660 9,140 19.2 20.1 18.2 3,145 1,535 1,610 19.1 19.4 18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 70,075 32,870 37,210 71.4 68.5 74.2 11,690 5,445 6,240 71.2 68.9 73.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 41,790 20,975 20,815 42.6 43.7 41.5 7,355 3,635 3,720 44.8 46.0 43.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 17,670 10,500 7,170 18.0 21.9 14.3 2,885 1,780 1,105 17.6 22.5 13.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 12,740 6,485 6,255 13.0 13.5 12.5 2,080 1,110 970 12.7 14.0 11.4
Apprenticeship certificate169 4,935 4,010 920 5.0 8.4 1.8 805 670 135 4.9 8.5 1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 19,575 8,575 11,000 19.9 17.9 21.9 3,585 1,505 2,080 21.8 19.0 24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 4,545 1,905 2,640 4.6 4.0 5.3 885 350 540 5.4 4.4 6.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 28,285 11,890 16,390 28.8 24.8 32.7 4,330 1,815 2,520 26.4 23.0 29.6
Bachelor's degree 18,680 7,665 11,020 19.0 16.0 22.0 2,840 1,150 1,690 17.3 14.5 19.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,685 1,045 1,645 2.7 2.2 3.3 440 190 250 2.7 2.4 2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 390 150 240 0.4 0.3 0.5 65 20 45 0.4 0.3 0.5
Master's degree 5,785 2,650 3,140 5.9 5.5 6.3 850 385 460 5.2 4.9 5.4
Earned doctorate171 740 390 355 0.8 0.8 0.7 135 65 75 0.8 0.8 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 147,540 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,670 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 59,770 30,140 29,625 40.5 41.8 39.3 9,780 4,925 4,860 41.1 42.2 40.1
Education 6,230 1,230 5,005 4.2 1.7 6.6 930 185 750 3.9 1.6 6.2
13. Education 6,230 1,230 5,005 4.2 1.7 6.6 930 185 750 3.9 1.6 6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,910 1,200 1,715 2.0 1.7 2.3 465 195 275 2.0 1.7 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 465 325 145 0.3 0.5 0.2 55 40 15 0.2 0.3 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 2,445 880 1,570 1.7 1.2 2.1 415 155 260 1.7 1.3 2.1
Humanities 3,835 1,310 2,525 2.6 1.8 3.3 565 210 360 2.4 1.8 3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 575 140 435 0.4 0.2 0.6 85 20 70 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 175 55 115 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,130 745 1,380 1.4 1.0 1.8 365 135 230 1.5 1.2 1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 165 105 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
54. History 235 110 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 370 65 300 0.3 0.1 0.4 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 8,705 2,480 6,225 5.9 3.4 8.3 1,340 320 1,020 5.6 2.7 8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 85 20 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 970 275 695 0.7 0.4 0.9 175 50 130 0.7 0.4 1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,720 70 1,650 1.2 0.1 2.2 345 10 335 1.5 0.1 2.8
22. Legal professions and studies 1,740 530 1,210 1.2 0.7 1.6 270 55 215 1.1 0.5 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 195 30 160 0.1 0.0 0.2 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.2
42. Psychology 1,120 205 915 0.8 0.3 1.2 135 25 110 0.6 0.2 0.9
45. Social sciences 2,875 1,345 1,525 1.9 1.9 2.0 370 180 195 1.6 1.5 1.6
Business, management and public administration 21,985 8,025 13,960 14.9 11.1 18.5 3,490 1,230 2,260 14.7 10.5 18.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 895 175 725 0.6 0.2 1.0 160 50 115 0.7 0.4 0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 21,075 7,845 13,230 14.3 10.9 17.5 3,325 1,185 2,145 14.0 10.2 17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,955 1,580 1,380 2.0 2.2 1.8 475 245 230 2.0 2.1 1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 980 395 580 0.7 0.5 0.8 185 85 95 0.8 0.7 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 520 300 225 0.4 0.4 0.3 90 60 25 0.4 0.5 0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 360 175 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 40 25 0.3 0.3 0.2
40. Physical sciences 920 620 300 0.6 0.9 0.4 115 50 65 0.5 0.4 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 185 95 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 4,010 2,950 1,060 2.7 4.1 1.4 620 460 160 2.6 3.9 1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 3,525 2,710 820 2.4 3.8 1.1 565 425 140 2.4 3.6 1.2
25. Library science 145 25 115 0.1 0.0 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics 295 190 105 0.2 0.3 0.1 20 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 19,405 17,505 1,900 13.2 24.3 2.5 3,315 2,960 345 13.9 25.4 2.8
04. Architecture and related services 595 345 250 0.4 0.5 0.3 90 45 45 0.4 0.4 0.4
14. Engineering 4,065 3,280 785 2.8 4.5 1.0 670 535 135 2.8 4.6 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 3,735 3,275 460 2.5 4.5 0.6 625 540 90 2.6 4.6 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 4,375 4,220 160 3.0 5.9 0.2 795 765 25 3.3 6.6 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 4,240 4,130 105 2.9 5.7 0.1 725 700 25 3.0 6.0 0.2
48. Precision production 2,390 2,255 135 1.6 3.1 0.2 415 380 35 1.7 3.3 0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,165 590 575 0.8 0.8 0.8 165 95 70 0.7 0.8 0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 885 395 490 0.6 0.5 0.6 120 60 65 0.5 0.5 0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation 280 195 85 0.2 0.3 0.1 40 40 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Health and related fields 10,160 1,620 8,540 6.9 2.2 11.3 1,515 205 1,310 6.4 1.8 10.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 615 305 310 0.4 0.4 0.4 120 50 75 0.5 0.4 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 9,410 1,260 8,145 6.4 1.7 10.8 1,375 150 1,225 5.8 1.3 10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 135 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services 6,390 3,505 2,890 4.3 4.9 3.8 1,100 630 475 4.6 5.4 3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 3,065 755 2,305 2.1 1.0 3.1 475 130 350 2.0 1.1 2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 1,695 1,300 395 1.1 1.8 0.5 310 245 70 1.3 2.1 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,600 1,415 185 1.1 2.0 0.2 305 255 50 1.3 2.2 0.4
Other179 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 98,125 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,435 7,910 8,525 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 28,055 15,100 12,955 28.6 31.5 25.8 4,745 2,460 2,285 28.9 31.1 26.8
Education 4,580 775 3,805 4.7 1.6 7.6 735 125 615 4.5 1.6 7.2
13. Education 4,580 775 3,805 4.7 1.6 7.6 735 125 615 4.5 1.6 7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,245 875 1,380 2.3 1.8 2.8 375 150 225 2.3 1.9 2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 300 205 95 0.3 0.4 0.2 40 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 1,950 670 1,280 2.0 1.4 2.6 335 125 210 2.0 1.6 2.5
Humanities 2,560 880 1,675 2.6 1.8 3.3 435 165 275 2.6 2.1 3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 425 100 320 0.4 0.2 0.6 80 25 60 0.5 0.3 0.7
23. English language and literature/letters 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 25 10 10 0.2 0.1 0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 1,315 490 815 1.3 1.0 1.6 260 95 165 1.6 1.2 1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 100 75 25 0.1 0.2 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
54. History 170 70 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 280 55 220 0.3 0.1 0.4 25 0 20 0.2 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,155 1,925 5,230 7.3 4.0 10.4 1,175 270 905 7.1 3.4 10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 75 15 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 845 235 620 0.9 0.5 1.2 160 40 125 1.0 0.5 1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,445 30 1,410 1.5 0.1 2.8 310 10 305 1.9 0.1 3.6
22. Legal professions and studies 1,475 430 1,045 1.5 0.9 2.1 245 50 195 1.5 0.6 2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 135 25 110 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2
42. Psychology 875 140 735 0.9 0.3 1.5 110 15 95 0.7 0.2 1.1
45. Social sciences 2,305 1,055 1,255 2.3 2.2 2.5 315 150 165 1.9 1.9 1.9
Business, management and public administration 18,105 6,460 11,645 18.5 13.5 23.2 3,035 1,060 1,975 18.5 13.4 23.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 765 150 615 0.8 0.3 1.2 130 45 85 0.8 0.6 1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 17,330 6,305 11,025 17.7 13.1 22.0 2,900 1,015 1,890 17.6 12.8 22.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,080 1,110 975 2.1 2.3 1.9 345 185 165 2.1 2.3 1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 870 355 510 0.9 0.7 1.0 165 80 85 1.0 1.0 1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 350 210 145 0.4 0.4 0.3 70 45 20 0.4 0.6 0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 680 435 245 0.7 0.9 0.5 85 40 50 0.5 0.5 0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians 140 75 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 3,595 2,655 940 3.7 5.5 1.9 595 445 150 3.6 5.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 3,225 2,485 745 3.3 5.2 1.5 540 410 135 3.3 5.2 1.6
25. Library science 120 25 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics 210 130 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 25 25 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 15,370 13,640 1,725 15.7 28.4 3.4 2,650 2,325 325 16.1 29.4 3.8
04. Architecture and related services 470 250 220 0.5 0.5 0.4 90 40 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
14. Engineering 3,675 2,930 745 3.7 6.1 1.5 625 495 130 3.8 6.3 1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,875 2,465 410 2.9 5.1 0.8 500 420 85 3.0 5.3 1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 3,285 3,150 135 3.3 6.6 0.3 595 580 20 3.6 7.3 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 3,305 3,210 100 3.4 6.7 0.2 545 530 15 3.3 6.7 0.2
48. Precision production 1,760 1,635 125 1.8 3.4 0.2 295 265 35 1.8 3.4 0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 945 470 475 1.0 1.0 0.9 135 80 65 0.8 1.0 0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 720 320 405 0.7 0.7 0.8 110 50 60 0.7 0.6 0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation 230 155 70 0.2 0.3 0.1 30 30 0 0.2 0.4 0.0
Health and related fields 8,270 1,295 6,975 8.4 2.7 13.9 1,300 150 1,150 7.9 1.9 13.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 545 255 285 0.6 0.5 0.6 115 45 75 0.7 0.6 0.9
51. Health professions and related programs178 7,620 1,005 6,615 7.8 2.1 13.2 1,175 105 1,070 7.1 1.3 12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 105 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services 5,150 2,770 2,385 5.2 5.8 4.8 895 500 395 5.4 6.3 4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,480 575 1,900 2.5 1.2 3.8 385 100 290 2.3 1.3 3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 1,400 1,075 330 1.4 2.2 0.7 260 205 60 1.6 2.6 0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,260 1,115 155 1.3 2.3 0.3 240 195 45 1.5 2.5 0.5
Other179 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 98,125 47,965 50,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,435 7,910 8,525 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 28,055 15,100 12,955 28.6 31.5 25.8 4,745 2,460 2,285 28.9 31.1 26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 70,075 32,870 37,205 71.4 68.5 74.2 11,685 5,445 6,240 71.1 68.8 73.2
Location of study inside Canada 60,345 28,080 32,260 61.5 58.5 64.3 10,040 4,650 5,395 61.1 58.8 63.3
Same as province or territory of residence 58,970 27,470 31,500 60.1 57.3 62.8 9,890 4,585 5,310 60.2 58.0 62.3
Different than province or territory of residence 1,375 610 760 1.4 1.3 1.5 150 65 85 0.9 0.8 1.0
Location of study outside Canada182 9,735 4,790 4,945 9.9 10.0 9.9 1,650 795 850 10.0 10.1 10.0
Americas 2,255 1,120 1,135 2.3 2.3 2.3 495 240 255 3.0 3.0 3.0
United States of America 465 270 200 0.5 0.6 0.4 70 40 25 0.4 0.5 0.3
Mexico 230 100 130 0.2 0.2 0.3 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cuba 75 50 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haiti 75 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 430 205 225 0.4 0.4 0.4 150 75 75 0.9 0.9 0.9
Colombia 370 170 200 0.4 0.4 0.4 85 40 50 0.5 0.5 0.6
Peru 180 75 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 10 35 0.3 0.1 0.4
Venezuela95 140 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 30 0.3 0.3 0.4
Other locations of study in Americas 270 150 125 0.3 0.3 0.2 50 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Europe 3,415 1,745 1,670 3.5 3.6 3.3 620 300 320 3.8 3.8 3.8
Belgium 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
France 1,050 585 465 1.1 1.2 0.9 200 105 90 1.2 1.3 1.1
Germany 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Netherlands 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 620 265 355 0.6 0.6 0.7 165 65 95 1.0 0.8 1.1
Poland 45 0 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Romania 530 285 245 0.5 0.6 0.5 90 40 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
Russian Federation 265 125 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.4
Ukraine 250 135 115 0.3 0.3 0.2 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Ireland96 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 40 20 20 0.2 0.3 0.2
Africa 1,905 935 965 1.9 1.9 1.9 305 165 145 1.9 2.1 1.7
Nigeria 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 535 250 285 0.5 0.5 0.6 90 40 50 0.5 0.5 0.6
Morocco 355 180 170 0.4 0.4 0.3 55 30 25 0.3 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Egypt 150 80 70 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 640 320 325 0.7 0.7 0.6 130 70 55 0.8 0.9 0.6
Asia 2,110 955 1,155 2.2 2.0 2.3 220 95 130 1.3 1.2 1.5
Iran88 280 140 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 20 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Turkey 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 890 405 485 0.9 0.8 1.0 80 35 45 0.5 0.4 0.5
Taiwan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 165 35 130 0.2 0.1 0.3 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 150 60 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Pakistan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 275 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.2
Oceania 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 40 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealand 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 147,540 72,135 75,405 ... ... ... 23,775 11,665 12,110 ... ... ...
In the labour force 100,830 51,535 49,305 ... ... ... 17,160 8,665 8,495 ... ... ...
Employed 94,625 48,450 46,175 ... ... ... 16,225 8,205 8,020 ... ... ...
Unemployed 6,210 3,085 3,125 ... ... ... 935 460 475 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 46,705 20,605 26,100 ... ... ... 6,615 3,000 3,615 ... ... ...
Participation rate 68.3 71.4 65.4 68.3 71.4 65.4 72.2 74.3 70.1 72.2 74.3 70.1
Employment rate 64.1 67.2 61.2 64.1 67.2 61.2 68.2 70.3 66.2 68.2 70.3 66.2
Unemployment rate 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.3 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 147,540 72,135 75,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 23,775 11,665 12,110 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 46,010 20,045 25,965 31.2 27.8 34.4 6,430 2,855 3,575 27.0 24.5 29.5
Worked 101,525 52,085 49,440 68.8 72.2 65.6 17,350 8,815 8,535 73.0 75.6 70.5
Worked full year full time187 57,840 31,135 26,700 39.2 43.2 35.4 10,025 5,330 4,700 42.2 45.7 38.8
Worked part year and/or part time188 43,685 20,950 22,735 29.6 29.0 30.2 7,325 3,485 3,840 30.8 29.9 31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.4 42.9 41.8 42.4 42.9 41.8 43.0 43.6 42.4 43.0 43.6 42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,160 8,660 8,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 255 75 175 1.5 0.9 2.1
All classes of workers191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 16,910 8,585 8,320 98.5 99.1 97.9
Employee 88,800 44,595 44,200 88.1 86.5 89.7 15,405 7,655 7,750 89.8 88.4 91.2
Permanent position 76,900 39,275 37,625 76.3 76.2 76.3 13,425 6,810 6,620 78.2 78.6 77.9
Temporary position 11,900 5,320 6,575 11.8 10.3 13.3 1,980 845 1,130 11.5 9.8 13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more) 3,675 1,460 2,220 3.6 2.8 4.5 645 245 405 3.8 2.8 4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 8,220 3,865 4,360 8.2 7.5 8.8 1,330 605 725 7.8 7.0 8.5
Self-employed192 10,290 6,200 4,090 10.2 12.0 8.3 1,500 930 570 8.7 10.7 6.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,160 8,660 8,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 255 75 175 1.5 0.9 2.1
All occupations191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 16,910 8,585 8,320 98.5 99.1 97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 1,875 1,385 490 1.9 2.7 1.0 255 180 80 1.5 2.1 0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 20,145 6,395 13,745 20.0 12.4 27.9 3,435 1,055 2,380 20.0 12.2 28.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 8,665 6,695 1,970 8.6 13.0 4.0 1,560 1,195 365 9.1 13.8 4.3
3 Health occupations 7,830 1,175 6,655 7.8 2.3 13.5 1,110 120 990 6.5 1.4 11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 12,300 3,290 9,005 12.2 6.4 18.3 2,295 620 1,675 13.4 7.2 19.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,445 1,175 1,270 2.4 2.3 2.6 440 200 240 2.6 2.3 2.8
6 Sales and service occupations 23,615 11,120 12,495 23.4 21.6 25.3 3,845 1,775 2,070 22.4 20.5 24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 17,610 16,145 1,460 17.5 31.3 3.0 3,125 2,830 290 18.2 32.7 3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 850 645 205 0.8 1.3 0.4 160 125 35 0.9 1.4 0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 3,760 2,770 990 3.7 5.4 2.0 675 485 190 3.9 5.6 2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 100,835 51,530 49,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,160 8,660 8,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,740 735 1,015 1.7 1.4 2.1 255 75 175 1.5 0.9 2.1
All industries191 99,090 50,800 48,290 98.3 98.6 98.0 16,910 8,585 8,320 98.5 99.1 97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 655 410 240 0.6 0.8 0.5 140 80 65 0.8 0.9 0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 170 125 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 40 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
22 Utilities 980 700 275 1.0 1.4 0.6 195 140 55 1.1 1.6 0.6
23 Construction 7,530 6,330 1,195 7.5 12.3 2.4 1,415 1,130 285 8.2 13.0 3.4
31-33 Manufacturing 9,885 7,025 2,855 9.8 13.6 5.8 1,645 1,170 480 9.6 13.5 5.7
41 Wholesale trade 4,080 2,705 1,380 4.0 5.2 2.8 735 515 220 4.3 5.9 2.6
44-45 Retail trade 12,280 5,885 6,390 12.2 11.4 13.0 2,055 970 1,085 12.0 11.2 12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 6,600 4,945 1,655 6.5 9.6 3.4 1,155 835 320 6.7 9.6 3.8
51 Information and cultural industries 2,320 1,335 985 2.3 2.6 2.0 420 275 140 2.4 3.2 1.6
52 Finance and insurance 5,050 2,060 2,990 5.0 4.0 6.1 820 305 520 4.8 3.5 6.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1,575 860 720 1.6 1.7 1.5 265 140 120 1.5 1.6 1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 7,720 4,180 3,540 7.7 8.1 7.2 1,185 645 540 6.9 7.4 6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises 110 60 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 3,590 2,185 1,405 3.6 4.2 2.8 545 365 180 3.2 4.2 2.1
61 Educational services 7,885 2,020 5,870 7.8 3.9 11.9 1,355 360 1,000 7.9 4.2 11.8
62 Health care and social assistance 13,285 2,185 11,100 13.2 4.2 22.5 2,060 285 1,770 12.0 3.3 20.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,265 660 605 1.3 1.3 1.2 210 95 120 1.2 1.1 1.4
72 Accommodation and food services 4,510 2,245 2,270 4.5 4.4 4.6 710 330 380 4.1 3.8 4.5
81 Other services (except public administration) 3,855 1,860 1,995 3.8 3.6 4.0 730 295 435 4.3 3.4 5.1
91 Public administration 5,750 3,030 2,725 5.7 5.9 5.5 1,200 620 580 7.0 7.2 6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,115 9,205 8,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 7,510 4,215 3,295 7.0 7.7 6.3 715 405 310 3.9 4.4 3.5
French 58,990 29,540 29,455 55.3 54.1 56.5 11,190 5,695 5,495 61.8 61.9 61.7
Non-official language 300 145 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 300 145 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
English and French 38,335 19,960 18,375 35.9 36.5 35.3 5,895 2,945 2,950 32.5 32.0 33.1
English and non-official language(s) 280 115 160 0.3 0.2 0.3 60 30 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 240 110 130 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 20 0.3 0.3 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,095 560 535 1.0 1.0 1.0 170 90 80 0.9 1.0 0.9
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,115 9,205 8,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 98,970 50,620 48,350 92.7 92.6 92.8 16,995 8,665 8,325 93.8 94.1 93.5
Official languages 98,475 50,385 48,085 92.2 92.2 92.3 16,930 8,640 8,290 93.5 93.9 93.1
English 15,325 8,375 6,950 14.4 15.3 13.3 1,720 965 750 9.5 10.5 8.4
French 83,145 42,010 41,135 77.9 76.9 78.9 15,210 7,670 7,545 84.0 83.3 84.7
Non-official languages 500 240 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 70 35 35 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 500 240 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 70 35 35 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 225 105 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 25 20 0.2 0.3 0.2
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 140 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Romanian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 205 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Chinese languages 205 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 165 90 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 7,785 4,030 3,755 7.3 7.4 7.2 1,115 540 580 6.2 5.9 6.5
English and French 7,455 3,850 3,600 7.0 7.0 6.9 1,025 495 540 5.7 5.4 6.1
English and non-official language(s) 105 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 125 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 106,755 54,650 52,110 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,115 9,205 8,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 74,230 37,720 36,510 69.5 69.0 70.1 12,965 6,600 6,365 71.6 71.7 71.5
English 23,770 12,320 11,450 22.3 22.5 22.0 3,985 1,980 2,005 22.0 21.5 22.5
French 7,585 4,050 3,535 7.1 7.4 6.8 990 540 450 5.5 5.9 5.1
Non-official language 485 220 260 0.5 0.4 0.5 80 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
Indigenous39 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 475 220 255 0.4 0.4 0.5 80 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
English and French 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 385 170 220 0.4 0.3 0.4 50 15 35 0.3 0.2 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 195 105 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 50 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 94,625 48,445 46,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,225 8,205 8,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 21,160 9,875 11,285 22.4 20.4 24.4 3,580 1,630 1,950 22.1 19.9 24.3
Worked outside Canada 190 125 65 0.2 0.3 0.1 40 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
No fixed workplace address 10,350 7,950 2,400 10.9 16.4 5.2 1,865 1,440 425 11.5 17.6 5.3
Usual place of work 62,925 30,500 32,430 66.5 63.0 70.2 10,740 5,110 5,630 66.2 62.3 70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 62,930 30,500 32,430 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,740 5,110 5,630 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 13,700 5,870 7,840 21.8 19.2 24.2 1,770 595 1,175 16.5 11.6 20.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 13,130 5,670 7,460 20.9 18.6 23.0 2,885 1,245 1,645 26.9 24.4 29.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 35,985 18,890 17,090 57.2 61.9 52.7 6,050 3,255 2,795 56.3 63.7 49.6
Commute to a different province or territory 110 70 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,605 6,550 6,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 65,135 35,055 30,080 88.9 91.2 86.3 11,360 6,065 5,290 90.1 92.6 87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver 61,525 33,540 27,990 84.0 87.2 80.4 10,765 5,860 4,900 85.4 89.5 81.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 3,605 1,515 2,095 4.9 3.9 6.0 595 205 390 4.7 3.1 6.4
Public transit 4,395 1,640 2,755 6.0 4.3 7.9 735 285 450 5.8 4.4 7.4
Walked 2,135 880 1,255 2.9 2.3 3.6 270 80 190 2.1 1.2 3.1
Bicycle 610 415 195 0.8 1.1 0.6 110 70 45 0.9 1.1 0.7
Other method 1,000 455 555 1.4 1.2 1.6 130 55 70 1.0 0.8 1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,605 6,550 6,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 19,095 8,530 10,560 26.1 22.2 30.3 2,740 1,185 1,560 21.7 18.1 25.8
15 to 29 minutes 24,295 12,425 11,870 33.2 32.3 34.1 4,555 2,215 2,340 36.1 33.8 38.7
30 to 44 minutes 19,615 11,625 7,990 26.8 30.2 22.9 3,675 2,200 1,475 29.2 33.6 24.4
45 to 59 minutes 6,140 3,615 2,520 8.4 9.4 7.2 1,030 610 415 8.2 9.3 6.9
60 minutes and over 4,135 2,240 1,900 5.6 5.8 5.5 600 340 260 4.8 5.2 4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 73,280 38,450 34,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,605 6,550 6,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 7,315 5,765 1,545 10.0 15.0 4.4 1,255 1,020 230 10.0 15.6 3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 14,135 8,550 5,585 19.3 22.2 16.0 2,580 1,520 1,060 20.5 23.2 17.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 20,810 9,280 11,530 28.4 24.1 33.1 3,700 1,640 2,065 29.4 25.0 34.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 12,470 5,070 7,405 17.0 13.2 21.3 2,015 750 1,265 16.0 11.5 20.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 7,110 3,015 4,095 9.7 7.8 11.8 1,110 485 620 8.8 7.4 10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 11,435 6,760 4,675 15.6 17.6 13.4 1,945 1,135 810 15.4 17.3 13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 43,040 22,045 20,995 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,290 3,710 3,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,315 4,800 4,520 21.6 21.8 21.5 1,035 530 510 14.2 14.3 14.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 33,720 17,240 16,480 78.3 78.2 78.5 6,250 3,180 3,070 85.7 85.7 85.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 32,125 16,460 15,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,360 2,715 2,645 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,995 3,580 3,410 21.8 21.7 21.8 750 380 375 14.0 14.0 14.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 5,430 2,795 2,635 16.9 17.0 16.8 580 290 285 10.8 10.7 10.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,560 785 775 4.9 4.8 4.9 175 85 90 3.3 3.1 3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 25,130 12,880 12,255 78.2 78.3 78.2 4,605 2,340 2,265 85.9 86.2 85.6

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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