Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Papineau, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove	Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, Municipalité (MÉ)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,308	841
Population, 2016¹	22,832	727
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.5	15.7
Total private dwellings²	16,059	478
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,504	381
Population density per square kilometre	8.4	7.4
Land area in square kilometres	2,903.45	113.33
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,310	840
0 to 14 years	3,230	130
0 to 4 years	960	50
5 to 9 years	1,140	50
10 to 14 years	1,135	35
15 to 64 years	14,390	560
15 to 19 years	900	30
20 to 24 years	850	35
25 to 29 years	985	50
30 to 34 years	1,270	50
35 to 39 years	1,220	35
40 to 44 years	1,160	35
45 to 49 years	1,255	50
50 to 54 years	1,625	70
55 to 59 years	2,385	110
60 to 64 years	2,735	85
65 years and over	6,690	155
65 to 69 years	2,355	50
70 to 74 years	1,935	55
75 to 79 years	1,255	35
80 to 84 years	650	10
85 years and over	500	10
85 to 89 years	305	5
90 to 94 years	165	5
95 to 99 years	30	0
100 years and over	5	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	15.5
15 to 64 years	59.2	66.7
65 years and over	27.5	18.5
85 years and over	2.1	1.2
Average age of the population	48.2	44.2
Median age of the population	54.0	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,505	380
Single-detached house	9,390	335
Semi-detached house	515	25
Row house	60	5
Apartment or flat in a duplex	480	5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	935	0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	0
Other single-attached house	50	5
Movable dwelling⁴	70	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,505	380
1 person	4,055	120
2 persons	4,720	155
3 persons	1,220	55
4 persons	955	35
5 or more persons	550	15
Number of persons in private households	23,985	840
Average household size	2.1	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	21,080	710
Married or living common-law	12,635	450
Married	7,270	245
Living common-law	5,365	205
Living common law - Never married	3,965	155
Living common law - Separated	95	5
Living common law - Divorced	1,140	40
Living common law - Widowed	160	0
Not married and not living common-law	8,445	260
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,025	185
Not married and not living common law - Separated	335	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,685	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,405	30
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,205	260
2 persons	4,765	160
3 persons	1,160	55
4 persons	880	30
5 or more persons	400	15
Average size of census families	2.6	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,210	260
Total couple families	6,215	220
Married couples	3,530	120
With children⁶	850	35
Without children	2,680	85
Common-law couples	2,680	100
With children⁶	1,210	50
Without children	1,475	50
Total one-parent families	995	40
in which the parent is a woman+	705	30
in which the parent is a man+	285	10
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,985	840
Total - Persons in census families	18,665	690
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,430	445
Parents in one-parent families	995	35
Children⁶	5,240	205
In a two-parent family	3,720	150
In a one-parent family	1,525	55
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,320	155
Living alone	4,060	115
Living with other relatives⁷	530	20
Living with non-relatives only	735	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,505	385
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,590	235
Couple-family households	5,775	205
With children⁶	1,885	80
Without children	3,890	130
One-parent-family households	815	25
Multigenerational households⁸	175	5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	0
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	260	10
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	370	5
One-person households	4,060	115
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	20,760	715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,410	700
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,415	700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,595	625
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,885	510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,715	580
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,765	110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,180	195
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	20,790	700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,430	695
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,430	695
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,120	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,485	610
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,920	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,915	510
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,960	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,855	585
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,560	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,840	110
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,335	225
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,940	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	20,790	700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,490	185
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,150	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,540	260
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	13,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,760	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.2	76.5
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9	57.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.8	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	20,760	710
Without total income	350	15
With total income	20,410	700
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,420	45
$10,000 to $19,999	2,890	100
$20,000 to $29,999	3,920	115
$30,000 to $39,999	3,070	110
$40,000 to $49,999	2,845	100
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	65
$60,000 to $69,999	1,370	60
$70,000 to $79,999	940	30
$80,000 to $89,999	660	30
$90,000 to $99,999	390	15
$100,000 and over	935	35
$100,000 to $149,999	725	20
$150,000 and over	210	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	20,760	710
Without after-tax income	345	15
With after-tax income	20,420	700
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,560	50
$10,000 to $19,999	3,050	105
$20,000 to $29,999	4,515	140
$30,000 to $39,999	3,795	140
$40,000 to $49,999	3,060	100
$50,000 to $59,999	1,900	80
$60,000 to $69,999	1,095	40
$70,000 to $79,999	610	25
$80,000 to $89,999	360	10
$90,000 to $99,999	185	10
$100,000 and over	295	15
$100,000 to $124,999	155	5
$125,000 and over	140	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	20,760	710
Without employment income	7,875	205
With employment income	12,880	510
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,015	75
$5,000 to $9,999	1,185	40
$10,000 to $19,999	1,765	75
$20,000 to $29,999	1,525	60
$30,000 to $39,999	1,535	45
$40,000 to $49,999	1,320	50
$50,000 to $59,999	960	40
$60,000 to $69,999	745	35
$70,000 to $79,999	545	20
$80,000 to $89,999	430	25
$90,000 to $99,999	235	10
$100,000 and over	625	20
$100,000 to $124,999	350	10
$125,000 and over	270	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	20,760	715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,145	685
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,170	690
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,360	615
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,125	515
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,365	525
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,565	95
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	20,790	700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,195	665
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,205	665
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,760	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,275	595
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,195	520
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	42,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,460	535
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,940	10,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,620	100
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,290	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	20,790	700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,445	185
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,750	61,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,300	250
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	35,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.4	82.0
Employment income (%)	61.1	72.0
Government transfers (%)	21.6	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,505	380
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	70,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	61,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,060	115
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	38,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,450	265
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	74,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,505	380
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,600	89,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,200	72,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,085	115
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,760	42,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,480	35,500
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,420	260
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,300	111,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,900	90,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,505	380
Under $5,000	105	0
$5,000 to $9,999	95	0
$10,000 to $14,999	180	15
$15,000 to $19,999	270	5
$20,000 to $24,999	845	10
$25,000 to $29,999	465	25
$30,000 to $34,999	535	15
$35,000 to $39,999	705	15
$40,000 to $44,999	620	25
$45,000 to $49,999	590	15
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	25
$60,000 to $69,999	940	35
$70,000 to $79,999	850	45
$80,000 to $89,999	700	20
$90,000 to $99,999	665	20
$100,000 and over	2,880	110
$100,000 to $124,999	1,175	40
$125,000 to $149,999	735	30
$150,000 to $199,999	625	25
$200,000 and over	350	15
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,505	380
Under $5,000	115	0
$5,000 to $9,999	95	0
$10,000 to $14,999	190	15
$15,000 to $19,999	295	5
$20,000 to $24,999	870	15
$25,000 to $29,999	590	25
$30,000 to $34,999	675	20
$35,000 to $39,999	775	25
$40,000 to $44,999	725	25
$45,000 to $49,999	650	15
$50,000 to $59,999	1,230	45
$60,000 to $69,999	1,070	45
$70,000 to $79,999	945	30
$80,000 to $89,999	785	25
$90,000 to $99,999	610	25
$100,000 and over	1,865	70
$100,000 to $124,999	980	30
$125,000 to $149,999	450	25
$150,000 and over	435	15
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,185	260
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	72,500
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,930	130
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	79,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	70,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,085	90
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	93,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	940	40
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	58,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	51,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,790	135
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,155	255
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,700	111,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,100	89,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,955	130
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	106,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	84,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,160	85
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	136,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,900	106,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	840	40
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	76,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,700	68,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,785	140
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,360	41,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,480	35,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,985	840
0 to 17 years	3,795	145
0 to 5 years	1,180	60
18 to 64 years	13,745	535
65 years and over	6,450	150
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,545	105
0 to 17 years	470	25
0 to 5 years	160	15
18 to 64 years	1,725	55
65 years and over	1,355	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	10.4
65 years and over (%)	21.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,985	840
0 to 17 years	3,790	150
0 to 5 years	1,180	60
18 to 64 years	13,750	540
65 years and over	6,445	155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	665	20
0 to 17 years	50	0
0 to 5 years	15	0
18 to 64 years	540	15
65 years and over	65	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	x
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	2.8
65 years and over (%)	1.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,985	840
In bottom half of the distribution	15,715	515
In bottom decile	2,975	100
In second decile	3,450	115
In third decile	3,425	115
In fourth decile	3,160	95
In fifth decile	2,710	80
In top half of the distribution	8,270	330
In sixth decile	2,430	85
In seventh decile	2,145	100
In eighth decile	1,675	60
In ninth decile	1,330	70
In top decile	690	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,985	840
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	0.298
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.462	0.438
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	0.253
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	24,180	840
English only	505	20
French only	12,590	390
English and French	11,055	435
Neither English nor French	25	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	24,180	840
English	1,475	55
French	22,485	780
English and French	200	10
Neither English nor French	20	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	24,180	840
Single responses	23,665	825
Official languages	23,380	810
English	1,320	50
French	22,060	765
Non-official languages	285	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	10	0
Haitian Creole	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	10
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	30	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	10	0
Russian	10	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	5	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	65	5
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	50	5
German	50	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	5	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	5
Catalan	0	0
Italian	20	0
Portuguese	30	5
Romanian	5	0
Spanish	55	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	5	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0
Shona	0	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0
Chinese languages	20	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	15	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	510	15
English and French	455	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	24,180	840
English	1,065	35
French	21,320	720
Non-official language	55	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	0
English and French	1,500	70
English and non-official language(s)	35	5
French and non-official language(s)	100	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	24,180	840
Single responses	23,755	825
Official languages	23,660	825
English	1,355	50
French	22,305	770
Non-official languages	95	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	5	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	20	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	15	0
German	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	5	0
Portuguese	10	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	25	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	5	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0
Chinese languages	15	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	10	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	425	15
English and French	375	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	24,175	840
None	22,835	770
English	900	45
French	270	15
Non-official language	85	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	5
English and French	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,985	840
Official languages	23,965	840
English	11,590	440
French	23,565	835
Non-official languages	890	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	885	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	60	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	60	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	30	0
Haitian Creole	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	745	40
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	45	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	10	0
Russian	35	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	125	15
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	90	15
German	85	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	35	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	575	25
Catalan	0	0
Italian	70	0
Portuguese	50	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	480	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	0
Chinese languages	40	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	40	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,985	840
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,045	55
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	985	55
First Nations (North American Indian)	700	30
Métis	280	20
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	0
Non-Indigenous identity	22,935	785
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,985	840
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,855	830
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,505	380
Owner	8,895	315
Renter	2,610	60
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,505	380
Condominium	460	0
Not condominium	11,045	380
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,505	380
No bedrooms	20	0
1 bedroom	1,290	20
2 bedrooms	3,920	135
3 bedrooms	4,130	155
4 or more bedrooms	2,155	70
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,505	380
1 to 4 rooms	2,825	70
5 rooms	2,455	85
6 rooms	1,870	80
7 rooms	1,610	80
8 or more rooms	2,745	65
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,505	380
One person or fewer per room	11,470	370
More than one person per room	35	10
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,505	380
Suitable	11,255	375
Not suitable	250	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,505	380
1960 or before	3,030	80
1961 to 1980	3,185	95
1981 to 1990	1,490	95
1991 to 2000	1,235	35
2001 to 2005	545	35
2006 to 2010	730	15
2011 to 2015	720	10
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	565	20
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,505	380
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,465	335
Major repairs needed	1,035	45
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,505	380
One-maintainer household	6,340	200
Two-maintainer household	4,940	170
Three-or-more-maintainer household	230	10
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,505	380
15 to 24 years	190	10
25 to 34 years	1,090	20
35 to 44 years	1,350	55
45 to 54 years	1,675	55
55 to 64 years	3,015	135
65 to 74 years	2,645	65
75 to 84 years	1,255	35
85 years and over	280	0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,365	365
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,805	305
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,555	65
30% to less than 100%	1,415	60
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,505	380
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,605	115
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,345	60
Not suitable only	205	0
Major repairs needed only	815	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0
Acceptable housing	8,900	270
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,225	365
In core need	965	35
Not in core need	10,255	330
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,790	310
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.3	62.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	12.9
% in core housing need⁶³	6.8	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	765	990
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	878	940
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	250,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	275,600	280,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,615	60
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.2	0.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.8	33.3
% in core housing need⁶³	14.7	27.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	650	900
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	639	920
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,985	840
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,035	70
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,025	70
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	955	70
Métis single ancestry	75	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,295	35
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,285	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,195	25
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,650	735
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,985	840
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,830	835
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,775	155
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,050	675
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,985	840
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,465	820
Immigrants⁸¹	460	20
Before 1980	170	0
1980 to 1990	100	0
1991 to 2000	50	0
2001 to 2010	80	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	0
2011 to 2015	15	0
2016 to 2021	30	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	460	15
Under 5 years	40	0
5 to 14 years	75	0
15 to 24 years	75	0
25 to 44 years	235	0
45 years and over	30	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	460	15
Americas	60	0
Brazil	0	0
Colombia	0	0
El Salvador	0	0
Guyana	0	0
Haiti	10	0
Jamaica	0	0
Mexico	0	0
Peru	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0
United States of America	20	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0
Europe	265	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0
Croatia	0	0
France	95	0
Germany	15	0
Greece	0	0
Hungary	0	0
Italy	20	0
Netherlands	10	0
Poland	10	0
Portugal	10	0
Romania	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0
Ukraine	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	0
Africa	65	0
Algeria	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0
Egypt	15	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0
Morocco	10	0
Nigeria	0	0
Somalia	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0
Asia	75	0
Afghanistan	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0
Iraq	0	0
Lebanon	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0
Taiwan	10	0
Philippines	20	0
Viet Nam	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0
India	0	0
Pakistan	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	0
Americas	0	0
Brazil	0	0
Colombia	0	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	0	0
Mexico	0	0
United States of America	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0
Europe	20	0
France	10	0
Germany	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0
Italy	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0
Ukraine	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0
Africa	10	0
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	0
Cameroon	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0
Egypt	0	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0
Morocco	0	0
Nigeria	0	0
Somalia	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0
Tunisia	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0
Asia	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
India	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0
Iraq	0	0
Israel	0	0
Japan	0	0
Jordan	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0
Lebanon	0	0
Nepal	0	0
Pakistan	0	0
Philippines	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0
Australia	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,985	840
First generation¹⁰⁰	595	25
Second generation¹⁰¹	680	15
Third generation or more¹⁰²	22,710	800
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	285	15
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	160	0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	70	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	90	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	100	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	285	15
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	230	15
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,985	840
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	260	0
South Asian	20	0
Chinese	35	0
Black	90	0
Filipino	20	0
Arab	25	0
Latin American	25	0
Southeast Asian	20	0
West Asian	0	0
Korean	0	0
Japanese	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,725	835
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,985	845
Canadian	8,885	350
English	595	0
Irish	1,620	25
Scottish	635	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,410	290
German	535	15
Chinese	55	0
Italian	265	15
Indian (India)	65	0
Ukrainian	60	0
Dutch	55	0
Polish	55	0
Québécois	3,600	115
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	105	0
Filipino	30	0
French Canadian	2,285	50
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	400	25
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	960	20
Métis	180	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	160	0
Russian	15	0
Norwegian	20	0
Welsh	25	0
Portuguese	75	0
American	55	0
Spanish	50	0
Swedish	25	0
Hungarian	20	0
Acadian	180	0
Pakistani	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	0
Jewish	10	0
Punjabi	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	0
Greek	0	0
Jamaican	25	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	10
Korean	0	0
Romanian	0	0
Lebanese	50	0
Iranian	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	0
Danish	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	380	20
Sikh	0	0
Austrian	15	0
Belgian	185	15
Haitian	35	0
Hindu	0	0
Mexican	30	0
Mennonite	0	0
Swiss	65	10
Finnish	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Japanese	10	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	40
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	0
Muslim	0	0
Egyptian	15	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Icelandic	10	0
Colombian	0	0
Moroccan	10	0
Czech	0	0
Syrian	35	0
Guyanese	0	0
Afghan	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0
Serbian	0	0
Ojibway	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0
Ontarian	65	10
Persian	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0
Turkish	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0
Algerian	25	0
Brazilian	0	0
Nigerian	0	0
Armenian	15	0
Slovak	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0
Somali	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0
Iraqi	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0
Algonquin	410	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
South African	0	0
Australian	0	0
Palestinian	0	0
Chilean	10	0
Congolese	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0
Peruvian	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0
Berber	0	0
Albanian	0	0
Maltese	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Slovenian	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	0
New Brunswicker	10	0
Gujarati	0	0
Eritrean	0	0
African Canadian	15	0
Israeli	0	0
Mohawk	30	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Albertan	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0
Barbadian	0	0
African American	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0
Tunisian	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0
Cuban	0	0
Bosnian	15	0
Venezuelan	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	60	0
Latvian	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Laotian	10	0
Ilocano	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0
British Columbian	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0
Franco Ontarian	65	0
Argentinian	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Fijian	0	0
Jatt	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Thai	0	0
Dominican	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0
Abenaki	55	0
Moldovan	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	0
New Zealander	0	0
Sudanese	0	0
Breton	15	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0
Malaysian	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	85	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0
Buddhist	0	0
Gaspesian	15	0
Norman	55	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0
Ivorian	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0
Burundian	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0
Mauritian	0	0
Kenyan	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	0	0
Jordanian	0	0
Manitoban	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0
Rwandan	0	0
Grenadian	0	0
Malayali	0	0
Chaldean	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0
Mayan	0	0
Honduran	0	0
Cherokee	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0
Flemish	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0
Senegalese	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Sicilian	0	0
Pashtun	0	0
Malay	0	0
Goan	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Azorean	0	0
Atikamekw	35	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0
Yemeni	0	0
Central African	0	0
Libyan	0	0
Basque	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0
Igorot	0	0
Fulani	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	0	0
Beninese	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Roma	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0
Malagasy	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Singaporean	0	0
Karen	0	0
Edo	0	0
Tajik	0	0
Amhara	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,985	840
Buddhist	35	0
Christian	17,540	495
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	985	15
Anabaptist	0	0
Anglican	80	0
Baptist	150	0
Catholic	15,645	470
Christian Orthodox	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	80	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0
Lutheran	70	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	20	0
Presbyterian	0	0
Reformed	0	0
United Church	135	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	365	0
Hindu	10	0
Jewish	0	0
Muslim	15	0
Sikh	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120	0
No religion and secular perspectives	6,255	345
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,795	825
Non-movers	20,990	710
Movers	2,810	115
Non-migrants	800	0
Migrants	2,015	105
Internal migrants	1,985	105
Intraprovincial migrants	1,830	100
Interprovincial migrants	155	0
External migrants	30	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,985	790
Non-movers	14,040	370
Movers	8,945	415
Non-migrants	1,520	40
Migrants	7,425	370
Internal migrants	7,315	370
Intraprovincial migrants	6,920	365
Interprovincial migrants	400	0
External migrants	115	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,790	700
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,490	255
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,295	450
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,555	485
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,305	120
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,250	365
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,790	700
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,530	200
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,130	175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,130	330
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,985	295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,365	170
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,085	80
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,275	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,050	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	565	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,145	35
Bachelor's degree	1,510	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	170	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	0
Master's degree	380	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,555	490
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,625	90
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,760	130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,175	270
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,715	240
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,255	130
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,355	70
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	900	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,165	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,460	25
Bachelor's degree	995	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	0
Master's degree	280	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,790	705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,660	375
Education	830	10
13. Education	830	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	0
50. Visual and performing arts	220	0
Humanities	410	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	0
54. History	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	760	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	185	15
22. Legal professions and studies	135	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0
42. Psychology	105	0
45. Social sciences	225	0
Business, management and public administration	1,975	75
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,830	75
Physical and life sciences and technologies	205	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	270	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220	0
25. Library science	40	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,475	75
04. Architecture and related services	45	0
14. Engineering	135	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	450	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	805	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	655	10
48. Precision production	380	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	15
Health and related fields	1,185	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,095	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,275	45
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	645	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0
43. Security and protective services	255	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,555	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,385	220
Education	490	0
13. Education	490	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	140	0
Humanities	225	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0
54. History	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	545	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	15
22. Legal professions and studies	105	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0
42. Psychology	75	0
45. Social sciences	140	0
Business, management and public administration	1,475	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,360	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	175	0
25. Library science	20	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,780	55
04. Architecture and related services	45	0
14. Engineering	95	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	280	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	595	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	0
48. Precision production	285	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	380	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	20
Health and related fields	865	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	810	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	915	35
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0
43. Security and protective services	190	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,555	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,385	220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,170	270
Location of study inside Canada	6,985	260
Same as province or territory of residence	6,065	220
Different than province or territory of residence	920	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	185	0
Americas	55	0
United States of America	50	0
Mexico	0	0
Cuba	0	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	0	0
Brazil	0	0
Colombia	0	0
Peru	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0
Europe	85	0
Belgium	0	0
France	55	0
Germany	0	0
Netherlands	0	0
Switzerland	0	0
Hungary	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0
Poland	0	0
Romania	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0
Ukraine	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0
Italy	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0
Africa	25	0
Nigeria	0	0
Algeria	0	0
Morocco	0	0
Tunisia	0	0
Egypt	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0
Asia	25	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0
Iraq	0	0
Israel	0	0
Lebanon	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0
Turkey	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0
Taiwan	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
Japan	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0
Philippines	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
India	0	0
Pakistan	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0
Oceania	0	0
Australia	0	0
New Zealand	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	20,790	700
In the labour force	11,050	475
Employed	9,885	455
Unemployed	1,165	15
Not in the labour force	9,740	225
Participation rate	53.2	67.9
Employment rate	47.5	65.0
Unemployment rate	10.5	3.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	20,790	705
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,315	220
Worked	11,480	480
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,630	185
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,850	295
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	38.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,050	475
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,765	475
Employee	8,990	375
Permanent position	7,470	330
Temporary position	1,520	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	400	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,120	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,770	95
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,050	475
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,765	475
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,520	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	510	10
3 Health occupations	770	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,355	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	175	0
6 Sales and service occupations	2,740	85
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,530	170
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	445	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	495	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,050	475
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	0
All industries¹⁹¹	10,765	475
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	375	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	0
22 Utilities	40	0
23 Construction	1,260	75
31-33 Manufacturing	875	10
41 Wholesale trade	195	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,260	50
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	470	75
51 Information and cultural industries	80	0
52 Finance and insurance	245	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	120	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	495	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	570	30
61 Educational services	825	20
62 Health care and social assistance	1,365	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	225	10
72 Accommodation and food services	800	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	565	20
91 Public administration	930	60
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,180	525
English	570	30
French	8,835	365
Non-official language	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0
English and French	2,760	135
English and non-official language(s)	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,180	525
Single responses	11,770	495
Official languages	11,770	495
English	1,035	60
French	10,735	440
Non-official languages	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	0
German	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	0	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	0	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	405	30
English and French	405	30
English and non-official language(s)	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,180	525
None	9,810	420
English	1,890	75
French	470	25
Non-official language	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0
English and French	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,885	460
Worked at home	1,645	85
Worked outside Canada	15	0
No fixed workplace address	1,575	70
Usual place of work	6,660	305
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,655	305
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,575	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,080	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,635	185
Commute to a different province or territory	365	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,230	375
Car, truck or van	7,570	345
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,175	325
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	395	20
Public transit	85	0
Walked	405	15
Bicycle	30	0
Other method	145	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,230	375
Less than 15 minutes	2,315	40
15 to 29 minutes	2,290	60
30 to 44 minutes	1,680	140
45 to 59 minutes	810	45
60 minutes and over	1,130	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,230	375
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	960	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,685	100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,675	120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,310	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	560	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,045	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,860	150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,225	130
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,825	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	470	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	315	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,355	80

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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