Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Maria-Chapdelaine, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,149	...	...
Population, 2016¹	24,793	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,185	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,967	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	35,501.49	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,150	12,295	11,855
0 to 14 years	3,735	1,935	1,800
0 to 4 years	1,055	525	525
5 to 9 years	1,255	680	570
10 to 14 years	1,425	725	705
15 to 64 years	13,985	7,160	6,820
15 to 19 years	1,220	630	590
20 to 24 years	1,000	520	480
25 to 29 years	990	520	470
30 to 34 years	1,075	540	535
35 to 39 years	1,330	675	655
40 to 44 years	1,515	780	735
45 to 49 years	1,180	610	570
50 to 54 years	1,270	655	610
55 to 59 years	2,035	1,030	1,005
60 to 64 years	2,370	1,205	1,165
65 years and over	6,435	3,200	3,240
65 to 69 years	2,100	1,095	1,010
70 to 74 years	1,730	875	855
75 to 79 years	1,155	605	550
80 to 84 years	695	330	370
85 years and over	760	300	460
85 to 89 years	495	195	300
90 to 94 years	170	60	115
95 to 99 years	90	45	45
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	15.7	15.2
15 to 64 years	57.9	58.2	57.5
65 years and over	26.6	26.0	27.3
85 years and over	3.1	2.4	3.9
Average age of the population	46.3	45.9	46.9
Median age of the population	50.0	49.6	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,965	...	...
Single-detached house	7,755	...	...
Semi-detached house	425	...	...
Row house	95	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	865	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,590	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	135	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,965	...	...
1 person	3,765	...	...
2 persons	4,440	...	...
3 persons	1,110	...	...
4 persons	1,060	...	...
5 or more persons	595	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,425	11,995	11,430
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	20,415	10,355	10,060
Married or living common-law	12,435	6,215	6,215
Married	6,990	3,505	3,490
Living common-law	5,445	2,710	2,730
Living common law - Never married	4,200	2,090	2,115
Living common law - Separated	70	30	35
Living common law - Divorced	1,005	530	475
Living common law - Widowed	175	65	115
Not married and not living common-law	7,980	4,140	3,840
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,920	2,930	1,990
Not married and not living common law - Separated	235	125	105
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,410	700	705
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,415	385	1,030
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,000	...	...
2 persons	4,345	...	...
3 persons	1,080	...	...
4 persons	1,040	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,000	...	...
Total couple families	6,115	...	...
Married couples	3,395	...	...
With children⁶	820	...	...
Without children	2,575	...	...
Common-law couples	2,720	...	...
With children⁶	1,435	...	...
Without children	1,290	...	...
Total one-parent families	885	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	605	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	280	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,425	11,995	11,430
Total - Persons in census families	18,940	9,515	9,425
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,235	6,100	6,135
Parents in one-parent families	885	280	605
Children⁶	5,825	3,135	2,685
In a two-parent family	4,395	2,340	2,055
In a one-parent family	1,430	800	630
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,480	2,475	2,000
Living alone	3,765	2,085	1,680
Living with other relatives⁷	340	175	165
Living with non-relatives only	380	220	160
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,970	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,800	...	...
Couple-family households	5,975	...	...
With children⁶	2,185	...	...
Without children	3,790	...	...
One-parent-family households	820	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	65	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	105	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	225	...	...
One-person households	3,765	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,690	10,065	9,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,435	9,945	9,490
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,600	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,440	9,950	9,490
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,945	9,005	7,935
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	37,600	22,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,355	7,275	6,085
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	40,800	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,650	8,215	8,435
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,700	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,635	2,155	1,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,240	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,860	2,600	2,260
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,685	10,065	9,625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,380	9,915	9,465
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	50,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,390	9,920	9,465
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,240	42,000	32,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,950	9,005	7,940
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,920	43,880	29,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,380	7,275	6,105
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,480	44,520	31,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,485	8,105	8,385
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,260	12,880	13,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,760	2,150	1,610
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,080	6,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,730	2,550	2,175
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890	6,620	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,685	10,065	9,620
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,770	3,190	2,575
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	62,000	43,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,900	63,750	48,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,700	3,055	2,645
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,800	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,920	33,960	20,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.2	79.2	66.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0	64.8	55.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.9	20.9	33.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,690	10,060	9,625
Without total income	255	115	140
With total income	19,435	9,945	9,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,325	475	850
$10,000 to $19,999	2,795	930	1,865
$20,000 to $29,999	3,525	1,550	1,975
$30,000 to $39,999	2,705	1,225	1,480
$40,000 to $49,999	2,525	1,360	1,170
$50,000 to $59,999	1,975	1,155	820
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	1,015	450
$70,000 to $79,999	1,025	755	275
$80,000 to $89,999	725	495	230
$90,000 to $99,999	470	320	150
$100,000 and over	900	670	230
$100,000 to $149,999	725	540	180
$150,000 and over	175	130	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,690	10,060	9,625
Without after-tax income	250	115	135
With after-tax income	19,440	9,945	9,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,425	500	925
$10,000 to $19,999	2,900	985	1,920
$20,000 to $29,999	4,075	1,785	2,290
$30,000 to $39,999	3,360	1,705	1,650
$40,000 to $49,999	2,910	1,695	1,210
$50,000 to $59,999	2,085	1,430	660
$60,000 to $69,999	1,155	795	365
$70,000 to $79,999	725	475	250
$80,000 to $89,999	345	245	100
$90,000 to $99,999	180	130	50
$100,000 and over	275	200	70
$100,000 to $124,999	160	120	35
$125,000 and over	110	80	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,690	10,060	9,625
Without employment income	6,330	2,785	3,545
With employment income	13,360	7,275	6,085
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,730	870	855
$5,000 to $9,999	1,165	455	715
$10,000 to $19,999	1,835	795	1,045
$20,000 to $29,999	1,670	745	925
$30,000 to $39,999	1,510	730	780
$40,000 to $49,999	1,330	720	615
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	695	370
$60,000 to $69,999	900	680	225
$70,000 to $79,999	650	505	150
$80,000 to $89,999	565	355	205
$90,000 to $99,999	330	250	80
$100,000 and over	615	485	130
$100,000 to $124,999	380	300	80
$125,000 and over	235	185	50
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,690	10,065	9,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,235	9,850	9,385
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,400	26,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,245	9,855	9,400
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	25,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,815	8,945	7,870
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	39,200	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,610	7,375	6,235
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	41,600	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,445	7,495	7,945
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,400	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,800	2,275	1,520
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,000	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,685	10,065	9,625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,175	9,815	9,360
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,560	33,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,185	9,815	9,370
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,640	41,240	29,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,900	8,975	7,925
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,440	45,080	28,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,645	7,390	6,255
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,440	45,000	30,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,350	7,435	7,915
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,130	11,000	11,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,810	2,265	1,550
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,060	7,040	7,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,685	10,065	9,620
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,775	3,200	2,570
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	59,200	40,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,200	61,600	44,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,475	2,965	2,510
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	31,000	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	38,040	23,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8	83.2	71.8
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.4	60.6
Government transfers (%)	21.3	16.8	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,965	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,205	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,965	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,790	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,180	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,965	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	890	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	445	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	680	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	595	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	535	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	965	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	715	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,940	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,220	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	695	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	715	...	...
$200,000 and over	315	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,965	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	935	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	535	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	555	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	585	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,040	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	725	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	630	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,925	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	965	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	530	...	...
$150,000 and over	430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,050	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,795	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	875	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,145	2,305	1,840
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	40,800	27,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	36,000	26,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,040	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,790	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,280	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	845	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,125	2,355	1,775
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,920	44,840	33,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,680	30,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,425	11,995	11,430
0 to 17 years	4,475	2,335	2,140
0 to 5 years	1,300	660	635
18 to 64 years	13,190	6,735	6,450
65 years and over	5,760	2,930	2,835
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,160	1,455	1,705
0 to 17 years	360	200	165
0 to 5 years	120	60	60
18 to 64 years	1,190	570	620
65 years and over	1,610	685	925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.1	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.4	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.8	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.6
65 years and over (%)	28.0	23.5	32.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,420	11,995	11,430
0 to 17 years	4,475	2,335	2,145
0 to 5 years	1,295	660	635
18 to 64 years	13,185	6,735	6,455
65 years and over	5,765	2,930	2,835
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	540	275	260
0 to 17 years	70	45	30
0 to 5 years	30	20	15
18 to 64 years	395	205	190
65 years and over	65	25	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.9	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	3.0	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,425	11,995	11,430
In bottom half of the distribution	14,670	7,360	7,305
In bottom decile	2,425	1,095	1,325
In second decile	3,005	1,470	1,535
In third decile	3,105	1,605	1,500
In fourth decile	3,140	1,600	1,540
In fifth decile	2,990	1,585	1,400
In top half of the distribution	8,760	4,635	4,120
In sixth decile	2,545	1,355	1,190
In seventh decile	2,445	1,300	1,150
In eighth decile	1,870	995	880
In ninth decile	1,280	665	615
In top decile	610	330	290
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.276	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,860	12,135	11,720
English only	15	5	10
French only	20,205	10,035	10,170
English and French	3,625	2,090	1,540
Neither English nor French	15	15	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,860	12,135	11,720
English	75	30	40
French	23,755	12,090	11,665
English and French	20	10	15
Neither English nor French	10	10	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,860	12,135	11,720
Single responses	23,780	12,095	11,680
Official languages	23,705	12,050	11,655
English	80	35	45
French	23,625	12,015	11,610
Non-official languages	75	50	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	45	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	20	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	20	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	40	35
English and French	65	35	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,860	12,135	11,720
English	35	15	20
French	23,470	11,920	11,550
Non-official language	20	15	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	5
English and French	245	140	105
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,860	12,135	11,720
Single responses	23,795	12,105	11,690
Official languages	23,760	12,080	11,685
English	50	25	30
French	23,710	12,055	11,655
Non-official languages	35	25	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	20	5
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	35	30
English and French	50	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,860	12,140	11,720
None	23,590	11,985	11,605
English	190	110	75
French	25	15	10
Non-official language	30	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,430	12,010	11,415
Official languages	23,405	11,990	11,415
English	3,590	1,970	1,620
French	23,390	11,990	11,395
Non-official languages	450	200	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	200	240
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	350	145	205
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	135	175
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	305	135	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,430	12,015	11,415
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,450	765	685
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,390	735	650
First Nations (North American Indian)	535	280	255
Métis	835	445	390
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous identity	21,975	11,245	10,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,430	12,015	11,415
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	150	165
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,115	11,865	11,245
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,970	...	...
Owner	8,090	...	...
Renter	2,875	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,970	...	...
Condominium	590	...	...
Not condominium	10,380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,970	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...
1 bedroom	885	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,975	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,490	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,565	...	...
5 rooms	1,770	...	...
6 rooms	1,470	...	...
7 rooms	1,585	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,575	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,940	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,970	...	...
Suitable	10,860	...	...
Not suitable	105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,970	...	...
1960 or before	2,970	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,980	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,670	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,120	...	...
2001 to 2005	355	...	...
2006 to 2010	305	...	...
2011 to 2015	300	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,435	...	...
Major repairs needed	535	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,970	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,220	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	80	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,085	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,700	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,420	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,705	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,375	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,120	...	...
85 years and over	275	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,795	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,945	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	850	...	...
30% to less than 100%	780	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,970	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	755	...	...
Not suitable only	85	...	...
Major repairs needed only	435	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,725	...	...
In core need	275	...	...
Not in core need	10,450	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	791	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	161,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	504	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	533	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,425	12,010	11,415
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,450	755	695
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,420	740	680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,035	535	500
Métis single ancestry	370	200	170
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	950	490	455
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	930	485	445
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	710	375	335
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	110	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,025	10,765	10,265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,425	12,010	11,415
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,225	11,885	11,340
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,495	2,340	2,150
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,735	9,545	9,185
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	200	130	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,425	12,010	11,415
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,120	11,835	11,285
Immigrants⁸¹	190	95	100
Before 1980	25	10	10
1980 to 1990	15	10	10
1991 to 2000	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	55	35	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	85	30	50
2011 to 2015	40	10	30
2016 to 2021	40	20	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	115	85	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	190	90	100
Under 5 years	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	20	0	20
15 to 24 years	45	25	25
25 to 44 years	75	45	25
45 years and over	25	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	190	90	100
Americas	30	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	115	50	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	70	35	30
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	15
Africa	45	30	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	10
Asia	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	25	20
Americas	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10
France	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,430	12,015	11,415
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	190	150
Second generation¹⁰¹	290	180	110
Third generation or more¹⁰²	22,800	11,645	11,155
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	165	75	90
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	75	35	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	40	35	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	0	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	80	30	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	165	75	90
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	20	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	115	40	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,430	12,015	11,415
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	250	135	115
South Asian	15	0	15
Chinese	20	0	15
Black	125	85	35
Filipino	0	0	0
Arab	25	10	10
Latin American	35	20	15
Southeast Asian	10	10	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,180	11,875	11,305
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,425	12,010	11,415
Canadian	9,865	5,070	4,795
English	100	70	35
Irish	365	190	170
Scottish	170	85	90
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,915	2,600	2,320
German	110	55	55
Chinese	25	10	20
Italian	80	35	40
Indian (India)	15	0	15
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Québécois	3,615	1,790	1,820
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0
French Canadian	2,210	1,110	1,100
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	505	265	240
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	600	310	295
Métis	630	330	305
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	245	140	105
Russian	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	20
American	90	50	40
Spanish	25	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Acadian	240	110	130
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10
Jewish	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	15	10
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	10	20
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	0
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	205	150
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	245	125
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	40	30	10
Haitian	15	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	25	0	20
Finnish	20	10	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	90	125
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	210	100	110
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	20	15	10
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	245	125	120
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	20	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	15	10	10
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	15	0	15
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	85	45	45
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0
Norman	25	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	50	20	30
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,430	12,015	11,415
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	20,130	10,160	9,965
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,365	675	695
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	15	10	0
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	18,535	9,365	9,165
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	80	35	55
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	35	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	75	40	35
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	30	20	10
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	45	25
No religion and secular perspectives	3,180	1,775	1,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,250	11,935	11,315
Non-movers	21,225	10,920	10,305
Movers	2,020	1,015	1,005
Non-migrants	1,205	615	595
Migrants	815	405	415
Internal migrants	745	350	395
Intraprovincial migrants	685	325	360
Interprovincial migrants	60	25	35
External migrants	75	50	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,365	11,520	10,850
Non-movers	15,810	8,195	7,625
Movers	6,550	3,325	3,230
Non-migrants	3,035	1,470	1,570
Migrants	3,510	1,855	1,655
Internal migrants	3,415	1,795	1,620
Intraprovincial migrants	3,335	1,760	1,575
Interprovincial migrants	80	35	45
External migrants	95	60	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,685	10,065	9,620
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,845	3,305	2,540
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,840	6,760	7,080
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,735	6,035	5,705
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,575	1,540	1,035
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,165	4,495	4,670
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,685	10,060	9,620
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,015	2,650	2,365
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,945	1,725	2,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,725	5,690	5,035
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,900	4,985	3,910
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,480	3,585	1,900
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,170	2,490	1,680
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,315	1,095	215
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,885	1,250	1,630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	145	385
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,825	705	1,125
Bachelor's degree	1,435	520	915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	70	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	10	25
Master's degree	185	105	80
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,735	6,030	5,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,010	1,095	915
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,760	815	945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,965	4,120	3,845
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,570	3,655	2,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,260	2,705	1,560
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,240	1,845	1,390
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,020	855	165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,010	870	1,140
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	80	220
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,395	465	930
Bachelor's degree	1,085	335	745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	50	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	10	25
Master's degree	135	65	65
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,685	10,060	9,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,960	4,370	4,585
Education	970	245	725
13. Education	970	245	725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	55	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	100	40	55
Humanities	180	60	115
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	25	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10
54. History	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	475	90	390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	10	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	0	210
22. Legal professions and studies	70	25	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20
42. Psychology	50	10	45
45. Social sciences	60	30	35
Business, management and public administration	1,965	515	1,450
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	0	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,855	510	1,345
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	75	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25
40. Physical sciences	35	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	85	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	75	25
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,830	2,640	195
04. Architecture and related services	50	25	30
14. Engineering	90	60	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	530	475	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	655	620	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885	850	35
48. Precision production	630	615	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,180	950	235
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	170	120
03. Natural resources and conservation	885	780	110
Health and related fields	1,385	150	1,230
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	25	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,305	120	1,180
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,355	810	540
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	630	180	450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	130	95	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	590	535	60
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,740	6,035	5,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,775	1,910	1,860
Education	595	115	475
13. Education	595	115	475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	35	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	70	20	45
Humanities	95	20	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	15	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375	60	315
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	10	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	0	180
22. Legal professions and studies	55	20	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	45	15	35
45. Social sciences	40	15	30
Business, management and public administration	1,510	355	1,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	85	0	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,425	350	1,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	80	55	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	55	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	50	25
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,095	1,940	155
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	20
14. Engineering	80	55	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	375	335	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	495	460	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	640	25
48. Precision production	445	430	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	915	725	195
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	205	115	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	715	610	105
Health and related fields	1,065	125	940
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	20	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,005	100	900
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	635	425
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	130	355
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	100	75	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	430	45
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,740	6,035	5,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,775	1,910	1,860
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,960	4,120	3,845
Location of study inside Canada	7,855	4,060	3,795
Same as province or territory of residence	7,795	4,035	3,760
Different than province or territory of residence	60	25	35
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	105	60	45
Americas	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	45	35
Belgium	0	0	0
France	60	45	15
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,685	10,065	9,620
In the labour force	11,495	6,255	5,245
Employed	10,710	5,815	4,890
Unemployed	790	435	350
Not in the labour force	8,190	3,810	4,380
Participation rate	58.4	62.1	54.5
Employment rate	54.4	57.8	50.8
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.0	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,685	10,060	9,620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,930	3,640	4,295
Worked	11,750	6,425	5,330
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,880	3,260	2,620
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,875	3,165	2,710
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,495	6,250	5,240
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	105	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,280	6,145	5,135
Employee	9,900	5,250	4,645
Permanent position	7,735	4,060	3,680
Temporary position	2,160	1,195	970
Fixed term (1 year or more)	540	295	250
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,620	900	715
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,380	900	485
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,495	6,250	5,240
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	105	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,280	6,145	5,135
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	165	105	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,255	285	970
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	480	375	105
3 Health occupations	960	95	865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,075	235	835
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135	40	90
6 Sales and service occupations	2,880	1,165	1,715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,565	2,355	215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,005	845	160
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	760	640	120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,495	6,250	5,240
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	105	110
All industries¹⁹¹	11,280	6,145	5,135
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,480	1,155	325
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	145	10
22 Utilities	25	25	0
23 Construction	880	765	120
31-33 Manufacturing	1,405	1,150	255
41 Wholesale trade	280	215	65
44-45 Retail trade	1,530	645	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	550	370	185
51 Information and cultural industries	45	15	35
52 Finance and insurance	270	60	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	120	70	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	300	140	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	210	110	95
61 Educational services	710	190	525
62 Health care and social assistance	1,480	225	1,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	115	65	55
72 Accommodation and food services	655	240	420
81 Other services (except public administration)	660	345	320
91 Public administration	400	225	180
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,600	6,825	5,780
English	65	20	45
French	12,025	6,470	5,555
Non-official language	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0
English and French	460	305	155
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,600	6,825	5,780
Single responses	12,530	6,770	5,765
Official languages	12,510	6,750	5,760
English	110	40	65
French	12,395	6,705	5,695
Non-official languages	25	15	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	55	15
English and French	60	50	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,600	6,825	5,780
None	12,175	6,565	5,610
English	360	240	120
French	50	20	30
Non-official language	15	0	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,710	5,820	4,890
Worked at home	965	460	505
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,575	1,285	290
Usual place of work	8,165	4,070	4,095
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,160	4,070	4,095
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,770	2,270	2,500
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,905	855	1,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,480	940	540
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,735	5,350	4,385
Car, truck or van	8,810	4,845	3,970
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,345	4,580	3,765
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	460	260	195
Public transit	25	10	10
Walked	665	345	320
Bicycle	35	30	0
Other method	200	125	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,735	5,350	4,385
Less than 15 minutes	5,155	2,550	2,605
15 to 29 minutes	2,165	1,125	1,040
30 to 44 minutes	1,150	650	505
45 to 59 minutes	465	310	165
60 minutes and over	800	725	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,735	5,350	4,385
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	745	560	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,495	1,095	395
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,565	1,735	1,830
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,820	740	1,080
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	585	210	375
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,525	1,010	520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,565	2,380	2,185
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	330	180	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,230	2,195	2,035
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,430	1,810	1,620
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	130	110
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	80	55
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100	50	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,190	1,680	1,515

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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