Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prescott and Russell, United counties (UC)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	95,639	...	...
Population, 2016¹	89,333	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,616	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,338	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	47.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,004.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,640	47,350	48,290
0 to 14 years	16,105	8,230	7,875
0 to 4 years	5,025	2,615	2,410
5 to 9 years	5,540	2,765	2,780
10 to 14 years	5,540	2,850	2,690
15 to 64 years	60,395	30,120	30,270
15 to 19 years	4,900	2,545	2,355
20 to 24 years	4,215	2,205	2,015
25 to 29 years	5,200	2,600	2,600
30 to 34 years	6,115	3,000	3,110
35 to 39 years	6,060	3,050	3,010
40 to 44 years	5,660	2,800	2,860
45 to 49 years	5,940	2,855	3,085
50 to 54 years	6,395	3,155	3,240
55 to 59 years	8,205	4,105	4,095
60 to 64 years	7,705	3,810	3,890
65 years and over	19,135	8,995	10,140
65 to 69 years	6,520	3,190	3,330
70 to 74 years	5,190	2,535	2,655
75 to 79 years	3,590	1,700	1,890
80 to 84 years	2,030	920	1,110
85 years and over	1,805	650	1,155
85 to 89 years	1,155	460	695
90 to 94 years	495	160	335
95 to 99 years	135	30	110
100 years and over	20	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.3
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.6	62.7
65 years and over	20.0	19.0	21.0
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.4
Average age of the population	42.9	42.2	43.7
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,335	...	...
Single-detached house	27,765	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,530	...	...
Row house	1,220	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,840	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,565	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	245	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,340	...	...
1 person	9,275	...	...
2 persons	15,055	...	...
3 persons	5,780	...	...
4 persons	5,420	...	...
5 or more persons	2,805	...	...
Number of persons in private households	93,720	46,635	47,085
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	79,530	39,115	40,415
Married or living common-law	50,645	25,250	25,395
Married	37,355	18,635	18,715
Living common-law	13,295	6,615	6,680
Living common law - Never married	9,365	4,670	4,700
Living common law - Separated	620	335	285
Living common law - Divorced	2,820	1,410	1,405
Living common law - Widowed	490	205	285
Not married and not living common-law	28,885	13,865	15,020
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,040	9,950	8,095
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,220	1,025	1,200
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,250	1,845	2,405
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,370	1,050	3,325
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,720	...	...
2 persons	15,770	...	...
3 persons	5,660	...	...
4 persons	5,170	...	...
5 or more persons	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,720	...	...
Total couple families	24,965	...	...
Married couples	18,325	...	...
With children⁶	8,460	...	...
Without children	9,870	...	...
Common-law couples	6,640	...	...
With children⁶	2,930	...	...
Without children	3,710	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,755	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,715	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,045	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	93,720	46,635	47,085
Total - Persons in census families	80,510	40,300	40,215
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,930	24,895	25,035
Parents in one-parent families	3,755	1,040	2,715
Children⁶	26,830	14,365	12,465
In a two-parent family	20,980	11,170	9,805
In a one-parent family	5,850	3,195	2,655
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,205	6,340	6,870
Living alone	9,275	4,355	4,920
Living with other relatives⁷	1,710	725	985
Living with non-relatives only	2,225	1,260	965
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,340	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,930	...	...
Couple-family households	22,955	...	...
With children⁶	10,495	...	...
Without children	12,460	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,975	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,025	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010	...	...
One-person households	9,275	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,580	37,345	38,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	52,800	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,620	37,370	38,255
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,430	34,460	33,970
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,625	28,855	26,765
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,450	33,010	34,435
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,900	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,675	3,205	3,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,495	8,845	8,645
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,555	37,335	38,225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750	60,450	49,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,615	37,360	38,255
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,080	50,160	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,205	34,440	33,765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	56,500	43,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,625	28,850	26,775
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	55,350	45,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,570	33,130	34,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,440	9,410	11,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,925	3,265	3,655
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	5,645	8,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,545	8,795	8,750
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	7,840	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,305	16,860	13,440
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	69,500	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	75,100	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,535	8,580	9,955
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,880	31,600	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	70.8	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	13.8	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.5	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.1	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	77,620	38,410	39,205
Without total income	2,040	1,065	980
With total income	75,575	37,350	38,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,700	1,980	2,725
$10,000 to $19,999	8,415	3,415	4,995
$20,000 to $29,999	10,000	4,315	5,685
$30,000 to $39,999	8,485	3,910	4,575
$40,000 to $49,999	8,340	3,960	4,375
$50,000 to $59,999	7,530	3,630	3,895
$60,000 to $69,999	6,750	3,535	3,215
$70,000 to $79,999	5,395	3,005	2,395
$80,000 to $89,999	4,240	2,455	1,790
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	1,845	1,400
$100,000 and over	8,475	5,290	3,180
$100,000 to $149,999	6,770	4,040	2,725
$150,000 and over	1,700	1,245	455
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	77,620	38,410	39,205
Without after-tax income	2,000	1,045	950
With after-tax income	75,625	37,370	38,250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,100	2,115	2,985
$10,000 to $19,999	8,745	3,580	5,165
$20,000 to $29,999	11,410	4,960	6,445
$30,000 to $39,999	10,545	4,970	5,575
$40,000 to $49,999	10,110	4,915	5,195
$50,000 to $59,999	8,975	4,755	4,225
$60,000 to $69,999	6,685	3,685	3,005
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	2,810	2,115
$80,000 to $89,999	3,810	2,045	1,765
$90,000 to $99,999	2,120	1,300	820
$100,000 and over	3,195	2,235	960
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	1,375	645
$125,000 and over	1,180	860	320
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	77,620	38,410	39,205
Without employment income	21,995	9,555	12,440
With employment income	55,625	28,860	26,770
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,060	3,485	3,575
$5,000 to $9,999	3,705	1,610	2,090
$10,000 to $19,999	5,680	2,625	3,055
$20,000 to $29,999	4,425	2,060	2,360
$30,000 to $39,999	4,570	2,185	2,385
$40,000 to $49,999	4,860	2,405	2,460
$50,000 to $59,999	4,790	2,430	2,355
$60,000 to $69,999	4,600	2,500	2,100
$70,000 to $79,999	3,740	2,155	1,590
$80,000 to $89,999	3,245	1,895	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	1,510	1,175
$100,000 and over	6,270	3,995	2,275
$100,000 to $124,999	3,930	2,335	1,600
$125,000 and over	2,340	1,660	680
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,565	36,790	37,780
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,610	36,790	37,820
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,605	34,025	33,580
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,600	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,915	28,860	27,055
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,175	31,350	32,820
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	1,700	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,450	3,085	3,365
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,120	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,510	36,765	37,750
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	58,450	46,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,540	36,765	37,775
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	48,520	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,500	33,965	33,540
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,850	43,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,090	28,860	27,230
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	55,350	44,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,215	31,285	32,935
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	6,960	8,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,610	3,180	3,430
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,075	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	77,620	38,410	39,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,225	16,785	13,440
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	67,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	72,100	64,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,540	8,075	9,470
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	29,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	37,520	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	89.8	83.8
Employment income (%)	72.0	74.4	69.2
Government transfers (%)	12.8	10.1	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,340	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,275	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,065	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,340	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,275	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,340	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,035	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,265	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,250	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,425	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,265	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,100	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,070	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,725	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,340	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	720	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,350	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,310	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,475	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,475	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,925	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,945	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,470	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,710	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,195	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,345	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,615	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,490	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,505	5,610	5,890
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,800	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,305	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,590	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,510	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,455	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,500	5,690	5,810
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,520	52,400	46,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	42,800	40,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	93,720	46,635	47,085
0 to 17 years	19,195	9,850	9,345
0 to 5 years	6,135	3,160	2,975
18 to 64 years	56,870	28,240	28,630
65 years and over	17,660	8,550	9,110
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,245	3,395	3,845
0 to 17 years	1,350	700	650
0 to 5 years	460	235	230
18 to 64 years	3,625	1,795	1,825
65 years and over	2,265	900	1,365
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.7	7.3	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	7.1	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.5	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,720	46,635	47,085
0 to 17 years	19,195	9,845	9,350
0 to 5 years	6,130	3,160	2,975
18 to 64 years	56,865	28,235	28,625
65 years and over	17,660	8,550	9,110
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,640	895	750
0 to 17 years	245	115	135
0 to 5 years	75	40	40
18 to 64 years	1,220	700	520
65 years and over	170	70	100
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.5	1.8
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	93,720	46,635	47,085
In bottom half of the distribution	38,530	18,690	19,840
In bottom decile	6,090	2,920	3,170
In second decile	7,315	3,445	3,865
In third decile	7,865	3,815	4,050
In fourth decile	8,140	3,995	4,145
In fifth decile	9,115	4,510	4,605
In top half of the distribution	55,190	27,945	27,250
In sixth decile	10,085	5,035	5,055
In seventh decile	10,935	5,465	5,470
In eighth decile	12,050	6,175	5,875
In ninth decile	12,925	6,580	6,350
In top decile	9,195	4,690	4,505
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	93,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,690	46,930	47,755
English only	23,020	12,040	10,975
French only	9,155	4,245	4,905
English and French	62,365	30,560	31,800
Neither English nor French	150	80	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,690	46,930	47,755
English	37,045	18,765	18,280
French	56,055	27,390	28,665
English and French	1,450	700	745
Neither English nor French	135	75	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,690	46,930	47,755
Single responses	90,450	44,860	45,585
Official languages	86,870	43,065	43,800
English	32,205	16,360	15,845
French	54,665	26,710	27,950
Non-official languages	3,585	1,795	1,790
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,570	1,790	1,785
Afro-Asiatic languages	385	220	165
Berber languages	15	10	10
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	365	210	155
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	355	200	155
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	30	95
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	30	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	150	65	85
Haitian Creole	115	55	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	5	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	45	40
Kannada	15	10	5
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	40	25	20
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,295	1,185	1,110
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	430	210	220
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	420	210	220
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	15	5
Czech	30	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	55	60
Russian	155	70	80
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	45	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	730	370	365
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	510	255	250
German	355	175	180
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	155	85	70
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	105	100
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	190	95	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10
Danish	10	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	70	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages	300	150	145
Indo-Aryan languages	240	120	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	25	25
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	30	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	55	20	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	45	25	20
Dari	15	5	5
Iranian Persian	30	20	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	405	335
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	180	115	70
Portuguese	135	75	65
Romanian	55	25	30
Spanish	370	195	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	20
Korean	40	15	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	75
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5
Lingala	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10
American Sign Language	15	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	45	90
Chinese languages	135	45	90
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	25	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	30	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	40	25	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	40	30
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	60	35	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,235	2,065	2,170
English and French	3,590	1,740	1,845
English and non-official language(s)	365	180	190
French and non-official language(s)	140	75	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	55
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,690	46,930	47,755
English	34,085	17,390	16,695
French	42,135	20,610	21,525
Non-official language	545	285	260
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	550	285	265
English and French	14,920	7,160	7,755
English and non-official language(s)	1,855	925	925
French and non-official language(s)	310	145	165
English, French and non-official language(s)	810	385	425
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,690	46,930	47,755
Single responses	90,370	44,885	45,485
Official languages	89,140	44,255	44,885
English	40,460	20,500	19,960
French	48,680	23,755	24,925
Non-official languages	1,230	635	600
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,230	635	590
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55
Berber languages	10	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	60	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	110	55	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	70	35	35
Haitian Creole	50	25	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	740	390	350
Albanian	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	75	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	150	75	70
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5
Russian	85	45	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	175	95	80
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	150	80	75
German	80	45	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	75	35	35
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	170	80	90
Indo-Aryan languages	145	70	80
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	35	15	20
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	10	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	120	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	5
Portuguese	25	15	10
Romanian	20	15	10
Spanish	160	90	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	10	20
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	30
Chinese languages	50	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,315	2,040	2,275
English and French	3,705	1,755	1,945
English and non-official language(s)	410	195	215
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,685	46,930	47,755
None	80,865	40,225	40,640
English	6,685	3,230	3,455
French	5,195	2,520	2,675
Non-official language	1,185	590	600
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10
Non-Indigenous	1,170	580	585
English and French	80	40	40
English and non-official language(s)	240	120	125
French and non-official language(s)	305	145	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	93,720	46,635	47,085
Official languages	93,560	46,565	46,990
English	84,815	42,505	42,310
French	70,620	34,600	36,015
Non-official languages	6,815	3,255	3,555
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	10	35
Algonquian languages	15	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,770	3,250	3,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	660	345	315
Berber languages	45	20	25
Kabyle	10	0	0
Tamazight	25	10	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	15	10	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	640	320	310
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	620	320	305
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	10	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	10	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	240	60	180
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Cebuano	25	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	50	180
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	410	220	190
Haitian Creole	345	180	170
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	10	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Dravidian languages	135	75	60
Kannada	35	15	15
Malayalam	45	25	15
Tamil	55	25	30
Telugu	35	20	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,475	2,165	2,310
Albanian	35	20	10
Armenian	20	0	15
Balto-Slavic languages	570	265	300
Baltic languages	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0
Slavic languages	555	265	295
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10
Czech	45	30	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	155	65	100
Russian	230	110	120
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	95	40	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	30	20	10
Serbian	60	20	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	45	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	20	10
Irish	25	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,135	615	520
Frisian	10	10	0
High German languages	870	470	405
German	695	375	325
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	120	95
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	145	135
Afrikaans	30	15	15
Dutch	245	130	115
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	25	10
Danish	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	130	65	75
Indo-Iranian languages	445	220	225
Indo-Aryan languages	380	180	200
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	30	25
Gujarati	50	25	25
Hindi	195	95	95
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	35	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	110	40	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	45	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0
Persian languages	70	35	30
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	35	25	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,360	1,065	1,295
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	515	260	255
Portuguese	235	100	135
Romanian	75	40	35
Spanish	1,715	755	960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	30
Korean	65	20	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	375	215	165
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	10
Lingala	65	40	20
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0
Mòoré	10	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	45	30
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	175	110	65
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	20	20	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	150	50	100
American Sign Language	70	30	40
Quebec Sign Language	75	25	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	70	115
Chinese languages	185	70	115
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	135	45	90
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	25	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	65	35	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Uralic languages	100	45	55
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10
Hungarian	85	45	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,720	46,635	47,085
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,105	1,975	2,130
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,895	1,865	2,035
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,995	925	1,070
Métis	1,820	900	925
Inuk (Inuit)	80	45	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	60	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	55	40
Non-Indigenous identity	89,615	44,655	44,960
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,720	46,635	47,085
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	730	380	350
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,990	46,260	46,730
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,340	...	...
Owner	29,640	...	...
Renter	8,700	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,340	...	...
Condominium	2,595	...	...
Not condominium	35,740	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,340	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	2,875	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,365	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,475	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,405	...	...
5 rooms	5,955	...	...
6 rooms	6,465	...	...
7 rooms	5,705	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,810	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,100	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,340	...	...
Suitable	37,475	...	...
Not suitable	865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,340	...	...
1960 or before	6,630	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,415	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,370	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,195	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,765	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,020	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,730	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,235	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,340	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,135	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,205	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,005	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,340	...	...
15 to 24 years	655	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,920	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,090	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,820	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,915	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,650	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,425	...	...
85 years and over	870	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,705	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,085	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,625	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,340	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,015	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,035	...	...
Not suitable only	690	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,590	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,325	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,375	...	...
In core need	2,290	...	...
Not in core need	35,080	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,115	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,412	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	450,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,645	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,035	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	93,720	46,635	47,085
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,110	1,050	1,055
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,070	1,035	1,035
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,540	755	785
Métis single ancestry	490	255	235
Inuit single ancestry	40	20	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,405	2,545	2,855
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,265	2,515	2,755
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,090	1,975	2,115
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150	530	620
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	35	105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	30	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	86,200	43,030	43,175
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	93,720	46,635	47,085
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,145	45,870	46,275
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,980	9,655	9,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,170	36,215	36,950
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,575	770	805
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	93,720	46,635	47,085
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	88,150	43,835	44,315
Immigrants⁸¹	5,335	2,665	2,670
Before 1980	1,430	735	695
1980 to 1990	765	370	395
1991 to 2000	830	450	375
2001 to 2010	1,070	565	505
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,235	540	695
2011 to 2015	585	250	335
2016 to 2021	650	290	360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	230	135	100
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,335	2,660	2,670
Under 5 years	665	355	310
5 to 14 years	1,120	570	550
15 to 24 years	1,045	480	565
25 to 44 years	2,095	1,030	1,070
45 years and over	410	230	180
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,335	2,660	2,670
Americas	1,200	580	620
Brazil	40	20	25
Colombia	50	20	30
El Salvador	25	10	15
Guyana	70	30	40
Haiti	290	140	150
Jamaica	65	20	45
Mexico	55	25	35
Peru	25	15	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	20
United States of America	315	155	165
Other places of birth in Americas	215	130	90
Europe	2,260	1,210	1,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20
Croatia	15	0	10
France	200	115	85
Germany	260	130	130
Greece	40	15	25
Hungary	35	20	15
Italy	80	50	25
Netherlands	160	100	60
Poland	75	20	60
Portugal	85	50	35
Romania	75	30	45
Russian Federation	45	25	15
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	15
Ukraine	35	25	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	655	365	290
Other places of birth in Europe	455	240	220
Africa	750	400	355
Algeria	60	30	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	65	40
Egypt	50	30	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	80	35	40
Nigeria	65	30	35
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	30	10
Other places of birth in Africa	345	175	165
Asia	1,090	460	630
Afghanistan	20	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	25
Iraq	20	15	10
Lebanon	120	65	55
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0
Turkey	50	25	25
China⁹⁰	125	30	90
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	205	40	160
Viet Nam	30	10	20
Bangladesh	20	15	10
India	175	95	85
Pakistan	60	35	30
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	85	75
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	15	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	650	290	360
Americas	185	90	95
Brazil	20	10	15
Colombia	25	0	15
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10
United States of America	50	20	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	40	25
Europe	75	30	45
France	15	0	10
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	130	70	65
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	0
Nigeria	35	20	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	255	95	160
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	100	50	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	10	10
Philippines	40	10	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	30	10	20
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	93,720	46,635	47,085
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,185	3,125	3,060
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,675	3,810	3,870
Third generation or more¹⁰²	79,855	39,700	40,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,905	1,925	1,980
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,885	975	910
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	770	470	305
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,115	505	605
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,390	625	765
Refugees¹⁰⁸	555	300	255
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	25	50
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,905	1,925	1,980
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	320	160	155
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	265	295
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	95	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	85	65
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,715	1,315	1,405
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	93,720	46,635	47,085
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,830	2,325	2,505
South Asian	635	325	315
Chinese	355	135	220
Black	1,900	1,000	900
Filipino	370	140	235
Arab	605	280	325
Latin American	335	170	175
Southeast Asian	110	55	55
West Asian	90	35	55
Korean	60	30	35
Japanese	55	35	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	30
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	140
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,890	44,305	44,585
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	93,720	46,635	47,085
Canadian	28,075	13,785	14,285
English	9,290	4,510	4,780
Irish	13,695	6,610	7,085
Scottish	10,110	5,045	5,060
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,220	12,515	12,700
German	4,745	2,365	2,380
Chinese	430	165	265
Italian	2,185	1,095	1,090
Indian (India)	530	220	310
Ukrainian	1,225	615	610
Dutch	2,065	1,025	1,035
Polish	1,400	680	720
Québécois	1,475	705	760
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,815	890	920
Filipino	370	135	235
French Canadian	8,890	4,405	4,485
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,335	2,225	2,105
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,605	1,215	1,395
Métis	1,800	835	965
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,455	665	790
Russian	390	200	195
Norwegian	310	150	155
Welsh	700	350	350
Portuguese	560	260	305
American	685	350	335
Spanish	600	245	360
Swedish	225	105	115
Hungarian	420	200	215
Acadian	900	435	460
Pakistani	120	70	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395	180	220
Jewish	150	80	70
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	90	100
Greek	290	150	135
Jamaican	265	105	160
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	200	75	125
Korean	55	20	30
Romanian	205	115	85
Lebanese	535	285	245
Iranian	55	15	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680	350	330
Danish	190	90	100
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	770	365	405
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	310	170	140
Belgian	485	280	200
Haitian	435	225	215
Hindu	100	60	40
Mexican	140	55	85
Mennonite	20	10	10
Swiss	615	305	305
Finnish	190	95	95
Sri Lankan	30	20	10
Croatian	75	40	30
Japanese	75	35	40
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	10	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	485	245	240
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	70	60
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	125	65	60
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	65	50
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	80	40	35
Colombian	55	30	25
Moroccan	85	50	35
Czech	120	55	60
Syrian	100	60	40
Guyanese	105	35	65
Afghan	35	15	25
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	55	45
Serbian	90	45	45
Ojibway	110	50	60
Newfoundlander	150	55	90
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	1,610	840	775
Persian	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	40	50
Turkish	90	40	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	35	50
Bangladeshi	30	10	15
Algerian	60	25	35
Brazilian	45	25	20
Nigerian	45	25	15
Armenian	65	15	45
Slovak	65	25	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	55	65
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	15	15	0
Salvadorean	45	25	15
African Caribbean	35	10	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	15	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	15	30
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	25
Algonquin	845	435	410
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	20
Lithuanian	75	30	45
South African	60	45	15
Australian	40	20	15
Palestinian	25	10	15
Chilean	40	25	15
Congolese	155	90	65
Nova Scotian	65	25	40
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20
Peruvian	60	30	25
Yoruba	30	20	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15
Berber	80	45	40
Albanian	50	25	25
Maltese	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	10	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	65	55
New Brunswicker	90	40	40
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	50	30	20
Israeli	15	10	10
Mohawk	235	130	100
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	10
Bulgarian	30	15	15
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	30	15	20
Barbadian	60	35	20
African American	45	30	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	30	10
Tunisian	55	25	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20
Cuban	25	15	10
Bosnian	10	10	0
Venezuelan	40	15	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	70	20	45
Latvian	35	10	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	15	25
Guatemalan	40	10	35
Indonesian	20	10	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	60	30	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	15
British Columbian	35	10	20
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	2,770	1,355	1,415
Argentinian	10	10	0
Estonian	20	10	10
Kurdish	15	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	50	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	40	30	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0
Abenaki	120	45	80
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	85	115
New Zealander	10	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	50	20	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0
Malaysian	25	20	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0	15
Huron (Wendat)	125	50	75
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	10	0
Norman	55	35	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	0	15
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	85	45	40
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10
Kenyan	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	20	20	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	0	10
Cape Bretoner	50	15	40
Rwandan	35	25	10
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	0	10
Cherokee	70	40	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	40	10	30
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	20	0	15
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	15
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10
Maliseet	40	20	20
Beninese	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	30	20	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	93,720	46,635	47,085
Buddhist	65	15	45
Christian	72,280	35,260	37,020
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,290	2,135	2,155
Anabaptist	25	10	10
Anglican	2,035	955	1,080
Baptist	675	340	340
Catholic	59,175	28,940	30,235
Christian Orthodox	585	295	290
Jehovah's Witness	325	155	170
Latter Day Saints	95	60	35
Lutheran	310	105	200
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	20	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	525	265	265
Presbyterian	695	325	370
Reformed	65	30	30
United Church	2,140	990	1,155
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,265	630	635
Hindu	210	120	90
Jewish	100	60	40
Muslim	860	435	425
Sikh	60	15	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	10	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	110	150
No religion and secular perspectives	19,860	10,610	9,245
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	92,850	46,215	46,635
Non-movers	82,835	41,185	41,650
Movers	10,015	5,030	4,990
Non-migrants	3,595	1,780	1,820
Migrants	6,420	3,250	3,170
Internal migrants	6,285	3,165	3,125
Intraprovincial migrants	5,295	2,665	2,625
Interprovincial migrants	995	500	495
External migrants	130	85	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,690	43,980	44,710
Non-movers	54,565	27,355	27,215
Movers	34,125	16,625	17,500
Non-migrants	9,240	4,540	4,700
Migrants	24,885	12,085	12,800
Internal migrants	24,160	11,700	12,465
Intraprovincial migrants	19,685	9,535	10,150
Interprovincial migrants	4,480	2,165	2,315
External migrants	725	390	335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,620	38,410	39,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,575	8,070	6,500
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,045	30,335	32,710
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,865	25,095	25,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,385	3,380	2,005
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,480	21,715	23,765
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,620	38,410	39,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,080	7,090	5,995
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,590	11,795	11,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,945	19,530	21,415
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,685	14,090	13,595
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,275	4,230	2,045
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,360	2,015	1,345
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,910	2,215	705
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,755	9,170	10,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,655	690	965
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,260	5,440	7,820
Bachelor's degree	9,610	3,840	5,760
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	325	590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	95	110
Master's degree	2,240	1,010	1,235
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	170	120
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,860	25,090	25,770
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,635	2,880	1,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,480	7,525	6,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,745	14,680	17,065
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,200	10,590	10,610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,360	2,910	1,450
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,225	1,310	920
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,130	1,605	530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,810	7,225	8,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	455	575
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,545	4,095	6,455
Bachelor's degree	7,705	2,945	4,760
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	685	220	470
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	60	105
Master's degree	1,765	735	1,035
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	135	85
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,620	38,410	39,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,670	18,880	17,790
Education	3,205	745	2,465
13. Education	3,205	745	2,465
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,160	535	625
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	185	45
50. Visual and performing arts	930	350	580
Humanities	1,760	680	1,080
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	20	165
23. English language and literature/letters	295	95	205
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	205	310
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	35	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	35	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	75	80
54. History	280	180	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	40	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,125	1,525	3,605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	235	385
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,165	95	1,065
22. Legal professions and studies	705	185	520
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	35	90
42. Psychology	825	220	600
45. Social sciences	1,640	750	885
Business, management and public administration	7,585	2,640	4,945
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	985	180	805
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,580	2,450	4,135
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,135	525	610
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	195	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	120	105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25
40. Physical sciences	275	165	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	30	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,745	1,185	555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,525	1,120	405
25. Library science	110	0	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,390	7,915	470
04. Architecture and related services	330	245	80
14. Engineering	910	835	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,890	1,750	140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,025	1,985	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,195	2,125	65
48. Precision production	1,040	980	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,470	880	595
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,145	645	500
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	230	90
Health and related fields	5,625	985	4,640
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	285	315
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,980	670	4,310
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	35	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,745	1,920	1,820
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,720	350	1,375
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	55	0
43. Security and protective services	1,325	950	370
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	525	65
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,865	25,095	25,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,115	10,415	8,710
Education	2,175	485	1,690
13. Education	2,175	485	1,690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	855	350	505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	115	25
50. Visual and performing arts	720	235	480
Humanities	1,240	445	800
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	15	125
23. English language and literature/letters	210	70	150
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	125	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	55	55
54. History	210	125	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	15	110
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,310	1,235	3,080
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	525	190	340
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	70	910
22. Legal professions and studies	585	135	450
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	70
42. Psychology	655	155	500
45. Social sciences	1,400	645	755
Business, management and public administration	5,975	1,970	4,005
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	790	125	665
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,170	1,835	3,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	875	385	490
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	145	265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	95	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15
40. Physical sciences	205	120	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,450	1,010	440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,330	980	355
25. Library science	55	0	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,305	5,900	405
04. Architecture and related services	285	215	70
14. Engineering	690	615	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,330	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,540	1,500	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,610	1,550	60
48. Precision production	730	685	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,185	660	525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	895	465	430
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	195	90
Health and related fields	4,450	775	3,665
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	220	265
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,925	540	3,390
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,915	1,460	1,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,310	230	1,085
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0
43. Security and protective services	1,060	755	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	410	65
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,865	25,095	25,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,115	10,415	8,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,745	14,680	17,060
Location of study inside Canada	30,150	13,900	16,250
Same as province or territory of residence	24,785	11,465	13,320
Different than province or territory of residence	5,365	2,435	2,930
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,600	780	820
Americas	510	265	240
United States of America	350	185	170
Mexico	25	10	15
Cuba	10	10	0
Haiti	45	35	15
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	10	0
Colombia	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30
Europe	595	305	290
Belgium	15	10	10
France	85	45	40
Germany	40	15	20
Netherlands	20	10	0
Switzerland	85	50	40
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	15	10	10
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Ukraine	30	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	95	85
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	20
Africa	140	70	70
Nigeria	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	15
Tunisia	20	10	0
Egypt	25	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	20
Asia	315	120	195
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	20	0	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	65	0	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	110	60	50
Pakistan	25	10	15
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10
Oceania	45	25	20
Australia	40	15	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	77,620	38,410	39,210
In the labour force	49,990	26,185	23,805
Employed	46,715	24,645	22,070
Unemployed	3,270	1,540	1,730
Not in the labour force	27,630	12,225	15,400
Participation rate	64.4	68.2	60.7
Employment rate	60.2	64.2	56.3
Unemployment rate	6.5	5.9	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	77,615	38,410	39,205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,025	11,935	15,090
Worked	50,595	26,475	24,125
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,030	17,300	13,725
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,570	9,175	10,395
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	44.2	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,990	26,180	23,805
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	575	285	290
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,415	25,900	23,515
Employee	43,070	21,740	21,330
Permanent position	37,290	19,110	18,175
Temporary position	5,785	2,630	3,155
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,825	760	1,060
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,960	1,870	2,095
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,340	4,155	2,185
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,990	26,180	23,805
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	575	285	290
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,415	25,900	23,515
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	365	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,730	2,635	7,100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,465	2,700	770
3 Health occupations	3,385	525	2,860
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,410	2,270	5,140
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	965	435	525
6 Sales and service occupations	10,050	4,795	5,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,525	9,700	830
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,915	1,435	475
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,350	1,045	310
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,990	26,180	23,805
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	575	285	290
All industries¹⁹¹	49,415	25,900	23,515
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,725	1,230	495
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	105	0
22 Utilities	230	190	35
23 Construction	5,795	5,130	665
31-33 Manufacturing	2,795	2,065	725
41 Wholesale trade	1,165	895	270
44-45 Retail trade	5,390	2,795	2,590
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,250	1,605	645
51 Information and cultural industries	660	415	245
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	455	820
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	510	340	170
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,400	1,230	1,175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,940	1,295	645
61 Educational services	4,015	1,065	2,955
62 Health care and social assistance	6,285	1,000	5,290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	620	350	265
72 Accommodation and food services	2,065	835	1,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	1,050	1,040
91 Public administration	8,080	3,845	4,235
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,305	27,780	25,520
English	19,495	10,960	8,540
French	10,775	5,165	5,610
Non-official language	20	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	0
English and French	22,745	11,540	11,200
English and non-official language(s)	160	70	90
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	30	65
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,305	27,780	25,520
Single responses	48,250	25,305	22,950
Official languages	48,190	25,270	22,920
English	29,470	16,090	13,380
French	18,725	9,180	9,545
Non-official languages	60	30	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	15
German	10	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10
Chinese languages	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,050	2,485	2,565
English and French	5,015	2,470	2,550
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,305	27,780	25,520
None	35,315	18,610	16,705
English	7,960	4,025	3,935
French	9,830	5,065	4,765
Non-official language	130	60	70
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	55	65
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,715	24,645	22,070
Worked at home	12,225	5,150	7,070
Worked outside Canada	50	30	20
No fixed workplace address	6,695	5,465	1,230
Usual place of work	27,755	14,005	13,750
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,755	14,005	13,750
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,870	4,100	4,770
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,160	2,875	3,285
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,385	6,230	5,155
Commute to a different province or territory	1,340	805	540
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,450	19,470	14,980
Car, truck or van	32,185	18,480	13,710
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,060	17,550	12,510
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,130	930	1,200
Public transit	355	145	210
Walked	1,105	500	610
Bicycle	120	95	30
Other method	670	255	420
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,450	19,470	14,980
Less than 15 minutes	10,025	4,895	5,135
15 to 29 minutes	7,830	4,330	3,505
30 to 44 minutes	9,520	5,670	3,850
45 to 59 minutes	4,260	2,675	1,585
60 minutes and over	2,815	1,905	910
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,450	19,470	14,980
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,835	2,885	950
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,780	5,725	3,055
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,885	5,100	4,790
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,210	2,235	2,980
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,355	1,070	1,285
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,380	2,460	1,920
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,530	10,010	9,515
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,935	7,615	7,315
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,595	2,390	2,200
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,135	7,220	6,920
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,925	5,555	5,365
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	9,420	4,760	4,650
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,510	790	715
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,215	1,660	1,545

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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