Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lennox and Addington, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	45,182	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,883^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,094	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,891	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,792.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	45,180	22,660	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,625	3,400	3,225	14.7	15.0	14.3
0 to 4 years	2,045	1,075	970	4.5	4.7	4.3
5 to 9 years	2,220	1,140	1,080	4.9	5.0	4.8
10 to 14 years	2,355	1,185	1,175	5.2	5.2	5.2
15 to 64 years	27,435	14,105	13,330	60.7	62.2	59.2
15 to 19 years	2,205	1,180	1,025	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	1,920	1,055	865	4.2	4.7	3.8
25 to 29 years	2,345	1,225	1,115	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	2,635	1,375	1,260	5.8	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	2,675	1,385	1,295	5.9	6.1	5.8
40 to 44 years	2,590	1,295	1,295	5.7	5.7	5.8
45 to 49 years	2,700	1,385	1,310	6.0	6.1	5.8
50 to 54 years	2,930	1,465	1,465	6.5	6.5	6.5
55 to 59 years	3,735	1,865	1,875	8.3	8.2	8.3
60 to 64 years	3,700	1,870	1,830	8.2	8.3	8.1
65 years and over	11,125	5,160	5,965	24.6	22.8	26.5
65 to 69 years	3,405	1,630	1,775	7.5	7.2	7.9
70 to 74 years	2,980	1,475	1,505	6.6	6.5	6.7
75 to 79 years	1,950	975	975	4.3	4.3	4.3
80 to 84 years	1,325	645	690	2.9	2.8	3.1
85 years and over	1,465	435	1,025	3.2	1.9	4.6
85 to 89 years	965	335	630	2.1	1.5	2.8
90 to 94 years	425	90	335	0.9	0.4	1.5
95 to 99 years	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.0	14.3	14.7	15.0	14.3
15 to 64 years	60.7	62.2	59.2	60.7	62.2	59.2
65 years and over	24.6	22.8	26.5	24.6	22.8	26.5
85 years and over	3.2	1.9	4.6	3.2	1.9	4.6
Average age of the population	45.6	44.4	46.7	45.6	44.4	46.7
Median age of the population	48.0	46.4	49.6	48.0	46.4	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,390	...	...	80.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	610	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	875	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,645	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	135	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,190	...	...	23.4	...	...
2 persons	7,475	...	...	41.8	...	...
3 persons	2,715	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	2,290	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,225	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,555	19,265	19,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,470	11,775	11,700	60.9	61.1	60.6
Married	18,705	9,390	9,315	48.5	48.7	48.3
Living common-law	4,770	2,390	2,380	12.4	12.4	12.3
Living common law - Never married	2,970	1,515	1,455	7.7	7.9	7.5
Living common law - Separated	370	200	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,260	610	655	3.3	3.2	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	165	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	15,085	7,485	7,600	39.1	38.9	39.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,410	4,935	3,475	21.8	25.6	18.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,160	555	605	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,365	1,125	1,235	6.1	5.8	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,145	865	2,285	8.2	4.5	11.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,905	...	...	58.5	...	...
3 persons	2,600	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	2,150	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	850	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,535	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	9,150	...	...	67.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,945	...	...	29.2	...	...
Without children	5,205	...	...	38.5	...	...
Common-law couples	2,385	...	...	17.7	...	...
With children⁶	945	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	1,435	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,970	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,475	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	495	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	36,730	18,385	18,345	85.2	86.0	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,070	11,520	11,545	53.5	53.9	53.1
Parents in one-parent families	1,970	495	1,470	4.6	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	11,690	6,370	5,325	27.1	29.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	8,775	4,705	4,075	20.3	22.0	18.7
In a one-parent family	2,910	1,660	1,250	6.7	7.8	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,395	3,000	3,395	14.8	14.0	15.6
Living alone	4,190	1,905	2,285	9.7	8.9	10.5
Living with other relatives⁷	960	410	555	2.2	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,240	685	555	2.9	3.2	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,965	...	...	66.9	...	...
Couple-family households	10,450	...	...	58.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,405	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	6,045	...	...	33.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,515	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	500	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	605	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	535	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	4,190	...	...	23.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	36,510	17,995	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,335	17,390	17,945	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,600	36,800	42,000	47,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,360	17,405	17,955	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	33,600	38,000	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,040	15,620	15,420	85.0	86.8	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400	29,400	35,600	42,400	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,375	12,810	11,560	66.8	71.2	62.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,400	36,400	40,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,980	15,530	16,455	87.6	86.3	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,700	12,200	11,300	9,700	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,240	1,595	1,650	8.9	8.9	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,000	5,640	5,880	6,000	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,725	3,690	4,035	21.2	20.5	21.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	36,510	17,995	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,395	17,420	17,970	96.9	96.8	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	55,800	44,360	50,000	55,800	44,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,420	17,445	17,985	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	47,000	38,520	42,680	47,000	38,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,075	15,655	15,425	85.1	87.0	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,840	51,300	38,320	44,840	51,300	38,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,370	12,830	11,540	66.7	71.3	62.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,840	46,880	40,440	43,840	46,880	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,050	15,570	16,480	87.8	86.5	89.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,730	10,870	12,540	11,730	10,870	12,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,260	1,585	1,675	8.9	8.8	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,950	6,890	6,920	6,950	6,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,640	3,730	3,910	20.9	20.7	21.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,160	8,860	8,520	8,160	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	36,505	17,995	18,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,560	6,440	5,125	31.7	35.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	66,500	56,400	61,200	66,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,200	70,500	65,300	68,200	70,500	65,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,090	4,260	4,830	24.9	23.7	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,000	16,600	17,600	19,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	28,200	23,320	25,600	28,200	23,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	82.6	74.0	78.8	82.6	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	61.9	58.5	60.4	61.9	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	17.4	25.9	21.2	17.4	25.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.3	3.7	3.1	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,170	600	570	3.2	3.3	3.1
With total income	35,335	17,390	17,945	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,475	1,070	1,400	7.0	6.2	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	4,545	1,820	2,725	12.9	10.5	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,365	2,270	3,095	15.2	13.1	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,470	1,990	2,475	12.7	11.4	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,220	2,035	2,185	11.9	11.7	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,650	1,845	1,805	10.3	10.6	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,860	1,560	1,300	8.1	9.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,215	1,285	930	6.3	7.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570	985	580	4.4	5.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	660	490	3.3	3.8	2.7
$100,000 and over	2,815	1,865	950	8.0	10.7	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,090	1,340	750	5.9	7.7	4.2
$150,000 and over	725	530	200	2.1	3.0	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,145	585	560	3.1	3.3	3.0
With after-tax income	35,360	17,410	17,955	96.9	96.8	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,665	1,130	1,535	7.5	6.5	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,740	1,915	2,830	13.4	11.0	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,075	2,590	3,485	17.2	14.9	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,320	2,475	2,845	15.0	14.2	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,070	2,530	2,540	14.3	14.5	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,875	2,090	1,785	11.0	12.0	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,745	1,620	1,130	7.8	9.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,770	1,060	715	5.0	6.1	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	675	515	3.4	3.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	660	430	230	1.9	2.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,245	890	355	3.5	5.1	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	715	505	215	2.0	2.9	1.2
$125,000 and over	525	385	140	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,135	5,180	6,955	33.2	28.8	37.6
With employment income	24,375	12,810	11,565	66.8	71.2	62.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,180	2,250	1,935	17.1	17.6	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,715	760	955	7.0	5.9	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,690	1,230	1,465	11.0	9.6	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,205	1,055	1,150	9.0	8.2	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,245	1,045	1,205	9.2	8.2	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,225	1,105	1,125	9.1	8.6	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,145	1,080	1,065	8.8	8.4	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,745	980	765	7.2	7.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,405	855	545	5.8	6.7	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	680	395	4.4	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	880	490	390	3.6	3.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	1,860	1,280	575	7.6	10.0	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,020	675	340	4.2	5.3	2.9
$125,000 and over	845	610	235	3.5	4.8	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	36,510	17,995	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,885	17,130	17,765	95.5	95.2	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,200	34,800	40,400	47,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,915	17,130	17,790	95.6	95.2	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	31,600	36,400	41,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,945	15,515	15,435	84.8	86.2	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	30,800	37,200	44,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,720	12,920	11,795	67.7	71.8	63.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,670	14,860	15,810	84.0	82.6	85.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	4,920	8,600	7,450	4,920	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,970	1,500	1,470	8.1	8.3	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,920	5,160	5,480	5,920	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	36,510	17,995	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,945	17,195	17,755	95.7	95.6	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	55,450	41,240	48,240	55,450	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,975	17,195	17,785	95.8	95.6	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	46,560	35,800	41,080	46,560	35,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,955	15,510	15,445	84.8	86.2	83.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	53,300	37,320	45,320	53,300	37,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,595	12,915	11,680	67.4	71.8	63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	49,520	38,960	44,520	49,520	38,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,515	14,805	15,715	83.6	82.3	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,250	8,510	9,950	9,250	8,510	9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,965	1,515	1,450	8.1	8.4	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,920	7,690	7,290	6,920	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	36,505	17,995	18,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,490	6,385	5,105	31.5	35.5	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,000	52,800	58,800	65,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,600	70,400	57,300	64,600	70,400	57,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,675	4,060	4,615	23.8	22.6	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,600	21,400	23,400	26,600	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680	35,640	28,200	31,680	35,640	28,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	86.8	78.6	83.2	86.8	78.6
Employment income (%)	65.0	67.2	62.1	65.0	67.2	62.1
Government transfers (%)	16.8	13.2	21.4	16.8	13.2	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,500	...	...	84,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,800	...	...	49,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	295	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	620	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	565	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	645	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	640	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,375	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,325	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,285	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,125	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,365	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,670	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,935	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,155	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	645	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	645	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	665	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	830	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	730	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,560	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,635	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	...	...	9.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	...	...	8.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,505	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,330	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,525	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,650	...	...	9.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,430	2,590	2,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,600	37,600	40,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,200	34,800	36,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...	89,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,430	2,565	2,860	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	51,450	42,480	46,720	51,450	42,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	43,760	37,440	40,440	43,760	37,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,985	4,115	3,870	18.5	19.2	17.8
0 to 5 years	2,485	1,290	1,195	5.8	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	24,990	12,380	12,610	57.9	57.9	58.0
65 years and over	10,145	4,885	5,260	23.5	22.8	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,945	1,830	2,120	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	765	390	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	260	130	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,005	1,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,055	435	620	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.6	9.8	9.2	8.6	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.7	9.6	9.4	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.0	10.8	10.4	10.0	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.1	8.9	8.5	8.1	8.9
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	10.4	9.0	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,985	4,120	3,865	18.5	19.3	17.8
0 to 5 years	2,480	1,285	1,195	5.8	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	24,995	12,380	12,610	58.0	57.9	58.0
65 years and over	10,150	4,885	5,265	23.5	22.8	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,030	510	520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	140	65	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	800	405	400	...	...	...
65 years and over	90	40	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.1
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,375	10,375	11,000	49.6	48.5	50.6
In bottom decile	3,445	1,640	1,810	8.0	7.7	8.3
In second decile	4,095	1,905	2,195	9.5	8.9	10.1
In third decile	4,265	2,090	2,175	9.9	9.8	10.0
In fourth decile	4,805	2,345	2,465	11.1	11.0	11.3
In fifth decile	4,760	2,400	2,365	11.0	11.2	10.9
In top half of the distribution	21,750	11,010	10,740	50.4	51.5	49.4
In sixth decile	4,935	2,495	2,440	11.4	11.7	11.2
In seventh decile	4,880	2,485	2,395	11.3	11.6	11.0
In eighth decile	4,615	2,340	2,275	10.7	10.9	10.5
In ninth decile	4,330	2,175	2,155	10.0	10.2	9.9
In top decile	2,995	1,515	1,475	6.9	7.1	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,125	...	...	43,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,310	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	39,865	19,925	19,940	92.0	92.9	91.2
French only	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,370	1,485	1,880	7.8	6.9	8.6
Neither English nor French	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,310	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,405	21,005	21,395	97.9	97.9	97.9
French	810	395	415	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,310	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,885	21,250	21,635	99.0	99.1	98.9
Official languages	41,520	20,600	20,925	95.9	96.0	95.7
English	40,690	20,190	20,495	94.0	94.1	93.7
French	835	410	425	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-official languages	1,365	650	715	3.2	3.0	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360	650	710	3.1	3.0	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,045	500	545	2.4	2.3	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	90	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	430	195	230	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	100	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	220	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	155	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	140	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	430	200	225	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	220	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,310	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,435	20,550	20,885	95.7	95.8	95.5
French	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	590	265	325	1.4	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	810	400	410	1.9	1.9	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,310	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,075	21,325	21,750	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	42,720	21,145	21,575	98.6	98.6	98.7
English	42,460	21,025	21,435	98.0	98.0	98.0
French	255	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	355	180	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	180	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	210	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	240	125	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,315	21,450	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,030	20,855	21,175	97.0	97.2	96.8
English	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	445	200	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official language	510	245	265	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	500	240	260	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,125	21,385	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	43,075	21,360	21,715	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	43,040	21,350	21,695	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	3,395	1,555	1,830	7.9	7.3	8.4
Non-official languages	2,085	990	1,095	4.8	4.6	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,065	985	1,090	4.8	4.6	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,550	755	795	3.6	3.5	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	615	285	325	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	415	185	230	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	415	185	230	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	195	95	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	140	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	575	295	280	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	300	155	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,370	1,135	1,230	5.5	5.3	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,280	1,090	1,190	5.3	5.1	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,400	670	730	3.2	3.1	3.4
Métis	860	415	440	2.0	1.9	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	40,755	20,250	20,510	94.5	94.7	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	675	350	325	1.6	1.6	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	42,450	21,035	21,415	98.4	98.4	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,345	...	...	80.2	...	...
Renter	3,545	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	480	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not condominium	17,410	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,125	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,575	...	...	20.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,355	...	...	46.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,790	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,685	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 rooms	2,565	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,065	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,805	...	...	15.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,770	...	...	37.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,800	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	17,360	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	530	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,270	...	...	29.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,320	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,915	...	...	10.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,795	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	810	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	865	...	...	4.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,000	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	910	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,570	...	...	92.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,320	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,125	...	...	45.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,215	...	...	51.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	550	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	195	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,945	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,510	...	...	14.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,885	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,060	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,785	...	...	21.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,935	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	585	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,580	...	...	83.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,940	...	...	16.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,730	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,315	...	...	24.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,555	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	375	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	925	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,575	...	...	75.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,435	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	15,870	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	464,800	...	...	464,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,164	...	...	1,164	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	835	405	430	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	830	405	430	1.9	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	600	320	285	1.4	1.5	1.3
Métis single ancestry	225	85	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,390	1,165	1,225	5.5	5.4	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,345	1,140	1,205	5.4	5.3	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,780	865	915	4.1	4.0	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	265	275	1.2	1.2	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	39,895	19,815	20,085	92.5	92.7	92.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	42,550	21,125	21,425	98.7	98.8	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,950	4,075	3,875	18.4	19.1	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,600	17,050	17,550	80.2	79.7	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	570	260	315	1.3	1.2	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,175	19,965	20,210	93.2	93.4	93.0
Immigrants⁸¹	2,900	1,395	1,505	6.7	6.5	6.9
Before 1980	1,590	770	825	3.7	3.6	3.8
1980 to 1990	400	235	165	0.9	1.1	0.8
1991 to 2000	250	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	330	135	200	0.8	0.6	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	325	135	190	0.8	0.6	0.9
2011 to 2015	155	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	165	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,900	1,395	1,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	460	230	230	15.9	16.5	15.2
5 to 14 years	685	385	300	23.6	27.6	19.9
15 to 24 years	570	205	365	19.7	14.7	24.2
25 to 44 years	1,000	490	510	34.5	35.1	33.8
45 years and over	185	90	100	6.4	6.5	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,900	1,395	1,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	475	210	265	16.4	15.1	17.5
Brazil	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.7
Colombia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	50	20	30	1.7	1.4	2.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Mexico	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.3
United States of America	280	130	150	9.7	9.3	9.9
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	25	1.7	1.8	1.7
Europe	1,860	925	935	64.1	66.3	61.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.0
Germany	200	75	125	6.9	5.4	8.3
Greece	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Hungary	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
Italy	25	25	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Netherlands	175	105	75	6.0	7.5	5.0
Poland	55	30	20	1.9	2.2	1.3
Portugal	75	40	40	2.6	2.9	2.6
Romania	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,030	525	500	35.5	37.6	33.1
Other places of birth in Europe	180	75	100	6.2	5.4	6.6
Africa	70	45	30	2.4	3.2	2.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Asia	465	205	260	16.0	14.7	17.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	10	30	1.4	0.7	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	35	35	2.4	2.5	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	110	40	70	3.8	2.9	4.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	25	2.1	2.2	1.7
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.0
Sri Lanka	30	10	15	1.0	0.7	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	15	45	2.2	1.1	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	165	70	95	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	30	40	39.4	42.9	42.1
Brazil	10	0	0	6.1	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	20	20	24.2	28.6	21.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	15	15	15.2	21.4	15.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	30	40	42.4	42.9	42.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	9.1	14.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	15.2	21.4	15.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,225	1,570	1,660	7.5	7.3	7.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,790	2,405	2,385	11.1	11.2	11.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,110	17,415	17,695	81.4	81.4	81.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,310	625	685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	570	315	255	43.5	50.4	37.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	315	195	125	24.0	31.2	18.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	255	120	135	19.5	19.2	19.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	575	235	345	43.9	37.6	50.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	160	70	85	12.2	11.2	12.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,310	625	685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	30	35	5.3	4.8	5.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	185	80	100	14.1	12.8	14.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	15	30	3.4	2.4	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	55	20	5.7	8.8	2.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30	2.3	0.0	4.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	905	440	465	69.1	70.4	67.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,285	605	680	3.0	2.8	3.1
South Asian	310	175	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	320	145	170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Filipino	160	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southeast Asian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	41,840	20,780	21,060	97.0	97.2	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,015	4,530	4,485	20.9	21.2	20.6
English	12,790	6,265	6,525	29.7	29.3	30.0
Irish	11,735	5,580	6,160	27.2	26.1	28.3
Scottish	9,915	4,950	4,965	23.0	23.1	22.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,615	2,130	2,485	10.7	10.0	11.4
German	4,495	2,270	2,220	10.4	10.6	10.2
Chinese	225	85	145	0.5	0.4	0.7
Italian	1,255	660	595	2.9	3.1	2.7
Indian (India)	185	125	60	0.4	0.6	0.3
Ukrainian	620	330	295	1.4	1.5	1.4
Dutch	3,080	1,585	1,495	7.1	7.4	6.9
Polish	955	450	510	2.2	2.1	2.3
Québécois	145	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,150	1,045	1,105	5.0	4.9	5.1
Filipino	190	75	120	0.4	0.4	0.6
French Canadian	625	310	320	1.4	1.4	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,500	735	760	3.5	3.4	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	910	430	480	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis	810	380	435	1.9	1.8	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	705	340	365	1.6	1.6	1.7
Russian	195	110	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Norwegian	400	220	180	0.9	1.0	0.8
Welsh	990	445	550	2.3	2.1	2.5
Portuguese	440	205	240	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	600	305	300	1.4	1.4	1.4
Spanish	175	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	240	130	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hungarian	240	135	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Acadian	160	55	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pakistani	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	245	130	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	290	135	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	290	145	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	245	105	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belgian	160	90	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swiss	245	105	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finnish	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	165	90	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Newfoundlander	140	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	620	285	330	1.4	1.3	1.5
Persian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	65	30	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	245	115	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Brunswicker	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	485	270	210	1.1	1.3	1.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	80	15	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,125	21,385	21,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	24,940	11,695	13,250	57.8	54.7	60.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,425	1,145	1,275	5.6	5.4	5.9
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,590	1,730	1,860	8.3	8.1	8.6
Baptist	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catholic	8,560	4,015	4,550	19.8	18.8	20.9
Christian Orthodox	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	300	120	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	750	295	450	1.7	1.4	2.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,025	470	555	2.4	2.2	2.6
Presbyterian	555	235	320	1.3	1.1	1.5
Reformed	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	5,410	2,560	2,855	12.5	12.0	13.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,525	755	770	3.5	3.5	3.5
Hindu	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	265	85	190	0.6	0.4	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	17,595	9,455	8,130	40.8	44.2	37.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,745	21,180	21,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,580	19,155	19,430	90.3	90.4	90.1
Movers	4,160	2,025	2,140	9.7	9.6	9.9
Non-migrants	1,515	700	815	3.5	3.3	3.8
Migrants	2,650	1,330	1,320	6.2	6.3	6.1
Internal migrants	2,580	1,305	1,280	6.0	6.2	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,390	1,220	1,170	5.6	5.8	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	195	85	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
External migrants	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	41,085	20,315	20,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,100	12,950	13,150	63.5	63.7	63.3
Movers	14,980	7,360	7,620	36.5	36.2	36.7
Non-migrants	3,735	1,895	1,840	9.1	9.3	8.9
Migrants	11,245	5,465	5,775	27.4	26.9	27.8
Internal migrants	10,995	5,365	5,630	26.8	26.4	27.1
Intraprovincial migrants	10,245	5,020	5,225	24.9	24.7	25.2
Interprovincial migrants	755	350	410	1.8	1.7	2.0
External migrants	250	100	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,510	17,995	18,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,495	3,640	2,855	17.8	20.2	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,010	14,350	15,660	82.2	79.7	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,305	10,930	11,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,420	1,530	890	10.8	14.0	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,885	9,400	10,480	89.2	86.0	92.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,665	3,070	2,595	15.5	17.1	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,630	6,010	5,620	31.9	33.4	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,210	8,915	10,295	52.6	49.6	55.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,770	6,600	7,165	37.7	36.7	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,790	2,190	600	7.6	12.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,260	850	405	3.5	4.7	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,530	1,340	190	4.2	7.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,560	4,260	6,305	28.9	23.7	34.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420	150	265	1.2	0.8	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,440	2,310	3,130	14.9	12.8	16.9
Bachelor's degree	3,715	1,470	2,250	10.2	8.2	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	120	185	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,065	530	535	2.9	2.9	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	140	85	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,305	10,935	11,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,070	1,285	785	9.3	11.8	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,710	3,690	3,020	30.1	33.7	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,520	5,955	7,570	60.6	54.5	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,785	4,580	5,205	43.9	41.9	45.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,680	1,370	310	7.5	12.5	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	740	520	215	3.3	4.8	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	945	845	100	4.2	7.7	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,870	3,115	4,750	35.3	28.5	41.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	90	145	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,740	1,380	2,360	16.8	12.6	20.7
Bachelor's degree	2,640	930	1,705	11.8	8.5	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	65	145	0.9	0.6	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	645	265	380	2.9	2.4	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	80	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,295	9,080	8,220	47.4	50.5	44.4
Education	1,100	345	760	3.0	1.9	4.1
13. Education	1,100	345	760	3.0	1.9	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	450	190	265	1.2	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	415	160	255	1.1	0.9	1.4
Humanities	760	305	455	2.1	1.7	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	215	50	160	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	70	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	65	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	150	85	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,335	620	1,720	6.4	3.4	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	70	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575	35	540	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	295	65	225	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	25	150	0.5	0.1	0.8
42. Psychology	425	100	330	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	645	315	330	1.8	1.8	1.8
Business, management and public administration	3,280	1,005	2,275	9.0	5.6	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	120	485	1.7	0.7	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,665	880	1,780	7.3	4.9	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	565	285	275	1.5	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	110	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	125	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	570	370	200	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	465	320	150	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,315	4,115	200	11.8	22.9	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	85	70	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	430	380	50	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,115	1,030	85	3.1	5.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,180	1,170	15	3.2	6.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,060	1,040	20	2.9	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	445	430	20	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	370	310	1.8	2.1	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	195	245	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	175	55	0.6	1.0	0.3
Health and related fields	3,500	470	3,030	9.6	2.6	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	145	100	0.7	0.8	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,210	315	2,895	8.8	1.8	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,650	835	805	4.5	4.6	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	660	115	545	1.8	0.6	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	720	480	240	2.0	2.7	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	210	15	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,310	10,930	11,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,785	4,975	3,805	39.4	45.5	33.5
Education	565	135	430	2.5	1.2	3.8
13. Education	565	135	430	2.5	1.2	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	120	180	1.3	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	285	105	180	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	445	175	270	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	125	30	100	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	95	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,775	415	1,360	8.0	3.8	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	60	95	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	25	435	2.1	0.2	3.8
22. Legal professions and studies	220	45	175	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	20	130	0.7	0.2	1.1
42. Psychology	275	40	235	1.2	0.4	2.1
45. Social sciences	460	205	260	2.1	1.9	2.3
Business, management and public administration	2,405	670	1,735	10.8	6.1	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	65	385	2.0	0.6	3.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,950	600	1,345	8.7	5.5	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	365	160	205	1.6	1.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	75	110	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	0	55	0.3	0.0	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	60	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	265	145	1.8	2.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	380	245	130	1.7	2.2	1.1
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,930	2,765	165	13.1	25.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	75	60	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
14. Engineering	295	250	45	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	785	730	65	3.5	6.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	810	800	10	3.6	7.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	695	680	15	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	265	255	15	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	510	260	245	2.3	2.4	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335	130	205	1.5	1.2	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	135	40	0.8	1.2	0.4
Health and related fields	2,575	340	2,230	11.5	3.1	19.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,365	245	2,120	10.6	2.2	18.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,235	645	590	5.5	5.9	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445	75	370	2.0	0.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	590	375	210	2.6	3.4	1.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	160	10	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,310	10,930	11,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,785	4,975	3,805	39.4	45.5	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,525	5,955	7,565	60.6	54.5	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	12,870	5,670	7,205	57.7	51.9	63.4
Same as province or territory of residence	11,905	5,205	6,700	53.4	47.6	58.9
Different than province or territory of residence	970	465	500	4.3	4.3	4.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	650	285	365	2.9	2.6	3.2
Americas	230	110	120	1.0	1.0	1.1
United States of America	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	250	115	130	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	80	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	120	40	85	0.5	0.4	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	36,510	17,990	18,515	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,845	10,835	10,010	...	...	...
Employed	18,870	9,825	9,045	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,980	1,015	965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,660	7,155	8,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.1	60.2	54.1	57.1	60.2	54.1
Employment rate	51.7	54.6	48.9	51.7	54.6	48.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.4	9.6	9.5	9.4	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	36,510	17,990	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,000	6,875	8,115	41.1	38.2	43.8
Worked	21,515	11,115	10,400	58.9	61.8	56.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,855	6,595	5,260	32.5	36.7	28.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,660	4,520	5,135	26.5	25.1	27.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.8	41.6	42.2	42.8	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,850	10,840	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	215	165	1.8	2.0	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,470	10,625	9,845	98.2	98.0	98.4
Employee	17,605	8,900	8,705	84.4	82.1	87.0
Permanent position	15,380	7,800	7,580	73.8	72.0	75.7
Temporary position	2,230	1,100	1,130	10.7	10.1	11.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	645	260	385	3.1	2.4	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,585	840	745	7.6	7.7	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,865	1,725	1,140	13.7	15.9	11.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,850	10,840	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	215	165	1.8	2.0	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,470	10,625	9,845	98.2	98.0	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	115	65	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,790	655	2,140	13.4	6.0	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,150	930	225	5.5	8.6	2.2
3 Health occupations	1,860	240	1,615	8.9	2.2	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,895	995	1,900	13.9	9.2	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	155	210	1.8	1.4	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	4,830	1,895	2,930	23.2	17.5	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,685	4,365	320	22.5	40.3	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	720	510	210	3.5	4.7	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,050	810	240	5.0	7.5	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,850	10,840	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	215	165	1.8	2.0	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	20,470	10,625	9,845	98.2	98.0	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	570	365	205	2.7	3.4	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	260	225	35	1.2	2.1	0.3
23 Construction	2,340	2,055	280	11.2	19.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,795	1,380	410	8.6	12.7	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	415	300	110	2.0	2.8	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	2,555	1,170	1,380	12.3	10.8	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	920	705	215	4.4	6.5	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	185	105	75	0.9	1.0	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	600	215	380	2.9	2.0	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	115	190	1.4	1.1	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	915	435	480	4.4	4.0	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	930	605	330	4.5	5.6	3.3
61 Educational services	1,440	395	1,040	6.9	3.6	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	3,225	465	2,760	15.5	4.3	27.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	245	145	105	1.2	1.3	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,045	395	650	5.0	3.6	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	755	380	375	3.6	3.5	3.7
91 Public administration	1,940	1,145	795	9.3	10.6	7.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,835	11,770	11,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,250	11,500	10,755	97.4	97.7	97.2
French	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	465	235	235	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,835	11,770	11,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,780	11,745	11,040	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	22,765	11,735	11,030	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	22,695	11,715	10,985	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,835	11,770	11,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,345	11,545	10,800	97.9	98.1	97.6
English	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	375	195	175	1.6	1.7	1.6
Non-official language	60	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,865	9,825	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,530	1,525	2,005	18.7	15.5	22.2
Worked outside Canada	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,455	1,885	570	13.0	19.2	6.3
Usual place of work	12,845	6,385	6,465	68.1	65.0	71.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,850	6,385	6,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,165	1,840	2,325	32.4	28.8	36.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,500	885	615	11.7	13.9	9.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,135	3,630	3,505	55.5	56.9	54.2
Commute to a different province or territory	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,305	8,275	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,505	7,960	6,550	94.8	96.2	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,650	7,535	6,110	89.2	91.1	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	860	425	435	5.6	5.1	6.2
Public transit	95	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Walked	420	140	285	2.7	1.7	4.1
Bicycle	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other method	250	115	130	1.6	1.4	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,305	8,275	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,060	1,895	2,165	26.5	22.9	30.8
15 to 29 minutes	5,490	2,970	2,525	35.9	35.9	35.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,930	2,325	1,605	25.7	28.1	22.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,130	620	505	7.4	7.5	7.2
60 minutes and over	690	460	235	4.5	5.6	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,305	8,275	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,250	830	420	8.2	10.0	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,660	2,440	1,220	23.9	29.5	17.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,570	2,435	2,135	29.9	29.4	30.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,450	915	1,530	16.0	11.1	21.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,350	555	800	8.8	6.7	11.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,020	1,090	930	13.2	13.2	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,130	4,185	3,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	715	375	340	8.8	9.0	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,415	3,810	3,610	91.2	91.0	91.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,935	3,045	2,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	520	265	255	8.8	8.7	8.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	125	120	4.0	4.1	4.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	145	135	4.7	4.8	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,415	2,780	2,635	91.2	91.3	91.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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