Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hastings, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	145,746	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	136,445	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	68,518	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	61,141	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,013.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	145,745	71,870	73,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,830	11,240	10,590	15.0	15.6	14.3
0 to 4 years	6,700	3,535	3,160	4.6	4.9	4.3
5 to 9 years	7,400	3,775	3,625	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	7,730	3,930	3,800	5.3	5.5	5.1
15 to 64 years	88,805	44,350	44,455	60.9	61.7	60.2
15 to 19 years	7,195	3,680	3,510	4.9	5.1	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,105	3,725	3,380	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	8,190	4,220	3,970	5.6	5.9	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,575	4,390	4,185	5.9	6.1	5.7
35 to 39 years	8,220	4,170	4,050	5.6	5.8	5.5
40 to 44 years	7,925	3,870	4,050	5.4	5.4	5.5
45 to 49 years	7,845	3,865	3,985	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	8,860	4,290	4,570	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	12,220	5,955	6,260	8.4	8.3	8.5
60 to 64 years	12,670	6,180	6,490	8.7	8.6	8.8
65 years and over	35,115	16,280	18,830	24.1	22.7	25.5
65 to 69 years	10,920	5,230	5,690	7.5	7.3	7.7
70 to 74 years	9,490	4,585	4,905	6.5	6.4	6.6
75 to 79 years	6,265	2,955	3,310	4.3	4.1	4.5
80 to 84 years	4,225	1,900	2,325	2.9	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	4,215	1,615	2,600	2.9	2.2	3.5
85 to 89 years	2,595	1,120	1,470	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,200	395	805	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	370	90	280	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.6	14.3	15.0	15.6	14.3
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.7	60.2	60.9	61.7	60.2
65 years and over	24.1	22.7	25.5	24.1	22.7	25.5
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.5	2.9	2.2	3.5
Average age of the population	45.1	44.1	46.1	45.1	44.1	46.1
Median age of the population	47.6	46.0	49.2	47.6	46.0	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	61,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	44,870	...	...	73.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,880	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	2,465	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,220	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,340	...	...	12.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,640	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	515	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,110	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	24,135	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	8,680	...	...	14.2	...	...
4 persons	6,815	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,400	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,915	60,630	63,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	72,395	36,135	36,255	58.4	59.6	57.3
Married	57,080	28,480	28,605	46.1	47.0	45.2
Living common-law	15,310	7,650	7,655	12.4	12.6	12.1
Living common law - Never married	9,810	4,955	4,855	7.9	8.2	7.7
Living common law - Separated	1,100	545	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	3,865	1,945	1,925	3.1	3.2	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	530	210	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	51,525	24,495	27,030	41.6	40.4	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,740	16,680	13,055	24.0	27.5	20.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,070	1,865	2,205	3.3	3.1	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,655	3,785	4,875	7.0	6.2	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,065	2,165	6,900	7.3	3.6	10.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	42,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,325	...	...	59.1	...	...
3 persons	8,320	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	6,240	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,960	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	42,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,595	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	27,945	...	...	65.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,680	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	16,265	...	...	38.0	...	...
Common-law couples	7,655	...	...	17.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,165	...	...	7.4	...	...
Without children	4,490	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,255	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,500	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,755	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	116,615	57,945	58,670	81.4	81.8	81.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,190	35,540	35,655	49.7	50.2	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	7,255	1,760	5,495	5.1	2.5	7.6
Children⁶	38,170	20,650	17,520	26.7	29.2	24.2
In a two-parent family	27,125	14,530	12,590	18.9	20.5	17.4
In a one-parent family	11,050	6,120	4,930	7.7	8.6	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,585	12,855	13,730	18.6	18.2	19.0
Living alone	17,110	7,860	9,245	11.9	11.1	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	3,425	1,495	1,930	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,050	3,495	2,555	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	37,320	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	32,020	...	...	52.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,195	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	18,820	...	...	30.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,305	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,765	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,135	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,475	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	17,110	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,395	59,575	61,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,295	57,495	59,800	96.6	96.5	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	34,000	38,400	44,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,335	57,510	59,825	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	31,600	35,200	39,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,965	50,075	49,890	82.3	84.1	80.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	25,600	32,400	40,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,990	40,365	36,625	63.4	67.8	59.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	28,800	34,400	40,400	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,660	52,190	55,470	88.7	87.6	89.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	9,800	13,000	11,800	9,800	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,255	4,725	5,535	8.4	7.9	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,760	5,520	5,640	5,760	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,195	13,215	14,980	23.2	22.2	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,390	59,530	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,515	57,585	59,925	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	52,700	40,800	46,640	52,700	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,540	57,595	59,945	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280	44,720	36,000	40,280	44,720	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,970	50,045	49,920	82.4	84.1	80.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,400	34,360	41,880	49,400	34,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,985	40,190	36,790	63.4	67.5	59.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	47,640	35,560	41,840	47,640	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,725	52,225	55,500	88.7	87.7	89.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,010	10,780	13,160	12,010	10,780	13,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,260	4,765	5,500	8.5	8.0	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,570	7,030	6,810	6,570	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,020	13,085	14,940	23.1	22.0	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,510	9,020	8,780	8,510	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,385	59,535	61,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,450	20,330	15,115	29.2	34.1	24.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,400	51,600	57,200	62,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	70,200	57,900	65,000	70,200	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,200	13,235	15,965	24.1	22.2	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,600	15,700	17,800	20,600	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,540	29,480	22,260	25,540	29,480	22,260
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.4	70.2	76.4	81.4	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.8	63.1	53.5	58.8	63.1	53.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.6	18.6	29.9	23.6	18.6	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	6.8	5.4	4.2	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.5	4.5	3.7	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,390	59,580	61,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,100	2,085	2,020	3.4	3.5	3.3
With total income	117,290	57,490	59,800	96.6	96.5	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,530	3,590	4,940	7.3	6.2	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	16,830	6,985	9,850	14.3	12.1	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	19,995	8,655	11,335	17.0	15.1	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,775	6,890	8,885	13.4	12.0	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	14,315	6,755	7,570	12.2	11.7	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	11,520	5,950	5,570	9.8	10.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,590	4,800	3,785	7.3	8.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,500	4,035	2,465	5.5	7.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,260	2,730	1,525	3.6	4.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	1,810	1,095	2.5	3.1	1.8
$100,000 and over	8,075	5,290	2,780	6.9	9.2	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,135	3,905	2,230	5.2	6.8	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,940	1,390	550	1.7	2.4	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,390	59,580	61,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,060	2,065	1,990	3.3	3.5	3.2
With after-tax income	117,335	57,510	59,825	96.7	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,020	3,700	5,320	7.7	6.4	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	17,435	7,250	10,185	14.9	12.6	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	22,425	9,750	12,675	19.1	17.0	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	18,755	8,500	10,260	16.0	14.8	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	16,365	8,340	8,025	13.9	14.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	11,695	6,365	5,335	10.0	11.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,935	4,850	3,085	6.8	8.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,900	3,060	1,835	4.2	5.3	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	1,960	1,385	2.9	3.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	1,235	685	1.6	2.1	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,530	2,495	1,035	3.0	4.3	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,030	1,435	600	1.7	2.5	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,495	1,060	440	1.3	1.8	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,390	59,580	61,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	44,405	19,215	25,190	36.6	32.3	40.8
With employment income	76,990	40,365	36,625	63.4	67.7	59.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,845	6,525	6,320	16.7	16.2	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,860	2,480	3,375	7.6	6.1	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,095	4,015	5,085	11.8	9.9	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,415	3,375	4,040	9.6	8.4	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,870	3,635	4,235	10.2	9.0	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,585	3,875	3,710	9.9	9.6	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,665	3,750	2,920	8.7	9.3	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,105	3,075	2,030	6.6	7.6	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,030	2,700	1,330	5.2	6.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	1,825	945	3.6	4.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	1,270	795	2.7	3.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,675	3,830	1,845	7.4	9.5	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,330	2,075	1,255	4.3	5.1	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,345	1,760	585	3.0	4.4	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,395	59,575	61,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,780	56,685	59,095	95.4	95.1	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,200	36,000	42,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,845	56,685	59,160	95.4	95.1	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	29,000	33,200	38,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,645	49,815	49,830	82.1	83.6	80.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	27,200	33,600	41,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,950	40,715	37,240	64.2	68.3	60.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,000	35,200	41,200	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,795	49,660	53,140	84.7	83.4	86.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	4,520	9,100	7,600	4,520	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,890	4,090	4,795	7.3	6.9	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,760	5,040	5,400	5,760	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,390	59,530	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,900	56,700	59,205	95.5	95.2	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	51,300	38,080	44,560	51,300	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,955	56,700	59,255	95.5	95.2	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	43,320	33,440	38,240	43,320	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,640	49,800	49,835	82.1	83.7	80.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	50,200	34,440	42,320	50,200	34,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,820	40,565	37,250	64.1	68.1	60.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560	48,920	35,640	42,560	48,920	35,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,765	49,720	53,050	84.7	83.5	85.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,230	8,260	10,150	9,230	8,260	10,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,100	4,180	4,915	7.5	7.0	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,690	6,980	6,850	6,690	6,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,385	59,535	61,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,250	20,210	15,040	29.0	33.9	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	48,000	54,000	60,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,450	68,700	54,100	62,450	68,700	54,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,630	12,585	15,045	22.8	21.1	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,800	20,600	23,400	26,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,680	35,640	26,520	30,680	35,640	26,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	85.8	76.2	81.6	85.8	76.2
Employment income (%)	64.2	68.2	58.8	64.2	68.2	58.8
Government transfers (%)	18.4	14.1	23.9	18.4	14.1	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	61,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	61,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,640	...	...	40,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	815	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,430	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,650	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,475	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,160	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,650	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,560	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,140	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,975	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,750	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,360	...	...	33.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,340	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,800	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,990	...	...	8.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,235	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	825	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,475	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,775	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,765	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,535	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,000	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,175	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,025	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,090	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,595	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,210	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,560	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,855	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,505	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,900	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,930	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,680	...	...	7.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	42,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,160	11,360	11,800	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,600	32,800	34,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	42,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,700	...	...	65,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,925	11,145	11,780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	47,040	40,920	43,880	47,040	40,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,360	40,400	36,400	38,360	40,400	36,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	143,200	70,795	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,190	13,465	12,725	18.3	19.0	17.6
0 to 5 years	8,165	4,295	3,870	5.7	6.1	5.3
18 to 64 years	83,685	41,610	42,075	58.4	58.8	58.1
65 years and over	33,330	15,725	17,600	23.3	22.2	24.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,875	7,895	8,985	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,290	1,725	1,565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,115	575	535	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,075	4,325	4,750	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,510	1,840	2,670	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.2	12.4	11.8	11.2	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6	12.8	12.3	12.6	12.8	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	13.6	13.5	13.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	10.4	11.3	10.9	10.4	11.3
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.7	15.2	13.5	11.7	15.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,665	69,570	71,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,720	13,210	12,510	18.3	19.0	17.6
0 to 5 years	8,005	4,200	3,810	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years	82,175	40,880	41,305	58.4	58.8	58.1
65 years and over	32,765	15,485	17,280	23.3	22.3	24.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,020	2,685	2,335	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	695	355	340	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	105	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,905	2,130	1,775	...	...	...
65 years and over	415	195	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.9	3.3	3.6	3.9	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.3	4.8	5.2	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	143,200	70,795	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	81,065	39,225	41,845	56.6	55.4	57.8
In bottom decile	15,120	7,370	7,750	10.6	10.4	10.7
In second decile	17,090	7,865	9,225	11.9	11.1	12.7
In third decile	16,825	8,150	8,670	11.7	11.5	12.0
In fourth decile	16,250	7,990	8,265	11.3	11.3	11.4
In fifth decile	15,780	7,840	7,940	11.0	11.1	11.0
In top half of the distribution	62,135	31,575	30,555	43.4	44.6	42.2
In sixth decile	15,325	7,665	7,660	10.7	10.8	10.6
In seventh decile	14,245	7,255	6,990	9.9	10.2	9.7
In eighth decile	12,970	6,610	6,360	9.1	9.3	8.8
In ninth decile	11,570	5,905	5,665	8.1	8.3	7.8
In top decile	8,025	4,140	3,885	5.6	5.8	5.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	144,125	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	134,590	66,860	67,725	93.4	93.8	92.9
French only	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,950	4,120	4,830	6.2	5.8	6.6
Neither English nor French	405	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	144,125	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	140,690	69,540	71,155	97.6	97.6	97.6
French	2,860	1,450	1,415	2.0	2.0	1.9
English and French	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	370	175	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	144,125	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,140	70,295	71,850	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	134,625	66,690	67,940	93.4	93.6	93.2
English	131,700	65,220	66,475	91.4	91.5	91.2
French	2,930	1,465	1,465	2.0	2.1	2.0
Non-official languages	7,515	3,605	3,910	5.2	5.1	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,480	3,595	3,885	5.2	5.0	5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	375	125	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	95	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	350	200	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	180	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,115	2,475	2,640	3.5	3.5	3.6
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	775	355	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	740	340	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,630	725	910	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	870	380	490	0.6	0.5	0.7
German	815	365	455	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	660	305	360	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	595	270	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,280	690	585	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,215	655	560	0.8	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	420	250	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,205	585	615	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	335	180	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	280	155	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	525	225	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	545	255	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	505	230	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	215	110	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,990	960	1,025	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	675	335	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,100	540	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	144,125	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	134,650	66,670	67,975	93.4	93.6	93.3
French	1,030	530	505	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	1,565	785	785	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,560	785	780	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	1,555	730	825	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,910	2,360	2,550	3.4	3.3	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	144,125	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,820	70,640	72,180	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	139,710	69,065	70,640	96.9	96.9	96.9
English	138,365	68,370	69,995	96.0	96.0	96.1
French	1,345	695	650	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	3,110	1,570	1,540	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,100	1,570	1,535	2.2	2.2	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,815	915	900	1.3	1.3	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	440	395	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	810	425	385	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	300	180	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	165	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,305	615	690	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	285	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	965	455	505	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	144,130	71,255	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	138,300	68,480	69,810	96.0	96.1	95.8
English	1,465	740	725	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	1,045	465	585	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	2,585	1,210	1,375	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,445	1,150	1,290	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	255	150	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	142,810	70,600	72,205	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	142,630	70,540	72,095	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	9,080	4,225	4,850	6.3	6.0	6.7
Non-official languages	11,460	5,235	6,230	8.0	7.4	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	440	175	265	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	395	160	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	395	160	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,040	5,065	5,970	7.7	7.2	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	620	205	415	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	585	185	400	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	485	255	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	175	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,540	3,565	3,975	5.3	5.0	5.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040	510	525	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,010	500	510	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	345	185	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	335	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,270	980	1,290	1.6	1.4	1.8
Frisian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,410	660	755	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	1,385	650	735	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	810	340	470	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	750	305	445	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	55	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	315	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,750	860	895	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,665	825	840	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	560	300	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	980	515	470	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	245	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,350	1,130	1,220	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	550	305	245	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	360	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	135	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,460	640	820	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	690	270	425	0.5	0.4	0.6
American Sign Language	610	225	385	0.4	0.3	0.5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	260	410	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	610	240	375	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	130	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	340	140	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,200	70,800	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,640	5,330	5,315	7.4	7.5	7.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,200	5,150	5,045	7.1	7.3	7.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,010	3,480	3,530	4.9	4.9	4.9
Métis	3,090	1,615	1,480	2.2	2.3	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	285	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	132,560	65,470	67,090	92.6	92.5	92.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,200	70,800	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,590	2,225	2,365	3.2	3.1	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,610	68,575	70,040	96.8	96.9	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,235	...	...	72.4	...	...
Renter	16,665	...	...	27.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	240	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,325	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not condominium	58,815	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,035	...	...	9.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,080	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,470	...	...	38.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,320	...	...	26.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,540	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 rooms	9,000	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	9,470	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	9,355	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,780	...	...	34.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	60,630	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	58,940	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	2,200	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,695	...	...	30.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,335	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,030	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,615	...	...	9.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,920	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,670	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,255	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,625	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,715	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,425	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	31,270	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,690	...	...	45.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,115	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,885	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,505	...	...	13.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,155	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,245	...	...	23.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,060	...	...	19.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,920	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,250	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	59,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,355	...	...	81.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,940	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,305	...	...	17.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	61,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,925	...	...	26.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,645	...	...	15.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,595	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,105	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	970	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,220	...	...	74.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	58,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,120	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	52,540	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,955	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.9	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,179	...	...	1,179	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	461,200	...	...	461,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,525	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,076	...	...	1,076	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	235	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	675	...	...	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,175	2,070	2,110	2.9	2.9	2.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,100	2,030	2,065	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,465	1,670	1,795	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis single ancestry	575	330	250	0.4	0.5	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,255	4,055	4,195	5.8	5.7	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,125	4,005	4,115	5.7	5.7	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,265	3,040	3,220	4.4	4.3	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,800	935	865	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	130,765	64,675	66,095	91.3	91.3	91.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	139,815	69,240	70,575	97.6	97.8	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,920	13,355	12,565	18.1	18.9	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,900	55,885	58,010	79.5	78.9	80.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,380	1,560	1,825	2.4	2.2	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	130,760	64,780	65,985	91.3	91.5	91.1
Immigrants⁸¹	11,310	5,460	5,845	7.9	7.7	8.1
Before 1980	5,395	2,620	2,775	3.8	3.7	3.8
1980 to 1990	1,300	625	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	1,355	695	665	0.9	1.0	0.9
2001 to 2010	1,610	770	845	1.1	1.1	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,645	755	890	1.1	1.1	1.2
2011 to 2015	730	325	405	0.5	0.5	0.6
2016 to 2021	915	435	480	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,130	555	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,310	5,460	5,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,565	810	760	13.8	14.8	13.0
5 to 14 years	2,460	1,255	1,210	21.8	23.0	20.7
15 to 24 years	2,615	1,255	1,360	23.1	23.0	23.3
25 to 44 years	3,930	1,810	2,120	34.7	33.2	36.3
45 years and over	735	340	400	6.5	6.2	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,310	5,460	5,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,065	925	1,145	18.3	16.9	19.6
Brazil	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	50	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	45	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.7
Guyana	135	75	65	1.2	1.4	1.1
Haiti	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	285	140	145	2.5	2.6	2.5
Mexico	70	45	20	0.6	0.8	0.3
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	160	70	90	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	800	320	480	7.1	5.9	8.2
Other places of birth in Americas	460	215	245	4.1	3.9	4.2
Europe	5,975	3,005	2,975	52.8	55.0	50.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
France	100	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	655	295	355	5.8	5.4	6.1
Greece	145	80	65	1.3	1.5	1.1
Hungary	80	40	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italy	210	140	70	1.9	2.6	1.2
Netherlands	660	335	330	5.8	6.1	5.6
Poland	235	115	115	2.1	2.1	2.0
Portugal	235	140	95	2.1	2.6	1.6
Romania	130	60	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian Federation	100	25	70	0.9	0.5	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	80	40	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,595	1,305	1,285	22.9	23.9	22.0
Other places of birth in Europe	710	335	375	6.3	6.1	6.4
Africa	330	165	160	2.9	3.0	2.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	60	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Somalia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	150	75	70	1.3	1.4	1.2
Asia	2,820	1,315	1,510	24.9	24.1	25.8
Afghanistan	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Lebanon	55	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	90	35	55	0.8	0.6	0.9
Turkey	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	350	120	230	3.1	2.2	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	215	110	100	1.9	2.0	1.7
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	550	185	365	4.9	3.4	6.2
Viet Nam	110	50	55	1.0	0.9	0.9
Bangladesh	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
India	745	385	360	6.6	7.1	6.2
Pakistan	140	85	50	1.2	1.6	0.9
Sri Lanka	105	50	50	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	215	105	110	1.9	1.9	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	110	55	55	1.0	1.0	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	915	435	480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	95	80	19.1	21.8	16.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	25	0	3.3	5.7	0.0
United States of America	100	45	50	10.9	10.3	10.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	0	2.2	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	15	2.7	0.0	3.1
Europe	140	85	60	15.3	19.5	12.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	20	4.4	5.7	4.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	35	20	6.0	8.0	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	2.7	3.4	2.1
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	585	245	335	63.9	56.3	69.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.2	0.0	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	310	175	140	33.9	40.2	29.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	35	100	14.8	8.0	20.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	15	35	5.5	3.4	7.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	15	2.7	0.0	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	143,200	70,800	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,625	6,575	7,050	9.5	9.3	9.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,275	8,880	9,395	12.8	12.5	13.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	111,305	55,345	55,955	77.7	78.2	77.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,915	2,840	3,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,690	1,480	1,210	45.5	52.1	39.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,145	780	365	19.4	27.5	11.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,555	700	855	26.3	24.6	27.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,320	925	1,390	39.2	32.6	45.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	765	380	385	12.9	13.4	12.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	55	75	2.2	1.9	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,915	2,840	3,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	340	190	150	5.7	6.7	4.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	755	415	340	12.8	14.6	11.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	75	85	2.8	2.6	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	335	145	190	5.7	5.1	6.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	0	40	0.8	0.0	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,280	2,015	2,265	72.4	71.0	73.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	143,200	70,800	72,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,155	3,915	4,240	5.7	5.5	5.9
South Asian	2,665	1,375	1,290	1.9	1.9	1.8
Chinese	825	340	480	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	1,620	840	780	1.1	1.2	1.1
Filipino	750	290	460	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	675	295	380	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	220	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	135,040	66,885	68,160	94.3	94.5	94.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	143,200	70,795	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	28,220	14,380	13,840	19.7	20.3	19.1
English	42,565	20,460	22,110	29.7	28.9	30.5
Irish	38,540	18,630	19,900	26.9	26.3	27.5
Scottish	32,245	15,495	16,750	22.5	21.9	23.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,550	7,060	7,490	10.2	10.0	10.3
German	14,815	7,295	7,525	10.3	10.3	10.4
Chinese	1,000	430	570	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italian	4,570	2,265	2,315	3.2	3.2	3.2
Indian (India)	1,900	890	1,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Ukrainian	2,470	1,215	1,250	1.7	1.7	1.7
Dutch	9,255	4,445	4,805	6.5	6.3	6.6
Polish	3,655	1,770	1,880	2.6	2.5	2.6
Québécois	495	250	245	0.3	0.4	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,110	2,965	3,150	4.3	4.2	4.4
Filipino	760	285	475	0.5	0.4	0.7
French Canadian	2,040	990	1,055	1.4	1.4	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,405	2,245	2,155	3.1	3.2	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,365	1,645	1,720	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis	2,580	1,350	1,230	1.8	1.9	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,930	865	1,070	1.3	1.2	1.5
Russian	960	425	535	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	795	370	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Welsh	3,395	1,655	1,740	2.4	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	930	465	465	0.6	0.7	0.6
American	1,450	760	690	1.0	1.1	1.0
Spanish	605	300	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	675	300	375	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	915	440	475	0.6	0.6	0.7
Acadian	620	305	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistani	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	490	195	300	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	65	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	885	485	400	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	810	450	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	210	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	430	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	195	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	590	325	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	650	290	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,310	600	710	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	640	355	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belgian	430	245	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	170	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	525	285	240	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	775	320	460	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	195	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	435	275	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	475	230	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	230	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	170	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	415	165	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	550	260	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,185	580	600	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Turkish	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	645	270	370	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	250	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	235	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israeli	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	3,125	1,510	1,615	2.2	2.1	2.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	390	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	143,200	70,800	72,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	100	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
Christian	78,495	36,560	41,940	54.8	51.6	57.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,145	4,565	4,580	6.4	6.4	6.3
Anabaptist	315	180	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	9,405	4,280	5,130	6.6	6.0	7.1
Baptist	1,940	875	1,060	1.4	1.2	1.5
Catholic	26,995	12,830	14,165	18.9	18.1	19.6
Christian Orthodox	940	475	465	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	560	215	345	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	330	130	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,120	530	590	0.8	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,170	480	690	0.8	0.7	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,400	1,025	1,370	1.7	1.4	1.9
Presbyterian	2,390	1,125	1,265	1.7	1.6	1.7
Reformed	1,045	480	565	0.7	0.7	0.8
United Church	15,240	6,845	8,400	10.6	9.7	11.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,510	2,510	2,995	3.8	3.5	4.1
Hindu	915	505	415	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	700	380	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	565	235	330	0.4	0.3	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	345	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	850	340	510	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	60,790	32,400	28,390	42.5	45.8	39.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	142,005	70,145	71,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	126,245	62,350	63,900	88.9	88.9	88.9
Movers	15,760	7,795	7,965	11.1	11.1	11.1
Non-migrants	6,105	3,000	3,100	4.3	4.3	4.3
Migrants	9,655	4,790	4,865	6.8	6.8	6.8
Internal migrants	9,370	4,665	4,705	6.6	6.7	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	8,390	4,165	4,225	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	980	500	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	136,435	67,315	69,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	81,155	39,975	41,180	59.5	59.4	59.6
Movers	55,275	27,340	27,945	40.5	40.6	40.4
Non-migrants	16,525	8,140	8,385	12.1	12.1	12.1
Migrants	38,755	19,200	19,555	28.4	28.5	28.3
Internal migrants	36,990	18,360	18,630	27.1	27.3	27.0
Intraprovincial migrants	33,055	16,370	16,680	24.2	24.3	24.1
Interprovincial migrants	3,935	1,985	1,950	2.9	2.9	2.8
External migrants	1,770	840	925	1.3	1.2	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,385	59,530	61,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,145	13,745	11,405	20.7	23.1	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,245	45,790	50,450	79.3	76.9	81.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,915	36,615	37,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,975	6,005	3,980	13.5	16.4	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,935	30,610	33,325	86.5	83.6	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,390	59,535	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,390	12,040	10,345	18.4	20.2	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	39,915	20,140	19,780	32.9	33.8	32.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,080	27,355	31,730	48.7	45.9	51.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,550	20,325	22,220	35.1	34.1	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,435	6,340	2,090	6.9	10.6	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,935	2,495	1,435	3.2	4.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,505	3,845	660	3.7	6.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	32,405	13,215	19,195	26.7	22.2	31.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710	770	935	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,530	7,025	9,505	13.6	11.8	15.4
Bachelor's degree	11,890	4,765	7,125	9.8	8.0	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	515	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	230	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,790	1,340	1,450	2.3	2.3	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,915	36,615	37,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,675	5,195	3,485	11.7	14.2	9.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,650	12,670	10,980	32.0	34.6	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,585	18,755	22,835	56.3	51.2	61.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,920	14,080	15,835	40.5	38.5	42.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,310	4,055	1,260	7.2	11.1	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,435	1,560	870	3.3	4.3	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,875	2,490	385	3.9	6.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,560	9,570	13,990	31.9	26.1	37.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	460	580	1.4	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,670	4,670	7,000	15.8	12.8	18.8
Bachelor's degree	8,530	3,255	5,280	11.5	8.9	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	350	445	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,855	820	1,035	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,385	59,535	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	62,305	32,180	30,125	51.3	54.1	48.7
Education	3,465	805	2,655	2.9	1.4	4.3
13. Education	3,465	805	2,655	2.9	1.4	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,820	840	985	1.5	1.4	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	275	90	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460	560	895	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	2,360	1,075	1,285	1.9	1.8	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	15	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	565	210	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	240	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	440	285	145	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	335	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,165	1,970	5,190	5.9	3.3	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	910	420	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,305	195	2,105	1.9	0.3	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	925	225	700	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	40	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,065	255	810	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,645	825	825	1.4	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	10,760	3,565	7,195	8.9	6.0	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,990	340	1,655	1.6	0.6	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,760	3,220	5,535	7.2	5.4	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,745	805	940	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	880	330	550	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	335	220	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,715	960	750	1.4	1.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,410	820	590	1.2	1.4	1.0
25. Library science	100	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,010	12,080	930	10.7	20.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	345	240	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,420	1,225	195	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,475	3,095	375	2.9	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,625	55	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,515	3,390	130	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,575	1,510	70	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,065	695	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,135	625	510	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	440	185	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	10,080	1,445	8,635	8.3	2.4	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735	335	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,225	1,035	8,185	7.6	1.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,180	2,725	2,460	4.3	4.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,175	505	1,670	1.8	0.8	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,970	1,270	700	1.6	2.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	890	815	70	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,915	36,615	37,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,330	17,865	14,470	43.7	48.8	38.8
Education	1,980	445	1,540	2.7	1.2	4.1
13. Education	1,980	445	1,540	2.7	1.2	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,290	530	760	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	170	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	360	695	1.4	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,565	705	865	2.1	1.9	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	375	130	245	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	185	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	165	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	255	135	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,395	1,375	4,020	7.3	3.8	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	760	340	425	1.0	0.9	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,795	135	1,665	2.4	0.4	4.5
22. Legal professions and studies	760	175	585	1.0	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	35	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	670	140	530	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,160	545	615	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	7,650	2,400	5,250	10.3	6.6	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,515	185	1,330	2.0	0.5	3.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,130	2,210	3,910	8.3	6.0	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,160	515	645	1.6	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575	205	370	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	240	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,240	735	505	1.7	2.0	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,085	670	410	1.5	1.8	1.1
25. Library science	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,955	8,230	720	12.1	22.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	240	160	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	995	835	160	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,400	2,100	300	3.2	5.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,875	1,835	45	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,410	2,305	105	3.3	6.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,035	1,000	40	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	670	610	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	835	390	445	1.1	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	275	165	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	7,175	1,080	6,095	9.7	2.9	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	260	310	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,535	780	5,760	8.8	2.1	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,880	2,060	1,820	5.2	5.6	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,540	365	1,175	2.1	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,560	980	575	2.1	2.7	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	675	620	55	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,915	36,615	37,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,330	17,865	14,470	43.7	48.8	38.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,585	18,750	22,830	56.3	51.2	61.2
Location of study inside Canada	38,885	17,480	21,405	52.6	47.7	57.4
Same as province or territory of residence	35,665	16,025	19,645	48.3	43.8	52.7
Different than province or territory of residence	3,220	1,455	1,760	4.4	4.0	4.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,700	1,275	1,430	3.7	3.5	3.8
Americas	770	425	350	1.0	1.2	0.9
United States of America	610	315	300	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mexico	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	610	270	340	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,160	490	670	1.6	1.3	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	250	55	200	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	605	325	275	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pakistan	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	105	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,390	59,535	61,850	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,035	34,865	32,170	...	...	...
Employed	59,330	31,310	28,020	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,700	3,550	4,145	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	54,350	24,670	29,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.2	58.6	52.0	55.2	58.6	52.0
Employment rate	48.9	52.6	45.3	48.9	52.6	45.3
Unemployment rate	11.5	10.2	12.9	11.5	10.2	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,385	59,535	61,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	53,825	24,370	29,460	44.3	40.9	47.6
Worked	67,560	35,165	32,395	55.7	59.1	52.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,440	20,945	15,495	30.0	35.2	25.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,120	14,220	16,900	25.6	23.9	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.9	40.6	41.8	42.9	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,035	34,865	32,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720	800	915	2.6	2.3	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,320	34,060	31,255	97.4	97.7	97.2
Employee	56,705	29,160	27,545	84.6	83.6	85.6
Permanent position	48,485	25,125	23,360	72.3	72.1	72.6
Temporary position	8,220	4,035	4,185	12.3	11.6	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,455	1,225	1,230	3.7	3.5	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,765	2,810	2,960	8.6	8.1	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,615	4,905	3,710	12.9	14.1	11.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,035	34,865	32,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720	800	915	2.6	2.3	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,320	34,060	31,255	97.4	97.7	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	270	180	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,270	2,190	6,080	12.3	6.3	18.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,210	2,540	670	4.8	7.3	2.1
3 Health occupations	5,490	825	4,665	8.2	2.4	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,205	3,700	5,505	13.7	10.6	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,290	575	720	1.9	1.6	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	16,535	6,390	10,145	24.7	18.3	31.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,730	12,475	1,250	20.5	35.8	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,930	1,455	475	2.9	4.2	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,200	3,640	1,560	7.8	10.4	4.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,035	34,865	32,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720	800	915	2.6	2.3	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	65,320	34,060	31,255	97.4	97.7	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,520	1,020	500	2.3	2.9	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	175	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	630	545	85	0.9	1.6	0.3
23 Construction	5,825	5,125	700	8.7	14.7	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,445	5,295	2,145	11.1	15.2	6.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,730	1,170	560	2.6	3.4	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	8,340	3,710	4,625	12.4	10.6	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,285	2,455	830	4.9	7.0	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	680	410	270	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,260	400	855	1.9	1.1	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840	440	400	1.3	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,760	1,305	1,455	4.1	3.7	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,490	1,925	1,560	5.2	5.5	4.8
61 Educational services	4,155	1,195	2,965	6.2	3.4	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	9,060	1,340	7,720	13.5	3.8	24.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	495	535	1.5	1.4	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,950	1,380	2,570	5.9	4.0	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,620	1,405	1,215	3.9	4.0	3.8
91 Public administration	6,435	4,210	2,230	9.6	12.1	6.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,560	37,540	35,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,160	36,415	33,745	96.7	97.0	96.4
French	205	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	1,435	710	730	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	595	235	360	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,560	37,540	35,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,225	37,405	34,820	99.5	99.6	99.4
Official languages	71,945	37,265	34,675	99.2	99.3	99.0
English	71,625	37,170	34,460	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	315	100	215	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official languages	280	135	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	340	135	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	245	95	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,560	37,540	35,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,820	36,710	34,115	97.6	97.8	97.4
English	250	70	180	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	1,090	600	495	1.5	1.6	1.4
Non-official language	335	130	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	310	130	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,330	31,310	28,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,310	3,860	5,445	15.7	12.3	19.4
Worked outside Canada	170	135	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,900	5,905	1,985	13.3	18.9	7.1
Usual place of work	41,955	21,405	20,550	70.7	68.4	73.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,955	21,405	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,225	10,920	11,305	53.0	51.0	55.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,595	6,275	6,320	30.0	29.3	30.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,050	4,140	2,905	16.8	19.3	14.1
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,855	27,315	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,030	25,435	20,595	92.3	93.1	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,640	23,850	18,790	85.5	87.3	83.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,385	1,585	1,800	6.8	5.8	8.0
Public transit	745	290	455	1.5	1.1	2.0
Walked	2,085	1,000	1,085	4.2	3.7	4.8
Bicycle	225	195	35	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	770	395	375	1.5	1.4	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,855	27,315	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,915	10,190	9,730	39.9	37.3	43.2
15 to 29 minutes	17,185	9,340	7,845	34.5	34.2	34.8
30 to 44 minutes	7,230	4,010	3,220	14.5	14.7	14.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,455	1,450	1,000	4.9	5.3	4.4
60 minutes and over	3,065	2,320	745	6.1	8.5	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,855	27,315	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,605	3,155	1,450	9.2	11.6	6.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,690	7,020	3,665	21.4	25.7	16.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,180	7,335	5,850	26.4	26.9	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,890	3,635	5,255	17.8	13.3	23.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,625	1,835	2,790	9.3	6.7	12.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,865	4,335	3,535	15.8	15.9	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,675	13,725	12,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,335	1,155	1,180	8.8	8.4	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,345	12,565	11,780	91.3	91.5	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,465	9,910	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,715	840	870	8.8	8.5	9.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,030	485	545	5.3	4.9	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	690	360	330	3.5	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,750	9,065	8,685	91.2	91.5	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table