Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Peterborough, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	147,681	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	138,236	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	73,045	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	61,741	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,779.47	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	147,680	71,560	76,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,250	10,895	10,350	14.4	15.2	13.6
0 to 4 years	6,480	3,355	3,120	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	7,405	3,845	3,555	5.0	5.4	4.7
10 to 14 years	7,375	3,695	3,680	5.0	5.2	4.8
15 to 64 years	89,150	43,485	45,665	60.4	60.8	60.0
15 to 19 years	7,160	3,645	3,515	4.8	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	8,680	4,315	4,360	5.9	6.0	5.7
25 to 29 years	8,855	4,410	4,450	6.0	6.2	5.8
30 to 34 years	8,825	4,370	4,455	6.0	6.1	5.9
35 to 39 years	8,740	4,315	4,425	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	7,595	3,665	3,930	5.1	5.1	5.2
45 to 49 years	7,690	3,825	3,865	5.2	5.3	5.1
50 to 54 years	8,470	4,020	4,455	5.7	5.6	5.9
55 to 59 years	10,980	5,220	5,765	7.4	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	12,160	5,710	6,455	8.2	8.0	8.5
65 years and over	37,275	17,175	20,100	25.2	24.0	26.4
65 to 69 years	11,250	5,405	5,845	7.6	7.6	7.7
70 to 74 years	9,860	4,705	5,155	6.7	6.6	6.8
75 to 79 years	6,810	3,215	3,590	4.6	4.5	4.7
80 to 84 years	4,440	2,005	2,430	3.0	2.8	3.2
85 years and over	4,920	1,850	3,070	3.3	2.6	4.0
85 to 89 years	2,890	1,205	1,685	2.0	1.7	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,485	520	965	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	480	105	375	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.6	14.4	15.2	13.6
15 to 64 years	60.4	60.8	60.0	60.4	60.8	60.0
65 years and over	25.2	24.0	26.4	25.2	24.0	26.4
85 years and over	3.3	2.6	4.0	3.3	2.6	4.0
Average age of the population	45.2	44.1	46.2	45.2	44.1	46.2
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.4	46.8	45.2	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	44,870	...	...	72.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	945	...	...	1.5	...	...
Row house	3,220	...	...	5.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,810	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,000	...	...	11.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,595	...	...	4.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	61,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,425	...	...	28.2	...	...
2 persons	23,790	...	...	38.5	...	...
3 persons	8,810	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	7,370	...	...	11.9	...	...
5 or more persons	4,340	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	144,840	70,485	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	126,430	60,660	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	72,935	36,375	36,565	57.7	60.0	55.6
Married	58,140	29,010	29,130	46.0	47.8	44.3
Living common-law	14,800	7,360	7,435	11.7	12.1	11.3
Living common law - Never married	10,115	5,070	5,045	8.0	8.4	7.7
Living common law - Separated	860	440	420	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,300	1,630	1,670	2.6	2.7	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	520	220	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	53,490	24,290	29,205	42.3	40.0	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,340	17,200	15,135	25.6	28.4	23.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,960	1,690	2,270	3.1	2.8	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,390	3,435	4,960	6.6	5.7	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,800	1,960	6,835	7.0	3.2	10.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	42,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,885	...	...	58.4	...	...
3 persons	8,140	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	6,750	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,815	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	42,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,715	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	28,315	...	...	66.5	...	...
With children⁶	12,370	...	...	29.0	...	...
Without children	15,945	...	...	37.4	...	...
Common-law couples	7,395	...	...	17.4	...	...
With children⁶	2,745	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	4,650	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,875	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,360	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	144,840	70,485	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	116,220	57,440	58,785	80.2	81.5	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,430	35,625	35,800	49.3	50.5	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	6,875	1,515	5,360	4.7	2.1	7.2
Children⁶	37,925	20,290	17,630	26.2	28.8	23.7
In a two-parent family	27,525	14,570	12,960	19.0	20.7	17.4
In a one-parent family	10,395	5,720	4,670	7.2	8.1	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,620	13,050	15,565	19.8	18.5	20.9
Living alone	17,430	7,500	9,930	12.0	10.6	13.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,325	1,370	1,955	2.3	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	7,865	4,185	3,680	5.4	5.9	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	37,185	...	...	60.2	...	...
Couple-family households	32,040	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	13,470	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	18,570	...	...	30.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,145	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,695	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	385	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,065	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,980	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	17,430	...	...	28.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,850	57,555	62,295	97.0	96.6	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,600	39,200	43,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,895	57,585	62,315	97.0	96.6	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,800	35,600	39,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,995	51,525	54,470	85.7	86.4	85.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,000	26,000	31,800	38,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,760	41,290	39,470	65.3	69.3	61.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,800	28,600	31,400	34,800	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,940	52,175	57,765	88.9	87.5	90.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	10,000	12,400	11,400	10,000	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,535	4,915	5,625	8.5	8.2	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,680	5,640	5,520	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,325	14,955	16,370	25.3	25.1	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,765	57,505	62,260	96.9	96.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	57,050	44,120	50,360	57,050	44,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,815	57,535	62,280	96.9	96.5	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	47,360	38,240	42,640	47,360	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,025	51,795	54,230	85.8	86.9	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	52,400	37,120	44,600	52,400	37,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,760	41,415	39,345	65.3	69.5	61.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,280	48,240	38,040	43,280	48,240	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,945	52,225	57,725	88.9	87.6	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,840	10,860	12,720	11,840	10,860	12,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,735	5,095	5,640	8.7	8.5	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,330	7,160	6,770	6,330	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,045	14,705	16,340	25.1	24.7	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,550	8,930	8,750	8,550	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	123,620	59,615	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,795	19,000	15,790	28.1	31.9	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	65,500	56,000	61,200	65,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	78,100	63,150	71,300	78,100	63,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,065	14,590	17,480	25.9	24.5	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,200	16,200	17,000	18,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	29,120	23,540	26,080	29,120	23,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.8	73.2	78.4	82.8	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.0	60.9	54.5	58.0	60.9	54.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	17.3	26.7	21.6	17.3	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.4	5.3	4.3	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.3	4.5	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,770	2,060	1,710	3.0	3.5	2.7
With total income	119,850	57,555	62,295	97.0	96.6	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820	3,940	4,880	7.4	6.8	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	15,920	6,650	9,270	13.3	11.6	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	20,015	8,345	11,670	16.7	14.5	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	16,280	7,160	9,120	13.6	12.4	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	14,465	6,865	7,605	12.1	11.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,135	5,540	5,595	9.3	9.6	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,285	4,200	4,085	6.9	7.3	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,205	3,440	2,765	5.2	6.0	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,515	2,590	1,920	3.8	4.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	2,010	1,510	2.9	3.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	10,695	6,820	3,880	8.9	11.8	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	7,475	4,570	2,905	6.2	7.9	4.7
$150,000 and over	3,215	2,245	975	2.7	3.9	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,725	2,030	1,695	3.0	3.4	2.6
With after-tax income	119,895	57,580	62,315	97.0	96.6	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,470	4,135	5,335	7.9	7.2	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	16,505	6,905	9,600	13.8	12.0	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	22,610	9,530	13,080	18.9	16.6	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	19,245	8,755	10,490	16.1	15.2	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	16,035	7,935	8,105	13.4	13.8	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,265	5,725	5,535	9.4	9.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,910	4,335	3,575	6.6	7.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,200	2,970	2,225	4.3	5.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,265	2,340	1,925	3.6	4.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	1,450	860	1.9	2.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	5,085	3,485	1,595	4.2	6.1	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,630	1,785	845	2.2	3.1	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,450	1,705	745	2.0	3.0	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	42,860	18,325	24,540	34.7	30.7	38.3
With employment income	80,760	41,290	39,475	65.3	69.3	61.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,135	8,180	6,960	18.7	19.8	17.6
$5,000 to $9,999	6,585	2,875	3,715	8.2	7.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,020	4,455	5,565	12.4	10.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,565	3,500	4,065	9.4	8.5	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,385	3,465	3,920	9.1	8.4	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,895	3,260	3,635	8.5	7.9	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,720	2,900	2,820	7.1	7.0	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	2,515	2,220	5.9	6.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	2,030	1,575	4.5	4.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,700	1,230	3.6	4.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,870	1,505	1,370	3.6	3.6	3.5
$100,000 and over	7,300	4,905	2,395	9.0	11.9	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,760	2,370	1,390	4.7	5.7	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,540	2,540	1,005	4.4	6.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,935	56,570	61,370	95.4	94.9	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,200	37,200	42,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	118,000	56,580	61,425	95.5	94.9	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,600	34,000	38,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	105,285	51,080	54,205	85.2	85.7	84.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,400	33,600	39,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,575	41,525	40,050	66.0	69.7	62.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	30,600	33,600	36,800	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,640	49,670	54,970	84.6	83.3	85.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	3,480	8,000	6,550	3,480	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,510	3,915	4,590	6.9	6.6	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,400	5,280	5,360	5,400	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,970	56,550	61,420	95.4	94.9	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	56,000	41,760	48,600	56,000	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	118,055	56,565	61,485	95.5	94.9	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,000	36,040	40,800	46,000	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,565	51,355	54,210	85.4	86.2	84.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	54,000	37,600	45,560	54,000	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,720	41,675	40,040	66.1	69.9	62.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,040	38,440	44,360	50,040	38,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,680	49,705	54,975	84.7	83.4	85.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,810	7,940	9,590	8,810	7,940	9,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,500	3,865	4,635	6.9	6.5	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,210	7,150	6,720	6,210	7,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	123,620	59,615	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,505	18,830	15,675	27.9	31.6	24.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	63,200	52,400	58,400	63,200	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	75,800	59,950	68,600	75,800	59,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,510	13,880	16,635	24.7	23.3	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	24,400	20,800	22,400	24,400	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	36,560	28,160	32,000	36,560	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.6	79.4	84.0	87.6	79.4
Employment income (%)	63.2	65.8	60.0	63.2	65.8	60.0
Government transfers (%)	16.1	12.5	20.6	16.1	12.5	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	61,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	61,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,760	...	...	48,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,680	...	...	41,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	61,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,350	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,490	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,345	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,150	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,410	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,560	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,485	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,010	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,350	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,030	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,585	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,705	...	...	36.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,370	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,030	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,590	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,715	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	61,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	540	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	750	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,395	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,615	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,745	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,425	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,830	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,920	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,885	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,800	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,435	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,935	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,465	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,970	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,675	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,125	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,245	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,295	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	42,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,295	11,680	13,615	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,000	34,400	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	32,000	31,600	31,800	32,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	42,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,200	...	...	150,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,995	11,375	13,620	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	45,920	42,160	43,880	45,920	42,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	37,000	38,000	39,200	37,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,395	13,050	12,345	17.5	18.5	16.6
0 to 5 years	7,910	4,105	3,800	5.5	5.8	5.1
18 to 64 years	84,395	40,925	43,465	58.3	58.1	58.5
65 years and over	35,055	16,515	18,540	24.2	23.4	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,725	7,290	8,440	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,895	1,495	1,395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	930	470	460	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,865	4,245	4,625	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,965	1,545	2,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.3	11.4	10.9	10.3	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.4	12.2	11.8	11.4	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.4	10.6	10.5	10.4	10.6
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.4	13.0	11.3	9.4	13.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	143,255	69,720	73,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,095	12,885	12,210	17.5	18.5	16.6
0 to 5 years	7,820	4,060	3,760	5.5	5.8	5.1
18 to 64 years	83,465	40,490	42,975	58.3	58.1	58.4
65 years and over	34,695	16,345	18,345	24.2	23.4	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,185	3,245	2,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	635	310	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	95	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,100	2,735	2,365	...	...	...
65 years and over	450	200	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.7	4.0	4.3	4.7	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.8	5.5	6.1	6.8	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	144,840	70,485	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	76,430	36,365	40,065	52.8	51.6	53.9
In bottom decile	15,315	7,395	7,920	10.6	10.5	10.7
In second decile	15,470	6,995	8,475	10.7	9.9	11.4
In third decile	15,420	7,315	8,110	10.6	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	15,165	7,320	7,845	10.5	10.4	10.6
In fifth decile	15,060	7,350	7,715	10.4	10.4	10.4
In top half of the distribution	68,410	34,125	34,290	47.2	48.4	46.1
In sixth decile	14,855	7,320	7,535	10.3	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	14,150	7,020	7,130	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	13,980	6,990	6,995	9.7	9.9	9.4
In ninth decile	13,670	6,855	6,820	9.4	9.7	9.2
In top decile	11,755	5,940	5,810	8.1	8.4	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	144,840	...	...	144,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	135,640	66,680	68,965	92.9	93.9	91.9
French only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,970	4,135	5,835	6.8	5.8	7.8
Neither English nor French	410	175	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	144,175	70,185	73,990	98.7	98.9	98.6
French	1,290	550	740	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	380	160	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,115	70,090	74,025	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	135,745	66,060	69,680	92.9	93.0	92.8
English	134,355	65,465	68,890	92.0	92.2	91.8
French	1,385	595	790	0.9	0.8	1.1
Non-official languages	8,370	4,030	4,340	5.7	5.7	5.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,295	4,000	4,295	5.7	5.6	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	535	285	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	515	275	240	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	260	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	115	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	400	165	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	375	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,345	2,645	2,705	3.7	3.7	3.6
Albanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,055	485	570	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,015	465	550	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	515	235	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,425	660	760	1.0	0.9	1.0
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	770	345	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	740	330	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	560	270	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	525	245	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,470	810	655	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,190	670	525	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	325	190	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	285	170	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	275	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,185	580	605	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	470	220	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	245	105	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	660	285	370	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	650	280	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	235	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,930	905	1,030	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	575	245	330	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,185	585	600	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	136,905	66,650	70,255	93.7	93.9	93.6
French	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,505	750	755	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,500	750	750	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	1,330	565	765	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	5,645	2,720	2,925	3.9	3.8	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,780	70,385	74,390	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	141,510	68,775	72,730	96.9	96.9	96.9
English	141,190	68,630	72,555	96.7	96.7	96.7
French	325	150	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,270	1,610	1,655	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,255	1,605	1,650	2.2	2.3	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	175	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	315	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	200	110	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,620	815	800	1.1	1.1	1.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	450	385	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	670	365	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	185	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	165	100	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	320	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	420	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,270	610	660	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	190	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,040	505	530	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	146,045	70,995	75,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,635	67,985	71,655	95.6	95.8	95.5
English	1,480	705	775	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	1,070	455	615	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	3,085	1,455	1,625	2.1	2.0	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,865	1,355	1,505	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	340	180	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	144,840	70,490	74,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	144,425	70,315	74,115	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	144,420	70,315	74,110	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	9,940	4,005	5,930	6.9	5.7	8.0
Non-official languages	12,530	6,025	6,500	8.7	8.5	8.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	435	175	255	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	400	165	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	375	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	375	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	80	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	320	125	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,125	5,865	6,265	8.4	8.3	8.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	680	325	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	655	315	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	580	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	305	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	230	310	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	495	210	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	595	345	250	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,455	4,190	4,260	5.8	5.9	5.7
Albanian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,295	550	745	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,260	545	715	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	750	335	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,190	1,085	1,105	1.5	1.5	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,445	730	715	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	1,420	720	695	1.0	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	335	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	615	295	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,380	1,280	1,100	1.6	1.8	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,005	1,115	895	1.4	1.6	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	495	270	220	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	1,245	710	535	0.9	1.0	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	625	385	235	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	360	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	405	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,510	1,250	1,260	1.7	1.8	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	300	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	355	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	105	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,605	785	820	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	235	95	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775	350	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	715	320	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	495	235	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,095	3,355	3,740	4.9	4.8	5.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,760	3,205	3,560	4.7	4.5	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,830	2,335	2,500	3.3	3.3	3.4
Métis	1,880	850	1,030	1.3	1.2	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	137,745	67,130	70,615	95.1	95.2	95.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,120	1,485	1,635	2.2	2.1	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	141,720	69,005	72,715	97.8	97.9	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,725	...	...	72.4	...	...
Renter	16,955	...	...	27.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,445	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not condominium	59,295	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,965	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,730	...	...	22.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,700	...	...	38.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,065	...	...	29.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,210	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,800	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	9,765	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	9,215	...	...	14.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,755	...	...	35.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	61,330	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	59,830	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,915	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,365	...	...	31.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,785	...	...	28.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,165	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,750	...	...	9.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,730	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,855	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,310	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,780	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	57,800	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,940	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,015	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	29,040	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,690	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,710	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,190	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,500	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,870	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,135	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,640	...	...	20.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,035	...	...	11.4	...	...
85 years and over	2,660	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	60,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,505	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,725	...	...	21.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,715	...	...	19.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	61,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,865	...	...	27.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,225	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,350	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,625	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	350	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,110	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	44,875	...	...	72.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	59,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,435	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not in core need	52,790	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,495	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.9	...	...	53.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	622,500	...	...	622,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,860	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.5	...	...	42.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.2	...	...	27.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,198	...	...	1,198	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	516	...	...	516	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	580	...	...	580	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	144,840	70,485	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,675	1,245	1,435	1.8	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,605	1,215	1,395	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,215	1,050	1,160	1.5	1.5	1.6
Métis single ancestry	385	160	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,320	3,015	3,305	4.4	4.3	4.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,155	2,955	3,200	4.2	4.2	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,795	2,285	2,505	3.3	3.2	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,330	660	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	135,845	66,230	69,615	93.8	94.0	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	144,840	70,485	74,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	140,640	68,355	72,285	97.1	97.0	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,050	12,900	12,155	17.3	18.3	16.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	115,590	55,455	60,130	79.8	78.7	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,200	2,135	2,065	2.9	3.0	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	144,840	70,485	74,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	130,625	63,530	67,090	90.2	90.1	90.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,590	6,035	6,555	8.7	8.6	8.8
Before 1980	5,880	2,845	3,035	4.1	4.0	4.1
1980 to 1990	1,455	700	760	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,360	630	735	0.9	0.9	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,710	765	940	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,180	1,095	1,085	1.5	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2015	830	405	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	1,355	690	660	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,625	920	700	1.1	1.3	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,590	6,035	6,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,800	890	910	14.3	14.7	13.9
5 to 14 years	2,735	1,370	1,365	21.7	22.7	20.8
15 to 24 years	2,645	1,230	1,415	21.0	20.4	21.6
25 to 44 years	4,605	2,160	2,450	36.6	35.8	37.4
45 years and over	805	395	415	6.4	6.5	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,590	6,035	6,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,925	925	1,005	15.3	15.3	15.3
Brazil	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	100	65	35	0.8	1.1	0.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	150	85	60	1.2	1.4	0.9
Haiti	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jamaica	165	85	75	1.3	1.4	1.1
Mexico	85	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
Peru	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	70	40	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
United States of America	930	375	550	7.4	6.2	8.4
Other places of birth in Americas	345	190	155	2.7	3.1	2.4
Europe	6,560	3,155	3,410	52.1	52.3	52.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Croatia	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	725	375	350	5.8	6.2	5.3
Greece	60	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hungary	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italy	255	150	105	2.0	2.5	1.6
Netherlands	615	310	300	4.9	5.1	4.6
Poland	445	180	265	3.5	3.0	4.0
Portugal	125	55	70	1.0	0.9	1.1
Romania	100	50	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,175	1,550	1,630	25.2	25.7	24.9
Other places of birth in Europe	760	330	430	6.0	5.5	6.6
Africa	555	285	270	4.4	4.7	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	40	45	0.6	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	25	40	0.6	0.4	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	75	55	1.0	1.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	250	130	120	2.0	2.2	1.8
Asia	3,415	1,605	1,810	27.1	26.6	27.6
Afghanistan	150	75	80	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	95	50	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lebanon	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	140	2.3	2.4	2.1
Turkey	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	415	165	245	3.3	2.7	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	270	110	160	2.1	1.8	2.4
Taiwan	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	495	215	280	3.9	3.6	4.3
Viet Nam	230	105	130	1.8	1.7	2.0
Bangladesh	50	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
India	650	330	315	5.2	5.5	4.8
Pakistan	210	115	95	1.7	1.9	1.4
Sri Lanka	115	55	60	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	270	140	130	2.1	2.3	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	65	65	1.0	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,355	690	665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	135	90	17.0	19.6	13.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	1.1	1.4	1.5
Mexico	40	25	15	3.0	3.6	2.3
United States of America	75	35	40	5.5	5.1	6.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10	0.7	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	70	45	25	5.2	6.5	3.8
Europe	125	70	55	9.2	10.1	8.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.3
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	45	25	5.5	6.5	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.5
Africa	90	30	60	6.6	4.3	9.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	15	2.6	2.2	2.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.3
Asia	905	455	450	66.8	65.9	67.7
Afghanistan	30	15	15	2.2	2.2	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	25	2.6	0.0	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	130	75	15.5	18.8	11.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	15	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.1	1.4	1.5
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	20	15	2.2	2.9	2.3
Philippines	160	85	75	11.8	12.3	11.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	25	3.0	2.2	3.8
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	135	21.0	21.0	20.3
Turkey	15	10	10	1.1	1.4	1.5
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	1.8	0.0	3.8
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	1.5	1.4	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,265	7,445	7,820	10.5	10.6	10.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,690	9,950	10,740	14.3	14.1	14.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	108,885	53,090	55,785	75.2	75.3	75.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,710	3,195	3,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,070	1,575	1,500	45.8	49.3	42.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,375	875	495	20.5	27.4	14.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,695	695	1,000	25.3	21.8	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,240	895	1,345	33.4	28.0	38.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,310	675	640	19.5	21.1	18.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	55	35	1.3	1.7	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,710	3,195	3,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	365	185	185	5.4	5.8	5.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	825	460	360	12.3	14.4	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	105	95	3.0	3.3	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	205	225	6.4	6.4	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	15	65	1.3	0.5	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,805	2,225	2,585	71.6	69.6	73.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,595	4,850	4,745	6.6	6.9	6.4
South Asian	3,030	1,700	1,330	2.1	2.4	1.8
Chinese	1,085	500	595	0.7	0.7	0.8
Black	1,620	825	795	1.1	1.2	1.1
Filipino	690	295	395	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	510	260	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	530	315	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	580	260	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	345	165	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	385	175	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	320	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	340	140	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	135,245	65,635	69,610	93.4	93.1	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	144,840	70,490	74,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	24,775	12,290	12,490	17.1	17.4	16.8
English	48,790	23,440	25,355	33.7	33.3	34.1
Irish	43,495	20,250	23,245	30.0	28.7	31.3
Scottish	36,320	17,275	19,045	25.1	24.5	25.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,980	6,090	6,890	9.0	8.6	9.3
German	13,255	6,280	6,970	9.2	8.9	9.4
Chinese	1,240	575	665	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italian	5,705	2,865	2,845	3.9	4.1	3.8
Indian (India)	1,930	1,130	805	1.3	1.6	1.1
Ukrainian	2,785	1,365	1,420	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	8,435	3,995	4,435	5.8	5.7	6.0
Polish	4,045	1,880	2,170	2.8	2.7	2.9
Québécois	210	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,800	3,820	3,970	5.4	5.4	5.3
Filipino	735	305	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
French Canadian	1,745	690	1,055	1.2	1.0	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,400	1,725	1,670	2.3	2.4	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,995	1,425	1,575	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis	1,945	900	1,040	1.3	1.3	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,695	1,325	1,370	1.9	1.9	1.8
Russian	765	310	450	0.5	0.4	0.6
Norwegian	970	390	580	0.7	0.6	0.8
Welsh	3,645	1,645	2,000	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	1,005	510	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	1,535	760	780	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	700	325	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	850	345	500	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	1,085	545	540	0.7	0.8	0.7
Acadian	365	160	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	350	155	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	625	280	340	0.4	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	605	315	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	600	290	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	380	170	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	380	170	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	380	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	100	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	505	265	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	820	400	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,035	440	590	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sikh	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	640	295	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	480	235	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	295	180	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	555	250	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	690	325	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	245	85	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	470	265	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	425	220	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	280	155	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,275	650	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
Newfoundlander	430	210	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,180	595	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	275	100	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	220	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	200	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	270	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	460	230	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	144,840	70,490	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	450	185	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	76,975	35,295	41,680	53.1	50.1	56.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,060	4,120	4,940	6.3	5.8	6.6
Anabaptist	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	9,155	4,010	5,140	6.3	5.7	6.9
Baptist	1,850	825	1,025	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	28,985	13,575	15,410	20.0	19.3	20.7
Christian Orthodox	545	250	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	290	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	285	100	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	690	320	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	605	260	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,105	980	1,125	1.5	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	2,615	1,175	1,440	1.8	1.7	1.9
Reformed	545	290	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Church	14,160	6,385	7,775	9.8	9.1	10.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,985	2,850	3,140	4.1	4.0	4.2
Hindu	1,250	745	505	0.9	1.1	0.7
Jewish	355	180	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	1,410	650	755	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sikh	360	210	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	345	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,335	505	825	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	62,360	32,575	29,785	43.1	46.2	40.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	143,725	69,930	73,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	128,250	62,510	65,740	89.2	89.4	89.1
Movers	15,480	7,420	8,065	10.8	10.6	10.9
Non-migrants	7,540	3,635	3,905	5.2	5.2	5.3
Migrants	7,935	3,785	4,155	5.5	5.4	5.6
Internal migrants	7,605	3,630	3,975	5.3	5.2	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,225	3,435	3,795	5.0	4.9	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	330	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	138,360	67,125	71,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,335	41,815	44,520	62.4	62.3	62.5
Movers	52,025	25,315	26,715	37.6	37.7	37.5
Non-migrants	17,155	8,345	8,810	12.4	12.4	12.4
Migrants	34,875	16,970	17,905	25.2	25.3	25.1
Internal migrants	32,285	15,600	16,690	23.3	23.2	23.4
Intraprovincial migrants	30,760	14,865	15,895	22.2	22.1	22.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,525	725	795	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	2,590	1,375	1,215	1.9	2.0	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	123,620	59,615	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,020	11,265	9,755	17.0	18.9	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	102,595	48,345	54,255	83.0	81.1	84.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,840	35,230	37,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,515	4,430	3,090	10.3	12.6	8.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,325	30,795	34,525	89.7	87.4	91.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,510	9,795	8,715	15.0	16.4	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,470	18,850	18,625	30.3	31.6	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	67,635	30,970	36,670	54.7	52.0	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,660	19,720	21,940	33.7	33.1	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,775	5,760	2,015	6.3	9.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,265	2,060	1,205	2.6	3.5	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,510	3,695	810	3.6	6.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	32,005	13,215	18,790	25.9	22.2	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,880	745	1,135	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,975	11,245	14,730	21.0	18.9	23.0
Bachelor's degree	18,065	7,545	10,520	14.6	12.7	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	720	950	1.4	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	670	365	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	4,670	2,095	2,570	3.8	3.5	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	895	525	375	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,840	35,225	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,450	3,850	2,600	8.9	10.9	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,100	11,135	8,965	27.6	31.6	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,290	20,240	26,045	63.6	57.5	69.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,855	12,915	14,935	38.2	36.7	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,450	3,250	1,200	6.1	9.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,860	1,180	675	2.6	3.3	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,585	2,065	520	3.5	5.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,340	9,210	13,130	30.7	26.1	34.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	445	615	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,440	7,330	11,110	25.3	20.8	29.5
Bachelor's degree	12,935	5,080	7,850	17.8	14.4	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	420	705	1.5	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	235	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	3,325	1,310	2,010	4.6	3.7	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	565	280	280	0.8	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	123,620	59,610	64,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,985	28,645	27,340	45.3	48.1	42.7
Education	4,585	1,095	3,495	3.7	1.8	5.5
13. Education	4,585	1,095	3,495	3.7	1.8	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,190	965	1,220	1.8	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	335	270	65	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,855	700	1,155	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	3,700	1,515	2,190	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	45	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,075	310	760	0.9	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	280	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	255	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	730	405	325	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,445	2,595	5,845	6.8	4.4	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	65	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	250	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,720	95	1,630	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,190	330	860	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	325	120	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,595	395	1,200	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,770	1,340	1,430	2.2	2.2	2.2
Business, management and public administration	11,720	4,565	7,155	9.5	7.7	11.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,655	310	1,350	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,045	4,250	5,795	8.1	7.1	9.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,805	1,340	1,465	2.3	2.2	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,490	645	850	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	405	175	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,020	1,230	795	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,490	960	530	1.2	1.6	0.8
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,630	11,800	835	10.2	19.8	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	280	190	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,655	1,400	255	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,435	3,130	305	2.8	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,055	2,990	70	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,725	2,675	50	2.2	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,480	1,410	70	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,140	1,215	920	1.7	2.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,020	540	480	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,120	680	440	0.9	1.1	0.7
Health and related fields	12,115	2,005	10,105	9.8	3.4	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,100	545	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,745	1,335	9,415	8.7	2.2	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,225	2,620	2,610	4.2	4.4	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,365	540	1,820	1.9	0.9	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,035	1,300	735	1.6	2.2	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	795	745	50	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,840	35,230	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,550	14,985	11,565	36.4	42.5	30.7
Education	3,000	660	2,340	4.1	1.9	6.2
13. Education	3,000	660	2,340	4.1	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,435	595	845	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	135	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,260	460	800	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,250	880	1,375	3.1	2.5	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	25	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	655	185	470	0.9	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345	150	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	125	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	480	245	235	0.7	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,075	1,695	4,380	8.3	4.8	11.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	200	50	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	185	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,265	75	1,190	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	890	215	675	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	95	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	1,095	205	885	1.5	0.6	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,920	870	1,045	2.6	2.5	2.8
Business, management and public administration	8,240	3,025	5,215	11.3	8.6	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,290	205	1,090	1.8	0.6	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,930	2,820	4,115	9.5	8.0	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,905	835	1,070	2.6	2.4	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,065	455	615	1.5	1.3	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	130	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	365	225	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,465	955	510	2.0	2.7	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,155	795	360	1.6	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,940	7,295	645	10.9	20.7	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	215	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,095	875	225	1.5	2.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,180	1,940	235	3.0	5.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,900	1,855	45	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,675	25	2.3	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	850	805	45	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625	840	785	2.2	2.4	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	760	350	410	1.0	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	870	485	375	1.2	1.4	1.0
Health and related fields	8,370	1,450	6,925	11.5	4.1	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840	395	445	1.2	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,320	970	6,355	10.0	2.8	16.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,945	1,995	1,950	5.4	5.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,770	435	1,335	2.4	1.2	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,590	995	590	2.2	2.8	1.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	550	25	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,840	35,230	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,550	14,985	11,565	36.4	42.5	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,290	20,245	26,050	63.6	57.5	69.3
Location of study inside Canada	43,040	18,700	24,345	59.1	53.1	64.7
Same as province or territory of residence	41,040	17,775	23,265	56.3	50.5	61.9
Different than province or territory of residence	2,000	920	1,080	2.7	2.6	2.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,250	1,545	1,705	4.5	4.4	4.5
Americas	990	440	550	1.4	1.2	1.5
United States of America	790	340	450	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	905	480	425	1.2	1.4	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	470	250	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,155	540	615	1.6	1.5	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	535	285	250	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	110	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	123,620	59,610	64,010	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,275	35,740	34,535	...	...	...
Employed	61,275	31,460	29,815	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,995	4,275	4,725	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,345	23,875	29,475	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.8	60.0	54.0	56.8	60.0	54.0
Employment rate	49.6	52.8	46.6	49.6	52.8	46.6
Unemployment rate	12.8	12.0	13.7	12.8	12.0	13.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	123,620	59,610	64,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	53,560	24,240	29,325	43.3	40.7	45.8
Worked	70,055	35,375	34,685	56.7	59.3	54.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,720	19,595	16,125	28.9	32.9	25.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,335	15,780	18,560	27.8	26.5	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.7	40.5	41.1	41.7	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,275	35,735	34,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,020	1,030	990	2.9	2.9	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,255	34,705	33,545	97.1	97.1	97.1
Employee	57,575	28,185	29,390	81.9	78.9	85.1
Permanent position	48,625	23,770	24,860	69.2	66.5	72.0
Temporary position	8,950	4,415	4,535	12.7	12.4	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,455	1,055	1,395	3.5	3.0	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,495	3,360	3,140	9.2	9.4	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,680	6,520	4,155	15.2	18.2	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,275	35,735	34,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,020	1,030	990	2.9	2.9	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,255	34,705	33,545	97.1	97.1	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	730	470	265	1.0	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,660	2,725	6,940	13.7	7.6	20.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,115	3,170	940	5.9	8.9	2.7
3 Health occupations	6,750	1,120	5,630	9.6	3.1	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,365	3,150	6,210	13.3	8.8	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,925	835	1,090	2.7	2.3	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	18,390	8,015	10,375	26.2	22.4	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,620	11,615	1,005	18.0	32.5	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835	1,420	415	2.6	4.0	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,860	2,185	675	4.1	6.1	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,275	35,735	34,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,020	1,030	990	2.9	2.9	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	68,255	34,705	33,545	97.1	97.1	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,560	970	590	2.2	2.7	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	320	305	15	0.5	0.9	0.0
22 Utilities	1,125	945	185	1.6	2.6	0.5
23 Construction	6,570	5,930	640	9.3	16.6	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,620	3,490	1,130	6.6	9.8	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,985	1,415	570	2.8	4.0	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	8,895	4,190	4,705	12.7	11.7	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,465	1,810	655	3.5	5.1	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,010	615	395	1.4	1.7	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,815	715	1,100	2.6	2.0	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,120	585	535	1.6	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,955	2,005	1,950	5.6	5.6	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,580	2,070	1,505	5.1	5.8	4.4
61 Educational services	5,860	1,855	4,005	8.3	5.2	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	11,155	1,920	9,230	15.9	5.4	26.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,720	895	825	2.4	2.5	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,035	1,810	2,220	5.7	5.1	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,000	1,425	1,570	4.3	4.0	4.5
91 Public administration	3,405	1,730	1,670	4.8	4.8	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	75,305	37,980	37,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,805	37,435	36,365	98.0	98.6	97.4
French	140	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	750	230	520	1.0	0.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	455	190	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	75,305	37,980	37,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,135	37,930	37,210	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	74,925	37,815	37,105	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	74,670	37,755	36,920	99.2	99.4	98.9
French	250	65	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	165	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	120	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	75,305	37,980	37,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,210	37,575	36,635	98.5	98.9	98.2
English	195	60	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	520	175	345	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	260	105	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,275	31,465	29,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,265	5,870	7,390	21.6	18.7	24.8
Worked outside Canada	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,015	6,120	1,895	13.1	19.5	6.4
Usual place of work	39,870	19,405	20,460	65.1	61.7	68.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,870	19,410	20,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,395	9,525	11,865	53.7	49.1	58.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,445	5,490	5,950	28.7	28.3	29.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,970	4,360	2,610	17.5	22.5	12.8
Commute to a different province or territory	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,885	25,525	22,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,725	23,025	19,700	89.2	90.2	88.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,440	21,415	18,030	82.4	83.9	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,280	1,610	1,675	6.8	6.3	7.5
Public transit	1,075	395	675	2.2	1.5	3.0
Walked	2,730	1,350	1,380	5.7	5.3	6.2
Bicycle	425	295	125	0.9	1.2	0.6
Other method	935	465	475	2.0	1.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,885	25,525	22,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,945	8,880	10,065	39.6	34.8	45.0
15 to 29 minutes	14,485	7,410	7,075	30.2	29.0	31.6
30 to 44 minutes	7,090	4,095	2,995	14.8	16.0	13.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,065	1,835	1,230	6.4	7.2	5.5
60 minutes and over	4,300	3,305	990	9.0	12.9	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,885	25,525	22,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,690	2,590	1,095	7.7	10.1	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,390	5,180	3,210	17.5	20.3	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,560	6,780	5,775	26.2	26.6	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,200	4,465	5,735	21.3	17.5	25.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,655	2,410	3,245	11.8	9.4	14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,400	4,100	3,305	15.5	16.1	14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,845	13,285	12,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,585	760	825	6.1	5.7	6.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,255	12,530	11,730	93.8	94.3	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,880	9,655	9,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,195	570	625	6.3	5.9	6.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	625	305	330	3.3	3.2	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	270	300	3.0	2.8	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,685	9,085	8,600	93.7	94.1	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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