Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kawartha Lakes, Census division (CDR)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	79,247	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	75,423	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,947	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,708	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,033.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	79,245	39,380	39,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,540	5,440	5,100	13.3	13.8	12.8
0 to 4 years	3,390	1,720	1,675	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	3,535	1,820	1,715	4.5	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	3,610	1,900	1,705	4.6	4.8	4.3
15 to 64 years	46,355	23,415	22,940	58.5	59.5	57.5
15 to 19 years	3,425	1,740	1,685	4.3	4.4	4.2
20 to 24 years	3,655	1,970	1,685	4.6	5.0	4.2
25 to 29 years	4,065	2,145	1,915	5.1	5.4	4.8
30 to 34 years	4,275	2,225	2,050	5.4	5.7	5.1
35 to 39 years	4,215	2,140	2,075	5.3	5.4	5.2
40 to 44 years	3,900	1,955	1,940	4.9	5.0	4.9
45 to 49 years	3,955	1,960	1,990	5.0	5.0	5.0
50 to 54 years	4,810	2,400	2,410	6.1	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	6,770	3,240	3,525	8.5	8.2	8.8
60 to 64 years	7,295	3,630	3,660	9.2	9.2	9.2
65 years and over	22,355	10,530	11,825	28.2	26.7	29.7
65 to 69 years	6,995	3,365	3,635	8.8	8.5	9.1
70 to 74 years	5,950	2,940	3,010	7.5	7.5	7.6
75 to 79 years	4,210	2,025	2,190	5.3	5.1	5.5
80 to 84 years	2,600	1,245	1,355	3.3	3.2	3.4
85 years and over	2,600	955	1,640	3.3	2.4	4.1
85 to 89 years	1,595	660	930	2.0	1.7	2.3
90 to 94 years	785	245	545	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	190	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	13.8	12.8	13.3	13.8	12.8
15 to 64 years	58.5	59.5	57.5	58.5	59.5	57.5
65 years and over	28.2	26.7	29.7	28.2	26.7	29.7
85 years and over	3.3	2.4	4.1	3.3	2.4	4.1
Average age of the population	47.4	46.4	48.4	47.4	46.4	48.4
Median age of the population	51.6	50.4	53.2	51.6	50.4	53.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,400	...	...	83.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	555	...	...	1.7	...	...
Row house	655	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	840	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,220	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	730	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,375	...	...	25.6	...	...
2 persons	13,715	...	...	41.9	...	...
3 persons	4,580	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	3,750	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,285	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,230	38,230	39,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	68,710	33,940	34,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,410	21,210	21,195	61.7	62.5	61.0
Married	34,145	17,080	17,060	49.7	50.3	49.1
Living common-law	8,265	4,135	4,135	12.0	12.2	11.9
Living common law - Never married	5,070	2,585	2,490	7.4	7.6	7.2
Living common law - Separated	570	285	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	2,205	1,080	1,120	3.2	3.2	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	425	180	240	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	26,300	12,730	13,570	38.3	37.5	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,875	8,625	6,255	21.6	25.4	18.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,100	980	1,120	3.1	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,205	1,915	2,290	6.1	5.6	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,115	1,205	3,915	7.4	3.6	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,740	...	...	61.0	...	...
3 persons	4,470	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	3,485	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,475	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,855	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	16,720	...	...	69.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,585	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	10,135	...	...	41.9	...	...
Common-law couples	4,135	...	...	17.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,610	...	...	6.7	...	...
Without children	2,520	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,320	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,480	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	845	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,230	38,230	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	64,725	32,380	32,345	83.8	84.7	82.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,710	20,840	20,870	54.0	54.5	53.5
Parents in one-parent families	3,320	840	2,475	4.3	2.2	6.3
Children⁶	19,695	10,695	9,000	25.5	28.0	23.1
In a two-parent family	14,705	7,925	6,775	19.0	20.7	17.4
In a one-parent family	4,990	2,770	2,220	6.5	7.2	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,505	5,855	6,650	16.2	15.3	17.1
Living alone	8,375	3,770	4,605	10.8	9.9	11.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,730	745	990	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,405	1,345	1,055	3.1	3.5	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,025	...	...	64.3	...	...
Couple-family households	18,630	...	...	57.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,220	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	11,410	...	...	34.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,040	...	...	3.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,045	...	...	3.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	995	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	8,380	...	...	25.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	66,700	32,795	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,955	31,895	33,060	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	34,400	39,200	45,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,985	31,915	33,075	97.4	97.3	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,600	35,600	40,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,405	28,730	28,670	86.1	87.6	84.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	39,200	24,600	31,600	39,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,890	22,755	20,135	64.3	69.4	59.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,000	31,800	36,000	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,585	28,965	30,615	89.3	88.3	90.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	10,900	12,900	12,100	10,900	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,140	3,050	3,085	9.2	9.3	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,000	5,720	5,800	6,000	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,770	7,675	8,095	23.6	23.4	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	66,700	32,795	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,040	31,910	33,125	97.5	97.3	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	58,500	42,600	50,400	58,500	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,075	31,935	33,140	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	48,200	36,880	42,440	48,200	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,415	28,675	28,740	86.1	87.4	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	53,600	35,400	44,480	53,600	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,890	22,685	20,205	64.3	69.2	59.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,760	37,360	43,920	49,760	37,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,620	29,025	30,600	89.4	88.5	90.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,140	11,340	12,880	12,140	11,340	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,220	2,960	3,260	9.3	9.0	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,440	6,770	6,610	6,440	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,865	7,600	8,265	23.8	23.2	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,330	9,130	8,750	8,330	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	66,700	32,800	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,690	10,570	8,120	28.0	32.2	23.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,500	54,800	60,400	65,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,900	78,200	63,700	71,900	78,200	63,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,070	7,460	8,610	24.1	22.7	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	22,200	15,300	17,800	22,200	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,720	31,800	22,300	26,720	31,800	22,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	82.4	72.0	78.0	82.4	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.5	60.5	53.5	57.5	60.5	53.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.1	17.6	28.0	22.1	17.6	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.4	5.0	3.9	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	66,700	32,795	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,745	905	840	2.6	2.8	2.5
With total income	64,955	31,895	33,060	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,770	2,015	2,755	7.3	6.3	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,700	3,480	5,215	13.4	10.9	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,900	4,615	6,290	16.8	14.5	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,605	3,695	4,910	13.2	11.6	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,750	3,780	3,970	11.9	11.9	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,205	3,180	3,025	9.6	10.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,540	2,550	1,990	7.0	8.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,445	2,090	1,360	5.3	6.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500	1,540	955	3.8	4.8	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965	1,175	795	3.0	3.7	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,560	3,765	1,795	8.6	11.8	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	3,975	2,590	1,385	6.1	8.1	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,590	1,175	420	2.4	3.7	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	66,700	32,795	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,715	885	830	2.6	2.7	2.4
With after-tax income	64,980	31,910	33,070	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,160	2,130	3,030	7.9	6.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,125	3,660	5,470	14.0	11.5	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,285	5,230	7,060	18.9	16.4	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,130	4,585	5,540	15.6	14.4	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,795	4,520	4,270	13.5	14.2	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,275	3,435	2,840	9.7	10.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,215	2,525	1,690	6.5	7.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	1,885	1,150	4.7	5.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	1,225	870	3.2	3.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	870	405	2.0	2.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,595	1,845	750	4.0	5.8	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	1,010	440	2.2	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,135	830	305	1.7	2.6	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	66,700	32,795	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,810	10,040	13,770	35.7	30.6	40.6
With employment income	42,895	22,760	20,130	64.3	69.4	59.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,545	4,830	3,715	19.9	21.2	18.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,260	1,380	1,880	7.6	6.1	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,125	2,300	2,825	11.9	10.1	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,815	1,775	2,040	8.9	7.8	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,950	1,815	2,135	9.2	8.0	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,630	1,720	1,905	8.5	7.6	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070	1,630	1,440	7.2	7.2	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,565	1,475	1,090	6.0	6.5	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,950	1,230	720	4.5	5.4	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,615	1,005	605	3.8	4.4	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	815	630	3.4	3.6	3.1
$100,000 and over	3,930	2,775	1,155	9.2	12.2	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,030	1,360	675	4.7	6.0	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,895	1,410	485	4.4	6.2	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	66,700	32,795	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,040	31,400	32,645	96.0	95.7	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	32,400	38,000	44,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,085	31,405	32,675	96.1	95.8	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,800	34,400	40,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,040	28,490	28,550	85.5	86.9	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	27,200	33,600	41,600	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,480	22,920	20,560	65.2	69.9	60.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	30,200	34,000	39,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,025	27,685	29,345	85.5	84.4	86.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,920	9,000	8,000	5,920	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,120	2,560	2,560	7.7	7.8	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,840	5,520	5,680	5,840	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	66,700	32,795	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,200	31,465	32,735	96.3	95.9	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,560	57,050	40,400	48,560	57,050	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,255	31,475	32,785	96.3	96.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	47,040	34,880	40,840	47,040	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,065	28,535	28,535	85.6	87.0	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	54,450	36,080	45,280	54,450	36,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,605	22,955	20,650	65.4	70.0	60.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,040	37,840	44,800	51,040	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,065	27,730	29,335	85.6	84.6	86.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,350	8,700	9,970	9,350	8,700	9,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,345	2,650	2,695	8.0	8.1	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,265	7,410	6,840	6,265	7,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	66,700	32,800	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,475	10,465	8,005	27.7	31.9	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,200	51,200	56,800	63,200	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	75,700	59,600	68,700	75,700	59,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,435	7,145	8,285	23.1	21.8	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,000	20,800	24,200	29,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,360	38,320	27,240	32,360	38,320	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	86.6	77.8	82.8	86.6	77.8
Employment income (%)	62.7	65.2	59.1	62.7	65.2	59.1
Government transfers (%)	17.1	13.4	22.1	17.1	13.4	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,520	...	...	48,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,275	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,155	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,035	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,275	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,345	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,285	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,545	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,455	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,255	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,205	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,955	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,535	...	...	38.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,100	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,845	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,175	...	...	9.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,420	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,330	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,475	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,525	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,950	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,875	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,730	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,470	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,660	...	...	29.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,975	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,410	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,275	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,780	5,110	5,660	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,600	35,200	36,800	39,600	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,600	32,400	34,000	35,600	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...	98,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,900	...	...	123,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,800	...	...	68,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,835	5,155	5,680	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,440	49,720	43,440	46,440	49,720	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,960	42,280	37,880	39,960	42,280	37,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,600	6,450	6,145	16.3	16.9	15.8
0 to 5 years	4,140	2,120	2,025	5.4	5.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	43,370	21,605	21,765	56.2	56.5	55.8
65 years and over	21,260	10,175	11,085	27.5	26.6	28.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,860	3,720	4,140	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,395	720	675	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	235	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,045	2,005	2,045	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,420	995	1,420	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.7	10.6	10.2	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.2	11.0	11.1	11.2	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.2	12.5	11.8	11.2	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.3	9.4	9.3	9.3	9.4
65 years and over (%)	11.4	9.8	12.8	11.4	9.8	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,595	6,455	6,145	16.3	16.9	15.8
0 to 5 years	4,145	2,115	2,025	5.4	5.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	43,370	21,605	21,765	56.2	56.5	55.8
65 years and over	21,260	10,175	11,090	27.5	26.6	28.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,105	1,175	930	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	165	135	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	50	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,550	875	670	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	130	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	3.1	2.4	2.7	3.1	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.6	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.1	3.1	3.6	4.1	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	38,890	18,775	20,115	50.4	49.1	51.6
In bottom decile	6,815	3,375	3,445	8.8	8.8	8.8
In second decile	7,865	3,590	4,280	10.2	9.4	11.0
In third decile	7,885	3,795	4,090	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	8,180	4,000	4,175	10.6	10.5	10.7
In fifth decile	8,145	4,020	4,125	10.5	10.5	10.6
In top half of the distribution	38,340	19,460	18,880	49.6	50.9	48.4
In sixth decile	8,495	4,300	4,195	11.0	11.2	10.8
In seventh decile	8,380	4,220	4,165	10.9	11.0	10.7
In eighth decile	8,175	4,155	4,020	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	7,245	3,650	3,595	9.4	9.5	9.2
In top decile	6,050	3,140	2,910	7.8	8.2	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,230	...	...	77,230	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	77,800	38,525	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	74,215	37,065	37,150	95.4	96.2	94.6
French only	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,425	1,390	2,035	4.4	3.6	5.2
Neither English nor French	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	77,800	38,525	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,945	38,140	38,805	98.9	99.0	98.8
French	670	310	365	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Neither English nor French	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	77,800	38,525	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	77,135	38,225	38,915	99.1	99.2	99.1
Official languages	73,770	36,595	37,175	94.8	95.0	94.6
English	73,040	36,260	36,775	93.9	94.1	93.6
French	725	335	395	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	3,370	1,630	1,740	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,360	1,625	1,735	4.3	4.2	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,595	1,260	1,335	3.3	3.3	3.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	520	230	285	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	215	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,175	550	625	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	705	320	385	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	625	290	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	385	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	290	245	0.7	0.8	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	130	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	95	95	0.3	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	195	95	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	660	295	365	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	215	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	375	175	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	77,800	38,525	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,740	37,115	37,625	96.1	96.3	95.8
French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	600	285	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	600	285	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	470	195	275	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,780	830	955	2.3	2.2	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	77,800	38,525	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	77,470	38,375	39,095	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	76,390	37,855	38,535	98.2	98.3	98.1
English	76,230	37,785	38,445	98.0	98.1	97.9
French	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	1,080	520	560	1.4	1.3	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,080	520	560	1.4	1.3	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	730	340	390	0.9	0.9	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	95	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	77,800	38,520	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	75,725	37,570	38,155	97.3	97.5	97.1
English	470	225	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	370	155	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	1,045	490	560	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,030	480	550	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	77,030	38,145	38,885	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	77,025	38,145	38,880	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	3,420	1,425	1,995	4.4	3.7	5.1
Non-official languages	4,710	2,370	2,340	6.1	6.2	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,670	2,350	2,320	6.0	6.1	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,510	1,795	1,715	4.5	4.7	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	645	305	340	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	630	300	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Polish	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,485	745	740	1.9	1.9	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,000	510	485	1.3	1.3	1.2
German	935	485	450	1.2	1.3	1.2
Pennsylvania German	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	505	230	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	465	205	255	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	360	175	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	985	530	450	1.3	1.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	195	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
Portuguese	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	495	250	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	160	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	295	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	140	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,210	1,140	1,065	2.9	3.0	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,095	1,085	1,010	2.7	2.8	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,240	635	610	1.6	1.7	1.6
Métis	830	445	385	1.1	1.2	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	75,025	37,090	37,930	97.1	97.0	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	620	330	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	76,610	37,900	38,705	99.2	99.1	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,090	...	...	82.8	...	...
Renter	5,620	...	...	17.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	845	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,860	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,355	...	...	22.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,540	...	...	41.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,350	...	...	28.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,055	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,955	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,705	...	...	17.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,285	...	...	16.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,695	...	...	35.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,540	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,830	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	880	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,785	...	...	26.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,540	...	...	29.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,310	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,395	...	...	10.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,480	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,545	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,420	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,240	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,450	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,250	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,510	...	...	47.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,035	...	...	49.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,170	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	380	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,870	...	...	8.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,965	...	...	12.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,565	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,885	...	...	24.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,340	...	...	22.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,165	...	...	12.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,535	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,715	...	...	80.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,085	...	...	19.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,620	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,405	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,355	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	680	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,570	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	605	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,305	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,245	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	28,085	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.1	...	...	54.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,284	...	...	1,284	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	572,000	...	...	572,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	626,500	...	...	626,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.6	...	...	40.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.3	...	...	28.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	825	480	350	1.1	1.3	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	810	475	340	1.0	1.2	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	550	315	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Métis single ancestry	255	150	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,615	1,240	1,375	3.4	3.2	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,595	1,235	1,360	3.4	3.2	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,000	960	1,040	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	575	265	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	73,785	36,515	37,270	95.5	95.5	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,230	38,235	39,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,095	37,685	38,410	98.5	98.6	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,520	6,400	6,115	16.2	16.7	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,580	31,280	32,295	82.3	81.8	82.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,135	545	585	1.5	1.4	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,230	38,235	39,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	70,930	35,160	35,770	91.8	92.0	91.7
Immigrants⁸¹	6,100	2,980	3,125	7.9	7.8	8.0
Before 1980	3,760	1,840	1,925	4.9	4.8	4.9
1980 to 1990	755	380	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	610	285	320	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	545	265	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	430	205	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
2011 to 2015	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	215	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	195	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,100	2,980	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	855	475	385	14.0	15.9	12.3
5 to 14 years	1,510	740	770	24.8	24.8	24.6
15 to 24 years	1,475	665	805	24.2	22.3	25.8
25 to 44 years	1,955	945	1,010	32.0	31.7	32.3
45 years and over	305	155	155	5.0	5.2	5.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,100	2,980	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	865	385	480	14.2	12.9	15.4
Brazil	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Colombia	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	110	55	50	1.8	1.8	1.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	45	55	1.6	1.5	1.8
Mexico	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Peru	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	15	45	1.0	0.5	1.4
United States of America	365	140	220	6.0	4.7	7.0
Other places of birth in Americas	140	85	50	2.3	2.9	1.6
Europe	4,105	2,075	2,025	67.3	69.6	64.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	45	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
France	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	460	245	215	7.5	8.2	6.9
Greece	80	55	25	1.3	1.8	0.8
Hungary	55	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.8
Italy	135	95	45	2.2	3.2	1.4
Netherlands	280	135	145	4.6	4.5	4.6
Poland	120	65	55	2.0	2.2	1.8
Portugal	130	75	55	2.1	2.5	1.8
Romania	50	20	25	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian Federation	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	40	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,195	1,065	1,130	36.0	35.7	36.2
Other places of birth in Europe	430	215	215	7.0	7.2	6.9
Africa	230	95	135	3.8	3.2	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	25	55	1.3	0.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Africa	120	55	65	2.0	1.8	2.1
Asia	835	395	445	13.7	13.3	14.2
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	60	85	2.3	2.0	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	45	20	1.1	1.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	90	35	50	1.5	1.2	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	15	65	1.4	0.5	2.1
Viet Nam	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	140	65	75	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pakistan	50	30	25	0.8	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	110	65	45	1.8	2.2	1.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	30	40	1.1	1.0	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	215	110	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	20	20	16.3	18.2	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	15	20	16.3	13.6	20.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	75	40	30	34.9	36.4	30.0
France	10	10	0	4.7	9.1	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	0	9.3	9.1	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	4.7	0.0	10.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	14.0	13.6	15.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	10	15	9.3	9.1	15.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	35	30	32.6	31.8	30.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	20	0	9.3	18.2	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	10	9.3	0.0	10.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	7.0	0.0	15.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	7.0	9.1	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	4.7	9.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,685	3,250	3,435	8.7	8.5	8.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,975	5,460	5,515	14.2	14.3	14.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,570	29,530	30,040	77.1	77.2	77.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,345	1,135	1,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,165	580	585	49.7	51.1	48.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	545	370	175	23.2	32.6	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	620	210	415	26.4	18.5	34.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	870	380	490	37.1	33.5	40.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	300	175	125	12.8	15.4	10.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,345	1,135	1,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	65	60	5.3	5.7	5.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	305	165	140	13.0	14.5	11.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	25	55	3.2	2.2	4.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	80	30	4.7	7.0	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	25	1.1	0.0	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,705	810	900	72.7	71.4	74.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,635	1,290	1,345	3.4	3.4	3.4
South Asian	675	345	325	0.9	0.9	0.8
Chinese	390	210	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	605	305	300	0.8	0.8	0.8
Filipino	215	90	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin American	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	120	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	74,595	36,945	37,650	96.6	96.6	96.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,230	38,235	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,875	8,000	7,875	20.6	20.9	20.2
English	27,710	13,260	14,445	35.9	34.7	37.0
Irish	21,045	9,835	11,210	27.2	25.7	28.7
Scottish	19,665	9,440	10,225	25.5	24.7	26.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,785	2,720	3,060	7.5	7.1	7.8
German	6,785	3,345	3,440	8.8	8.7	8.8
Chinese	485	245	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	2,635	1,430	1,205	3.4	3.7	3.1
Indian (India)	505	250	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	1,615	780	840	2.1	2.0	2.2
Dutch	4,080	2,025	2,055	5.3	5.3	5.3
Polish	1,940	885	1,055	2.5	2.3	2.7
Québécois	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,515	2,350	2,165	5.8	6.1	5.6
Filipino	190	65	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	750	350	405	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,655	865	790	2.1	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,090	490	600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	860	425	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,130	580	540	1.5	1.5	1.4
Russian	450	200	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	445	225	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Welsh	2,285	1,020	1,265	3.0	2.7	3.2
Portuguese	440	265	170	0.6	0.7	0.4
American	690	295	395	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	380	195	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	555	265	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	625	345	285	0.8	0.9	0.7
Acadian	230	75	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	200	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	280	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jamaican	400	180	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	300	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	365	225	0.8	1.0	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	485	260	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgian	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	330	145	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Finnish	355	150	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	85	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afghan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	225	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Newfoundlander	330	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	675	320	355	0.9	0.8	0.9
Persian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	235	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Macedonian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	160	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,230	38,230	38,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	41,525	19,245	22,280	53.8	50.3	57.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,465	2,185	2,285	5.8	5.7	5.9
Anabaptist	300	150	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	5,405	2,395	3,015	7.0	6.3	7.7
Baptist	1,895	850	1,045	2.5	2.2	2.7
Catholic	12,030	5,690	6,335	15.6	14.9	16.2
Christian Orthodox	425	230	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	455	205	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	945	415	530	1.2	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	2,580	1,085	1,495	3.3	2.8	3.8
Reformed	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	9,775	4,430	5,350	12.7	11.6	13.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,565	1,280	1,285	3.3	3.3	3.3
Hindu	305	170	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	150	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	160	285	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	34,385	18,390	16,000	44.5	48.1	41.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	76,590	37,905	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,035	34,745	35,290	91.4	91.7	91.2
Movers	6,555	3,160	3,400	8.6	8.3	8.8
Non-migrants	2,495	1,205	1,285	3.3	3.2	3.3
Migrants	4,065	1,950	2,110	5.3	5.1	5.5
Internal migrants	3,905	1,875	2,025	5.1	4.9	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,725	1,795	1,935	4.9	4.7	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	73,785	36,500	37,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,450	24,485	24,960	67.0	67.1	66.9
Movers	24,335	12,015	12,320	33.0	32.9	33.0
Non-migrants	8,175	4,000	4,175	11.1	11.0	11.2
Migrants	16,160	8,015	8,145	21.9	22.0	21.8
Internal migrants	15,800	7,825	7,980	21.4	21.4	21.4
Intraprovincial migrants	15,290	7,585	7,705	20.7	20.8	20.7
Interprovincial migrants	515	240	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	360	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,700	32,800	33,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,395	7,475	5,915	20.1	22.8	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,305	25,320	27,985	79.9	77.2	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,485	19,100	19,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,040	3,085	1,955	13.1	16.2	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,450	16,015	17,435	86.9	83.8	89.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,700	32,795	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,660	6,340	5,320	17.5	19.3	15.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,385	10,890	11,495	33.6	33.2	33.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,655	15,570	17,085	49.0	47.5	50.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,670	11,980	11,685	35.5	36.5	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,420	4,225	1,195	8.1	12.9	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,185	1,445	745	3.3	4.4	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,235	2,780	450	4.9	8.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,330	7,335	10,000	26.0	22.4	29.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	920	420	495	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,985	3,585	5,400	13.5	10.9	15.9
Bachelor's degree	6,580	2,555	4,025	9.9	7.8	11.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	700	245	460	1.0	0.7	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,305	585	715	2.0	1.8	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	80	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,490	19,100	19,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,270	2,635	1,635	11.1	13.8	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,365	6,445	5,920	32.1	33.7	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,850	10,020	11,835	56.8	52.5	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,805	7,880	7,930	41.1	41.3	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,175	2,490	685	8.2	13.0	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,240	810	435	3.2	4.2	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,930	1,680	250	5.0	8.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,145	5,150	6,995	31.6	27.0	36.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	485	240	245	1.3	1.3	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,050	2,140	3,910	15.7	11.2	20.2
Bachelor's degree	4,475	1,570	2,905	11.6	8.2	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	450	140	310	1.2	0.7	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	870	335	530	2.3	1.8	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,700	32,795	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,050	17,235	16,815	51.0	52.6	49.6
Education	2,055	500	1,555	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	2,055	500	1,555	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955	360	595	1.4	1.1	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	805	255	555	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	1,255	460	795	1.9	1.4	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	300	65	240	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	100	220	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	120	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	185	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,665	1,000	2,665	5.5	3.0	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	160	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	45	850	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	745	120	630	1.1	0.4	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	525	100	420	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,040	535	505	1.6	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,270	1,800	3,465	7.9	5.5	10.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	80	595	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,580	1,715	2,865	6.9	5.2	8.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	405	585	1.5	1.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	160	305	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	130	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	820	520	300	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	595	400	200	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,850	7,420	430	11.8	22.6	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	145	105	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	520	445	75	0.8	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,800	1,595	205	2.7	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,150	2,115	35	3.2	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180	2,140	40	3.3	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,055	1,020	35	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,380	790	595	2.1	2.4	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	475	385	1.3	1.4	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	310	210	0.8	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	5,545	780	4,765	8.3	2.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	245	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,985	500	4,485	7.5	1.5	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,840	1,510	1,325	4.3	4.6	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,145	215	935	1.7	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,190	820	365	1.8	2.5	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	455	25	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,490	19,100	19,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,640	9,080	7,555	43.2	47.5	39.0
Education	1,205	265	935	3.1	1.4	4.8
13. Education	1,205	265	935	3.1	1.4	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	230	405	1.6	1.2	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	545	175	370	1.4	0.9	1.9
Humanities	700	210	490	1.8	1.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	180	15	165	0.5	0.1	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	45	150	0.5	0.2	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,625	625	2,005	6.8	3.3	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	125	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	25	650	1.7	0.1	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	580	80	505	1.5	0.4	2.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	395	70	325	1.0	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	625	295	330	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	3,560	1,060	2,500	9.2	5.5	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	30	515	1.4	0.2	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,005	1,025	1,980	7.8	5.4	10.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	655	235	415	1.7	1.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340	120	215	0.9	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	50	120	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	580	420	160	1.5	2.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	475	350	130	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,010	4,700	310	13.0	24.6	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	290	235	60	0.8	1.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,210	1,055	160	3.1	5.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,375	1,355	20	3.6	7.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,375	1,355	25	3.6	7.1	0.1
48. Precision production	645	625	20	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	960	510	450	2.5	2.7	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	305	290	1.5	1.6	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	205	160	1.0	1.1	0.8
Health and related fields	3,775	570	3,205	9.8	3.0	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	175	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,365	380	2,985	8.7	2.0	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,120	1,170	950	5.5	6.1	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	145	640	2.0	0.8	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	950	655	295	2.5	3.4	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	360	20	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	38,490	19,100	19,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,640	9,080	7,555	43.2	47.5	39.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,850	10,020	11,835	56.8	52.5	61.0
Location of study inside Canada	20,805	9,555	11,250	54.1	50.0	58.0
Same as province or territory of residence	20,045	9,240	10,810	52.1	48.4	55.8
Different than province or territory of residence	755	310	445	2.0	1.6	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,050	470	580	2.7	2.5	3.0
Americas	275	125	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
United States of America	235	110	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	370	195	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	110	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	280	110	170	0.7	0.6	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Australia	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	66,700	32,795	33,900	...	...	...
In the labour force	36,495	19,280	17,220	...	...	...
Employed	32,405	17,285	15,120	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,095	1,995	2,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,205	13,520	16,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.7	58.8	50.8	54.7	58.8	50.8
Employment rate	48.6	52.7	44.6	48.6	52.7	44.6
Unemployment rate	11.2	10.3	12.2	11.2	10.3	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	66,700	32,795	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,260	13,785	16,475	45.4	42.0	48.6
Worked	36,440	19,010	17,430	54.6	58.0	51.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,260	10,945	8,320	28.9	33.4	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,180	8,070	9,110	25.8	24.6	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.5	41.3	42.1	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	36,500	19,275	17,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	535	455	2.7	2.8	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,505	18,740	16,765	97.3	97.2	97.4
Employee	29,520	15,035	14,490	80.9	78.0	84.1
Permanent position	25,355	12,990	12,370	69.5	67.4	71.8
Temporary position	4,165	2,050	2,120	11.4	10.6	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	995	445	555	2.7	2.3	3.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,175	1,610	1,560	8.7	8.4	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,980	3,705	2,275	16.4	19.2	13.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	36,500	19,275	17,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	535	455	2.7	2.8	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,505	18,740	16,765	97.3	97.2	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	275	195	80	0.8	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,855	1,185	3,670	13.3	6.1	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,635	1,190	450	4.5	6.2	2.6
3 Health occupations	2,920	325	2,590	8.0	1.7	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,950	1,285	2,660	10.8	6.7	15.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	270	450	2.0	1.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	8,785	3,430	5,355	24.1	17.8	31.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,030	8,330	700	24.7	43.2	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,695	1,315	385	4.6	6.8	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,635	1,220	420	4.5	6.3	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	36,500	19,275	17,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	535	455	2.7	2.8	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	35,505	18,740	16,765	97.3	97.2	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,310	905	405	3.6	4.7	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	205	175	30	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	605	500	105	1.7	2.6	0.6
23 Construction	4,830	4,380	450	13.2	22.7	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,595	1,905	695	7.1	9.9	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,035	745	290	2.8	3.9	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,465	2,110	2,355	12.2	10.9	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,510	1,055	460	4.1	5.5	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	385	220	165	1.1	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	950	270	685	2.6	1.4	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	280	300	1.6	1.5	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,780	780	1,000	4.9	4.0	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,790	1,070	715	4.9	5.6	4.2
61 Educational services	2,265	610	1,655	6.2	3.2	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	4,735	615	4,110	13.0	3.2	23.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	415	355	2.1	2.2	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,845	705	1,140	5.1	3.7	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,600	800	795	4.4	4.2	4.6
91 Public administration	2,245	1,205	1,040	6.2	6.3	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	39,115	20,315	18,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,550	20,065	18,485	98.6	98.8	98.3
French	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	260	100	160	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	165	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	39,115	20,315	18,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,050	20,290	18,760	99.8	99.9	99.8
Official languages	38,930	20,210	18,720	99.5	99.5	99.6
English	38,845	20,185	18,660	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	39,115	20,315	18,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,740	20,155	18,585	99.0	99.2	98.9
English	60	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
French	185	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	100	50	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	50	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,400	17,285	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,175	2,690	3,490	19.1	15.6	23.1
Worked outside Canada	65	55	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,475	4,315	1,165	16.9	25.0	7.7
Usual place of work	20,685	10,225	10,455	63.8	59.2	69.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,685	10,225	10,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,085	4,740	6,345	53.6	46.4	60.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,550	5,455	4,100	46.2	53.3	39.2
Commute to a different province or territory	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,165	14,540	11,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,645	13,800	10,845	94.2	94.9	93.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,145	13,025	10,125	88.5	89.6	87.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,500	775	725	5.7	5.3	6.2
Public transit	170	65	105	0.6	0.4	0.9
Walked	795	415	375	3.0	2.9	3.2
Bicycle	85	65	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	470	195	275	1.8	1.3	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,165	14,540	11,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,185	3,260	3,925	27.5	22.4	33.8
15 to 29 minutes	6,495	3,130	3,360	24.8	21.5	28.9
30 to 44 minutes	4,730	2,550	2,180	18.1	17.5	18.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,695	1,715	980	10.3	11.8	8.4
60 minutes and over	5,060	3,890	1,175	19.3	26.8	10.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,165	14,540	11,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,095	2,280	815	11.8	15.7	7.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,170	3,300	1,875	19.8	22.7	16.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,535	3,555	2,975	25.0	24.4	25.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,680	1,910	2,770	17.9	13.1	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,430	940	1,495	9.3	6.5	12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,255	2,560	1,695	16.3	17.6	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,845	6,585	6,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	660	315	345	5.1	4.8	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,185	6,270	5,920	94.9	95.2	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,215	4,725	4,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	490	240	250	5.3	5.1	5.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	95	100	2.2	2.0	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	285	140	150	3.1	3.0	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,725	4,490	4,235	94.7	95.0	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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