Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Huron, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,366	...	...
Population, 2016¹	59,297	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	29,455	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	25,334	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	18.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,398.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,370	30,360	31,005
0 to 14 years	10,400	5,335	5,060
0 to 4 years	3,415	1,750	1,660
5 to 9 years	3,555	1,825	1,735
10 to 14 years	3,425	1,760	1,665
15 to 64 years	35,095	17,470	17,625
15 to 19 years	3,240	1,660	1,585
20 to 24 years	3,165	1,650	1,510
25 to 29 years	3,260	1,635	1,620
30 to 34 years	3,185	1,610	1,575
35 to 39 years	3,165	1,590	1,575
40 to 44 years	3,035	1,515	1,515
45 to 49 years	2,990	1,520	1,475
50 to 54 years	3,360	1,635	1,730
55 to 59 years	4,575	2,190	2,390
60 to 64 years	5,125	2,475	2,650
65 years and over	15,870	7,550	8,320
65 to 69 years	4,855	2,365	2,490
70 to 74 years	4,365	2,170	2,195
75 to 79 years	2,905	1,420	1,490
80 to 84 years	1,900	875	1,025
85 years and over	1,845	720	1,120
85 to 89 years	1,110	505	605
90 to 94 years	570	185	385
95 to 99 years	150	30	120
100 years and over	20	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.6	16.3
15 to 64 years	57.2	57.5	56.8
65 years and over	25.9	24.9	26.8
85 years and over	3.0	2.4	3.6
Average age of the population	44.6	43.8	45.5
Median age of the population	46.8	45.6	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	25,335	...	...
Single-detached house	20,325	...	...
Semi-detached house	615	...	...
Row house	960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,400	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	735	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	25,335	...	...
1 person	7,250	...	...
2 persons	10,160	...	...
3 persons	3,010	...	...
4 persons	2,725	...	...
5 or more persons	2,200	...	...
Number of persons in private households	60,245	29,900	30,345
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	50,965	25,020	25,945
Married or living common-law	32,015	16,030	15,985
Married	27,180	13,615	13,560
Living common-law	4,840	2,415	2,420
Living common law - Never married	2,935	1,485	1,450
Living common law - Separated	345	165	175
Living common law - Divorced	1,320	665	655
Living common law - Widowed	230	95	135
Not married and not living common-law	18,950	8,985	9,960
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,180	6,235	4,945
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,440	710	735
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,705	1,210	1,495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,625	835	2,795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,830	...	...
2 persons	10,350	...	...
3 persons	2,975	...	...
4 persons	2,625	...	...
5 or more persons	1,890	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,835	...	...
Total couple families	15,740	...	...
Married couples	13,320	...	...
With children⁶	5,720	...	...
Without children	7,605	...	...
Common-law couples	2,420	...	...
With children⁶	900	...	...
Without children	1,515	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,090	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,550	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,245	29,900	30,345
Total - Persons in census families	50,965	25,490	25,475
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,480	15,730	15,750
Parents in one-parent families	2,095	545	1,555
Children⁶	17,390	9,220	8,175
In a two-parent family	14,085	7,415	6,670
In a one-parent family	3,310	1,800	1,505
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,280	4,410	4,865
Living alone	7,245	3,310	3,940
Living with other relatives⁷	865	405	465
Living with non-relatives only	1,165	700	460
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	25,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,635	...	...
Couple-family households	14,915	...	...
With children⁶	6,205	...	...
Without children	8,710	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,720	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	380	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	550	...	...
One-person households	7,245	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	49,865	24,570	25,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,670	24,005	24,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,730	24,040	24,690
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,210	22,270	21,950
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,330	18,195	16,140
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,750	21,405	22,340
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	8,100	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,695	1,625	2,070
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,550	4,435	5,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	49,865	24,570	25,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,850	24,140	24,705
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,650	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,910	24,165	24,745
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	46,720	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,210	22,255	21,955
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,240	51,600	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,330	18,170	16,165
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	50,040	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,815	21,600	22,215
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,210	10,130	12,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,600	1,690	1,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010	6,265	7,670
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,525	4,470	5,060
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,690	7,400	7,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	49,865	24,575	25,290
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,720	9,970	6,750
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	59,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	69,700	55,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,675	5,645	7,030
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	22,000	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	31,720	22,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	84.0	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.4	66.4	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.0	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	2.9	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	49,865	24,570	25,295
Without total income	1,190	560	625
With total income	48,675	24,010	24,665
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,215	1,245	1,970
$10,000 to $19,999	6,515	2,525	3,995
$20,000 to $29,999	7,685	3,265	4,420
$30,000 to $39,999	6,390	2,845	3,545
$40,000 to $49,999	6,105	2,885	3,220
$50,000 to $59,999	5,170	2,675	2,500
$60,000 to $69,999	3,870	2,225	1,645
$70,000 to $79,999	2,630	1,670	955
$80,000 to $89,999	1,790	1,105	685
$90,000 to $99,999	1,345	795	545
$100,000 and over	3,950	2,775	1,180
$100,000 to $149,999	2,740	1,810	925
$150,000 and over	1,215	960	260
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	49,865	24,570	25,295
Without after-tax income	1,135	530	600
With after-tax income	48,730	24,040	24,690
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,495	1,360	2,135
$10,000 to $19,999	6,775	2,610	4,170
$20,000 to $29,999	8,625	3,715	4,915
$30,000 to $39,999	7,740	3,540	4,200
$40,000 to $49,999	7,280	3,700	3,580
$50,000 to $59,999	5,220	2,925	2,290
$60,000 to $69,999	3,240	2,005	1,240
$70,000 to $79,999	2,050	1,245	800
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	825	600
$90,000 to $99,999	860	580	285
$100,000 and over	2,015	1,535	480
$100,000 to $124,999	1,160	885	275
$125,000 and over	850	655	200
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	49,865	24,570	25,295
Without employment income	15,530	6,380	9,155
With employment income	34,335	18,195	16,140
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,325	2,635	2,690
$5,000 to $9,999	2,650	1,075	1,570
$10,000 to $19,999	4,345	1,940	2,405
$20,000 to $29,999	3,225	1,440	1,785
$30,000 to $39,999	3,440	1,570	1,870
$40,000 to $49,999	3,720	1,900	1,820
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	1,700	1,245
$60,000 to $69,999	2,205	1,435	770
$70,000 to $79,999	1,570	1,055	515
$80,000 to $89,999	1,135	755	380
$90,000 to $99,999	985	570	410
$100,000 and over	2,800	2,120	680
$100,000 to $124,999	1,280	865	415
$125,000 and over	1,520	1,250	265
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	49,865	24,570	25,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,965	23,645	24,320
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,985	23,645	24,335
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,780	22,015	21,765
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,635	18,285	16,350
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,130	20,575	21,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	3,020	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,545	1,640	1,905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,520	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	49,865	24,570	25,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,985	23,690	24,295
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,560	55,100	40,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,020	23,690	24,330
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240	45,720	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,565	21,965	21,600
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	51,750	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,580	18,340	16,235
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	49,240	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,210	20,645	21,565
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,980	8,160	9,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,425	1,620	1,810
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,065	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	49,865	24,575	25,290
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,555	9,860	6,700
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	56,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,450	65,700	52,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,090	5,420	6,665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	27,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,320	37,400	26,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	64.6	69.2	58.7
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.9	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	25,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,245	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,090	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	25,335	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,260	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,080	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	25,335	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	860	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,065	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,050	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,035	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,125	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,790	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,685	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,240	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,095	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,115	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,260	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,770	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	25,335	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	570	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,060	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,120	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,255	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,180	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,050	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,880	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,140	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,990	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,775	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,380	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,715	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,770	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,665	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,945	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,410	4,010	4,400
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,730	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,790	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,685	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,970	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,415	3,930	4,480
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	50,160	44,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,680	42,520	39,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,245	29,900	30,345
0 to 17 years	12,390	6,380	6,005
0 to 5 years	4,110	2,105	2,005
18 to 64 years	32,780	16,245	16,535
65 years and over	15,080	7,275	7,805
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,045	3,320	3,730
0 to 17 years	1,855	995	860
0 to 5 years	775	425	350
18 to 64 years	3,285	1,545	1,740
65 years and over	1,905	780	1,125
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	11.1	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	15.6	14.3
0 to 5 years (%)	18.8	20.0	17.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.5	10.5
65 years and over (%)	12.6	10.7	14.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,245	29,900	30,345
0 to 17 years	12,385	6,380	6,005
0 to 5 years	4,115	2,110	2,005
18 to 64 years	32,780	16,240	16,535
65 years and over	15,075	7,280	7,800
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,875	955	915
0 to 17 years	540	290	255
0 to 5 years	245	130	120
18 to 64 years	1,140	585	555
65 years and over	190	80	110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.1	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,245	29,900	30,345
In bottom half of the distribution	31,700	15,430	16,265
In bottom decile	5,845	2,840	3,005
In second decile	6,255	2,845	3,410
In third decile	6,465	3,130	3,335
In fourth decile	6,695	3,370	3,330
In fifth decile	6,435	3,245	3,190
In top half of the distribution	28,545	14,470	14,080
In sixth decile	6,445	3,210	3,235
In seventh decile	6,205	3,120	3,080
In eighth decile	5,845	2,945	2,905
In ninth decile	5,555	2,840	2,715
In top decile	4,500	2,360	2,140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,245	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	60,665	30,100	30,565
English only	58,680	29,235	29,445
French only	0	0	0
English and French	1,540	610	930
Neither English nor French	450	255	190
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	60,665	30,100	30,565
English	59,920	29,700	30,220
French	275	130	145
English and French	30	20	15
Neither English nor French	435	250	180
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	60,665	30,100	30,565
Single responses	60,220	29,895	30,325
Official languages	55,205	27,315	27,890
English	54,875	27,150	27,725
French	330	165	165
Non-official languages	5,015	2,575	2,435
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,010	2,580	2,435
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	45	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	70	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,540	2,325	2,220
Albanian	5	0	5
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	100	130
Baltic languages	10	5	10
Latvian	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	220	95	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	55	20	40
Russian	30	10	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	40	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,870	1,980	1,890
Frisian	35	20	15
High German languages	2,410	1,230	1,175
German	1,585	795	785
Pennsylvania German	755	395	365
Swiss German	70	40	30
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,380	705	670
Afrikaans	20	10	5
Dutch	1,035	530	505
Low German, n.o.s.	60	30	30
Low Saxon	10	0	5
Plautdietsch	220	115	110
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	15
Scandinavian languages	35	15	15
Danish	30	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Greek	40	30	15
Indo-Iranian languages	110	65	45
Indo-Aryan languages	105	60	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	15	10
Hindi	20	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	275	145	135
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	20
Portuguese	80	40	45
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	35	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0
American Sign Language	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	30
Chinese languages	55	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	30
Lao	45	25	20
Thai	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	25	30
Estonian	10	5	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	45	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	450	210	240
English and French	95	40	60
English and non-official language(s)	305	150	155
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	60,665	30,100	30,565
English	56,370	27,905	28,470
French	15	5	5
Non-official language	2,175	1,125	1,050
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,175	1,125	1,050
English and French	155	65	90
English and non-official language(s)	1,820	930	890
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	80	50	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	60,665	30,100	30,565
Single responses	60,365	29,955	30,405
Official languages	57,540	28,480	29,055
English	57,500	28,465	29,040
French	35	15	20
Non-official languages	2,825	1,475	1,350
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,825	1,475	1,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	45	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	30	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,330	1,250
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	35	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,300	1,180	1,120
Frisian	10	5	5
High German languages	1,845	950	890
German	1,155	585	570
Pennsylvania German	670	360	315
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	435	225	210
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	230	115	115
Low German, n.o.s.	45	25	25
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	140	75	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Greek	20	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	85	50	35
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	5
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	65	45	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	30	20
Lao	35	20	15
Thai	15	10	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	305	150	155
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	280	135	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	60,670	30,100	30,565
None	58,810	29,155	29,655
English	550	295	260
French	115	50	70
Non-official language	1,040	525	515
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,035	520	510
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,245	29,900	30,345
Official languages	59,850	29,650	30,200
English	59,850	29,650	30,200
French	1,510	610	900
Non-official languages	5,735	2,960	2,770
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,720	2,960	2,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	50	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	50	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	70	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	15	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,085	2,635	2,450
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	145	130
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	270	145	130
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	35	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	90	25	70
Russian	50	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	20
Bosnian	15	10	0
Croatian	35	25	10
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,150	2,165	1,985
Frisian	55	45	10
High German languages	2,850	1,520	1,335
German	1,980	1,010	970
Pennsylvania German	825	455	365
Swiss German	135	85	50
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,730	870	865
Afrikaans	25	15	20
Dutch	1,460	745	720
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	195	95	100
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	25	20
Scandinavian languages	65	20	50
Danish	55	20	30
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	70	50	20
Indo-Iranian languages	130	80	45
Indo-Aryan languages	100	60	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	70	40	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	205	260
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	20	25
Portuguese	70	35	35
Romanian	40	15	25
Spanish	330	145	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	20	0
Korean	55	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	35	60
American Sign Language	75	25	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	30	60
Chinese languages	90	30	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	50	20
Lao	60	50	10
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	30	15
Estonian	15	15	0
Finnish	20	0	15
Hungarian	20	20	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,245	29,900	30,345
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,140	525	615
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,075	500	580
First Nations (North American Indian)	625	275	355
Métis	450	225	220
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	25	35
Non-Indigenous identity	59,105	29,375	29,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,245	29,900	30,345
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	325	155	165
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	59,920	29,745	30,180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	25,335	...	...
Owner	19,710	...	...
Renter	5,625	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	25,335	...	...
Condominium	780	...	...
Not condominium	24,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	25,335	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...
1 bedroom	1,975	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,780	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	25,335	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,035	...	...
5 rooms	3,370	...	...
6 rooms	4,020	...	...
7 rooms	3,990	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,920	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	25,335	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,090	...	...
More than one person per room	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	25,335	...	...
Suitable	24,685	...	...
Not suitable	650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	25,335	...	...
1960 or before	11,160	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,945	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,340	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,110	...	...
2001 to 2005	870	...	...
2006 to 2010	910	...	...
2011 to 2015	925	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,065	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	25,335	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,810	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,525	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	25,335	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,710	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	525	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	25,335	...	...
15 to 24 years	490	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,755	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,350	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,525	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,405	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,555	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,065	...	...
85 years and over	1,190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,535	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	19,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,670	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	25,335	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,330	...	...
Not suitable only	515	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,190	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,895	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,270	...	...
In core need	1,175	...	...
Not in core need	22,090	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,080	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,144	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	486,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	943	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,245	29,900	30,345
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	210	180
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	375	205	170
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	285	150	130
Métis single ancestry	95	55	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,240	575	665
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,215	570	650
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	915	430	485
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	135	160
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,615	29,115	29,500
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,245	29,900	30,345
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,200	29,340	29,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,275	6,255	6,025
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,925	23,095	23,830
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,045	555	485
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,245	29,900	30,345
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,795	27,630	28,160
Immigrants⁸¹	4,200	2,090	2,110
Before 1980	2,205	1,110	1,100
1980 to 1990	590	295	290
1991 to 2000	570	270	300
2001 to 2010	435	200	230
2011 to 2021⁸²	395	215	185
2011 to 2015	125	70	55
2016 to 2021	275	145	130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	250	170	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,200	2,095	2,105
Under 5 years	785	435	350
5 to 14 years	1,025	530	500
15 to 24 years	955	475	480
25 to 44 years	1,195	550	650
45 years and over	230	95	135
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,200	2,095	2,105
Americas	805	380	420
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	20	0	15
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	25	10	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	60	50	10
Mexico	225	100	120
Peru	15	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10
United States of America	355	135	215
Other places of birth in Americas	80	50	35
Europe	2,940	1,490	1,450
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15
Croatia	10	10	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	300	160	135
Greece	10	10	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Italy	25	10	10
Netherlands	895	485	410
Poland	60	20	40
Portugal	55	25	25
Romania	30	15	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10
Ukraine	20	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,075	500	575
Other places of birth in Europe	400	205	195
Africa	70	40	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	30	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	365	175	190
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20
Turkey	15	10	10
China⁹⁰	40	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	55	10	50
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	55	25	25
Pakistan	15	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	50	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	10	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	275	150	130
Americas	125	70	60
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0
Mexico	60	30	30
United States of America	50	20	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	80	35	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,245	29,900	30,345
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,680	2,385	2,290
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,675	3,910	3,760
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,895	23,600	24,295
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,990	985	1,005
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,030	525	500
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	375	295	85
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	655	230	420
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	660	295	365
Refugees¹⁰⁸	295	150	135
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,990	985	1,005
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	40	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	235	165	70
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	25	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	15	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,545	735	810
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,245	29,900	30,345
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,225	685	540
South Asian	175	105	65
Chinese	145	65	80
Black	210	130	80
Filipino	145	60	85
Arab	90	55	35
Latin American	130	75	55
Southeast Asian	150	95	50
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	25
Japanese	30	20	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	25
Multiple visible minorities	70	35	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	59,015	29,215	29,800
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,245	29,900	30,345
Canadian	10,435	5,150	5,285
English	18,465	8,905	9,560
Irish	15,585	7,475	8,110
Scottish	16,975	8,355	8,620
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,400	2,095	2,300
German	12,310	6,010	6,305
Chinese	200	90	110
Italian	845	420	425
Indian (India)	165	90	75
Ukrainian	775	305	470
Dutch	7,830	3,855	3,975
Polish	1,080	450	635
Québécois	15	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,080	1,000	1,085
Filipino	135	55	80
French Canadian	425	215	215
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	850	410	435
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	675	335	340
Métis	425	200	225
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	950	480	470
Russian	245	70	170
Norwegian	215	100	110
Welsh	1,150	460	685
Portuguese	200	80	120
American	590	280	310
Spanish	160	70	85
Swedish	245	120	125
Hungarian	410	230	185
Acadian	80	25	55
Pakistani	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	70	30
Jewish	70	30	35
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	135	85	50
Jamaican	120	85	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	35	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	30	10
Korean	50	30	20
Romanian	210	115	95
Lebanese	60	40	20
Iranian	10	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	340	175	170
Danish	415	240	175
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	140	130
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	185	90	95
Belgian	535	265	265
Haitian	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	455	245	205
Mennonite	835	445	395
Swiss	1,525	730	795
Finnish	145	60	80
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	125	70	55
Japanese	60	35	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	20	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	75	65
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	40	30	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	35	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	20	10	15
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	150	65	80
Syrian	45	20	25
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	10	20
Serbian	50	35	15
Ojibway	45	0	40
Newfoundlander	95	35	60
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	465	250	215
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	30
Turkish	15	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	0
Slovak	75	30	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	30	40
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	15	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0
Lithuanian	40	30	15
South African	15	10	0
Australian	40	15	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	35	15	25
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	15	10	10
Maltese	90	60	30
Macedonian	15	0	10
Slovenian	45	40	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	20
New Brunswicker	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	20
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	10
African American	40	30	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	35	35
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	20	15	0
Bosnian	25	15	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	35	15	20
Indonesian	30	15	15
Laotian	70	50	25
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	15	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	20	15	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	40	40
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	25
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	155	65	90
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	25	20	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	50	20	35
United Empire Loyalist	50	20	30
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,245	29,900	30,345
Buddhist	105	50	55
Christian	40,650	19,505	21,140
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,445	2,215	2,225
Anabaptist	2,705	1,405	1,300
Anglican	2,785	1,265	1,520
Baptist	915	405	510
Catholic	10,405	4,920	5,485
Christian Orthodox	200	135	65
Jehovah's Witness	285	130	150
Latter Day Saints	30	20	15
Lutheran	1,675	865	810
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	100	125
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	655	265	385
Presbyterian	2,775	1,305	1,470
Reformed	1,635	830	805
United Church	10,265	4,850	5,410
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,665	800	860
Hindu	60	30	25
Jewish	35	10	20
Muslim	175	95	85
Sikh	55	35	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	75	120
No religion and secular perspectives	18,980	10,095	8,880
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,590	29,580	30,010
Non-movers	54,720	27,200	27,525
Movers	4,870	2,380	2,490
Non-migrants	1,765	880	890
Migrants	3,100	1,500	1,600
Internal migrants	3,000	1,440	1,560
Intraprovincial migrants	2,910	1,390	1,525
Interprovincial migrants	85	55	30
External migrants	105	55	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,830	28,210	28,620
Non-movers	38,650	19,445	19,210
Movers	18,180	8,765	9,415
Non-migrants	4,555	2,220	2,335
Migrants	13,625	6,540	7,080
Internal migrants	13,170	6,295	6,875
Intraprovincial migrants	12,700	6,050	6,650
Interprovincial migrants	470	245	225
External migrants	455	250	205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,865	24,575	25,290
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,185	6,845	5,340
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,680	17,725	19,955
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,425	13,890	14,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,830	2,950	1,875
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,595	10,940	12,660
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,865	24,570	25,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,825	5,990	4,835
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,395	7,690	7,705
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,640	10,885	12,750
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,340	8,380	8,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,260	3,320	940
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,780	1,140	635
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,480	2,180	300
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,465	4,815	7,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	620	245	370
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,300	2,515	3,790
Bachelor's degree	4,650	1,765	2,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	400	165	240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	110	95
Master's degree	875	410	470
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	60	100
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,425	13,890	14,530
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,230	2,580	1,650
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,305	4,275	4,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,890	7,030	8,855
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,615	5,555	6,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,625	2,105	520
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	995	660	335
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,625	1,440	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,670	3,330	5,340
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	320	115	205
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,275	1,480	2,790
Bachelor's degree	3,230	1,075	2,150
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	85	175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	60	80
Master's degree	560	220	345
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	40	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,865	24,570	25,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,225	13,685	12,540
Education	1,525	305	1,215
13. Education	1,525	305	1,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	590	260	330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	55	10
50. Visual and performing arts	520	200	320
Humanities	950	350	605
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	220	65	155
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	85	175
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	15	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	110	85
54. History	140	65	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,440	600	1,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	60	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	35	790
22. Legal professions and studies	325	95	225
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	45
42. Psychology	375	85	295
45. Social sciences	640	295	340
Business, management and public administration	4,110	1,220	2,890
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	85	400
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,625	1,135	2,485
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	200	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	65	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	40	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	105	60	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	450	270	180
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	210	100
25. Library science	30	10	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	45	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,305	5,040	270
04. Architecture and related services	145	85	65
14. Engineering	360	350	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	890	800	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,515	1,500	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,600	70
48. Precision production	725	705	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,895	1,280	610
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,745	1,180	570
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	105	45
Health and related fields	3,980	475	3,510
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	145	165
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,615	305	3,315
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,945	895	1,050
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,090	215	875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	495	330	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	350	0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,420	13,890	14,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,535	6,855	5,680
Education	850	150	705
13. Education	850	150	705
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	435	175	265
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	405	150	255
Humanities	565	190	375
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	110	25	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	45	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45
54. History	95	30	65
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,695	330	1,365
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	45	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	20	590
22. Legal professions and studies	235	60	175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	30
42. Psychology	215	35	185
45. Social sciences	430	165	260
Business, management and public administration	2,780	695	2,085
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	45	305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,425	650	1,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	145	180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	45	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	30	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	70	35	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	320	205	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	170	60
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,590	3,380	215
04. Architecture and related services	105	55	45
14. Engineering	230	220	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	610	540	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,055	1,035	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,195	1,130	65
48. Precision production	400	395	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,335	840	495
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,235	775	455
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	65	40
Health and related fields	2,625	315	2,310
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	100	115
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,365	200	2,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,335	620	715
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	125	565
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	410	265	140
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	230	0
Other¹⁷⁹	35	0	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,420	13,890	14,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,535	6,855	5,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,890	7,035	8,860
Location of study inside Canada	15,030	6,605	8,425
Same as province or territory of residence	14,445	6,330	8,115
Different than province or territory of residence	580	275	310
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	860	425	430
Americas	240	90	150
United States of America	215	80	135
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	340	195	150
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	50	20	35
Netherlands	85	50	40
Switzerland	40	25	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	80	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	190	100	90
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	85	55	35
Viet Nam	15	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	25	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	75	35	40
Australia	70	30	40
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	49,865	24,570	25,295
In the labour force	30,370	16,220	14,150
Employed	28,355	15,410	12,945
Unemployed	2,015	810	1,205
Not in the labour force	19,490	8,350	11,140
Participation rate	60.9	66.0	55.9
Employment rate	56.9	62.7	51.2
Unemployment rate	6.6	5.0	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	49,865	24,570	25,295
Did not work¹⁸⁶	19,080	8,255	10,825
Worked	30,785	16,310	14,470
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,365	10,300	7,060
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	13,420	6,010	7,405
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.4	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	30,370	16,220	14,150
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	145	180
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,045	16,075	13,970
Employee	23,785	12,170	11,620
Permanent position	20,545	10,615	9,930
Temporary position	3,240	1,560	1,685
Fixed term (1 year or more)	870	425	445
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,375	1,130	1,240
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,260	3,910	2,350
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	30,370	16,220	14,150
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	145	180
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,045	16,075	13,970
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	310	195	115
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,785	790	2,995
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,020	790	230
3 Health occupations	2,100	230	1,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,500	580	1,925
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	460	140	320
6 Sales and service occupations	6,625	2,455	4,165
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,895	6,410	490
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,205	3,000	1,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,140	1,480	660
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	30,370	16,220	14,150
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	145	180
All industries¹⁹¹	30,045	16,075	13,970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,130	2,770	1,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	520	490	30
22 Utilities	555	440	115
23 Construction	3,250	2,840	410
31-33 Manufacturing	3,275	2,335	945
41 Wholesale trade	1,075	745	325
44-45 Retail trade	3,070	1,410	1,655
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,190	830	360
51 Information and cultural industries	275	120	160
52 Finance and insurance	775	210	560
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	340	190	155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,190	575	620
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	915	455	465
61 Educational services	1,675	420	1,255
62 Health care and social assistance	3,535	370	3,170
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	360	160	195
72 Accommodation and food services	1,510	505	1,010
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,465	795	670
91 Public administration	920	405	520
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	32,755	17,300	15,450
English	31,935	16,900	15,035
French	10	0	0
Non-official language	440	245	195
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	440	245	195
English and French	105	30	70
English and non-official language(s)	265	125	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	32,755	17,300	15,450
Single responses	32,705	17,285	15,420
Official languages	32,155	16,990	15,170
English	32,140	16,985	15,155
French	15	0	15
Non-official languages	550	295	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	550	295	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	540	295	240
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	540	290	240
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	495	275	225
German	280	145	135
Pennsylvania German	205	115	85
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	10	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	30
English and French	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	32,755	17,300	15,450
None	32,430	17,160	15,270
English	120	55	65
French	80	25	55
Non-official language	115	60	55
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	115	60	55
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,355	15,410	12,945
Worked at home	6,015	3,035	2,975
Worked outside Canada	70	50	15
No fixed workplace address	3,200	2,480	725
Usual place of work	19,070	9,840	9,230
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,070	9,840	9,230
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,425	3,580	3,850
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,315	3,100	3,215
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,285	3,115	2,170
Commute to a different province or territory	40	40	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,270	12,320	9,955
Car, truck or van	20,315	11,290	9,030
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,880	10,560	8,320
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,435	730	705
Public transit	45	25	20
Walked	1,405	710	690
Bicycle	160	120	40
Other method	350	170	180
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,270	12,320	9,955
Less than 15 minutes	9,720	4,830	4,890
15 to 29 minutes	6,540	3,340	3,200
30 to 44 minutes	2,935	1,845	1,090
45 to 59 minutes	1,335	905	435
60 minutes and over	1,745	1,395	345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,270	12,320	9,955
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,280	1,695	590
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,485	3,180	1,310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,915	3,305	2,610
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,290	1,685	2,610
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,040	715	1,320
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,255	1,745	1,515
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,630	6,490	6,140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	160	180
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,290	6,330	5,965
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,975	4,620	4,355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	265	125	140
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	60	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	70	65
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,710	4,490	4,215

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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